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fession of teacher without having previously qualified himself before the magistrates by producing written and satisfactory testimonials of his character and abilities . The lowest of the places of education are called primary schools , here are taught readings writing and arithmetic : next to them are the secondary schools ^
where are taught the classics and mathematics , and which have public examinations once a year . The Lyceums are superior to these ; of which there is one in every military division . At the head of the Lyceums or provincial colleges is Fontainbleau , the favorite school of Bonaparte , " which he visits frequently In person , and where he collects the young men who are th ^ r most eminent for their abilities , and the most distinguished by the advancements they ha ^ e made in the otKer departments of the empire J' A difference however is observable in the state of
education in Old France and in the conquered countries . In these latter , education is chiefly committed to priests , who stifle knowledge and are afraid of " speaking too plain . " fc It will perhaps be hardly credited , that an esteemed professor in the college of Mons , when asked not long ago by one of his scholars , a
question relative to the antipodes , replied , ' We never talk of tbat , it is an heretical notion' . " The charitable institutions have been organised anew under the reign of Bonaparte , aad are , says Mr . W . on a most
respectable footing . Every principal town has two hospitals , one for the civil and the other for the military department , which are large and well supported . The Beguines and other nuns , whose office is the nursing of the sick , are also permitted to retain their houses ^ There is in every department an orphan schoo ^; there are also numerous Foundling hospitals . The public workhouses are more novel , if not more useful than these
institutions ; with the author ' s description of them , which must highly gratify all our ^ readers , we shall close this article of review . 4 C There rs also in each town a public workhouse , which is open to all who cannot maintain themselves b y their labor , and where they always find employment . All kinds of works are carried on there , and a good dinner of soup and bread provided . The poor who live La the town , ma ^ go there lor their work and their loaf , and return in the eveiw ing to their houses with the money they have gained . Whole families are Admitted if they desire jit . All who can work are employed ; and , the little ones are put into a room together ,, where they are attended bf the aged , who are past labor . So that ,, in fact , there is no necessity that anyone » ho id beg or starve in France / 9
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I $ 4 FTorsley s State of France .
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), March 2, 1806, page 154, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1722/page/42/
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