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Jiis revelation of the fatherly character of the Supreme Being and his promises of boundless mercy . But , above all , death seemed to the eye of sense and natural reason as an all-subduing , eternally-victorious foe , Jesus Christ
by his doctrine , and especially by his resurrection , shewed that the king of terrors was vanquished , and brought life and immortality to light . In the divine plans , death was the consequence of sin , and immortality was the consequence of Christ ' s righteous
submission to death . Through sin , the human race lay under the sentence of mortality , but through the divine mercy , made known and administered by " the mediator of the better covenant , " the sentence and curse were
removed , a general acquittal was proclaimed and " everlasting righteousness was brought in . " The wages of * in is death , " but the gift of God is eternal life , through Jesus Christ , our Lord /' EPISCOPUS .
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have seen , that every eye is a t * Ueo * v tical instrument , on the ground of which light delineates , or paints iu miniature , the portrait of every object situated in the presence of the spectatorOf all the
. subjects of observation with which nature every where abounds , it may justly be said of this organ , that * there is none which more forcibly exhibits in its structure the marks of infinite intelligence .
Having in our last given a descrip . tion of the eye and of its several parts , we shall now endeavour to account for the manner in which vision is achieved . From all the points of
any object that presents itself to the eye , there proceed rays that diverge in every direction , but of these rays those only that enter the eye through the pupil have any effect in producing vision . By means of these a complete image of the object is formed on the bottom of the eye ; but the image made or painted on the retina is reversed , in consequence of the
circumstance that the rays proceeding from points situated on different sides of the middle point , cross one another on passing through the pupil . How this is effected may be seen by taking the eye of an ox recently killed , ami stripping it of its sclerotica behind . If in this state the eye be placed in a hole made in the window-shutter of
a dark room , with the corner outwards , we shall see in the transpa rent membranes of the opposite part , distinct images of the exterior objects . This truth admitted , viz . that the instant an object is before the eye , that object has its portrait on the bottom or back of the organ ; it should seem that vision required no
farther illustration , but that we may be led to suppose that our eyes ar « already trained , and that the merfl presence of objects is sufficient for the impressions made on the retina and transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain , to enable th £ mind to- repre-— — — ^ p —~ —^ ^^ ^^ V - ¦ - — V —m * - ^^ - ^_^ ^ K ^^ V ¦ I P —^ » M
sent those objects to itself p recisely as they are , and in the places wherc they are . It will however , upon reflection , be quite evident rhaUoniething more is necessary , considering that the image which is painted on the retina is . a simple surface figu reu and coloured , without relief , aiid _ is moreover the result merely of JB action which the extremities of t rays that touch it exert on the org ^ '
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itiO Natural Theology . No . II . —The Eye
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— - ^^^^——Natural Theology . No . Ill , On the ' eye . ( Continued from p . 104 . ) He that formed the eye ^ shall he not see ? HE ancient philosophers had Tvery imperfect notions of the manner in which vision is effected .
They simply knew , in general , that the eyes were the instruments of it . Imperfect , however , as were their ideas on the subject , the wisdom and foresight manifested in the operation , and in the structure of the organ , did not escape their observation . They
admired the position of the eye , in the most elevated part of the head , whence , like a centinel , it could overlook a multitude of objects with a single glance . They admired its extreme mobility and the ease with which it could be turned in every possible direction , and thus , as it were ,
multiply itself by the variety of its sensations . They admired the suppleness of the lids , ready at all times to cover the eyes as with a veil , to protect them from the impression of too vivid light or the attack of exterior objects , or to aid the power of sleep over the whole frame . But these and other
observations of the same kind , relate only to neighbouring circumstances ; the intimate mechanism of vision they had not thought of penetrating . It is now completely ascertained , as we
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Citation
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Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), March 2, 1815, page 160, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1758/page/32/
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