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acceptance of the cession by Great . B «*^^ 5 ™ g . regard the acquisition as a / a « accompli , and recognifethe fact of a new British colonial establishment pn the American continent—thus completingthe chain of English possessions from Canada to Dernerara . The fact is a practical commentary on the value of the « Munroe doctrine , ' as supported by the United States , and a scarcely less striking ^ stance of the value and efficiency of Americanidiplomacyin Central America . It only now remains for Great Britain to consolidate her pretensions on the Mosquito shore , in order to insure hercontrol of twothirds of the Atlantic coast ^ of Central America from Yucatan to Panama . She already dominates the entire country from he r stronghold ofthe Bay Islands , which she has colonised and occupies m contempt alike of the Munroe doctrine and the Clayton-Bulwer treaty .
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bers of the Chamber , and demanded the adhesion of the Bavarian Government , to the establishment of a central power , and a parliamentary representation of the German nation . The motion was opposed by the second president , or vice chairman , Mr . Weiss , the same who was formerly , so obnoxious to . the Bang . His grounds for discountenancing it were , that as there was not the slightest prospect of the proposal being listened to by the Bavarian Government—it was beneath the dignity of the Chamber to express a desire which everybody was well aware would not be acceded to . After a debate of four hours , the motion was negatived by eighty-seven against forty-five .
The adherents of this agitation go by the name of the " Deutsche Gesammt Partei . " It promises well , and is extending fast in every direction ; In the Vienna papers even , it finds an echo . . The Press had a long article last week upon the subject , and hopes for unity of action between Austria and Prussia , which alone can lead to the goal which every patriotic German is yearning to attain . The Austrian Gazette , on the other hand , seizes upon this theme , to make another furious attack upon Prussia , and maintains that the present federal system is in every respect equal to the wants of the time ,, ii Prussia would but be loyal , and submit . The Austrian Cabinet appears to think that the agitation has is
—^—GERMANY . August 17 th , 1859 . —A series of political and military demonstrations have been got up during the past two weeks with the object , it would seem , of arousing the warlike spirit of the people by recalling to memory past triumphs over the French . These triumphs are described in the newspapers with such a minuteness of detail and enthusiasm . that they really serve as a very tolerable set-off against Magenta and Solferino . You can hardly fancy * at a first reading , that the events described are a hundred years old , and are in danger of confounding
the past with the present ; Lord George Sackville with Clam Gall as ; the battle of Minden , in : 1759 , with that of Magenta , in 1859 . One of the demonstrations was in reference to the battle of Minden , in commemoration o which a monument has been erected on the battle-field , about two miles arid a half from the town . This battle was , as your readers are of course aware , fought between the English auxiliary army , commanded by Ferdinand of Brunswick , and the French , under the Marquis Contades , in which the latter were completely def eated , and forced to retreat beyond the Rhine . The monument bears the following inscription : —^ " In remembrance of the victory gained over the French army by the allied troops of Prussia , England , GothaBrunswick
Hanover , Hessen-Cassel , Saxe- , , Sehaumburg-Lippe , under the command of Ferdinand , Duke of Brunswick , this monument is erected by the grateful posterity of the allied warriors , August 1 st ., 1859 . " The German papers of course represent this army as a purely national one , us does the inscription , to all intents and purposes ; and the English , who paid this army , and which , from thenurabers arid quality of the Englishmen that composed it , was , in fact , an English army , cut but a sorry figure in the commemoration . So much for glory . It is a comfort to observe that England is beginning to draw a lesson from this sort of obliviousness ; and that , conse-. quently , no English carcasses are contributing their mites to fructify the plains of Lombardy .
