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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Politics . ] THE LEADER . 739
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DEATH OF PRINCE METTERNICII . The Prince Metternich , Duke of Portella , died at Vienna on Saturday last . He was born at Cublchtz on May 15 , 1773 , and consequently was in his 87 tli year . The Prince received his education at Strasburg arid Mayenco . " When he attained his 21 styear he was made Austrian Ambassador at the Hague ; and at the Congress of Bastadt he represented the interests of the Westphalia *! nobility . During the opening years of the present century he was successively ambassador at Dresden , Berlin , and Paris . While filling the latter appointment he concluded the treaty of Fontainebleau . Those were not days , however , in which treaties counted for mucli , and ,
accordingly , a few years later—that is , — Prince Mettornich was obliged * to leave the Trench , capital on the breaking out of war between France and Austria , and shortly afterwards became Minister of Foreign Affairs at Vienna . In the peace which ensued , Metternich conducted the negotiations which led to the marriage of Marie Louise with Napoleon , and led her to Paris . When war broke out again , however , between France and Austria , he was mainly instrumental in urging upon his sovereign a policy that led to the French Emperor ' s downfall . Upon the field of Leipzig he was named Prince of the Empire as a recompense for his zeal . He presided at the Congress of Vienna , and gained at that
period the groat reputation for diplomatic skill which , for the next thirty years , he continued to enjoy . During a portion of this time all the cabinets of Europe may be said to have been more or less influenced by his authority . In 1848 , however , his long reign of office was abruptly brought to a close . The revolution which broke out in I uria spread its influence to Vienna , and in a few hours that city was ia the same position as the capi t al of France . Tiie cry which arose was , that Metternich must resign , and this , after much indignant protest , 16 excited
he was compelled to ( . The ill-fooling against him by tho absolutist and retrograde policy he had always adopted was so groat , that in no Austrian city could ho find a secure refuge . He was at length obliged to quit tho Continent and come to England , where ho remained until the revolutionary spirit had been sufficiently quelled to permit liUn to return . It was not , however , until 18 / 51 that lie- returned to hts residence in Austria . Ilisollioial Me . however , had ceased in 1848 , and he never again entered upon , public duties .
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New York . —A scvoro fight has taken place at tho St . Nicholas , at New York , between Colonel Titus , the Kansas and Nicaragua . ! hero , on one 8 »< le and Curtain Anderson , Conoral Whoat , together with several other Walker filibusters , on the other . Titus , it is said , was sot upon by some half dozen with loaded c anos , and very badly beaten , lnc noigibourhood of Jacksonville , Illinois , had been visited by a most terrific tornado . Tho vlolonoo ot tho whirl wind is described as cxocodlng anything ot tho kind ovor witnoasod , oxcopt in the West Indies . Sixteen persons woro reported killed , and many others seriously injurod . Accounts from Nloarngu * stato that tho Government were expecting another visit from General Walker , and woro , propuring for him . Nothing , howovor , had transpired as to the whereabouts of the renowned flllbuator . Ihore wcro rumours cinont of war botwoon Nioamsua
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be fought , and it is not unlikely that the fortune of -war may turn .
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KLAPKA TO THE HUNGARIANS . We now have an address from the pen of General Klapka , intended for distribution among those Hungarians who arc serving in the Austrian ranks . The General makes a vigorous reference to the yoke of Austria , and speaks of its scaffolds and bullets as the reward of love of country . He asks how they can consent to remain in the ranks of the enemy , and become mercenaries of ^ the oppressor , and nt a time when the heroic King of Piedmont and the powerful Emporor of tho French are on their side . He calls upon thorn to hasten to the Hungarian standard which has been raised in Italy , eo that , in the first place , they might take tho right part in tho war of Italian independence , and , in tho second , be ready to take a part in a Avar of independence which is to bo -waged by tho Magyar nation .
