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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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AMERICAN POLITICS . Presidbnt BconANAN , in a lottor declining a re - nomination for the Presidency , says : — " My determination not , under any circumstance * , to become a candidate for re-election is final ana conclusive . My best judgment and strong inclination unite in favour of this course . To cast doubts upon my predetermined purpose is calculated to impair my influence in carrying out import" ™ measures , and affords a pretext for saying that these measures have been dictated by a desire to be renominated . " . . Partial returns of the state election in Kentucky indicate the election of the democratic candidate for governor , and a majority of democrats to Congress . . ,, Some jealousy of recent British policy is protondeu . Th&lNwo York . Herald says : —" Wo published tho news of the cession , in sovereignty to Groat wmain by the so-called Republic qf Guatemala , of tho establishment and territory hitherto known an *>«" " Honduras , or Belize . As no doubt oxists of tho
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The Minister of the Interior , in concert with his colleagues the Ministers for . Foreign Affairs , and Algiers and the Colonies , has ordered the necessary measures to be taken to ensure the- immediate execution of the full and entire amnesty granted by the Emperor , " Nine hundred and twenty-two soldiers , sentenced for various offences , have been either pardoned or the term of their imprisonment has been commuted .
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Paris News . —The Emperor and Empress have left for St . Sauveur , on their way to Biarritz . They were to pay a visit to M . Fould , the Minister of State , at his magnificent country seat near Tarbes . The St . Maur camp is already breaking up . Several regiments left to-day for different garrison towns , to reooganise and refit . The Imperial Guard will begin to occupy its barracks in Paris to-morrow , and right glad the men avIII be to enjoy once more the luxury of a bed . The Moniteur informs us that the Emperor has decided upon retaining for the present an army oi 50 , 000 men in Lombardy .
Effects op the Amsesty . —A Paris correspondent says : —" There will be great rejoicing in the departments of the Herault and Var , from which alone it is calculated that no less than 3 , 000 citizens have been banished , transported , or imprisoned for political offences since the coup d ' etat . The people of the faubourg St . Antoine are getting up an illumination in honour of the amnesty . At the Bourse , singular to state , the amnesty , so far from being considered as a reassuring symptom , had a depressing influence . Many people saw in ifc a confirmation of the man 3 ' signs of war ; the Emperor , the pessimists argued , sees a European coalition forming against him , ' and feels ' the' necessity of uniting all parties in France round his standard . "
The young ( soi-disanf ) Grand Duke of Tuscany has come to Paris incognito to supplicate the Emperor to help him to his father ' s throne . The Emperor is reported to have said— "It is not my fault that you fought against Italy in the Austrian ranks . " ~ Marshal Niel has written a letter to his confrere Canrobert , in which he reiterates his charges against the latter . According to the laws or usages of honour in the army here , it is impossible to see how a duel can be avoided between the two chiefs .
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THE NAPOLEONIC CELEBRATION IN ITALY . At Turin and at Milan the fete of the Emperor Napoleon was celebrated on Monday with great ppmp— Te Deums , reviews , and illuminations . At Milan Victor Emmanuel gave a dinner to Marshal Vaillant and the French officers ; the Marshal proposed the King ' s health in these words : — " To the chief of this fine and powerful army , the standards of which were united on the Black Sea and on the plains of the Po with the French eagle , and which on every occasion showed itself as a noble rival of our army . To the heroic king , who holds tho ancient and nobles word of the house of Savoy , who made it shine wth great lustre in the sun of Palestroand Solferino . " The telegram tells us that the name of Napoleon was received everywhere with acclamations . Count Arese has arrived at Turin . The King visited Bergamo and Brescia , and was received with enthusiastic cheers by the population of Lombardy .
