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FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
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hiining M . Chavasse ' s Advice to a Mother , we need- only observe that it has reached a fifth edition . Another book , issued by the same publisher , is but yet iiv its first . Dr . Maroet ' s remarks on Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication show itsterrible effect on the . nervous system , and should operate as a moral warning . He recommends the use of oxide of zinc as fitted to control and cure the chronic disorder of the nervous system consequent on abuses that ^ , lead to a morbid condition of the organs of digestion . : s . A . selection , judiciously made , has appeared of striking passages in the works of Mrs . Harriet . Beecher Stowe . with some introductory remarks which are worth perusal . ' We . have also two brochures on the study of languages . Asher on Modern , and De Morentin on The French and Spanish Languages , are well worth consulting . The former contains some excellent remarks on the English tongue . The study of its grammar
the author holds to be a most useful discipline of the mind , exercising * as it does , its higher faculties , and not merely memory * The language , he adds , acknowledging no law but the law of reason and good sense , and its prospects are the most splendid that the . world has ever seen . " It is spreading in each of the quarters of the globe by fashion , by emigration , and by conquest . The increase of population alone in the two great States of Europe and America in which it is spoken adds to the number of its speakers in every year that passes , a greater amount than the whole number of those who speak some of the literary languages of Europe . It is calculated thai * before the lapse of the present century—a time that so many how alive will live to witness—it will be the native and vernacular language of about one hundred and fifty millions of human beings . with the
Besides predominating in the Western world , it has travelled , nomadic natives of the British isles , into their Asiatic dominions , stretching from the Indus to the Ganges ; has established itself in the islands of the Indian Ocean , and on the Chinese coasts ; over the whole face of our antipodes , and on the -western and southern extremities of Africa ! has planted its foot oh the Spanish Rock * and seized . On the Ionian isles , so that from the rising of the sun—aye , unto the setting thereof-r-the uttermost western boundaries of the New World , its accents may be heard , though intermingled with other tongues , that help to enrich it wijhnew words , and contribute to enlarge its vocabulary . " Dr . Asher dwells much and with enthusiasm on the interaction of English and German , and anticipates the greatest results from their union . This little work has been printed at Lei psic . . . . and that of
All subjects may > now-a-days , boast of their " philosophy , " Youth has at length found a sage and teacher to instruct this rising generation in the duty of prudence . Mr . Glass ' s discourse is one of great excellence . Other useful brochures demand their due share of commendation . Among these we distinguish Dr . Smithes Law of Master and Servant , Law and Liberty , a meritorious paper from " Meliora , " and Iiilwall's Bondage in the Bakehouse . We likewise acknowledge wi'h thanks the recent numbers of the Revue Independante . M JVLirecourfs Portrait of Napoleon III . will also amuse , and M . / Manin ' s Letterson the Italian Question will instruct the reader . We can sincerely recommend Mr . Mackenzie ' s Solicitors' Booh-heejnng , The amount and variety of really useful information it contains is quite astonishing ; V book-keeping "by no means comprehends its resources , as will be seen presently . But , first , it cannot be . too often or too earnestiyaffirraed that double entry is the only true method of book-keeping , and here persons desirous of learning that method will find an able exposition of it by Mr . Mackenzie . The plan he recommends for solicitors' accounts is
likewise set out in full , with complete examples , which cannot fail to explain themselves . Next comes the excellent idea of" an exposition of commercial and monetary terms , " which is , in truth , a short dictionary of , the technical language of commerce , and will be found exceedingly convenient for reference ; short and pithy chapters on costs , the charges allowed in conveyancing ,. and interest of money follow—to which are added some well-selected meinoranda on legal measures , the relative value of coins , arithmetical and mercantile sighs , tables of useful dates , a list of some of the most important statutes from Magna Charta downwards , a table of the monarehs of England , and some useful formsin short , the end and objepfc of this little book is utility , an end which we can safely say has been amply secured . We commend it , therefore , cordially to take its place on the tables and desks * not only of solicitors , but of all persons who are much ' engaged in accounts , feeling sure they will find it of no small advantage as a book of reference for those subjects which are constantly recurring in business , but which few men carry in their heads . :
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( BPJGCIAr .. ) Home , March 15 , 1860 . A PAPAL TItAOT . 13 ? it has ever been your Hot to mix in tract-distributing circles , you will doubtless have become acquainted with a peculiar stylo of literature , which , for lack of a more appropriate appellation , I should call the " candid inquirer and intelligent operative " style . The mysteries of religion , tho problems of socinl lite , the intricate casuistries of contending * duties , are all explained in a short and simple dialogue between a maid-servant and her mistress , or a young , a very young" man and his parochial pastor , or a ne ' erdo-weel sot and an industrious , sober artisan . The price is only a penny ( a reduction made on ordering a quantity ) , and the logic is worthy of the price . In its dire distress and need , the Papacy has resorted to the controveraial tract system , us a forlorn hope . Well , after all , it is only fair play . The Pope has had so many millions of tracts published against him , that it is hard if he may not produce one little one in his own defence . In the words of Juvenal , his Holiness may say ,
¦ with truth > " Semper ego auditor tantum , nunquam no roponam . Vexatue totlea V As ft matter of policy , however , if ho has got so very little to say fpr himself , it , would perhaps be wiser if he hold hia tongue . Be that
