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LEEDS COURT HOUSE.
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TO ffHE PE OPLE OF YORKSHIRE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ jT Friexds , —The day we arrived at Fixbt was ^ d » s < i winterly . The treei and park were all covered ^ gjL gnow . The north-east -wing of the Hall , -which j ^ Ifceen sometime unoccupied , -was in a state of great ^» pidstion . The dry rot had destroyed many of its gjniss . The Library iras f ontithed -with a quantity of ^ mles , spread upoa stnnr . Altogether , the
appeargges * "ere gloomy and inauspicious . The furniture fkidi had made our little cottage in Lekds comfort-£ } t , seemed lost in the large rooms -which were now ^ imed to us . Its quality wa » little suited to the hishikgs of the apartments where it was now placed ^ fe commended ourselTes to that God who had most jjarreflously brought ua tiiere , eaitre&ting His blessing { C our exertions to be useful in that new sphere in ¦ Mch Hia kind providence had called -us to move .
Desolate and ehniy as was the family mansion , the j , « at \ es of Mature could not be effaced , by the absence (/ the proprietor . Fond , as I always have been , of jnr&l life , the ¦ srant of comfort within was abundanUy jonpensated by the beauty of the scenery without , aid by the hope that our residence there might be ose&l to the people amongst whom we were abo * U to reside . I determined to employ the powers and means which jjiy important appointment gave me , not to enrich « yself , but , as far as possible , for the benefit of all smoaest -whom I dwelt ; and especially of the tenants , Tho suffered so much from the absence of their landlord .
I ha-1 not forgotten what Fixbt vxa in the days of my boyhood , before it had been deserted by Mr . ^ hobshili- The anecdotes of the hospitality and mtmiSeence of the oH Thornhills , for many generations , were remembered by me ; and although I dared not tope to revive the ancient reputation of the place ,. I did resolve , that , so far as- itwae possible , the name d Thokxhill should regain somewhat of its forcer renown in Us am district ; _ aa 4 , f ^» t fpt « s j Htti ¦ ^ art *^ . if 1 had 3 B&' *^ pWr | o accompliA H , b « once more recognised as the mansion of a *• fine old English gentleman , " who was the lard of a large and influential estate . I had heard of the " Fine Old English Gentleman all of the olden time , " who formerly occupied the home of the " Who kept tip the old mansion At a bonnfifnl old rate—Antf who placed a good old porter To relieve the good old poor at the gate : " And who ,
" When winter old brooght frost and cold , They opened house to all ! For was the houseless wanderer E " er driTen from their hall—For , while they feasted all the great , They ne ' er forgot the smaLL " Yes , my friends , the fame of Old Fixbt was very deax to me ; and , although I co-aid not but reverence the reasons which had induced Mr . Thorxhill to baaiih himself from the hall of his fathers , ( which he fully explained to me , ) I did moan his absence , and I resolved , to the utmost of my power , nay , even beyond ay power , to render that absence as little injurious to his naate and estate as possible .
My means were very limited . I had agreed with Hr . Thosxhtil to manage this Tast estate for a salary of three hundred pounds a year , without one farthing of fergvisite in aay shape . For myself , I had no anxiety ; I believed that I was settled for life ; and 1 felt assured , if I left a widow , that Mr . Thokxhill would provide for her . I was emboMend in this persuasion by many Acts of 'kindness which h « had shewn to widows—and ty the first question he asked me , after my father ' * death : — " Has your father left your mother in comfort-Able circumstances ? " said the Squire . " He has , " was my reply . " Excuse my asking—I have no wish to enquire into your family a 3 airs ; but I did icish to knave
&us far f responded Mr . Thobxhill . Did I mistake , when I interpreted his meaning to be , " If he had not , I would make her bo ? " I believed that to be his meaning . Under this impresBion I acted during the whole feme that I held the Stewardship—and Mi . Thors-HILL knew it I received to care only for the tvxtoa -and estate of my patron—and leave the © vent with him . I Lave done so . 1 hare spent ail , and more t ^* " all , in his service ; and even now I do not regret True , my reward from Mm has been discharge—banishmentfofaji » flWj ^ iBd fee inost tyrannical persecWom;—but liiw ^^ lteBal t « warf , «* & * hit estd& eotdd net ^ J . pptSp [ IIImi * iciW rt thai I do not ' -dwerrehis
^ Bared , w 3 aTBm ' penmaslbs ; wst"k $ " " >? fll sartlay do Be justice . I possess also , the love and sympathy of thousand ^ of my fellow-countrymen , who have watched my con-¦ fiact , as Steward , for many years . Above all , 1 know "fiat the nmaeroos tenants upon the estate , amongst Tiom liare resided , still cherish forme sentiments ef ¦ enesiQ and friendship . I know of enly one exception , Tfcere I shoula not now be received wiih the most crdia ! friendship amongst the tenants—and that one hit professed more friendship than a 51 the rest . 1 mean file Syzr . id . Yes . tdt friends , I cannot but feel happy : Bay , I nay well feel proud ; that , after having had the -enxira management of the Tuob . > hili . Yorkshire
es ^ it « , the owner of them , who has been absent the whcflefcns , and many years before , is the only indi-710 . 1221 xho feels himself justified in persecuting me ; and the most favmr . g flatterer , the only one who maligns me . ;—that I can appeal to every person , of every rani and of every party , who has had the opportunity of watching my conduct , if , on all occasions , I have not endeavoured , to do honour to the name , and to defend the property of Mr . Thoe . nhill . I had not been long at Fixbt before very advantageous offers Were mile to me , by ¦ which my income vodd haTe been Terr mnch increased ; I felt wedded to the spot I loved my master ; I delighted in his tenana , and I refused every offer of advancement I felt is though the union were for life .
