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ballot was declared to be perfectly legal by the Council of State , if the electors preferred open voting . But the saddest thing of all was to hear the violation of the principles of the ballot and the gendarming of electors approved of by the Deputies because M . Barpche asserted that " the Iridre ¦ was a department -where hostile opinions , more or less open , were always ready to be manifested / ' so that every" species of persecution is to be authorised towards thbse who may entertain opinions hostile to M . Baroche and his friends . An extraordinary arid which
revelation w as also m ade by M . Picard > , as it could not be contradicted , was not noticed by the Government speakers . It was , that in consequence of the threats and acts under the measure of Public Safety , " ideas of exile and transportation preoccupy the minds of the population , and the masses are convinced that the measure produces a great number of victims . " Wherefore M . Picard asked Government to publish a list of persons affected by the proceedings to secure Public Safety , ^ rhich , of course , will not be done .
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GERMANY . March 2 nd . Diplomacy has been often enough ridiculed , and congresses have become a laughing-stock ; but it is fortunate that wit alone does not guide nations , nor satire influence all statesmen . What would become of Europe if peace '¦ ¦ now- ' depended upon popular feeling , or , as some term it , instinct ? A new generation has arisen that knows pot war ; and , judgirig by the speeches madeinone legislative assembly and another of Germany , all are eager for the exciting game . There really seems to be a desire to ¦ challenge Louis Napoleon out . Whether this warcry is an instinct , or has been the work of Austria , to intimidater France with the show of a united
Germany , it is hard to sa y * But loud as the Germans are in their defiance , they have their eyes fixed iipon England as the guardian of their coasts . England ' s alliance is a necessity for the maintenance of the Confederation hi a war with France . How long , would Prussia , Hanover , Oldenburg ,. Mecklenburg , and the Harisetowns continue members of the Bund with a French fleet off every port , —If riot in every port ? It is the general opinion in Germany that England has always been , arid always must ; be , the natural enemy Of France , and upon this they reckon ;¦ but although Germany Is undoubtedly England ' s most certain and natural ally , they cannot tell us what
England has to gain by a war with France just now ! The latter has neither colonies to conquer nor merchant vessels to capture : England has taken all the ha ' pence of France , and now can only expect kicks—be they Lard or gentle , nothing but kicks—and the worst kick of all would be the loss of . our seamen ; for , as our carrying trade would quietly bo transferred ' to the . neutral powers , who —arid : more especially the Americans—would be enabled thereby to offer such a rate of wages as would decoy almost every merchant sailor from our ports , England occupies now such an extra- ? ordinary position that she niust have a war with all or war with none . Franco , on the other hand , has
everything to gain , and little to lose by war ; and well she knows that without England the Germanic Confederation would split on the first cannon shot . This is , however , far from being , the opinion of , the people or the press of the southern and central parts of Germany . All havq faith in the adhesive properties of the Bund , and fancy a war with France would make a united and , finally , a happy family of all the German States - —r therefore , the bold speeches in Han over , in Munich , and elsewhere . Besides the war discussion , thb . Prussian Marriagp Act , as projected by the Ministers , is the only matter of public interest . This is the flrdt measure of importance that the new ministry nave brought forward . It is regarded as a token that they have resolved to follow quite another path to that of their predecessors , at least our very eancuino liberals
view it in that light , but I think it is a measure of sheer necessity and nothing more . The old marriage law , independent of ecclesiastical jealousy or tyranny , had become quite useless for good , rotaining At the snmo time groat powers for ovil , from the facility with which marriages could bo contracted in other countries . I mentioned , in a former letter , t « hat in some parts of Germany men were not permitted to marry unless thoy possessed a certain sum of money , or amount of property , or were twontyflvo years of age ; the consequence was , and still is , that instead of marriago the poorer qlaseoa remained entisflcd with a betrothal , and ? ' Main Urautigam" was found to answer quite as well as " Main Mann . " A few years ago , if ji couple wanted to got married , and woro not permitted by their laws , or rather by their presumptuous authorities , to do so , thoy could walk quietly off to tho ofllco of the Amcripan consul , tloolaro their intention of
emigrating to the United States , and have the ceremony performed with more form and almost as much solemnity as by their own clergyman . This was at any rate the case at one seaport , and I suppose it was the same at others . The ? local authorities , jealous , perhaps , of the fees-that the consul bagged by these wedlock transactions , made representation at Washington , and the consul was prohibited from marrying any more . The marriage laws of Germany are only a means of crushing all manly feeling out of the people ; for as to keeping down population and preventing poverty thereby , the idea is as absurd as it is execrable . This projected Prussian law is , however * not only of importance in a social point of view . It will affect the relations which at present exist between the Church and State in Prussia . The Prussian Constitution insures to the Romish and
Evangelical churches their independence , and the regulation of their own affairs ¦; but , notwithstanding , the church was looked upon by the Government as a branch of the Civil Service , and treated as such . The late Ministry freed her from the influence of the Minister of Culture , who had come to be regarded as the head of the Church , and the connexion between Church and State was thus done away with . But it soon become apparent that the Church was making an anti-social use of her liberty , more especially in marriages , in which she Was allowed to be sole arbitress , as regarded their propriety and validity . Marriages were refused as whim or conscience dictated , and the State , was powerless . The projected law will reiriove this evil . The religious rite will still be the rule , and the civil cerenaoriy will only be tolerated when the Church refuses to perform the ceremony , or when a couple have particular reasons for not requiring it .