as it may , the Vatican has thought fit to > bring out a small brown paper tract in answer to the celebrated ^—too celebrated" LePape et Ie Coiigres . " The pamphlet is of the smallest bulk , the clearest type , the best paper , and the cheapest price . In . fact , it only wants the mystic letters , S . P . Pi K ., on the cover , to render it a worthy offshoot , externally as well as internally , of its British progenitors . Mindful of the Horatian dictum , it plunges at once Anmedias res , and starts out of breath in these words ; — " The end of the world has come . Soine want a pope and not a Icing ; others half a pope and half a king ; and ; others again no pope and no king . , .- ^ ± ¦ i . T "And who are these persons—Oathoncs or Protestants , Jews or Phalansterians—believers or unbelievers ? Men who have once believed and believe no longer , of men who have never believed at all ? "Which are the most sincere of the above classes P The last , who say , 'Gox > and the people / and who mean to say , 'No more popes and no more kings . ' Which are the most hypocritical ? fhe second , the men of half measures , who wish for half a pope and half a king , trusting- the while that either pope or king will die of inanition , or at any rate that the king will . Which are the greatest dupes ? The first , who , Pharisee-like ^ offering up their prayers , and going to church once a year , deceive themselves with the idea that the Pope will be more powerful a » d more free in the vestry of St . Peter ' s than in the palace of the Vatican . " ; Any one experienced in tract lore will feel certain that this outbiustNvill be followed by the appearance of the candid inquirer , who comes upon the boards at once in obedience to the call , and addresses the eloquent controversialist with the stereotyped phrases : — ^ "' These three classes of persons who raise an outcry against the temporal power of the Pope ; are of very different stamps . ' I understand whom you allude to ; you mean , the sincere , the moderate , and the devout opponents' of the Papacy . I have , however , one or two questions I should like to ask yon ; would you be kind enough to answer me ?'" , . ,. , , X of course replies that nothing would give him so much pleasure ¦ - and ? during the first dialogue the candid inquirer appears m the chai-aeter of the devout opponent . Tire pamphlet is much too leiie-tliy and verbose to give in full . Happily ., the arguments are : few in number ; and , such as they are , I shall be able to give them succinctly enough for my present purpose , quoting with inverted commas the exact words of the dialogue ,-wl ) erever it rises to peculiar grandeur . X . opens the discussion by carrying an assault at once into the enemy ' s weak places :- — " You devout believers say that a courtis not fitting for a priest : Everybody , however , knows that at the Papal Court the time and money of the public are not frittered away in parties and fetes and dances . Everybody knows , too , that women are not admitted to the Vatican , and therefore the habits of the Court are not effeminate , while the whole of its time is passed in managing State affairs ; and the course of justice is not disturbed by certain feminine passions . " After this startling statement , the devout inquirer wisely deserts the domain of stern fact , and betakes himself to abstract considerations . His first positionthat the Vicar of Christ might to follow the example of ins Master , who had neither court nor kingdom , nor where to lay his head—is upset at once by the argumentwn ad hominem , that , according to the same rule , every believer ought to get crucified . Mo answer to this dilemma suggesting itself to our devout trends nund , X . follows up the assault by asking him , as a deduciio adabsunlicm , whether he should like to see the Pope in sandals like St . Peter V The catechumen falls into the trap at once , flares up at the idea of such degradation being inflicted on the "Master oi kings and Father oi ' the Faithful , " and asks indignantly whether , "for a touch ot 1 Italianita , ' he is to be suspected of having washed away Ins baptism from his brow . " Henceforth , great D ., after Chakles Keade 3 style , becomes little d , Logically speaking , it is all over with him . If the Pope be the Master of kings , lie must by analogy Juive ^ he rights of a master , liberty to instruct and power to correct . The old parallel of a schoolmaster aud his scholars is adduced . P . leels he is caught ; states , in tho stock formula , / " that this purallel between . the Master of kings and the master of scholars puzzles me , . . because it is unimpeachable ; and yet , I don't want to concede everything , and cannot deny everything . " As a last . dfoxt , he suggeflta with hesitation that after ull , a law which seouredjhe Pope perfect liberty of speech , action , and judgment , would fulfil alMiis necessities ; and that . in . other respects , he , nught b < va subject like anybody else . " On this idea X . tramples brutally . J > . w questioned as to how the observance of this law 18 to be enforced , and can give no answer , on which 2 C . bursts into the moat virulent abuse of all liberal governments , in terms qoirimonsurato with the offeijoe . "I suppose , forsooth , you oxpeot observance ot * the law from those liborul governments of youi'B , which make the first use of their liberty to destroy liberty itself ; who exile bishops , and who in the face of all the world break tho plighted fnith of treaties and concordats . 01 * , yea , those governments who spy into the riiosfc secret recesses of family life , and create tho monstrous and tyrannical loi des suspects ! Oh yes , they are sure to respect the liberty aud independence of the Bishop of . Koine ! and you « ro baby enough to believe or imagine it 1 " D . cowers beneuth the moral lash , and hints rather than proposes , that if one country did not respect the Pope ' s freedom , ho could move into another ; though ho wdtnite ^ at , tho name time he cavn see gt ' ave objections to th « plan . Even tins admission is unavailing to protect him from X . ' s savugo onslaught , who winds up another burst of abuse witli these words : xea-l this is no question of the Popo and the lope ' s person , hut of the liberty of all the Church , and of all the epiacoputo , of your liberty
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284 The Leader and Saturday Analyst . [ March 24 , 1860 .
Foreign Correspondence.
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), March 24, 1860, page 284, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2339/page/16/
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