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    * The object ef the present volume is to point out the effects and the advantages which arise from the use of tools and machines ; to endeavour to trace both the causes and the consequences of applying machinery to supersede the skill and power of the human arm . A view of the mechanical part of the subject , will , in the first instance , occupy our attention , and to this the first section of the work

    will be devoted . The first chapter of the section will contain some remarks on the general sources from whence the advantages of machinery are derived , and the succeeding nine chapters will contain a detailed examination of principles of a less general character . The eleventh chapter contains numerous sub-divisions , and is important from the extensive classification it affords of the art in which copying is so largely employed . The twelfth chapter , which completes the first section , contains a few suggestions for the assistance of those who propose visiting manufactories .

    * The second section , after an introductory chapter on the difference between making and manufacturing , will contain , in the succeeding chapters , a discussion of many of the questions which relate to the political economy of the subject . It was found that the domestic arrangement , or interior economy of factories was so interwoven with the more general questions , that it was deemed nnadvisable to separate the two subjects . The concluding chapter of this section , and of the work itself , relates to the future prospects of manufactures , as arising from the application of science . '—p . 1 , 2 .

    The author observes that ' the advantages which are derived from machinery and manufactures seem to arise principally from three sources : The addition which they make to human power—the economy they produce of human time—the conversion of substances apparently common and worthless into valuable products . —p . 6 . The first is shown by the various modes of moving a block of squared stone , in the quarry , of 1080 pounds weight , as ascertained by actual experiment . To drag it along the roughly chiselled floor required a force equal to 758 pounds ; over a floor of wooden planks , 652 pounds ;

    on a , platform of wood over a floor of planks , 606 pounds ; by soaping the two wooden surfaces it only needed a force of 182 pounds ; upon rollers of three inches diameter it was moved by a force of 34 pounds , on the floor of the quarry ; and by one of 28 pounds over the floor of planks ; and when mounted on a platform , with the rollers between that and the plank floor , a force of 22 pounds sufficed . Thus with each contrivance there is a saving of power , and the force required is reduced from two-thirds of the weight of the stone to be moved , down to onefiftieth .

    The following is a specimen of the economizing of time : — In dividing the knotted root of a tree for the purposes of fuel , how very different will be the time consumed , according to the nature of the tool made use of ! The hatchet or the adze will divide it into small parts , but will consume a large portion of the workman ' s time . The saw will answer the same purpose more effectually and more quickly . This in its turn is superseded by the wedge , which rends it in a still Shorter time . If the circumstances are favourable , and the workman skilful , the time and expense mav be still further reduced by the use of

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    Critical Notices . —On the Economy of Machinery , Sfc . 6 £ 3

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• Citation
  • Monthly Repository (1806-1838) and Unitarian Chronicle (1832-1833), Sept. 2, 1832, page 643, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/mruc/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1820/page/67/