Notwithstanding your deprecation of further allusion to the " Bradford Address , " I hope you will allow the following extract from the Weser Zetlung of Saturday January 29 th , 1859 , to appear : —" Itzehoe , 27 Januar . Bei Beginn der heutigen Sitzung zeigte der President an dass wiederum eine Reihe von Petitiorien eingegangen seien . Es befinden sich darunter . Eine adresse aus Yorkshire in . England , dass die Sache Schleswigs nicht ausschliesslicli in die Hand des Deutscheri Bundes gelegt werden moge ( allgemeine heiterkeif ) . " At the opening of this day ' s session , the President announced another batch of petitions . Among them an address'from Torkshirej in England , praying that the cause of Schleswig might not be left exclusively in the hands of the German
Confederation . ' The citizens of Germany who reside abroad may find the foregoing in the morning edition of the Weser Zeituiig of January 29 th . This paper bears a high character , and is widely circulated among the citizens of Germany who reside in the territories of Bremen , Hamburgh , Hanovar , Oldenburg , Brunswick , arid neighbouring States .
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MANNING THE NAVY . TO TUB EDITOR OJP " THE IEA . DEK . " Sxn , —I have read wjth pleasure your remarks on " Manning the Navy , " in The Leaped of the 26 th ult ., and although it maybe considered presumption in a sailor to reply thereto , I cannot resist the temptation to drop you a line on the subject . There aro well-known , difficulties in tho way Of getting good men for her Majesty ' s service , the whole of which aro attributable to the overbearing treatment towards the men by the highest officers . I could enumerate no end of instances . Me thinks , sir , if you cou , ld get to see the ship ' s books Of the Samarang , Campordown , and the Queen , whilst those ships had a certain captain whoso name J could communicate , you would wonder what it all meant by the number of R . ' b placed against tho names of sailors that had bolted . But , air , " bad treatment" was the cause ; and should these remarks cross the observation of certain naval men , they will well remember to what I allude , as woll as the mutiny , and its origin , that broke out on board her Majesty ' s ship Queen about'nine o ' clock at night—during the timo that this same captain had chargo of hor—whilst in Portsmouth Harbour ,
about which , I dare say , the Government of that day never heard one word . It is aonrcely necessary to enter into these details , as it is too woll known that when certain captains' names , appear posted on the walls' of our various soaport towns , wanting men—mont and good men , too , run to serve them , because thoy know , by experience and report , their man ; whereas , on tho other aide of the question there aro othora who are compelled to work their ahlpa mostly by •* supernumerary marines , " because , on account of their bad name , thoy cannot got ruon to ontor for their shlpa . I havo known tho Gypsy cutter to bo sonfc from Portsmouth to Plymouth to ftitbU two won , which faot of itaolf will epoak wonders of what a man ( I bog partlon ) a
cuptain will do when hard up . Then ; as to flogging Why are men to be put to the gratings at the whim of a tyrant captain ? why are they not tried as men 9 It may be argued , that a captain cannot flog when lie pleases , but must first get the admiral ' s permission . Can't he ? There is such ! a thing as foggy weather , and ships parting corhpany and losing sight of each other ! Then is the time t o learn what a captain can do . There is a means of flogging a man at a moment ' s notice ; for instance , bring his offence under the Mutiny Act—ami what offence is it possible for a sailor to commit board-ship that will riot rank under that fearful law ?—which requires no notice for punishment . Then again , when punishment is going on , why summon every soul in theship to witness a shipmate ' s degradation ? It was that
very circumstance alone that disgusted myself with the service , and I did not rest until I got out of it ; and are there not thousands with the same feelings as myself ? The mess arrangements require revising ( certainly the new rule of serving out grog only once a day , instead of twice , is a good one ) , but there are many alterations required , both in the victualling as well as mess regulations , which I fear to enlarge upon , least you think me troublesome . Lastly , let men be treated kindly ; let their pay approximate a little nearer the merchant service rate . Don't permit the slop account to swallow up nearly all a sailor ' s wages ( for it is that which leads to so mueh thieving board-ship ) , and when in harbour , give them a little more liberty ; arid Jack , with all his faults , might be reformed and the State benefited . II . V . .
