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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE LEADER .
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fpiTAT Europe is in a state of agitation , and deeply JL imbued with the idea that war is imminently possible , is an undeniable fact . Wars and rumours of wars are , of course , the readiest and strongest levers that stock-jobbers can handle for moving the money-world . No doubt the present occasion has Tjeen industriously improved , both on the Bourse of Paris and in the less volatile Exchange of London ; but it is idle to think that a .. stock-jobbing
device could have brought about a fall of five per -eejit . in Erench funds , and a grave decline in our own stocks , with a continued Uneasiness that may lead to still more serious results , but for a general belief in the gravity of the present state of all airs iliroughout the Continent , and especially in Italy . War may be averted , the inevitable Italian struggle may be deferred or crushed at the outset , as in ISIS , but the fact is clear enough that , in Italy , more particularly in Lombardy , the Italians , not
only of the so-called revolutionary party , but ot the trading class and gentry , think the hour has arrived when the Austrian tyranny is to be finally over . thrown and Italy rogained for the Italians . Austria is profoundly sensible of the dangers of the time ; ixence her vast military activity , the reinforcements of her garrisons in Verona , Mantua , and Milan , her military councils at Venice , and the despatch of au entire corjjs d'armee into Italy , hi addition to the large force already there ; lumcc her anxiety to perfect her- military resources and to
increase her navy , in . spite of the difficulties presented by an almost bankrupt treasury . She is terrified at the chance that the example of successful revolution may bo oft ' erod to the impatient Italians , and therefore sho hurries to put down the Servians , oven at tho risk of breaking tho faith , of treaties with tho other gicut Towers parties to the Treaty of Paris . Sho has sent reinforcements to Somlin , two hours' march from Belgrade , and
directed the officer in command to occupy Belgrade , on requisition from tho commander of tho Turkish forces garrisoning tho citadel . It is reported that strong representations have been sent to tho Austrian Government on tho subjoct , as to the extreme -danger , of an infraction , of tho Treaty of Paris . Report adds that Austria has refused to alter tho arrangements sho has made , her first , thought being , at any hazard , to quell tho idea of successful revolution .
Hoc real danger , howovor , manifestly arises from tho rapidly growing couudenoo of tho pooplo of Italy in the Constitutiqual Government of King Victor Emmanuel . Tho distrust with which ovory movomont of tho Houso of Savoy had boon watched by tho domooratio parties of almost all tho Italian Btatos , would appear to havo boon worn out or atvst
away ; and there can be but little doubt that the hopes of Northern Italy at this moment turn wholly towards Sardinia . Victor Emmanuel has earned this confidence . During the ten years he has been upon the throne of Sardinia he has held a perfectly just and temperate course with regard to Austrian-Italy , and that in the face of . enormous temptation . The hopes of assistance which the struggling peoples of Lombardy now ent ertain have been the spontaneous growth of opinions year by year tending more and more towards the constitutional form of . government , 'of which Sardinia is sole
representative on the Italian peninsula . victor Emmanuel ,.-wisely ¦ following . the counsels of his farseeing Minister , Gouut Cavoiir , has never uttered a word to awaken ill-timed hopes or to precipitate eventualities . He has bided his time 5 . but at last he has spoken in . a way that leaves no doubt as to the future . " ' We respect treaties , " Jie said at the opening of the Chambers on Monday ,. " but we are not insensible to the cry of grief which reaches us . from so many liarts of Italy . " The
King ( says the Piedmo / itese Gazette ) pronounced these words with great emotion , and the hall resounded with loud applause and enthusiastic cheering ; the echoes of such words , we may well believe , have reached to the farthest shores of the Adriatic , and been repeated amid the ruins of the City of tho Seven Hills . Henceforth , the King of Sardinia is the acknowledged champion of Italian nationality struggling for emancipation ,. and for the blessings of Constitutional Government .