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AUSTRIAN BANKRUPTCY . The Austrian Empire , as anticipated , is alroady driven to extraordinary measures of financial expediency . Tho interest of tho national loan will not any longer bo paid in cash , but at tho option of tho holder , either in bank-notes , on which ho will rocoivo a premium of 2 I > per cent ., or in oxejioquor bonds , redeemable five years after the coupon of tho loan for which they are paid lias become duo , with compound interest , amounting altogether to 28 per cent , for this period . The coupons ^ will , howovor , continue to bo received in payment of taxos , This simply moans that the Government will givo one papor for tho other , which it is at present unable to redeem , tho newly issued one boarlng another promise of payment eithor iu flvo yoars , with 28 per cent intorost , or at tho as yet uncertain tlmo whon tho National
Bank will be able to resume its cash payments , with 25 per cent , interest . This is virtual bankruptcy , as far as concerns the relations of the Austrian Government toone part of its creditors , who , being subjects of the Empire , will for the present have to look on the capital they have invested in the loan as a sacrifice demanded from their patriotism .
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VICTOR EMMANUEL'S NEW SUBJECTSAs at Milan , Florence , and Parma , King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia has been proclaimed dictator for the time "being , so also has he at Bologna , and this example will probably soon be followed at Ferrara , and even at Ancona , which cities are now likewise free from Austrian garrisons . . In Milan Victor Emmanuel has published a proclamation appointing the Cavaliere Paolo Onorato Vigliani governor of Lombardy . There is also posted in every part of the city an address by the King to the . people of Lombardy accepting their wishes for a union of the two kingdoms , and at the same time praising the disinterestedness of the Emperor of France . ' The corporation has presented addresses to the Emperor and the King expressive of the eternal ' gratitude of the people of Lombardy in freeing them from the wretched and degraded position they were in under the Austrian government . Meantime'Chevalier Vigliani * the hew'Governor of Lombardy , has issued a decree , dated , the 10 th , laying the same restrictions on the press during the war as were imposed in Piedmont at the commencement of military operations ! A correspondent from Italy , however , writes : "It is pretty certain that all Italians are not overjoyed af the off-hand manner in which the King of Sardinia is proceeding in . his work of liberation , and accepting gifts of territory from the hands of his Suzerain . There are many patriots who have not co-operated in this work of Italian independence merely for the territorial aggrandisement of Victor Emmanuel . What they desire is independence not only of the Austi-ians and the French , but equally so of the Piedniontese . They cry out against the sleight-of-hand—the escamotage , as they term it , by which Victor Emmanuel is coolly taking possession of Lombardy . Their motto is Confederation , and not Fusion . The Lombards will not be Piedmontese any more than Tuscans , or Modenese , or Parmesans , or Neapolitans ; and it would not bo surprising if civil war followed any attempt to force them into submission . " -
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WARLIKE ATTITUDE OF PRUSSIA . The Preussischee Zeitung ( official ) of Tuesday , says : " The order for the mobilisation of the corps d ' armee has been issued , and that the greater proportions the events at the seat of war assume , the -more serious becomes the duty of Government to place itself in such a position as may enable Prussia , in the . regulation of the Italian question , to proceed in concert with her confederate German Powers in order that coming events may not take Prussia and Germany by surprise and unprepared . The German Federal Powers will also , as we hope , see in this new -measure , taken in the interest of the security and position of Germany as a Power , their confidence in the circumspect initiative of Prussia realised . " A large number of promotions have taken place in the Prussian army . In addressing the new generals just appointed by him , the Prince Regent expressed a hope that they would serve him successfully and victoriously on an occasion perhaps not far distant . —
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FRENCH MODERATION IN ITALY . The Daily News says .- — "We have reason to believe that the French Government is prepared to give the new Foreign Minister of England the most complete proofs of the moderation and disinterestedness of its policy in Italy . It is ready to declare anew , that not only does it seek no territorial aggrandisement for France , but that it desires no thrones for the relatives of the Emperor , or princes dependent on France . Far from wishing to prolong the war , the desire of the French Government is that it may be short . The war has been commenced for the liberation of Italy , and will be carried on until that object is attained , but only for the sake of the end . Should any powerful neutral—the Prince Regent of Prussia , for instance— . find himself in a position to offer his mediation , the French Government would be ready to engage to leave Italy entirely to itself , after securing its independence . " Paths . —The news of the defeat of the Derby ministry has been received with a positive explosion of joy . The result of the division in the House of Commons was known at the opening of the Bourse , and produced a most favourable effect . The Moniteur -publishes a decree , appointing General Schramm superior commander of the camp at Chalons , where three divisions of infantry and one of cavalry will be assembled .
