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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Austrian army . It is dated Mortara , 24 th May * and menaces with the severest penalties of war all persons who do not immediately announce the pretence in their communes of French or Sardinian soldiers , in or out of uniform , of spies , or agents , &c . The most cruel part is where , for the neglect of a single individual in giying immediate information , the whole commune to which he belongs is to be visited with the same terrible penalty . The communes are , moreover , ordered to publish this proclamation "in all the churches , in the pulpit , and by means of the clergy , as also by all other , means that may be more convenient . " &c . liieso are barbarous measures .
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Garibaldi ' s proclamation to the . Lombards-denounces the'Austrian's in the terms to be expected from him . He calls upon all true Italians to . rally round the standard of Victor Emmanuel , " chosen by the national will as our supreme . chief ; " declares that he who does not aid the cause is a traitor to his country ; but sxys not one word about Loxiis Napoleon or the French army . ¦ Como has declared its adhesion to the King of Sardinia , and tlie population . of the surrounding country is hastening ' to- put itself under Garibaldi ' s flag . . . . . '
PROGRESS OF GARIBALDI . The reports with regard to this gallant free captain are very contradictory , but we fear that he has sustained a severe repulse . On Saturday lie arrived in Como , which town immediately pronounced in favour of Italian independence , and was illuminated to celebrate the arrival of the volunteers . Garibaldi , on Saturday , was in possession of Camerlato and liecco , south of Como , where the Austrian corps of observation had been stationed the day before , so that this corps seems to be in full retreat upon Milan . The Valteline has risen ' in arms against Austria , and numerous volunteers from that pla . ee have joined the insurrectionary force , and have taken possession of the Austrian steamers which perform the regular service on the Lake of Como .
The next account we received was that this brave man had received a check from the Austrians under General Urban , and that he had been forced to retire into the canton Tessin . On Monday he was before the fort of ' L'avenp , ~ oh . the Lftgo Maggiore . This is the " place where the Austrian steamers ' on that lake are harboured and fi-fcted out . He appears to have continued besieging Laveno in the course of Tuesday , the attack lasting all day , and it was even continued at night , but n _> result can as yet be reported . This movement is unmistakeably a retreat . The Sardinian forces despatched to extricate him , commanded by General Cialdiui , stationed at Vercelli , are represented as having been intercepted by the Austrians .
. The news from Como is that Varese is again in the hands of the Austrians tinder General Urban ' s command . Garibaldi seems to have retreated before their superior force without another battle . A telegram , wliieh the Moniteur has received , with tho Turin date of Wednesday , states that the whole of the Valteline is in revolt ; and we have still later . intimation stating that the Sub-Governor of Sondrio , the town where the insurgents seem to have made their head-quarters , had tied into tho Tyrol , escorted by soldiers , and carrying the public treasure with him . .
Upon arriving at every place Garibaldi takes possession of it in the name of the King of Surdinia , whose sovereignty ho proclaims . He then barricades it , establishes an office for the enrolment of volunteers , forms a national guard , instills in office a royal commissioner , leads , away all those propared at once to follow him , and starts ofFagnin . Ho entered Lombardy with 8 , 500 men , and four pioees of artillery . Now he has 6 , 000 mon , nnd , it is said , a well-filled military chest .
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VENICE ) AND THE ADRIATIC . A i-ETXEit from the Adriatic states that Admiral Jurien do LngravuVe had made as many as soventeen captures down to May 20 . One of his prizes is a fine three-masted vessel from Trieste , the Santa-Trinitft . The recently instituted council of prizes will shortly sit to , judge of tho validity of these captures . The Municipality of Vonlco lias requested a reduction of tho loan . The President and Vico-President of the Chamber -of Commerce have resigned their official positions , as has also tho Podesta Marcello . A telegram from Venice , in the beginning of the week , stated that hostilities had begun , and that the Lido forts were cannonnading tho French squadron , ___^_ -
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FWANCIS JOSEPH . Thej Emperor of Austria loft Vienna for tho seat of war on Sunday , amidst the cheers of tho populace . He was accompanied by Marshal Hose and Count Gruune .
Paris News . —The Empress appears in perfect health and spirits , and is well received when she appears . in public . The opening of the church in the Rue d'Aguesseau is a great event for the English world in Paris , and one which has been received with the most general satisfaction . The incumbent , Mr . Forbes , is said to be for once the right man in the right i ? lace . He comes direct from the Isle of Man , where lie has been incumbent of St . George ' s , Douglas , for eleven years . Tie has been accustomed to speak plainly to congregations of plain people , and the wholesome truths thus conveyed to the artificial society of Paris may be expected to be sown for future benefit .