Another demonstration was made last week at the little river-port of Elsfleth , in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg . Tins was to lay the foundation of the monument to be erected in commemoration of the embarkation ut this place , after a successful retreat through an enemy ' s country , of the Duke of Brunswick , afterwords killed at Quatre Braa . Tho affair was got up by the authorities , of course , as all affairs are here , nnd it is only on that account that they aro worthy of notice * The speeches and toasts were very florid and anti-Grnllic . At Minden the " Deutsche Gedanke" was very prominently brought forward
by tho " ltegiorungs President , " von Bardeleben . The tern * Deutache Godanke , i . e . the Germans thought , moans tho union of all nations of Teutonic origin , or at least thoso forming part of tho present Confederation under the leadership of Prussia . President Von Bardeloben concluded hia speech with a toast to tho brotherhood of tho people who had " steeled their union with their hearts' blood in tho flro of battles . " Tho agitation for a united Germany has gained 00 much consistency and force ? , that a motion hasjuat been mud © in the Bavarian Cham * bora of Deputies relative to tho reform of tho Federal Constitution . This motion oamo from a Mr . Voolk , supported by twenty-seven other
mombeen got up entirely by Prussia , and this opinion shared by many others , who , though by no meane sympathising with Austria , yet object to he r being elbowed out of Germany , of which she has been for so many centuries the very life and soul . _ The Germans are at this moment quite of one mind as to the task which Prussia has to perform if she desires to take the place formerly occupied by Austria . There is no need of intrigue or agitation —no narrow way and crooked path diplomacy . Bold straightforwardness is alone required . Austria , as a detestedShe has
government , is just now . helped to enslave Germany , arid lately she has brought disgrace upon her . " Prussia has only to come forward , without beating about the bush , as a constitutional state in spirit and practice , with her banner raised for a united Germany and Parliament , and she may command the purses and lives of the vast majority of the whole nation . But all petty demonstrations , such as we have had lately , will certainly produce doubt , and , finally , a reaction in favour of Austria , when , of course , the prospect of a united Germany will be as distant , if not more distant , than ever . alterations in
The Cabinet order , by which the the Prussian army are commanded , has been signed by the Prince Regent . The difference between the present and future organisation of the army will be , that , whereas hitherto the landwehr , or fencibles , were disbanded in times of peace—only the district sergeant-majors being retained—in future not only will all the officers be retained , but likewise 400 men of every battalion . Each regiment , at present 2 , 000 strong , is to be reduced to 1 , 800 j but , instead of being distinct , it will be united with a lahdwehr regiment 1 , 200 strong , both forming a regiment of 3 , 000 . By this the infantry in peace will be half again as numerous as hitherto . In the same proand
portion the companies of sharpshooters Jiigers will be increased . To obtain this increase no drawing of lots will be permitted , but every man , sound in wind and limb , will be obliged to serve four years ; only the half of this period , however , will be passed under arms—the other half he will be released on furlough . Thus the four years which they are called upon to serve at present are , in fact , reduced to two . Against this advantage there will be a . grand field exercise of six weeks ' duration , every year or every two years , at which the whole armyline and landwehr—will be united . The institution of the landwehr or foncibles loses by-tlns alteration its distinctive character by being blended with the becomes iiiuh in
line . Tho peace establishment - creased by 50 , 000 jnoii , and the number of officers ia doubled . The increase in expense will be from 5 , 000 , 000 to 6 , 000 , 000 dollars . In this country generally , as in England , there exists little confidence in the reduction of the French armaments , as announced by the Momteur . U appears a rather suspicious circumstance that French jorso dealers are extremely activo ^ n the jN on-Zollvtrein States . Tho dealers any , that the French cavalrv have Buffered heavy losses in Italy ana in
Franco by the glanders and other contagious diseases , and th At they are speculating for their own account , in tho hope of finding a good market in France . The horses which were bought on tho mobilisation are now being sold oft" in Prussia and other Stfttee . Some are so doubtful us to Jhe continuance of peace , that they prefer hiring them out merely . Owing to such a number being brought to the hammer at once , tho prices obtained arc very low , more especially as- the exportation Is still prohibited in all Kollveroin countries , oxcept > Vurteraburg . This State was the flrat to establish the restriction on the breaking out of tho war , and Is tho first to
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A dreadful accident on . on the Northern Railroad . The accident occurred near Sc hagticoke , to a train en route for Albany . The train , whilepassing over the bridge which spans the Tomhannock , was precipitated into the creek below , a distance of 20 to 25 feet . The water was about 7 or 8 feet deep , and fifteen persons are reported to have lost their lives . About twenty persons were more or less wounded . The moment the train struck the bridge the structure gave way , and a great portion of the train was precipitated into the abyss , but , singular to say , the locomotive got across the bridge , and became detached from the tender .
occurred the 3 rd mst New York News . — At New York , the Honourable John A . M'Donald , premier of Upper Canada , has been honoured with a grand banquet . The Winans , cigar-shaped steamer , had been further tried at Baltimore . It is stated that a uniform speed of 15 miles an hour , carefully timed by the buoys , was attained with 36 revolutions per minute , the boilers working to about one third of their capacity . It is stated that J ohn Mitchell , the Irish exile , was about to discontinue publishing his pro-slavery journal and pay a visit to Europe .
