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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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President Buchanan sent an important Message to Congress on the 18 thv calling upon them to give him ¦ powers , to use'the army and navy to protect American citizens and property on the Isthmus transit . routes : The following are the most important parts of the Message : —r , . ^ . ^ ; ^ ¦ : J" ¦ - "In my anniial Messages , both . of December , 1857 , and December , 1858 , I state that the Executive Government of this country , in its intercourse with foreign nations , is limited to the employment of diplomacy alone . Where this fails it can proceed no further . It cannot legitimately resort to force without the direct authority of Congress , except in resisting and repelling hostile attacks .
"It would hare no authority to enter the territories of Nicaragua even to prevent the destruction of the transit , and protect the lives and property of our own citizens oil their passage . It is true that on a sudden emergency of this character the President would direct any armed force in the vicinity to march to their relief , but , in . doing this , he would act upon his own responsibility . v " Under these , circumstances , I earnestly recommended to Congress the passing of an act authorising the President , under such restrictions as they may
deem proper , to employ the land and naval forces of the United States in preventing the transit from being obstructed or closed by lawless violence , and in protecting the lives and property , of American citizens travelling thereupon , requiring at the same time that these forces shall be withdrawn the moment the danger shall have passed away . "Without such a provision , bur citizens will be constantly exposed to interference ! in their progress and to lawless violence . A similar necessity exists for the passing of such an act for the protection of the Panama and Tehuantepec routes .
: " Another subject equally important commanded the attention of the Senate at the last session of Congress . The republics ^ south of the United States on this continent have , unfortunately , been in a state of revolution arid civil war ever since they achieved their independence . As one or the other party lias prevailed and obtained possession of their ports open to foreign , commerce , they have seized and confiscated American , vessels and . their cargoes in an arbitrary and lawless . manner , and exacted money from American citizens by forced loans ; and other violent proceedings , to enable-them to carry on hostilities .- The Executive Government of Great Britain , France , and other , countries , possessing the
war-making power ,-can promptly employ the necessary means to enforce immediate redress for similar Outrages upon their subjects . Not so the Executive Government of the United States . If the President orders a vessel of , war to any of these ports to demand prompt redress for outrages committed , the offending parties are well aware that in case of refusal the commander could do no more than remonstrate . He can resort to no hostile act . The question mast then be referred to diplomacy , and in many cases adequate redress can never be obtained ¦—thus American citizens are deprived of the same protection under the flag pf their country which the subjects of other nations enjoy .
" I , therefore , earnestly . recomrnend to . Congress , on ¦ whom the responsibility exclusively rests , to pass a la ^ v befor e their adjournment , conferring oh the President ; the power to protect the lives and property of American citizens in the cases which I have indicated , under such restrictions and conditions as they may deem advisable . " The Message was debated in the Senate , but no action taken in reference to it . A despatch from . Washington announces that information had been received by the Government of the intention of England to carry out the provisions of the Clnyton-Bulwer Treaty in accordance with the American views of . theft ? requirements . On the 17 th February ft grand ball was given at Washington in honour of Lord Napier , who was about to leave for England , ; 1 , 200 persons were present .