Mr . Thox > 'HILl , yon are aware , resides , and has leaded for many years , in >" OBroLK . In that county sad in Suffolk , he has purchased large tracts of land . Owing to the entail on the York si re estates , his son sad daughter could not inherit them . It became therefore the duty of iheir father , to obtain as much money a possible from Yorkshire , in order to improve his property in the South , for the for tunes of his children . This fact is the grand secret of all my hopes and sasic-ties .
Having experienced much kindness from Mrs . TnoKNHill , - than whom , a more excellent wife , mother , or friend , could not liTe , ; I felt much pleasure in doing all that could be done , at whatever S 3 rri 3 ce , to forward Mr . Thobnhill's prov ; dental plans . Many and con- ' stant were the sacrifices which I have felt myself bound ' to make on that aciount >" o one can conceive the i anxiety occasioned by the constant knowledge , that the ] Yorkshire estates under my management , must be ' always considered and dealt with , merely as the milch i crjvr to the Norfolk dairy—united to the determina- tion oa my part , that the Yorkshire tenantry should feel this as litde as possible .
These facts were all well known to Mr . Thornhjll ; they wrre , as I shall hereafter shew yon , fully explained to him ; his cruel ingratitude to me is much increased by that knowledge . Had Mrs . Thomhii ! liTed , 1 am sure that his conduct towards me would have been Tery different But I am forgetting myself ; * must leave off these observations , and pursue my narr&tive . Well , then , settled upon such an important estate , situated in the very heart of the manufacturing J districts ; surrounded by such a numerous tenantry ; I ' . great and Email , the number is 91 > S ; : -with many woods ' j j
Rose quarries , and some collieries—and funds on many i fcmpike roads—I found myself , though very poor , a i Person of no little consequence . It would have been i very easy to have formed acquaintance with all the founding gentry ; and to have lived a life of pleasure < 7 habits and feelings led me to adopt a difierent ° *»« . Whilst I reaolred to Omit hospitality to all * & > visited Fixbt on business , < and they were not a **>) I determined , before I formed any new connec-*"" " in that neighbourhood , first , to become intimately ^ srell acquainted with the tenants and the estate , devoted about three years exclusively to the acquire-^ ttt of this necessary information . j
So successful was I in gaining the knowledge of the * Psrs , wishes » nr ) wants ; and , ( as far as the anfor-* 2 ate circumstances in which the property was placed , ^ - -Q permit me . ) in attending to the wishes of the •* aaa—that I can fearlessly appeal to them , if they «* not universally look up to me as their friend ? and ttf 7 did not generally refer to me , in all cases of trial ^ difficulty » The rent days were always looked for «
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ward to as periodical meetings of friends . If eyer a Landlord , iwho was personally unknown , and was only reflected by his Steward , ) was beloved by his tenants , it was Thomas Thorkhill : —if ever the tenants , on an absentee estate and the steward were united as one family—it was so at Fixby . If these are not facto , my friends , you are surrounded by witnesses who can contradict me . If they are acknowledged troths , say , do I deserve the treatmetft I have received from Mr . Thobnhill '
It was necessary alao that a Steward , so sitnsted Ehould endeavour to cnltivate a friendljcf ^ lwoonrae with the Stewards of the snrrounding > nl [ tu . This I never failed to do , and was eminently laecessful Tfce ^ result of this mode of proceeding was exemplified in the peace of the district—in the quiet disposition of the tenantry ; which was shown in thf faet , that , for many years , I believe , the law charges ¦ upon the whole of Mr . Thor . nhill ' s Yoekshibe estates did not amount to more than five or six pounds a-year . I had no favourites amongst the tenants hence there was no jealousy , which is the mother of law-suits . *
It WjBulff be tedious if I were to enter into particuisrs .- —suffice it to say , that , during the whole period of my stewardship , I -maintained the frinrifA intercourse with the tenants , neighboon ^ MB ^ r , ^ d liii'jgMiiiiiilir fatflemen . Differ ^ « " we sighCabout politics , on all matters connected with the estate we were friends . It was always my habit to treat all with hospitality suitable to their rank . I was resolved , while I lived at Fixbt , that its owner should not be disgraced by me . The neighbouring poor found some little relief at the steward ' s door—and often , when I have called upon the poor tenants for arrears of rent , their poverty , their destitution , has been such , that , instead of asking for rent , I have left relief .
I once discovered that a poor honest tenant had sold h 5 s blankets to pay his rent—he was not , however , long before he had them replaced . On one occasion I had the honour to entertain Mr . Thormiill's son-inlaw , the brother of Lord Portju . n . Of course , these thing 3 were expensive , annually eating up not only my small salary , but also the money which I had from time to time bequeathed to me , as well as that which I earned by valuations and arbitrations , and by a few fortunate purchases in land . I relied on the honour of my axis tocratic master . You know , my friends , how I have been rewarded .