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TUSCANY . —REJECTION OP THE GRAND DUKE . On Saturday the National Assembly met at Florence and elected Signor Coppi as its president , and also nominated its other officials . The Deputy Ginori then proposed the following resolution : — " The Assembly shall declare the reign of the dynasty of Lorraine as impossible in Tuscany . " The representatives unanimously supported this proposition , which on Tuesday was agreed to
unanimont . The Italians woxild see in this prince the support of France ; and when we consider that she is encamped in Rome , Parma , and Lombardy , that is a consideration not to be despised . In two years the whole of Italy might be divided between Prince Napoleon and Victor Emmanuel .. As for the kingdom of Naples , the only thing to do would be to encourage the revolution , and this ignoble dynasty of the Bourbons would be swept away for ever . "
mously with 108 votes , amidst the vociferous plaudits of the public . The deputies Prince Strozzi , Marquis Manzi . Counts Delia Gherardesen , Franchesi , Piccolomini , Borghcee , and M . Adami have proposed tho following resolution , which met with unanimous support , namely : — " That tho assembly declares it to be tho firm will of Tuscany to form a strong part of the kingdom of Italy under tho constitutional sceptre of King Victor Emmanuel . "
It remains to bo seen , now that the Grand Duko is rejected , whether Victor Emmanuel will bo allowed to accept the proffered addition to his kingdom , ; It is said that Signor MontaneJH has been sent from Paris , to agitate In favour of Prince Napoleon . A letter from Florence says : — " Montanelli was a republican , but Is now converted to Banapartism , and b . o brings to bear upon his new opinions all the zeal , energy , and enthusiasm of a fresh disciple . The cause , too , of Prince Napoleon Is not a bad one—I mean from the Italian point of view ; for Plon-Plon Js at least the eon-in-law Qf the King of Pied-
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THE DUCHIES AND VICTOR EMMANUEL . Affairs in Central Italy are going on as usual , which means that the inhabitants , being obedient , disciplined , and united , demand unanimously annexation to Piedmont , and their final release from the government of Austrian pr inces , including the Pope . At Modena , on Tuesday , after a solemn service had been performed at the Cathedral , at which all the bodies of the State were present , Signor Farini opened the national assembly in the grand salle of the Palace amidst enthusiastic plaudits . After having spoken a few eloquent words on the history of Modena during the present century , that of the
on that of the Sardinian Government , different provinces , and on the last Dictatorship , he resigned the powers given him as Dictator in the hands of the Deputies . He urged them to express freely , and with that calmness which is the result of good rights , their wishes for the definite settlement of the Constitution of the country , and , in addressing himself to Europe , he said : " We are ready to give to the civilised world all the guarantees of order and peace , conditionally that liberty is assured to us , and that Italy shall belong to the Italians . " The Assembly voted also an address of thanks to Napoleon III . At the close of the assembly the Modenese troops fired a salute from the ramparts of the town .
General Garibaldi has accepted the chief command of the forces of Central Italy . General Ulloa , so far from making difficulties , only awaits General Garibaldi ' s arrival to hand Over to him the command of the army . "With regard to the alleged republican movement in Parma , Count Linati , the Mayor of Parma , who is now in Paris , writes in the Palrie : — "Certain journals have spoken of a republican movement as having broken out in the city of Parma . Ton are authorised , to give the most positive contradiction to this piece of false news . In the name of the city of Parma , of which I have the honour to be mayor , I request you to declare that the most perfect order has not for a single instant ceased to prevail both in the town and the duchy . "
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THE FORTIFICATIONS OF ANTWERP . A Brussels letter of the 9 th states : —Our situation is rather critical , but I do not apprehend any hasty decision respecting the fortifications . The Government will take time to reflect on the question of Antwerp . M . Orts , tho President of the Chamber , has already consented to a short adjournment . At the very beginning , the Right will raise an objection tending to an adjournment . They will insist that this question is a national one , ana of the utmost importance ? that tho Chamber is incomplete , as the four representatives of Louvain await the result of an inquiry before they can bo admitted , and that the discussion respecting Antwerp ought not to bo begun without them . If the Government is inclined to draw back , this will bo a good opportunity . The ministry will recede if they are really isolated . For thirty years past King Leopold has given xis many proofs of his prudence , and if ho Is guided solely by the dictates of his own good sonse , ho will not now deviate from n line of conduct which has beoa attended with constant success .