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STEAM NAVIES IN CONTINENTAL WARS . The article entitled "La Marine a Yapeiir dans les Guerres Continentales , " which has just appeared VV the Revue fles Deiix McrndeS , with the signature of "M , V ; de Mars , " is attributed ^ to the Prince de Joinville , and" is a very able production . The writer commences with a general view of the services rendered by the steam navies of England and France during the Crimean war . He next proceeds to examine what would liave been the use of a French fleet in a war with Austria before the introduction of steam . Trieste and Ragusa might have been blockaded , a few thousand tons of sugar would have had to be sent a roundabout way into Austria at a large expense , and the Austrian Lloyds would have been obliged to suspend its lines of packet-boats : that would have been about the whole amount of mischief
done to Austria by a fleet . But how stands the case now ? France has transformed most of her sailing vessels into screw steamers ; her pldfrigates have been turned into steam transports , and their exists a flotilla of screw corvettes which can aid materially in carrying men , horses , and stores . The author now supposes 60 , 000 men to be embai'ked with a full complement of horses , and this large force to be hovering on the enemy ' s coast . What can the latter do ? How can he foresee where this force is likely to land ? Shall he concentrate his forces on tho most probable point ? The French may select another , and then this concentration is useless . Or , eleo , sliiill he detach an army strong enough to boat 5 OJ 0 O 0 Frenchmen to each of the menaced points ? No European Power is " in a condition to do that . The writer passes under review the different Powers with which France might tun
possibly have to contend in her present state pt equipment , Prussia and Austria nro dismissed at once as unable to copo with the navy of Franco . Russia , it is stated , is in the same case at present . As regards England , tho author devotes many pages to this first-rate maritimo Power , Vy no moans underrating all the advantages sho possesses , but remarking at tho same timo that tho introduction ot steam into warfare tends to deprive maritime wars of their naval character , ami to give them ft military ono , so that tho navies of cUflbront nations wil soon bo organised on a unJftirm i > lan . -England ia wol aware of this , sineo slio is about to create a permanent Channel fleet , ¦ nml to oxtond tho number of hop coast volunteers and continuous service men . If the Continental Powers rowlvo upon arming thoir fleets rtn n . military ulan . England must give up her old
ti-aditipne and follow thoir example Now , m ft conn tinontal war there ' are two cases poflsiblo- ^ bitho ^ flnffland is tho alljC" of ono or more mrtYitinio Powers , and then tho weight of hor alliance is doclslvo ; or
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No . 467 , March 5 , 1859-1 : THE LEADE B , ¦ 297 ¦ ¦ ¦ - = —^ —* - ^^—^——¦ —^—^^—^—^^ m ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ s ¦ __ . i . . . . ... - . ' ' ¦ ' ¦ - . r - .. . ' ¦' - , ¦ ¦¦ ¦ .- ¦ .
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' ' . '¦ ¦ '¦' * BRAZIL . ' - . By the Tamar , which arrived at Lisbon on the 28 th ult . we have news from Rio to the 7 th int . There is no political news . The minister and the fleet of the United States have left Montevideo for Paraguay . The President , Lopez , has accepted the mediation of the Brazilian government . M . Urquiza , accompanied by Guido , has departec for Paraguay , whither the ministers of France and Sardinia had also gone . The Jesuits have been expelled from Montevideo .
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MEXICO . We have advices from Vera Cruz to the 9 th ult . Zuloaga abdicated in favour of Miramon on the 2 nd ult ., when tho latter was installed as President . Miramon lmd re-arrested the political prisoners liberated \> y Robles , and dismissed all tho officers engaged in deposing Zuloaga . Ho had also suppressed tho fbrcpd loan of 1 , 000 , 000 ordered by Roblqs . Miramon was about to march on Vora Cruz with a force of 5 , 000 men , Zuloaga acting as President ad interim . Tho brother of Miramon had been defeated at Zacatecas .
Dogollado was threatening 1 tho capital with a force , of 4 , 000 reorganised troops . Tho capture of Ma-Zfttlan by the Liberals is confirmed . Tho comwanders of tho French and English fleets had sue ceeded in enforcing thoir demand at Vora Cruz . The wgn system of dutlos was to bo restored forthwith , ana two-thirds of the revenue scoured to England
and France . The American Consul had promptly acted against this interference , and Juarez was greatly embarrassed by it . The merchants had protested Against the decree , and begged Juarez to annul it . Juarez threw the responsibility of it on the Anglo-French Governments .
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SOUTH AMERICAN STATES . By the arrival at Southampton of the Atrato , we have files of the Panama Star and flerald to the 8 th of February . ¦
. ' - CHILI . The revolution in Chili continued to spread , and had entirely paralysed business . The revolution ^ ists have taken possession of Cop iapo , the Government were obliged to declare the port of Caldera blockaded , and the whole Republic , except Chiloe and Valdivia , was under martial law . Little intelligence can be gleaned from the Chili newspapers , but , from whatcan be learned from private sources , the revolution was likely to be general throughout the country , and " to lead to much Bloodsheds The ruins of the late ; conflagration at Valparaiso were being cleared away gradually , and . improvements were going forward . ¦ ¦ . . ' ¦ . ¦'¦¦ ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦ URUGTJAT . . '¦ . ¦¦' .