When Mr . Thornhill'S property was interfered with by roads , canals , water-works , railroads , or any other public matter , I can fearlessly appeal to every gentleman engaged upon , or connected with , them , if Mr . Thorshill ' s interests were not always watched and protected with diligence and skill by me ? My efforts in the settlement of the Halifax tithequestion are known to you all ; they resulted in a charge upon Mr . Thornhill ' s estates , so small , ( in proportion to the demand ) that I hesitate not to say
if the estates were now to be sold , they would sell for twenty thousand pounds more than they would have done , if the Yiear's claim had been left undefined , -which , it i 3 certain , would have been the case , had I not exerted myself in that cause . To me , the result of that struggle was a long , severe , painful , and very expensive illness , and a broken constitution ; besides a large pecuniary loss . >" ot one farthing did Mr . Thob > "Hii . l ever reward me with for all that exertion , loss , and pain . '
In all the county elections , too , I resolved that Mr . Thobshill's name should be known , and his influence respected . It was generally supposed by all parties that he paid all my expenses . Nc- ^ -no : they were paid oy myself . Some hundreds of pounds have been thus ejpended . bv me , but Mr . Thorshixl has received Die eredii . I know that I have ofter been charged with hiring been influenced in my politics by Mz . Thd&khxu
Sfcror was there " i more false charge . He thought It folly to interfere in elections -, becuuse , when he did so for Lord Milton , the vras then a Whig ) he was not noticed by his Lordship . He was not rewarded . I , on the contrary , might have been well paid , if I would have canvassed against my principles . But , believing it was Mr . Thorsbill ' s duty to mix in Yorkshire politics , I , as in other cases , resolved , at my own expense , to make up for his lack of service . Do I complain ? Not I , indeed ; but Mr . THORNHILL'S conduet has made it my duty to justify myself . >' ow , my friends , these statements are either true , or they are false . These things were not done in a comer . If th&y are not true , think you that I dare publish them ? I -will prove , before I conclude this narrative , that Mr . Thornhill knows that they are true .
; For the . present , let it suffice , that I thus spent in j his service all I earned , all I had left to me—all my I little salary , and then borrowed from the man for ! yrhom J had spent all ; and , when I vraa in the 1 course of repaying him , he discharged me , apj pealed to you , and said I had defrauded him , and I neglected his business . Happy is it for me that his ! own t > ook 3 and his own hand writing will prove the 1 - ^
* . ¦ falsehood of his charge against me . After all , you will ; perhaps say that I am rightly served for not " feathering i my nest" when I had the opportunity—for not making a fortune when I had the means of doing it . My friends . I do not even now regret . I acted upon i the principle that " property ba 3 duties as well as j pririU'rys "—and I know that the award of posterity on rny exertions ¦ will be approval I mistake if the time is I not ccar when Mr . Thob .. \ hiill will find that I have
been a better friend to Mm and hia children than the Welsh Attorney , the Yicar of Calveriey , 0 ? even the " monstrous clever fellow" whom he is now so proud to call h : s ste"rcnL Xothing is more true tlian " that property has ! TS DUTIES AS WELL AS ITS PRIVILEGES . " I am well a-svare teat many landlords forget this truth . I know that Mr . Tiiormjill has been so long absent from his Yorkshire estates , that he has persuaded himself that the only connection between an absentee landlord and his tenairts , is the receipt and payment of rent ! That
the poor and the Church liave no claims upon him , and that ic is foolish to think of entertaining those vrlio call on business at his forsaken mansion ! He -would have had me tell them " to hang their horses at the office door ; " and , when I had finished business with them , to have ll sent them off without further notice . " This did not suit me—and , in the long run , I knew that it would not be to the interest of the owner . If hindlords forget and neglect their duties , they must expect that , very soon , tenants will also forget theirs : but more on this subject , my friends , as I proceed with my narrative . ill
! ! , It is impossible that the principles on vrhich I have ! acted can eventually lead to disgrace . It is scarcely likely tkat , in the end , they will lead te poverty . We shall ste . Time is a true tale-teller . But , be my fate i where or what it may , I shall not envy the owner of ! Ffxbt , when I remember that he has a conscience , ¦ although he may have put it to sleep . I I am not aware that Mr . Thomas Thorshill ever charged me "with neglect before he complained to ! you . I belifeve that he -will find it impossible to prove ¦ that I ever neglected any order which he gave me , j excepting , when he ordered me to discharge Mr . Jamxs j Thokpsox from his house and farm at Calverly ; and , ) rather than obey that order , I would haTe lost my j right hand : !—because it ttxmld have been an act of : injustice ! 1 I believe no one xriQ say , that I ever , on any account , j neglected to be present , when Mr . Thorkhill's busii ntes required my attention ; or that any thing entmsted to me , on his affairs , was noi duly , punctually , and re-: gularly attended to and proceeded with .
I am not aware , that in one single instance , during my -whole term of service , that his business was neglected by me . True—latterly I did not visit Calveb-LET , excepting on rent days , and on other special occasions . The reason for that absence was well knewn to Mr . T . it was fully explained to him bv myself . He
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ertjfiljtftlla sort of spS-rural ^ a , « w « -V > S * y » i ^ i ^ tifc ^ d < spy , and inform- ^ iS I ^ B ^ -sm ^ & ( I-tw ^ Kmay not I ' '" ' ^ ' ^ M ~ ttOifiii iiiijfmt I « p ^ of that Polios oo r ^ ^ i ^| jl ( fiyoutt ^ I acts % proud to « wr * f « d «; ^^^ ct ^ m , j $ -&m a eqmdkkmi , excepting when I 3 CW . obliged to t | K U » t erc ||| l left it under the care ted nteaa ^ a ^ »* efc of lel | jjW 8 , whom Mr . THORHHitt-lad ; * eft 3 B tote hiiinfimeri ; and ^ I told him ad , a » yoa : dflB see in due time . ~ * v . ' - V :.
