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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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SUBSCRIPTION TO "THE LEADER . " ONE GUINEA PER YEAR , [ UNSTAMPED , rREPATD . ( Delivered Gratis ) . ^^^^_
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advice , become a province of Russia or of France , nor , on the other hand , will the possession of Armstrong grins and Whitworth rifles create a rage for bombardments or a thirst for assaults . The new House of Commons will , as a body , set aside these crotchets , so far as they relate to our naval and military arrangements ; but great Care must be taken to prevent their playing into the hands of the Whi ^ and Tory enemies of reform . By all means let Messrs . Bright , Cobden , and Gibson lead whenever they are fit for such a position , but the Liberal members will fail in their duty if they permit all concert to drop when such leadership becomes impossible or absurd .
We are glad to find town after town pronouncing its verdict in favour of neutrality , because we know that some of the Tories speculate upon the political capital they could make out of a European war , and we cannot forget that we have a Chancellor of the Exchequer who calls our JSJational Debt a " flea-bite , " seems not disinclined to play the part of that domestic irritant , by biting us again . It is not long since the folly of the independent members upon the China question made Lord Pahnerston the hero of the occasion , and gave
us the worst Parliament known for many years . We do not want any renewal of this conduct , and we trust that reasonable men will not allow the present war , or any question relating to it , to be the means of obstructing reform . We do not agree with the Manchester school in regretting that Lord Palmerstbn has not gone over to the Tory camp , but we shall be very happy to see them , or any one else , keep his lordship ' s foreign and domestic policy in wholesome check . This will be the more necessary , as there is a rumour that the Tories contemplate accepting a defeat from him , on condition of his helping them to shelve the question of Parliamentary Reform . /
For some purposes , and on some occasions , the Liberals , as a body , would follow Lord John Russell ; but unhappily the Whig chief is an icy , ungenial leader who has never managed , because he has never -wished , to throw aside the narrowness of an aristocratic caste , and seek addition to his ranks by inviting the co-operation of able - and , honest men of other classes , upon anything like equal and honourable terms . Such conduct is only compatible with a very precarious hold over a numerous portion of the House of Commons , and has greatly increased the number of members who are
"inde-— w ENGLISH PARTIES AND TACTICS . We do not remember any Parliament in which the duties of independent Liberal members have been more arduous , or their opportunities more important , than will be those of the House that in a few weeks will be assembled together . We believe the Tory organs grossly exaggerate the differences of the Liberal party , but they are , unfortunately , sufficient to give considerable hope to the advocates of misrule . Upon the strength of its Austrian leanings , the Derby Cabinet expects the sympathy of the Roman Catholic members , and it relies on turning to account the envenomed hostility between the Palmerstonians and the Manchester ; school .
pendent , " not because they possess more knowledge or a higher moral character than the average , but because they happen to live outside the social circles and family interests of the Lansdownes , Greys , and Russells , who show themselves less anxious to advance principles than to maintain a clique . Various efforts have been made to bring these "independent" members into something like order and cohesion , and they have failed , because no one of their number has exhibited the combination of qualities necessary for the leader of so heterogeneous a mass . It has been the custom to
accuse the Manchester school of having sp lit up the Liberal party ; but surely it was the fault of the party , rather than of the school , that hundreds of gentlemen from various districts were obliged to give up the hope of combination because they could not effect it under Mr . Cobdon or Mr . Bright , This strange dependence upon the Manchester school is not lost sight of by the Tories , and they ore fortunate in the occurrence of a war , which may enable them to turn it to exce llent account . Go where you will , the feeling , of the
country is in favour of suitable armaments and popular means of defence — not for purposes of aggression , but na necessary aids to the preservation of our neutrality ; and yet every day the , organ of the Manchester school deplores the activity displayed in our arsenals and dockyards , and declares our naval and military preparations to be more dangerous to ourselves than any schemes or forces that foreign potentates may cherish or possess . Their cry is , that if we have arms we shall want to use them , and that Englishmen are only peaceable when destitute of the means of offence . The Peaoe-at-juvyvprice party moke a great mistake in supposing their countrymen to be as quarrelsome as themselves . The English nation will not , by acting upon their
Sir James Graham is unusually active , and has made another speech at a dinner celebrating the return of the Liberal candidates for Carlisle and East Cumberland . He sums up the position of the Cabinet with reference to the war pretty much in our own words—" either that they have been grossly deceived , or that they have attempted to deceive us . " He regrets that in this " advanced state of civilisation " the passions of three or foiir men—uncontrolled by popular assemblies , uncontrolled by a free press—from mere wantonness , should involve the civilised world in such a war as
is now talcing place . " . . Now , although we protest against the doctrines of Mr . Buckle , who represents individuals as of no consequence , except as carrying out plans that the general state of society has rendered inevitable , we cannot , with Sir James Graham , throw all the blame of this war upon three or four men . English Cabinets and Parliaments did very much to exalt the French Emperor , and give him that power of disturbance which he is now beginning to exercise . English Cabinets and Parliaments did much to place the Sardinian monarch in a position that ambitious desi f
encouraged him to cherish gns o territorial aggrandisement ; and English Cabinets and Parliaments did very much to sustain Austria as an intolerable tyranny , sure to be a constant source of danger to European peace . Let the new Parliament be clear from some of the vices of the last , and not tolerate that adulation of despots , and that congratulation upon the success of their plans of iniquity which former Parliaments have connived at , and which future historians will not fail to reckon in summing up the causes that enabled " three or four men " to wield the scourge of war .