If there is any point upon which a doubt may hang witli regard to tho course of Sardinia , the approaching alliance with the present French regime may be called in question . Victor Emmanuel gives his daughtor to Prince Napol con , a man more than old enough to be the young lady ' s father , and the only conceivable object of this union is the support
of France against Austria . It is to be remembered that the close intimacy of tho Court of Turin with that of tl » o Tuilorios has been pretty much owing to . tho way in which tho English Govommcut has held back , when solicited to givo Sardinia a more open and active support . Sardinia has , in fact , been thrown into tho hands of Franoo and Russia , with winch Powers it rests to determine whether
thoro shall bo peace or war . In Frauco , tho word most constantly on tho lip is war . At a late ball at the Tuilories it was remarked that nothing but strategic talk was heard throughout tho night . At all tho Government military workshops there is uuooasing activity : in tho poronssion oap manufactories , for oxamplo , whero noithorgas nor lamps aro 'pormittqd , tho hnncla nro working ' double tides so long as daylight lasts . At Toulon tho groatosb possible expedition is mado to get roady a number of stoam-trausports ; aud for this purpose ovory Bhip-oarnonter that can
be spared from Brest or Cherbourg is sent by rail to Toulon . . - ¦ .. ' .. The position which Prussia would take in the event of war is a matter of vital importance , and therefore the speech of the Prince Regent on the opening of the Prusssian Chambers was looked for with eager interest . Ko language could be more guarded than that uttered by the Prince of Prussia on Wednesday : " Nothing ; " he said , emphatically , " has occurred to alter the peaceful relations of Prussia towards foreign countries ; but increased outlays will be required for the maintenance of the Royal dignity , for augmenting the army force , and for the support of the navy . " Preparedness for eventualities is obviously a dominant idea in the
Prince Regent ' s mind . To another Koyal mind the future opens up a prospect of terror . King Ferdinand of Naples , after so long scandalising Europe by his revolting treatment of political offenders , in spite of representations and remonstrances , has relented before the possible war-storm , and has released sixty-one victims , Poerio and Settembrini being prominent names in the list . A notable sign , when the King of Naples takes pains to stand better in the eyes of the civilised world !
Our own part in the struggle , if it conies , will be determined rather for us than by us ; but the country will not tolerate intervention for the maintenance of such a huge and shocking tyranny as that which is driving the Italians to war as the only possible means of getting rid of it . In the mean time we have work for our
military in India . Tho news by the last Calcutta mail has been , for the most part , anticipated , and tho important item of new intelligence which it supplies refers to the appointment of an Enam Commission in tho Madras Presidency . The old King of Delhi , it is stated , is on his way to tho Capo of Good Hope , there to end his days in exile .
Mr . Gladstone ' s mission has given rise to all sorts of false impressions , or perhaps we ought to say , speculations . In tho parly part of tho week , it was stated with apparent confidonco that Mr . Gladstone had boon appointed Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands in the room of Sir John Young ; tho truth of tho matter appears to bo , that Mir Gladstono will aofc in that capacity for a short time , until the arrival of Sir John Young ' s successor , but that he will assuredly bo baok in England in time to take his part in tho groat Reform drama .
As to the chief actors iu tho said " action , " they koop well out of sight , aud utter no word as to tho plot of their forthcoming novelty . TJioy havo dotermiucd to opon" both their Houses on tho 3 rd of February , and tho now piooo will bo produood , it is expected , tolerably early in tho season . Out of doors , whero there ia ft dear stago and little or no
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REV IEW OF THE ' WEEK- * " *«« Home Intelligence . Political Foreshadowings ............. C 8 Gatherings from Law aud Police Courts .... — G-J Criminal Record .. ¦ ' ¦•' Ireland / 0 Accidents and Sudden Deaths t » Naval and Military 70 Miscellaneous 72 Postscript 81 Foreign Intelligence . Continental Notes 70 America 71 Mexico ' *¦ West Coast of Africa ' 1 LITERATURELiterary Chronicle of the Week 73
The History of British Journalism . .. 73 The Application and Language of Science 74 Redmarsh Rectory 7 o The Church and the Masses 76 Lifo in Victoria 77 Poems of Goethe ..... 77 Foreign Gratitude 78 The Book of Job ..... 7 S The Quarterlies 78 Railway Law 79 Frederick the Great and his Merchant ' .... 7 U The Town ; 79 Mildred Norman 79 Japan and her People 79 The Scottish Annual SO Southern Lights and Shadows ... 80 Outlines of English History 80 A Song of Charity 80 JJooks Received SO
PUBLIC AFFAIRSRoyal Speeches—Sardinia and Prussia . 81 Tho ¦ Church in the City 82 Attempted Revival of the Slave Trade in America 82 The Elbe Tolls S 3 Thoughts , Facts , and Suggestions on Parliamentary Reform ... ; .... 83 ^ Biographies of German Princes . S 4 The Times and Lord . Brougham . 85 ORIGINAL CORRESPONDENCEFrance 85 FINE ARTSThe Graphic Society , &c . ......... 86 THEATRES AND ENTERTAINMENTS' The Great Dodd and Cullenford j Controversy ..... 8 G I Haymarket , Princess ' s , &c . 87
INDIAAND INDIAN PROGRESSThe New Year and the Coming Session 88 Oude 88 Notes on Indian Progress 88 India : . 89 Cotton Cultivation in Oude 89 China 89 Japan 89 COMMERCIALProgress of Peaceful Industry ... 90 General Trade Report 90 Railway Intelligence .... 91 Home , Colonial , aud Foreign Produce Markets 91 London Gazette ' . 93 Money Market and Stock Exchange 93 Joint-Stock Companies 93 Bank of England ....:... 93 Shares and Stocks 94
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 15, 1859, page 67, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2277/page/3/
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