By person * wbo Tare not known mo , I hvti sometimes been charged with intolerance aad a d « te toprevent the education of the poor . ; T am wiffijg alwaf 8 to be tested by facts . I appeal to tho Meth * dtste and Dissenters on the estates , ( and there were msary , ) did I ever refuse my exertions on your beh * M for chapels or for schools ? I know that I nerjBr did . For tha Church , too , I was anxious to obtain eTery aid . " ..
To every person connected with the estates I c&B fearlessly . appeal : —Did I ever refuse to do justice towards ypu , because in politics , ; religion , or any ot&g piatterjnre held different jftptuions ? I know thai / never « 3 d . Let the poor labourers on the estates answer —Otil > I not always resist the lowering of yam whgifei when prjfljttfeE Mr . Thorhhili , to do so ; J ^ MUlfif iritaftRBvMB no ' right to complain , receiving , as
he was , « raWatarger advance in rent than 70 a were receiving in wage * ? This will fully demonstrate before I have done . Let the most abject , the most destitute individual , say : —Did I ever refuse to hear his talo of woe , however' long ? - —or , if I had the power , did I ever refuse to grant relief ? 1 knew I never did . Excuse me , Yorkshiremen ; I am forced before your bar by my grand accuser . I must be permitted to tell the truth , and appeal to aU , both rich and poor .
It so happened , as you , my friends , are aware , that after I had become master of the business of the estate , it was my habit to spend much time amongst the poor ; and that , hearing of the sufferings of the factory children , I endeavoured to make an impression on the mind of the public in their behalf . The mention of this fact opens a field too wide for the conclusion of this letter . For the present , therefore , I subscribe myself , My friends , Yours , right truly , Richard Oastler . No . 8 , Rawstorne-street , Brompton , Middlesex , March 3 rd , 1840 .
P . S . I have just received a very kind letter from my Paddock friends ; it is delightful thus to be assured of the continued esteem of my old neighbours . Amongst other things they say , — " We are glad to hear your determination to meet ' the Squire . ' We hope to have the honour of being your body guard . We are still loyal ' subject * -, ' many a day have we fought together ; we have not forgotton you . The people of Paddock are very anxious about your welfare , and feel proud of being your supporters , always hoping soon to see you in our neighbourhood . " Thank you , my right trusty friends . When "the Squire " settles at FiXBY / let me know ;—then shall we meet again .
I rejoice also to find that the opposition to the accursed New Poor Law , in the Huddebsfield Union , waxes hotter and hotter . May God—the avenger of the poor—give the people a completes speedy , and a bloodless victory , over the Three Devil-Kings , and all their cowardly minioni ! The following words , from my Paddock letter , are worth printing—and they shall be printed : — "The Guard ans have stopped the supplies ! "We are maintaining the poor by
subscription . The 'Lawis ' working well . ' The Whi g * are getting sick of it—they have more to pay—the poor are not relieved—and some of the Guardians , { Ba » - tilers ) say , they will not stand another year for fifty pounds ! " Tljank youj ^ my Paddock boya , tat this ff od ^ fwa . ytstm-i ^ m Itesyw -mhAj ymr TftwtHa flag J You ~ wffir not relish them the less , because they are proposed by your " Old King , " though he be a " a discharged steward" in exile .
Another . Middlesex County meeting was held at the Freemasons' Tavern , last Friday . I attended —but , worse and worse , not one word could I hear—I assure you not oneipord from any of the speakers . All was confusion , riot , abuse , fighting , collating , tearing coats , cursing , screaming , swearing , grunting , mewing , baying , stamping , whistling , braying , hissing , hooting , groaning , and such like . Still , no police—no
unwashed—all , as before . Gentlemen , d-e-1-i-b-e-r-a-ti-n-g . It is so odd to me , that they can , at any time , spare the London police , to kick up riots in the country , but cannot empley them to quell riots here I really do not understand it . I met with a most pleasing circumstance at that meeting ; but I have neither room nor time to tell it now . It will keep till next week . I know that it will please you , and you shall then have it R . O .