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May carried the Bridge of Lodi , and ^ said , felt , for the first time , that he was destined to be a great actor in the world ' s drama . In a brief period the young republican general successively defeated Beaulieu , Wurmser , and Alvinzi , and raised himself to a level with the . greatest commanders , at an age when few soldiers had -passed the rank of lieutenant . In . 1800 he effected his famous passage of the Alps , and on the 14 th June in that year nearly lost the great battle of Marengo , when the opportune arrival of Desaix and Kellerman changed the defeat into a victory that placed the whole of Italy at his command . In those days the King of Sardinia was the
ally of the Austrians ; now , the new Bonaparte has the advantage of Sardinian aid . In other respects , matters are greatly changed , and an invader of Austrian Italy cannot expect a repetition of the vacillation and blunders on the part of the enemy which contributed , almost as much as his own skill , to the first Napoleon ' s success . The Austrian army is greatly improved , the fortresses strengthened , and the lessons of previous campaigns diligently studied . These are circumstanees ° which make the position of Louis Bonaparte less advantageous than that of his uncle but , on the other hand , there is no European comhas other
bination banded against him ; France no ^ quarrel upon her hands ; and by the neutrality of England , and the consent of Russia , she has uninterrupted command of the sea . Napoleon IH enters the field surrounded by generals more than equal in reputation to any that the Austrians can oppose ; and nothing can reconcile the French people to the new fact , that " The Empire is war , " except a repetition of actions as brilliant as those which gave their most valued names to the bridges , squares , and streets of Paris . . m The Austrians appear to have had their plans deranged by torrents of rain and overflow of rivers ; but it ° is evident that , in their rapid advance into Sardinian territories , they reckoned upon delays in the arrival of the' French troops which
fortunately did not take place . Count Gyulai was affirmed to have the brutality of Haynau without the skill of Radetzky ; and by the merciless plunder of the Piedmontese , and his threats to the inhabitants of Piacenza , he has placed the first part of the : proposition beyond dispute . In a recent proclamatipn ^ he tells the people of Piacenza that " a ProvostMarshal ' sCourt is organised , and only applies one punishment—that of death ! " This extreme penalty is to be inflicted upon all who are found in possession of arms or ammunition of any kind , and upon all who take part in assemblages , whether unarmed or armed ! A more atrocious document was never issued , nor one more calculated to force the Italians to forget the risk they run , and throw themselves heart and soul into the Bonapartist and
Sardinian cause . The military position of Austria in Italy is remarkable for the extent of country she has undertaken to defend ; and a variety of speculations have been rife as to her object in reinforcing the garrison of Ancona , on the coast of the Adriatic , in the Papal States . Without the consent of the Pope , the Austrians declared this town in a state of siege , and p ut out the light necessary to guide ships in its vicinity . These measures , it is stud , have been abandoned in consequence of energetic remonstrances ; but while Austria , maintains a garrison there , so far away from her main lino of defence , it will look as if she hoped to obtain the aid of a German army , assisted by a naval power .
The sympathy of the Derby Cabinet with the Austrians has excited just alarm both here and on the Continent ; and if we do not accept as true all the rumours that are afloat , we want bettor assurance than has yet been obtained that a strict neutrality will be preserved . When ifc is one day asserted that an English fleet is ordered to the Adriatic , and on another day we are told that our Cabinet has gone out of its way to remonstrate against sending French troops by thei Mont Cents Railway , although the Swiss admit the right of France and Sardinia to adopt such a course , we see enough to necessitate very strong declarations of opinion in order to keep the ministers to their duty until Parliament meete , when decisive measures may be taken , and the leading principles «?¦ mn » inn * noliov clearly laid down . It is
satw-THE " NEPHEW" IN ITALY . Napoleon III . has issued his first proclamation on fields renowned for the military glory of Napoleon I . Ho may run some risk from the balls of the enemy , and possibly Z > a Marianne may point a musket from the ranks of his own troops ; but his greatest perils and his chiefest hopes spring from the fame Of his uncle , which still blazes upon the Italian soil . It ia easy to buy a grey coat and three-cornered hat , and boots like is unolo , but will the military genius come at his bidding P and will the star of fortune shine propitiouslly upon his first fields of war P On the 26 th March , 1796 , the First , perhaps the only , Napoleon reached the head-quarters at Nice , and , taking the command of the army of Italy , rapidly drove the Auatriahs out of the territories of Genoa and Piedmont , and on the 10 th
factory to learn that at present Austrian intrigues to inveigle Germany into her quarrel have failed { and if we could bo euro that English flooret diplomacy would be kept out of misohief , wo
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SATURDAY , MAY 14 , 1859 .
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ikere is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep thing-s fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creation in eternal progress . —Dk . Arnold .
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OFFICE , NO . , CATHERINE-STREET , STRAND , W . C .,
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as he *^ . W M . v 14 . 185 Q . THE LKADEB . 621
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Leader (1850-1860), May 14, 1859, page 621, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2294/page/17/
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