The French people are growing tired of a slow war , and the French ouvriers are getting clamorous for more public money ; so , in spite of the fact that barracks and many other public works have been at a stand-still for some time , because it was not convenient to find the means for defraying the cost of their completion , it is actually rumoured that the Tuileries is to be rebuilt , and that positive orders have been given for the demolition to commence on
the 15 th of the present month . New squares , planted with trees , for the recreation of the peopleadmirable in themselves—are projected for every part of the city and outskirts not already supplied with them ; and lastly , it is announced that the Hotel de Ville is to be reconstructed ! The ouvriers must eat and drink , and they like to dance ; but will the bourgoisic choose to pay the piper much longer ? Certainly not , if many more loans have to be asked for in . the name of Italian independence , grafted on French tyranny . ;
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PRUSSIAN FINANCES AND POLICY" . A Govkhxmknt announcement was made on "Wednesday , stating the conditions under which the officially ordered new Prussian . Loan at 5 percent , is to be issued . The issue is to be made in coupons of fi-om 50 to 1 , 00 . 0 thaler . v the payment of the interest to be half-yearly , and the redemption of the debt to . commence from 1863 by the payment of 1 per cent , per annum . No redaction of the interest is to . take place before 1 S 70 ; the sjibscripton to be xeeeived from the 6 th to the 11 th of June . In case the subscription should exceed 30 , 000 ^ 000 tlialers those above 250 thalers are to be proportionately allotted On subscription a deposit . of 10 per cent , must be made ; by the 8 th of July , 30 per cent . ; by the 22 d of August , 25 per cent , ; and by the 8 th of October , 30 per cent . For this 95 per cent , subscribers will receive 100 per cent , nominal value , bearing 5 per cent , interest from July the 1 st , 1859 ; The Dresden Journal , pretends to be informed of a gradual approach between Austria and Prussia ; but little of this is visible in the Prussian press , which pretends that the Prussian Government is little inclined to wage war for the sake of Austria . "Count Pburtalesthe Prussian ambassador at Paris , who
, went a short time ago to Berlin , has returned to his post , accompanied by his family , as if anticipating that his stay was not likely to be interrupted . It is said that the Prussian squadron before long will join the English fleet , destined to protect the Baltic , or rather the entrance thereof . The Prussian ships which are to form part of the combined squadron are to set out for Copenhagen within a few week ? . As to the policy followed by Denmark , under present circumstances , it has declared its readiness to submit to the dictates of tho Confederation , as far us Ilobstein nnd Lanonburg are
concerned . Tho Military Commit too of the Federal Diet has approved the motion of Hanover to place nu army on the Rhine , and that it will propose its adoption . It is thought , however , that it will not be brought before tho Diet till after tho return of the Prussian General Willison to Berlin . A despatch from Berlin , dated 27 th instant , says that the first ban of the landwchrof Berlin has boon eqiiippod and armed . This stop is merely to exercise tho men with thcitnew rides .
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WAR MEASURES IN FRANCE . Tub Moniteur is half filled with lists of nominations to the Legion of Honour , and grants of the Military Modal to' the officers and soldiers engaged in tho affair of Montcbollo , tho former numbering 50 , and tho latter 70 . The Sardinian Oonoral Do Sonnaz is created a Commander , and six othor Sardinian officers Ohevaliors . The Military Mednl is also conferred upon four non-commissioned oillcers , a trumpeter , and a private of tho Sardinian army . Tho army of tho East is immediately to Ibo increased from 80 , 000 to 150 , 000 mon . Admiral Bouot Willaumos ? has loft Paris to take tho command of tho siogo Hoot at Toulon , composed of 32 vessels and gunboats . Rear-Admiral Dupony is to have a command for cruising on tho const , and Captain La Ronoidrp lo Nourry will oporato In tho rivers . Tfio Minister ^ of Marino has just given orders fur
the shipment for Italy of the siege materiel accumulated at Marseilles and Toulon . It will be put on board , forty vessels . The guns are all rifled , and are 8 and 12 ; -pounders ; the field pieces are 4 . and Cpounders . The range of the small siege guns is from 4 , 000 to 6 , 000 yards . The Minister of Public Worship has been ordered by the Emperor to express to the bishops of France his Majesty ' s entire satisfaction with the general tone of their addresses to their clergy on the occasion of the war . . . _ . I _ -. . . . . . , -. .