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INFORMATIONS AGAINST THE " NEW MORAL WORLD . "
IMPORTANT DECISION OF THE MAGISTRATES . On Wednesday , Mr . Joshua Hobson , printer and publisher of the " Northern Star , " '' New Moral World , " &c , &c ., appeared before Edward Grace , and Darnton Luptoa , E 3 qrs ., the sitting magistrates , to answer five several informations against him for publishing an unstamped newspaper . The informations were laid in the name of Mr . W . Pearson Fox , an Officer of Stamps , residiBg at Leeds . Mr . Hill , Barrister-at-law appeared in support of the informations ; and Mr . Palfkeyman , of Sheffield , on behalf of Mr . Hobson , who was accompanmed to the Court House by Robert Owen , Frederick HoIIick , of Sheffield , and other friends . On the case heing called on , Mr . Palfreymas objected that the name of the paper not being stated in the informations , they were informal ; but
The Magistrates , after a short consultation , overruled tho objection . The cases were then proceeded with , the Prosecutor taking the informations separately . Mr . H then said that it now became hia duty to state that the information which he appeared to support was laid in the name of W . Pearson Fox , an . Officer of Stamp ? , residing at Leeds , against Mr . Joshua Hobson , printer and publisher of the same town , for publishing a newspaper not dul y stamped . HethoHght it his duty to state that the information was laid with a view , in the first place , to snpport the revenue , and , secondly , in justice to other persons who paid a large amount of money for newspaper stamps , and who were , therefore , injured by
the practice of the offence charged upon Mr . Hobson . The information upon which he proceeded was laid under the 6 th and 7 th William IV ., chapter 76 . By the 17 th section of that Act it was provided that any person printing or publishing , or causing to be printed or published an unstamped newspaper , should be liable to a penalty of £ 20 for every such offence ; and a newspaper was , by the game act , defined to be a paper containing the public news , intelligence , and occurrences of the day . The 27 th section of the said Act provided that the said penalty might be sued for by her Majesty ' b Attorney-General , Solicitor-General &c , &c , or any person appointed by the Commissioners of Stamps , or ( and to this he begged the attention of the Court ) by any offiotr 0 / Stamps , and recovered before any justices of the peace in the Kingdom . Hobson whom the
Mr . , against information was laid , resided at No . 5 , Market-street , in that town , and was printer and publisher of the Northern Star , a journal which had acquired considerable celebrity in that and the adjoining counties . He also printed and published an unstamped paper , entitled the "New Moral World" and it was again 6 t this paper the information was laid . The evidence he should produce in this case would be very short . He should first have to prove that Mr . Fox , in whose name this information was laid , was an officer of t ^ e Stamp Duties , and Mr . Fox would appear before them . He should next have to prove that Mr . Hobson printed or published , or caused to be printed or published , the unstamped paper in question . In order to do this , he should bring a witness who would prore he bought a number of this papex at
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J |^;| fe » H shop , in MarkegM *« et j and , as it * g * S ^* ? *» Printer , this fWjfcai would proro . Ijtetfcg ^ aMiBhed it alg < K ffs a&oald 4 t » n . h » Tft fl 8 mj || p | % ; to dp but to pEojejhat . it contained WttmPm 8 $ &y a * " * ocourreiice £ « f the day , and ^ I # ^ i 8 ig » P ared ; k d C tftat it was not KwgwouSlpar ^ W& * # « ie paWici- ; ¦ P- Peii ^ rrox , M whose i&Ra : Uw iaffc ¦ H&fras laid ) who proved that he % is in officer lF « aiH > Duties . r " - ffl ^ Jam und Pe $ Wmocfc deposed that he is the |* m of tfie distribijlar of stamps fo * the Leeds Dis-¦ . f *«» J m koowfl the defendant ; knows his shoilr fa MwBet-street ; went to the shop on the 15 th ;
I Vere Mr . Hobson said there was no occasion whatever to proceed / with fte depositioa 0 / $ fe witness , as h » freely admitted the publication % , ftn ? 8 t | on . - . . ¦' ¦; ¦¦ ; . : ' . ¦ - . V : ' v ¦ - ' : ' '— - :-. Mr . Hiin , thei said that It only remained to show : thatv toe nifcnber purchased by Mr , Willook contained accpontaof occurrences of the <| ay . He then d «« tedjfce attention of the magistrates to page U 1 I , wtuou contained accounts 01 what bad passed at Worcester , Coventry , &c , &c , account ^ of discnss ^ nB , &e ^ thereby giving public news , Jntflilli-Ren ^ aad occurrences ; of the day . There wa « 4 lso J ^ b itaft thisJ number was unstamped I % a < - W » , ' l 3 yuat » M ^< m tW part of Mr . ' . HofsoB , co * rider « fethat upoh the merits of the case , he had aij answer iri ^ rfl to the charge brought . against that gentJemnriT but he trusted thatin his address
, , he should not toy a word that might , in the remotest degree , be calculated to wound the religious feelings and opinions of any one . The paper against which the information was laid , was called ' the New Moral World , or Gazette of the Universal Cammunily Society of Rational Religionists , and had now been published for a considerable length of time , as this number purported to be No . 69 of the new series . Ho was prepared to show that this Journal was not liable to bo stamped , as it was the organ of a society duly enrolled under the Friendly So-Acts ;
cieties' , adding to the usual rules of such societies certain religious doctrines . This he thought the Learned Gentleman ought to have alluded to , but hehadsaid nothing whatever upon the subject . The 60 th Geo . III . c . 9 . was now in full force , ( excepting some portions relating to the amount of Stamp IfegtyiOn newspapers , &c . ) and the act mentions : — . *••» % " If any person shift fcell or expose to sale any pamphlet or other paper , not being duly stamped , if required to be stamped , such person shall , for every such offence , forfeit the sum of £ 20 . "