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THE PAPAL STATES . The Monitore di Bologna of August 11 publishes a decree , ordering that all citizens in the Romagnas , without distinction of creed , shall be equal in the eyes of the law and in the exercise of political and civil rights . Cardinal Aritonelli has resigned , and the Pope has got a new minister in the person of Cardinal Pietri ; but the Bolognese evidently intend to rely upon themselves , and not on the Roman Cardinal .
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Austrian ' Reforms . —A Vienna lottor in tlflo Augsburg Gazette saye : —¦ " Public feeling here is in a citato of considerable disquietude and irritation . The craving tor reform is not of recent date . For years post the friends of their country have been desirous of seeing a change in tho existing system of Government , which is approved of only in tho circles under the personal influence of its supporters } and in this respect , as in everything relative to intellectual matters , Vienna represents the whole monarchy . Between the Emperor and his people there is a
coterie which prevents the truth from reaching his ear Why uphold a system wWch the people abhor , which is in direct opposition to the tendencies of the age , the traditions of the country , and the wishes of the inhabitants ?
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The Sultan ' s Cruise . — -His Imperial Majesty reached Salonica on the 27 th ult . on board a manof-war , accompanied by his brother , Aziz Effendi , and his three sons , together with the Minister of Marine , Mehemet Ali Pacha , and the Minister of War , Riza Pacha . The Sultan was received on landing by the Governor , all the Turkish authorities , and the principal inhabitants of the place , and was accompanied by them to the residence of TJssuf
Pacha , the wealthiest Turk of the province , in whose gardens a kiosk had been prepared for the accommodation of his Imperial guest . On the following morning his Majesty visited the country place of Mr . J . N . Abbott , a few miles distant , whither he repaired at an early hour , having been preceded by Aziz Effendi . On the following morning ( Friday ) the Sultan went in state to the mosque of St . Sophia , and in the afternoon received in a public audience , in his tent on the sea-shore , the Pacha of Salonica , the members of the . Moslish , the Greek bishops , and the Jewish high priests . On Saturday he embarked on board the steam frigate , in the midst of of
and steamed out of the port roars cannon , and was said to be bound for Mitylene and Chios . This visit was sufficientl y monotonous , and productive of no good , either to the Government or to the people . There was not the least excitement during the Sultan ' s passage through the streets . A dead silence prevailed everywhere—no cheering or other such demonstration , no addresses presented to him , no answers given by the monarch , admonitory or encouraging . As the Government did not choose to spend a para towards these preparations , it is easy to understand that this otherwise joyful event will be remembered by the poor Rayahs as a day of sorrow and suffering .
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RUSSIA : TEMPERANCE AND SERFDOM . A St . Pkteksburg letter speaks of the comparative freedom with which both home and foreign affairs are now canvassed in Russia , and adds that , the serf question has advanced so far towards a solution thfit retrogression is impossible . The- Emperor is honestly determined to carry out his views . The younger nobility afford their full support . The serfs themselves have learnt they have rights as well as duties , and , though the old Russian party may delay and obstruct , they cannot prevent the final result . Already has a great change taken place among the peasants . Temperance societies have been formed throughout the Empire . The peasants meet in communal councils ( jnerskia shodki ) , and . award personal chastisement to those who relapse into drunkenness . The farmers of Excise duties have diminution in
become alarmed at the enormous consumption of vodka , and have petitioned the Government . A circular has consequently been issued by the Minister of the Interior , addressed to the provincial Governors . His Excellency declares that" Sobriety deserves to be encouraged , ns the best means of preserving the health and morality of the people . Whenever , therefore , the peasants pass resolutions for abstaining from the use of spirituous liquors they must not bo hindered in so laudable a design , provided that the individuals who take the pledge do not attempt to punish those who diner from them , thereby arrogating to them selves a power which the law does not recognise . " This is iound advice , and if the temperance movement continue to make the progress that has hitherto marked its steps , Russia may hope before long to bo trcctf from her greatest curse , the curso of drunkenness .
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956 THE LEADER , [ No . 491 . Aug . 20 , 1859 »
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 20, 1859, page 956, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2308/page/8/
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