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GARIBALDI'S MOVEMENTS . Garihai . di ' reached Bergamo on the 8 th , and is said to have had a ' successful brush with a small body of Austrians . On the 9 th he came to Milan to see King Victor Emmanuel , by whom he Was received in the most gracious manner . He left again immediately . " An order of the day has conferred upon him the golden medal of military valour ; A life pension of 500 francs is always granted-to those who are deemed worthy of such an honour . General Garibaldi was at Brescia tip to the evening of the 12 th . Urban ' s corps quifted Coccaglio on the morning of the 13 tlT , and appears to be retiring to Orzinovi . The Southern Tyrol is menaced by Garibaldi ' s corps , which is every day becoming more formidable . The Austrian Committee of Defence for Botzon has issued a proclamation for the defence of the Tyrol .
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. Athens . —On tho 9 th , a popular manifestation took place before tho French embassy in colebration of tho victories in Italy . The ambassador , in addressing tho crowd assembled before his hotel , said , that ho would not fail to communicato to the Emperor the sympathies of Greece . Another demonstration by tho students has taken place , who called for public prayors to heaven for victory to the allies , and tho people surrounded tho church with loud acclamations . On the occasion of tho closing of tho Chambors , tho King declared that ho would follow tho advice of tho protecting Powers without forgetting the honour of his country .
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THE KING OF NAPLES . The Neapolitan ministry has again been modified : some of the most incompetent and unpopular of the old ministers have been removed , and new elements introduced . A recent letter contains the following : —" If my information is correct , an amnesty is already prepared , not signed , which will liberate 118 political prisoners . There will be an abolition of the ? attendibili , ' who amount to , perhaps , 60 , 000 in the kingdom , and are liable to be arrested at any hour by order of tho police . The exiled will be permitted also to return oh their demand . Such is the report , of what islikely to be published thiscveningor Monday , and which comes to me from a good source . Other changes in tho ministry are expected , and the King seems to- bo yielding to the influence of JFilangieri . " Nevertheless arrests continue for political offences .
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NAPOLEON III . TO THE LOMBARDS . Tuio following proclamation has boon published at Milan : — " Tho fortune of war has conducted mo to tho capital of Xomburdy . Let me toll you why I am hero . Wlion Austria unjustly attackod Piedmont I resolved to sustain tho King of Sardinia my ally . Tho honour and interests of Franco made this my duty . Your enemies , who arc my enemies , have endeavoured to diminish tho sympathy which exists throughout all Europe for your oausu by trying to persuade tho world that I am carrying on tills war only for porsonnl ambition , or to aggrandise tno territory of Franco . If there nro men who do not
understand their epoch , I am not of the number In the enlightened state of public opinion which prevails , men are greater by the moral influence which they exercise than by . barren conquests ,. and this moral influence I seek after with pride , in contributing to emancipate one of the most beautiful parts of Europe . Your reception lias already proved to me that you have understood me . I do not come herewith any preconceived plan to dispossess sovereigns , nor to impose my own will upon you . My army will only occupy itself with , tvro thing 3—to combat your enemies and to maintain . internal-order , it will place no obstacle in the way of a free , manifestation of your legitimate wishes . Providence sometimes favours nations like individuals , in giving them occasion to rise suddenly to greatness ; but it is on condition that they have the virtue to profit by it . Profit , then , by the fortune which is offered you . Your desire of independence , so long expressed , so often deceived , will be realised if you show yourselves worthy of it . Unite , then , for one sole object , the enfranchisement of your country . Seek military organisation . Hasten all of you to place yourselves under the flag of King Victor Emmanuel , who . has already so nobly shown you-the path of honour . Remember ¦ that without discipline there is no army , and animated with the sacred fire of patriotism , be nothing to-day but soldiers . To-morrow vou will be free citizens of a great country . . " Done at the Imperial quarters , at Milan , the 8 th of June , 1859 . " Napoleon . "
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Leader (1850-1860), June 18, 1859, page 739, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2299/page/7/
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