But there were certain exceptions , which were as follows :--" That nothing in this act shall extend to Acts of Parliament , proclamations , orders in council , and acts of state , ordered to be printed by his Majesty , his heirs or successors , or his or their sufficient and authorised officers ; or to any printed votes or other matters , by order of either House of Parliament ; or to books commonly used in the schools of Great Britain and Ireland , or books or PAPERS CONX aa S . 9 NfY MATTERS OF DEVOTION ,
PIETY , OK CHARITY . " ' That the New Moral World was a publication thus xempted , he could bring the authority of some of the highest personages of the land ; who had declared that if this paper was liable to prosecution as an unstamped newspaper , every other paper , moral , religious , and piouS i was equally liable to such prosecution . Let the court look at the useful publications , for the purpose of abolishing intemperance , and other similar journals , and they would perceive at once that all such publications would be liable if the New Mor t al World was so . That paper only published intelligence concerning the body to which it belonged ; and he wo nld
earnestly beg the bench to look over it , and see if there was ever the slightest hint of intelligence not of the nature alluded to . Mr . Hobson , in publishing this journal , had but followed the example of a gentleman ( Mr . Baines , M . P . ) who had since been thought worthy of a seat on that bench . That . gentleman had printed the Temperance Herald , which notoojy ga ' ro reports of the proceedings of thefriends of the-TemJ ^ erance cause all ^ ver the kingdom , but actually , weekVterw « ek , contained thej ? l # fleedu » JSs ^ a ^^^ Sd sSS ^ r ^^^^ Kff ^^ V ^^ 1 ^^ k ^ Xf ^ i&eraajKCTt ^ apoa whlc ^^ lhS duty matt have beto . toaid , land therefore it mast , aa well as the
NwMoral-Wtyrld . have passed through kite hands of the stamp distributors . He might instance other publication ^ such as the Saturday Magazine , the Athenaum ^ &c . &c . whicH were similarly circumstanced—they contained articles of news , were unstamped , and yet , they must have come under the notice of the Stamp Officers , as they paid duties for advertisements , and therefore he thought that the present information could not have been laid with the knowledge of the Commissioners of Stamps . The evil which would be done to pious and religious
publications j as well as to the cause of temperance by » a conviction in this case , would be so great that he thought tho bench would not entertain the application of the Learned Gentleman . On referring to page Hll , of the number which they were then proceeding upon , and which , as it had been put in as evidence , he had a right to read , he found that the New Moral World had been established for six years , and he had therefore a right to infer , that its existence must have been known to Government He also found two facts mentioned . The first
was" When the prosecutions of the unstamped newspapers were raging in 1835-3 G , the New Moral World was frequently seized among the country parcels of these newspapers , and was invariable sent forward by the stamp officers to the vendors , as they did not consider it a newspaper . " Then followed this sentence : — " When the present series was commenced , sixtyeight weeks ago , it was deemed advisable that a portion of the impression should be stamped , for the convenience of country districts : and Mr . Owen waited upon the Commissioners of Stamps in London , with the first number , to make arrangements for that purpose . The paper waa referred to their Solicitor , who said that it was not a newspaper , and did not come within the meaning of the act . The Commissioners therefore declined to permit its being stamped , until it was so altered as to come under the law . 1 This it has never been . It never gives intelligence of any description , save of the proceedings of our society , to its members : and in doing this , it comes under the exemptions of the acts of Parliament applying to the publications of all religious bodies . 'We neither meddle with political nor party agitation of any kind ; but keep our pa&es exclusively devoted to the principles and progress of our society . "
Here was evidence of the light in which this publication was looked upon by the Stamp Office . The body to which it belonged waa a religious body and as it only contained news relating to them as such it was exempted by the act he had quoted . Not only were the buildings where they mot registered as place 3 of worship , but he knew that the Archdeacon of this diocese had also licensed them . He himself did hot belong to them—he did not agree with them in their peculiar views—but he was a friend to toleration ; aid this he would say , that if the magistrates were tlWecide as to what were really religious views , some would decide one way , and some another , and so the different religious bodies would have
to locate themselves in the neighbourhood of such magistrates as they supposed might be favourable to them . This body , therefore , claimed th . right of exemption from stamp duty given them by the 60 th Geo . III . ; and they considered they had the same rights as any other religious society , or as the temperanco societies . This was clear ; but in case the flench should think this evidence not sufficient he had -thought it right to recommend that Mr Owen should be present on this occasion That gentleman had waited on the Commissioners of btamps with the three first numbers of tha nrM » nt
series , in order to get them stamped ; and the Secretary , and . theCommissioners . thcn present at the Board after a careful perusal of them , came to the conclusion that it would be necessary to remodel the publication , and introduce new matter into it , before it could be stamped . Th » paper , in no single instance , contained a line of intelligence not connected with their peculiar views ; and as , by the Act , the stamps for every paper must bo furnished beforehand each newspaper having its own peculiar stanm ' and as none but Commissioners of Stamps could furnish such Stamps , and they having refused to do so they considered this was the best authority possible iu ineir