The United States and Mexico . — Private despatches from Northern Mexico state that it is expected within the next three , months that 3 , 000 American troops will be organised on the Rio Grande , properly armed and equipped for the purpose of marching upon the city of Mexico . On the 22 nd of July General Degollado was at Tarhpico , actively preparing for a new campaign . General Garcia had issued a proclamation , at Matamoros , calling the liberals Mo arms . Aconducta with 600 , 000
dols . in specie was on its way to Matamoros . The Juarez decree ^ had been mo 3 fc enthusiastically received . It "was reported than Santa Anna was at Caquetely but this is not believed . Lately advices from Vera Cruz to the 28 th state that Miramon had issued a manifesto in which he promises to protect the clergy in their power and wealth , favours the plan o a dictatorial government , and declares it to be the traditional policy of Mexico to guard against the encroachments of the United States .
South American Revolutions . —From Peru we learn that the revolution of Zehaldos had been quelled , and the troops who revolted and tho people had returned to their allegiance . There was a good deal of talk of war with Bolivia , growing out of the refusal of Peru to punish her prefects for conniving at the invasion of a party of revolutionists of the former country . Chili and New Granada had withdrawn their offers of mediation between Peru and Ecuador . The accounts from Ecuador report that the revolution of Garcia Moreno and his companions against . the government of President Kobles had
completely failed , and Moreno was in Peru . Quito was in the hands of the Government , and all the revolutionists had dispersed . Guayaquil was strictly blockaded by the Peruvian fleet , several foreign vessols having boon prevented latoly from entering the river ,. The President of Peru had not commenced his war against Ecuador , although ho had been forwarding troops to tho Ecuadorian frontier , and making other active preparations for entering the field . Garcia Moreno had joined Castilla , and hoped to aid him , through the defeated revolutionists , in bringing Ecuador to terms .
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THE LATEST GOLD FEVER . By the last accounts from Central America wo learn that at Colon great excitement inconsequence of tho discovery of gold in tho old Indian- burial places near Glifriqui Lagoon . The discovery was accir . dentally made by some of the Creoles settled in this country , who brought golden images from the burial places to Colda for sale . Among these images figures of the crocodile aro frequently found . The Panama Star arid Herald publishes a letter on thja subject from David , which stiys : — " At present over a thousand persons are working in tho district of Boqueron at the places called Mamuda and Buga-Uta , In opening tho ' Huacns' ( Indian gravoa ) there , Ana it is calculated that at least nine nrrobaa ( 225 U > b . ) of flue gold have been extracted , " And
another , in which the writer says : —" I saw 10 , 000 dollars' worth in the hands of one man alone , and there are others who have still more . There are millions of these graves all over the country in this province , and also throughout Central America , enough to emply thousands of men for many years . It is only three weeks since the digging commenced , and the amount of . wrought gold discovered ia enormous . " A letter from Panama says : — " The accounts that continue to reach us of the wealth of these cemeteries or ' huacas' in golden images and trinkets are every day growing more wonderful ; . A hat has been found made of exceeding fine gold and of great
weight . Also a ' gold woman , ' but how large a woman is not stated . It is a little curious , seeing with what contempt the Indians generally treated females , that they should have wasted the precious metal is fashioning one . It must have been a love-sick Indian that , made that figure . Many persons who have gone down are enthusiastic enough to believe they shall find the source whence all this wealth was obtained . They may do so , but it does not follow they will get much gold from it . The Indians only used the article for ornaments , and it is more than likely that they were 200 or 300 years in getting together the quarter of a million dollars worth that may have been buried with their chiefs and great men in this Chiriqui sepulchre .
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No . 491 . An » . 20 . 1859 i THE LEADER . 957
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 20, 1859, page 957, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2308/page/9/
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