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returned under a new reform act would at once proceed to introduce an act for voting by ballot . He was iii favour of a re-distribution of seats . Instead , however , of giving two members to a town , he would prefer to divide the towti into wards , and give a member to each ward . In large towns generallv one portion was inhabited by the richer class and another by the poorer , and such a plants he had named would be a fairer mode of representation than the present system . . . _ At the same meeting Mr . Bright , referring to the subiect of Parliamentary Reform , particularly drew attention to the county constituencies , repeating his previous statements as to the servile dependence of the electors on the landholders . Lord J . Kussell
eiently with the domestic and social interests of this country , the proper man to do that was Lord John Russell . Although he was not one of those who pinned his faith Jo everything or to anybody of men , yet he had confidence in Lord John Russell . He thought that during his long life he had done more for the great body of his fellow-countrymen than any other statesman , and it was an earnest of what he would do . The working men put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains , and what was the consequence ? Why , that they had not a fair share in the Government of the country . In conversations he had held with mechanics , they would put to the blush many of the members of the
aristocracy , and he thought it would be for the security of the country that the portals of the constitution should be opened , and a large infusion of these men—especially if they were sober men—admitted . Speaking of retrenchment , he referred to the immense sum of money now raised by taxation , amounting in the aggregate to 7 : 5 , 000 , 000 ^ ., and he said he could not help asking himself whether the House of Commons as at present constituted had managed its affairs so well that the country could allow it to remain as it is ; and he had no hesitation in saying tiiatif things went on as at present with so lavishan expenditure , representative Government would he at a discountbecause , as managed at present , it seemed to
, him that the House of Commons was nothing more than a great taxing machine . He occupied neutral ground , for he was not a peaee-at-any-price man , neither was he a war man , but he wished particularly to see the navy of this country in that state that we should be able to hold our own . Naturally , from our important commercial associations and our enormous colonies we were entitled to have a great navy , and he -would say that if we could not have an army and navy for less than twenty-five millions of money it was preposterous . They ought to be had for at least eight millions less . Although the French and
Austrian standing armies amounted to something like 400 , 000 men each , yet the government of those countries did not spend nearly so much upon those armies as we did on our small one . He was not one of those who believed there was going to be any French invasion ; still less was he one of those who wished to run into the other extreme , and who , throwing away their locks and bolts , relied upon the disposition of their neighbours . He took the middle course , and believed the present Emperor of the French fur too wise a man and too cognisant of . his own interests ever to pick a quarrel with this
country . At Bodmin Mr . James Wvld , having been declared duly elected , in returning thanks expressed his surprise at the want of fixed principles on the part of some of the principal electors of Bodmin , who voted on one occasion for a Whig candidate and on another supported a Conservative . There must be political consistency and political principle . The Conservative candidate had stood no chance in the present election , it having been shown that the Liberals comprised two-thirds of the electors , and now , therefore , it would always be said that Bodmin was a Liberal constituency . In the support he should give the Liberal party it would be one vote if
of principle , and when they required a , even it should be a little contrary to the views he entertained , they should have his support . If , however , according to Mr . Disraeli at the dinner of tho Merchant Taylors' Company , tho Conservative party were going to advocate progress , then he should become « i Conservative ( hear ) ; but if they were to havo the ancient Tory doctrine promulgated in the House of Commons , then ho should be its opponent ; and also'if they offered obstruction to tho advance of the Reform party . He rejoiced that Lord Klcho failed in his recent motion in endeavouring to fix the Government to unqualified neutrality . Ho was very fur from' being an advocate for war , or for the undue interference of England , but he thought that tho principle of neutrality might be carried too fur .