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A pleasant hour or two may be passed at the Gallery beside the Haymarket Theatre , where the Society of Female Artists have opened their third exhibition . We have been hindered—not that we love the ladies and their works less , but that the demands of heavier matter have been more imperative—i » our wish to notice it sooner ; and we regret that we can now find room for but flying remarks , or a few among the interesting works that grace the walla . None will deny the palm to Miss Margaret Gillies , whose " Vivia . Perpetua" impresses the mind as well as the eye . The fine figure and beauteous upturned face of the praying captive , lit up by a strong ray of light through her prison bars , are beautifully conceived and drawn ; anil the drawing and colouring ¦
leave nothing to be desired . . ; Mrs . Elizabeth Murray , an admirable colounst , exhibits five works of self-asserting vigour . Her " Pifferari , " playing ( as usual ) before a shrine , and her " Goatherd of the Campagna , " are so dashingand forcible everywhere but in the far too feminine faces , that the high finish of the latter seems inconsonant . On the other hand , this lady ' s "Outcast , " a study of a man ' s head , is powerfully drawn , but his coiffure , matted to excess , is far too rugged . Mrs , E . Dundas Murray , the fair and zealous secretary , shows an excellent eye and feeling for nature in her principal work , " Holy Island during and turrets of the
the Herring Season . " The peaks distant islet we cleverly tinted , but not warmed , with tho cold ray of early morning . ¦ Crested breakers shiver naturally on the foreground beacn . Fishing boats , each with its group of busy lianas , sway listlessly " laying-to , " or cross and recrosa one another in all directions , yet impelled by tuo same wind , in that admired and picturesque disorder which puzzlos tho landsman , and wliicli tho artist must have studied often and carefully to lmvo reproduced so successfully . Tho samo lady ' s " Hamborough . Castle" is a nicely composed , airy , » na harmoniously coloured landscape , but- must bo seen wiu
at . a fair and proper focal length , not py-erod , as is tho futo of many a meritorious , and , thcretoro , unappreciated work , on " private view " dnys . t . Miss Louisa Iiayner has aomo very promising pastels of pld stonework , of which tho Uhristclnircu Gatoway , at Canterbury , is tho most "" f ^ w ; « - Misa Florence l ' eel exhibits a elnguluv bt »« J from Nature . " She has taken a hint irom ^ - Ruskin , and profossos that tho atudy U an o ^ P " ' mont whothor , while working chiolly witltu view to detail , it ia absolutely noccasary , as frequently aasortoa , to lose sight of general offljet . " Tlio " < ltlU * objects depicted aro , a piece of limestone , or wuuuiej " worn quartz—we can hardly toll which , —u <«» ' « . »* flowers and ivy loavea , a tuft or two of grass , anu . a bnnrih of dniBioa . nainted iust as they might bo posou
by Nature herself . The enterprising artist has Doo > suooo 88 ful in her dolioate and tasteful copy of m vegetable productions , b . ^ t the ° genorul cIIucL w marrod by the slmpeloae lump of nondoaoript inuwnw round which tUoy aro grouped . . Miss Blake hns a inoi'ltorlous eceno , J » lU 0
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30 * .. ' ' , ¦¦ " THE LEABEE . [ JSTo . 4 g 7 > March 5 , 1859 .
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Leader (1850-1860), March 5, 1859, page 308, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2284/page/20/
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