The greaterpart of the American fleet had arrived at Montevideo , in which port they were placed in quarantine , on account of having touched at Rio Janeiro .
PERU . Dissatisfaction is spreading , and every day tends more to endanger the government of Castilla . We are likely very soon to hear of a general outbreak . The French minister at Lima , pn account of the arbitrary imprisonment of a French subject , M . Pablo Durbim , has hauled down his flag and withdrawn the ministerial arms from his door , and gone on board the frigate Androm 6 de , lying in the bay of Callao . The doors and windows which created such n , row have at length been landed and taken to Lima and Chorilla . Don Jesus ' Elias ; son of Don Domingo , was imprisoned , but afterwards released on condition that he would leave the country ,.
BOLIVIA . Bolivia is in a very disturbed state . General Cordova had advanced with a force on La Paz , and President Linares had retired to Cochabainlia with his army . ECUADOR . Ecuador was getting more deeply involved with Peru , the squadron of the latter country ha \ ing left Puna and anchored in front of the city of Guayaquil , with the intention , doubtless , of bombarding , should the slightest affront bo offered , to which effect , tho commander of the fleet had notified tho governor of tho town .
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VENEZUELA . Advices from Venezuela to January 8 , received at Havahnah , state that the new constitution had received the sanction of the Executive . The Convention had under deliberation two bills , one granting General Castro a life pension of 3 , 000 dollars yearly , and the other the title of eminent citizen , with the pay of 3 , 600 dollars and a present of a sword . The nomination of General Castro as President of the Republic until the next election was also ratified . The country is represented as somewhat disorganised owing to the machinations of Monagas and others .
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SANDWICH ISLANDS . A TEnTHFio storm passed over tho islands on tho 19 th of December , during which a deluge of rain fell , completely flooding the country . In Nuuanu most of tho dwellings wore submerged , and many bridges swept away . Tho French have made an official announcement of thoir assumption of sovereignty over CHpporton Island . Tho island is small , but covered with guano .
WEST INDIES . Tho Atrato arrlvod at Southampton on Thursday with tho West India mails . Hor news from Jamaica is to tho 11 th February . JAMAICA . The news is very unimportant . Tho Executive Committee wore engaged in making arrangements for carrying into effect the provision in ado last session ,, for establishing steam communication between tho island and tho Unltod States , This
communication was calculated on as tending in a very material degree to increase the trade of the colony . BABBADOES . . The House , of Assembly met on the 8 th , but no business of importance was transacted . The market continued over-stocked with breadstuffs , and no prospect of higher rates ; a little produce of the newcrop was coming into market , but in small ; quantities . The crop was generally expected to commence throughout the island this month .
DEMEEAKA , The Court of Policy had a meeting on the 4 th ult ., at which the bill to encourage immigration from China was read and passed . The provisions of this ordinance refer chiefly to the introduction of female Chinese . In some of the country districts of . Demerara the heavy rains have partially injured the cane plants , and destroyed the provisions of the farmers .
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CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . The Athens arrived at Plymouth on Sunday with news from the Cape to the 21 st January . The trade of the colony Continues prosperous . The election for the House of Assembly at . Cape Town terminated in favour of J . D , Thompson , S . Solomon , M . J . Louir , and P . J . Kotze . Arrangements are nearly completed for commencing the railroad from Cape Town to Wellington . The Government selection of Fort Knokke as a terminus being objected to , another survey was . be made . ¦ ¦ ¦ . , ' ' , ... ; , Great dissatisfaction is expressed at the inactivity of the Cape immigration commissioners in England . The Free State is peaceful .
British Caffraria is being gradually settled down by farmers from the eastern districts and German immigrants . A bitter quarrel of two years' duration between the Council and the Governor of Natal has come to a crisiSi The Council refused to pass the estimates , and was dissolved . The Governor is accused of being too lenient to the natives , and the colonists of being tyrannical . _ , The 59 th Regiment , from China " , arrived at lable Bay pn the 17 th of January , its numerical strength on landing being 6 IS ; more than 150 being sick ; 20 died on board from . dysen ; tery .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 5, 1859, page 297, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2284/page/9/
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