England could not abdicate her position among the nations of Europo by abstaining from some interference on the continent . It' all kind of interference ceased , then this country would cons © to hold that high position she now enjoyed . Then , with regard to our national defences , lie know that thoro was a party in tho country who thought that tho Parliament who were urging forward , with all speed ho hoped , tho national defences were doing that which was unnecessary , but those who watched tho political horizon know full well that there were clouds which might burst at any moment , not on our island , but on some of our possessions , and that wo ought to bo ready , not for aggressive warfare , but for doieneivo warfare , and to uphold tho honour of our Wag .
had sketched a scheme of Reform , he ( Mr . Bright ) fancied , before the last general election . There were men now in the present Cabinet who were not prepared to go as far on the path of Reform as Lord J . Russell ; but he would warn those ministers , if any such there were , that if they gave the country a measure short of that scheme , they would cover their Cabinet with a taint which it could never survive . The lion , member in the course of his address said : —Are we in this country difficult to govern ? Look at the towns and cities ; I undertake to say , that if you call our excellent mayor as a witness , he will admit that no population that lie is aquainted
with is more submissive to law and more in favour of public order than that over which he has the happiness and honour at this moment to preside . ( Hear . ) Take all the boroughs and cities of the United Kingdom , and you will find that the chief magistrates wpuld tell you the same tale . The Government of all these towns and all their vast populations are intrusted to the mayor , aldermen , burgesses , the magistrates , the local authorities of the place , and they find the Government perfectly easy to manage , and we know what the spread and sparse and separated population of our rural districts are ; they are docile enough , and do not require great power or great force for their government . Then what has Government to dp ? What have the thirteen or fifteen men who scramble into Cabinets , what have they to do ? What has Parliament to hear ? It has two things to do to satisfy the opinion and wants of the country . One is the dispensation of justice impartially at home , and the other is to take such care as may be necessary , according to the circumstances of the period , and any opinion of the country , and to defend the country from any attack from abroad . Cheers . ) This is all the Government is established to do ; and yet our Government , with this docile people , so
industrious , so instructed , so moral , and so religious that we undertake to teach Christianity to all the world in this inviolate island , against which no country in the world has ever dared in earnest to lift a finger ( hear , hear ) , this House of Lords , and this second House of Lords that sits in the House of Commons , takes from the industry of the people 70 , 000 , 000 * . annually , that is 50 s . a-head for every man , woman , and child in the kingdom . I ask , is it necessary that 70 , 000 , 000 J . Ja-year should bo taken for t he government of this , peaceable country , or for its defence against I know not what nations , for I have seen no earnest attempt—there is almost only one recorded in history—to invade or attack this island ? Now , if I did not think a . Parliamentary Reform should enforce a greater responsibility in the House
of Commons and the Cabinet , I would not go across tho road to ask for it ; and if I thought that after a Parliamentary Reform which should give a real hold into the hands of the people upon the national expenditure and the national policy , we wore to continue mounting up the expenditure from 70 , 000 , 000 / ., us it now ; is , to some higher but indefinite sum . I would not 6 pend my breath or my labour in asking my countrymen to obtain such a me-nsuro ; but I should think it a far wiser course to pack up everything I had arid remoue myself and my family to . a country whore the people did not only pretond to bo but acutually were in some degree sane . ( Laughter)—On Thursday Mr . Brightniade another long speech ,
in which lie denounced war policy , and reviewed the progress made in England since 1830 , particularising the benefits arising from free trade , the advantages consequent upon the formation of railways , the extension of colonies and the discoveries of gold in Australia and California , and beyond all , tho abundant blessingB which had sprung from the long duration of peace . In this career of , progress tho aristocracy ondGovermnont had certainly permitted the utmost individual and personal freedom , but it was to tho industry and intelligence of tho people that we owed the great Improvements to which he had . alluded .