French civilians are reported to look upon this war from their quiet homes as " une affaire dequinze jours . " What do they say to this fact ?—A house near San Siro , the ancient cathedral of Genoa , . hasbeen let to the French for four years ; and another , in Piazza Raibetta , has been let to them , it is supposed as their head quarters , on a three years' lease , renewable at option for two additional terms of three years . French soldiers look upon Italian affairs in quite a different light : — " Certest pas pour de . f prunes , " they say , " that we came over here . " Marshal' Pelissier has left Paris for Nancy , the head quarters of the army he commands .
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WAR POLICY IN AMERICA . TiJE Washington correspondent of the New York Courier and Inquirer , writing under the date of the 19 th uit ., says : — "It is believed by army oEBcers and others here , that President Buchanan is quietlyconcentrating nearly the whole army along the Texas and Arizona frontiers of Mexico , and that a large fleet of Avar vessels is about to be gathered in the . Gulf . His purpose seems to be exactly that cax-ried out by -Mr . Polk , in ordering General Taylor to march beyond the Nueces , in March , 184 * 5 , whereby a war was in reality commenced against Mexico * without the consent or knowledge of Congress . Mr .
Buchanan has privately stated to parties desiring his intervention for tlve protection of certain American interests from the aggressive acts of the Miramon Government that Congress had withheld from him . the power to act , and ' that he could do nothing more than instruct Mr . M'Lane to use his best cllbrts in behalf of-American life and property . Notwithstanding these professions , it is the prevalent impression that the President is about to take the most decisive measures for sustaining the Juarez administration , and his movements are considered preliminary to a war of conquest and annexation .
The steam-frigate General Admiral , built at New York , for the Russian Government , had made a successful trial trip . The New York Herald says she will start about the 1 st . of June , under command of Captain Comstock , for Cronstadt , via Cherbourg . " This ( adds the Herald ) may be considered rather a significant fact in view of the alleged Russo-French alliance . "
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VICTOR EMMANUEL AND THE TUSCANS . Tub Monitora Toscano publishes the followingorder of the day of the 23 rd to the Tuscan troops : — " Tuscan soldiers!—On the first report of a national war you sought a captain to load you against the enemies of Italy . I accepted the command , it being my duty to give order and discipline to all the forces of the nation . You are no longer soldiers of an Italian province ; you form par-tot ! the Italian army . Judging you wovliiy of lighting by the side of the brave soldiers of Franco , L place you under the orders of my beloved son-in-law , Priueo Napoleon , who ha . 4 been ntrnstod )> y the Emperor of tho French with important military operations . Obey him as you would obey me . JJis thoughts and aiiections are the same as mine nnd those of the generous Emperor who lias descended in to .. Italy as the champion of a just cause , and the defender of our national rights . Soldiers ! tho day * of bold efforts have arrived . I count upon you ; you must uphold and increase tho honour of Italian arms . " Vicroit Emmahubl . " Tho IndepemluncQ Beltje says : — " The French Government * appears anxious to prove that tho presence of the Emperor ' s cousin in tho Urnnd Duchy is , aa it has constantly stated , caused purely by strategical considornUoua ; nnd we are informed that it is about to take a step which will prove that it has no idea of establishing a French Prince at Floronco . England , wo are assured , Is on the point of obtaining , or Iiuh already obtained , tho abdication of the Grand Duke in favour of hi » hu-ii . According to advices from Horunco , Russia , Prussia , England , and Turkey are Had not to have recognised tho provisional ( Jovorinnuiit of 1 usoany , and tho representative * of those cuuntrloH » w > also said to have withdrawn their flag * . Mookna . —Tlie Monitoro Toscuno states that tho Duke of Modona has carried away tho money belongfiiir u > floveral public offices , buslileH 800 , 000 f . which were in tho treasury at Ro «« lo . Being resolved , moreover , npt to leave anything for tho French to got at , ho has sot all tho game at liberty which .
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W ^ ioBK OE . 1 THE LEADER . 69 1 '• ' - ' in ii——^— ' "" ¦ ' """ m « ^ ^""^ T ¦ ' ' ' '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - ' r ¦
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Leader (1850-1860), June 4, 1859, page 691, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2297/page/7/
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