* j-uuusuiug paper unstamped . The naDer was also sent to the officer of stamps in Leeds bv Mr . Hobson , who regularly paid the stamp duties on the advertisements , and who had in his possession a stamp receipt for the payment of such duties up to January 1 st , 1840 , and therefore there could be no wish on his part to defraud the revenue , as this thing was not done in a corner . When , therefore Mr . Hobson received this summons , ho raiahtnot have been aware that tho informations were Against this paper ; and he could never have conceived that tnoy were laid at the instance of a body who had
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. dqegwed to stamp the jj » pfr . Mr . Paifreyman then m ( med to the Bench abyogfcTnumbers of the journal , ittgrder tojhow th »»» % ationh » d takto place ^ iS ^ og ^ Owen 8 | W |^ J ^ ^ (^ missiblijirs , , ©« jfc * ud "fJ ^ jJJ ^ pAS'be aworn in the « S ( , mjr . Oyea ^ dThe ^ ll ^^ rm ^ ' aOa ; tiAiM ^ i ]* P ^ 8 fe ^ i ^ te 4 r ^ jfeiLS * ypK Mr . Owen was Mr . Palfjkyman £ H 9 Kd J& attention to Hk l » t » d 2 « df ^ ria , ^ lCbT ^^ K * i ^ d required ,. « a » V have s ^ oWhidfflSertaW ^^ k ^^^^ fW . binding ; »* i having { gaefciM Jot au 3 flr « r Afrit would be aapHnding as any oatyadsainisb 9 ! redJS % other way » any ; other partiea . l the ' oath of SSttWfetion wa *»<|| iinigfered ia . the following form i-- ' " I afflrni that what fAiU say in this ease shall bo the trim the whole truth , aad nothing but thi truth . : ^^ ^ . ¦¦ •¦; + ¦ : . ' , ^ . ' ¦ : ¦ . . - ^ three of the Commissioners of Stamps , ana theSeoretary . He showed them copies of the publication . The society was desirous that part of it should be stamped , for ihe convenience of those who took single numbers . This was in the secretary ' s room , and in business hours . The Commissioners stated that they could not stamp them in that form : and that there must be & material change before they would be permitted to pas 3 through the Post Office . The Netv Moral World had been published ever since , and he was in the habit of reading it . He knew no difference in , its contents , except that lately it had containod Parliamentary debates which bad reference to the society . It was not stamped : and he had
never received an intimation that it should be stamped . When he left the Stamp Office , it waa the impression on his mind that he should have information from the Commissioners if it was afterwards decided that the paper should be stamped . Mr . PalfreymaIT then put in the Saturday Journal as a publication of a similar description . Mr . Hill thought it was not relevant to the matter at issue . Mr . Palfreyman put it in with reference to the
provision of the statute that the fine should be imposed if persona "knowingly and wilfully" should print and publish certain papers . He would , therefore , also put in other numbers of similar papers , to show the intelligence they contained were in reference to the peculiar vie W 3 they adopted . Mr . Hill briefl y replied , and concluded by calling on the Court to inflict the penalty of £ 20 on Mr . Hobson . The Magistrates retired for about a quarter of an hour , and , on their return ,
Mr . Lupton said that it was scarcely necessary for him to state , that both Mr . Grace and himself differed from the views expressed in the publication before them . Still , however , they were of opinion that it came within the list of exemptions , and therefore they could not convict . —Information Quashed . In consequence of this decision , the other four informations were withdrawn , and the parties left the Court .
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THE WELSH PATRIOTS AND THEIR FAMILIES . We were unable from lack of room to give in our last paper the following PRIVATE LETTBB 8 FEOM FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES , TO THEIR WIVES .
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FROM WILLIAM JONES . Monmouth Gaol , Jan . 11 th , 1840 . t My D ea * Wipe , —Before you receive this mi ? trial wilHie over ; wluob . way it will terminate ,. * hayeatpwaent no chance of judging , but 1 shosld rathorjintUsipate that it will terminate jgainst BUT ;' tiftMpMyLata guiUy of ihe ch » rge , but ffoutjaiaau beejripBlptnaweu pwutoBWear what will suifthe purpwe ^ DJp the Crown . One witness swore , that at CumfiS , !! Bajd I wonld risk my life , that we would have a flag on the top of Newport Church by ten o clock on Monday morning . And Emery swore that I said he would see a placard on the walls of Newport by daybreak , beginning , * t We the Executive Government of England , " and signed * John Frost , President , " both of which are as false as hell . I was at length persuaded , by P . O'Connor and Mr . Owen , to give my case into the hands of
Counsel , and I shall only once regret it , that will be as long as I live . Not that I in the least blame them ; they advised me with the best intention , no doubt . In fact , I believe that if every Counsel in England had been on our side , tho witnesses sworo so false , that there was no chance of acquitting me lo-morrow morning I shall address the Court and Jury , so will Counsel . I shall do what I can at all events . I shall not allow them ( the Jury ) to go without knowing the character of those whose evidence has been brought against me . I did not receive yours of the 11 th till Sunday afternoon , some hours after I had written to you . The reason why it is was so short was , the Post was just starting . You received one last night a little longer , which , I will make for
hope , up the other being so short . I am sorry to find your father ' s leg so bad , as I should have been glad to have seen him . John has been in Court all day , he was with me this morning before I went to Court . To tell you the truth , I have not had much time to write letters , for every moment I have had has been taken up in preparing for my defence . I am heartily glad it is now near over . Let it be decided in my favour , I shall be with you as soon as possible ; if not , there is but little doubt that I shall not live to be much older . If this is the case , the greatest consolation will be , that I never injured any onobut my self , that it was the good of my country that prompted me to what I did . that if the truth had beeu told , I should have been lauded instead of prosecutedsanctioned