At Hskoard , ! Mr . Brunai , OpnoitNi :, on nomination , day rondo a long speech upon reform * retrenchment , and tho national defences , Ho fluid that , with the alarming state of things on tho continent of ¦ K uropo tho country could not have a better man to ocal with foreign politics than Lord PalmorBton ; and if we wore to have a Reform Bill to deal offl-
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NAVAL AND MILITARY . Vice-Admiral Harvey , the Commander-in-Chief at Sheerness , gives a good account of the men-ofwar on that station . On Saturday he inspected the Trafalgar , 91 , Capt . G . Fanshawe ; the crew were beat to quarters and the admiral then minutely examined the ship . On leaving he expressed himself highly pleased , and complimented Capt . Fanshawe on the appearance of the ship throughout , and also Capt . Dyer , in command of the Royal Marines , and the Marine Artillery , upon their general appearance and soldierlike efficiency . He inspected tho screw corvette Cossack , Capt . Moorman , the same day , and said that everything was in excellent order , and the ship was in such a state of discipline that she appeared more like a ship returning from a station than one only six weeks in commission . At Portsmouth some experimental practice has taken place from the Stork gunboat cm the broadside of tho Undaunted , old sailing fWyute , which was partially coated with metal of diUbront manufacture . The range was 200 yards , and at that distance the plates wore ineffectual in resisting tho shot , some ) ir > i ,, rr / . / . iTirJntnl v norfnmlOil . wllilc otllCrS are RIUC / J
indented and fractured . After the experiments the platinir was covered oVcr \> y a sail to prevent tms results being ascertained by any curious spectator . Experiments have been made » t Chatham m tlio presence of tho officers of the Koynl Engineers , tor tho purpose of testing a new diving dress , the invention of Mr . Hinckos , of London . A number of the most experienced divers descended in tho dress , all of whom described it as being the best dress ot the kind yot made public , as it enables thorn to see articles in the water at uny doptb . An assistant ot tho inventor is stationed ut Bronipton to show the Sappors and Minors how to use the invention . Tho moat important IVonch military news of the day is tho formation of a large camp at and around Lillo , under tho command of Marshal Nlol . It is hard to rcconcilo this groat ( hot with the paelflcj protestations which havo lutely boon put ' " Thursday , tho Duko of Somerset and tho full Board of Admiralty inspected Woolwich dockyard , Some experiments . wore made with Ward ' s patent
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THE STRIKES . The differences between the masters and journeymen in the building trade have not yet been adjusted , although some concessions have been made by a section of the employers . On Monday , seven or eight of the smaller firms took on about 400 men unconditionally , and on Thursday the following firms had partially opened to the men without calling upon them to sign or agree to the declaration . Messrs . Browne and Robinson , of Worship-street ; Mr . Pritchard , for the purpose of carrying on alterations at Christ ' s Hospital , Newgate-street ; Mr . Downs , of Union-street , Borough ( for works at Bankside ) ; Mr . Mvers , Bel vedere-road ( machinists set partially to work ) , and Mr . Cubitt , of Gray ' sinn-road ( imen sent to Windsor and other places ) . Messrs . Jackson and Shaw were desirous of sending men to their works at Norwood , but were unable to
obtain them . At a meeting of the conference of workmen on Thursday , it was resolved to send Messrs . Cremer , Facy , Brown , and O . sborn , as delegates to visit the principal towns in the kingdom for the purpose of agitating the question , collecting support for the men locked out , and persuading operatives not to come up to London to fill their places . On Monday next a dividend will be struck for the support of the 18 , 000 men who are ascertained to be locked out . The same amount will be given to all the men , whether artisans-or labourers .
STUIKP IN THE CIIAIX TBADE . Disputes about wages have again taken place in Staffordshire , in consequence of which upwards of 1 ; 500 men are now idling about the country . This strike has however some features generally absent from movements of the kind , and which it is liksly will cause the men to return to their service for at least a time . A number of men were on Friday sumraone d for leaving their employ without giving due notice , before , the Stourbridge magistrates . These men were in the employ of Messrs . Noah Flingley and Sons , chain-makers , Cradley , and the secretary to a chain-makers' union served them with a notice . The magistrates said they should convict the men , but their attorney said he should ask for a case , and carry it to the Court of Queen ' s Bench . The magistrates then adjourned the case for a fortnight .
COLLIERS STRIKE . The colliers employed at the Westminster , Ffood , Vron , Brynmallyj and Urymbo Collieries , are at present out on strike , demanding an advance of 6 d . per day . Whilst the harvest continues the men are not likely to give in , as plenty of work offers itself at 5 s ., 6 s ., and 7 s . per day . Employers will for the present be the worse off .
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No . 491 . Aug . 20 , 1859-1 T H E MaDER ¦— ... „ , - ^ - ^^ ggL ,
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Ministerial Appointment . —Tho Right Hon . William Cowpor has boon appointed Vico-Froaidcnt of tho Board of Trade , in succession to Mr . James Wilson .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 20, 1859, page 953, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2308/page/5/
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