, instead of censured , praised instead of condemned . Should I die , it will not reflect disgrace or discredit on you or any one . Soon , I hope , you will see those who now are of a different opinion to me , see that it will be the only means of saving the country from ruin , and restoring happiness to this land ; then shall I and others be looked on as martyrs to our country —murdered , and nothing else . If , indeed , we are guilty of treason for advocating a change in the law , how much more must those be guilty of it , who , at the time of the Reform agitation , joined in procession with men carrying an effigy of the king , with a bloody knife over it , and the words on a flag of"The King Reversed ; " yet this was not treason , because advocated and sanctioned by the
Attorney-General and thosd now in power . It was not treason for altering the law by force , when Mr . Hume , M . P . moved that the supply be adjourned for six months . But no sooner do the Whigs go into office and effect their object by filling their pockets , than it becomes treason to say the laws must be altered , sedition to say they were bad , and conspiracy to meet to attempt to obtain an alteration . Thus we live in a free land , a land that has spent and is spending fifty-four millions yearly , to prove how poor it could make its people , and how foolishly and extravagantly it could spend that money , Which would have saved thousands from starvation , and have made this country truly the envy of surrounding nations—the glory and admiration of the world . Where now are her
honours , where now her boasted pre-eminence !—gone , gone , for ever ! The fate of other nations ought to have been a warning to this ! but no , like Rome , it will be its own destroyer . Pride , luxury , idleness , debauchery , and profligacy , are the votaries of the inhabitants—its poor allowed to starve : its labourers , the producers of wealth , ground to the dust—made slaves ; yet they are called on to pay twenty millions and upward ^ to liberate their black brethren from the yoke , while they are allowed to lay and fester in chains , and if they dare to move or complain , they are arraigned at the bar , and , on the mere semblance of laws , hung or sent out of the country . This is no better than legal murder . Oh , that men would , before it be too late , think for themselves—let them not leave the country to
perish ; let not the hackneyed phrase be continued" It is not my business . " It is the business of every true Briton who loves his country to die for her , ob I shall , if need be . If men can see the widow and the orphan turned into the streets naked and exposed , most likely to some opulent landlord , some Church Dignity , or some persecuting creditor , and that is the case at this time . If I say they can see it—if not , if they believe in a God , a merciful yet an allwise Being , without anticipating a curse on this country , to me it is a wonder indeed . Give my love to father , mother , and all the family ; tell them not to distress themselves for me—let the worst come , I am prepared for it , little as I deserve it . Let them forget me altogether . I am sorry I have given them so much trouble , but I shall give no more . You told me some time since to save the studs for you ;
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Herring Fishery . —The curers here have all engaged their boats for the forthcoming herring fishing season , at exorbitant prices . The number of boats engaged to fish here tKJ | season will be fully equal to that of last year ; an ^ lyrtk ^ oibeen that new stations hare been taieft 3 » t SiQi ^ haren , it would have been considerably kewsaed . —Aberdeen Herald . , ' - ¦ Extension op the ScppeWb . —We are glad to state that , , at soon as Mr . Home brings in a bin for the extension of the franobise , a public meeting will be held in thuj town , in support of Household Suffrage , when the "Five PoW' will be fairly discussed , with those who adhere to them . —Leicester shire Mercury ; Death peoh Machinery . —On Wednesday after-S ^ J \ 'i ng man > named Thomas RidyarWwaa ¦ killed by . the machinery in the carding room ai SSton . ° Me 8 ar 8 ' ***** * Ww ^ i
Leeds Court House.
LEEDS COURT HOUSE .
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ttey are lost , ; I hare w * had them ; ihej were lost X & W £ ^• ¦* Wf&mily . the very night Ivr / T ^' m ^ k *** £ ¦ **• x onlyknowthatlnever W Tt K 53 > -Wf spirits up , and hope for the y ivdW ^ Sl tf " day after to-morrow , but shOtfdlfict ^ ftssHedl , tm f & , ryou ; iartliei ] , ^• a ^ iPar ^ l ^ ttatehuBband ^ ~ . '"¦ . i . i y h'I k : , .... ? lfa . Jdm&' \ -
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| FROM ZEPH ^ NIAH WILLUM 5 . \ Mfl ^ suth Gaol , 12 th Jan . 1840 . My Dear Wife ,-r ^ sh to know , as won as you can , the expenses Jijhave been at with the wit nesses * from the begfiaiing until the presentiime— ' * what : : jta , < ost TojBf : home , taking th . % ? ta the-Kock , seeping iheigafere , bringing -and taking their ' home from W , , « ollect all expenses attending ? ' tfiem , Including wt « you will be obliged to p » y them for their , time , ate © . Their names * : * ' - ..- * > Iiru& ' -y $ i ' wi ] l pardon me for the sum expended in mylaerorice . I assure you it very much grieves me to roiyptt of the little you bad , inueh more yetlt wfll- ^ iro me . If I am not acquitted « y present tirca «§ jftce would grieve mo but little , jere . it not torjm . and our dear children . Tho % wnent 'I ' fmq ^ S ' ' ara for ever deprived of awnr company ai # - ' the children , that moment h / wish -to Sfr ^ jKlehed into eternity ; my fife 2 ¦ withoutyou is * rimpt miserable oneand I suppose
y , yours eannotbe iMfeb . batter . I beg to apologise for n | y past eOndnei ^ pS ahoald I be once more restored to . yonr ; coiBpag 3 g § ou will find that I shall not be W > regsrdle ^ ofyHyadvice . To-morrow will decide the question , hoMffavourable , when I shall flee to the arnra ; of mypwr Joan . Should I be found SM ^ ty . you wflljn » deavour to see me . to-morrow ^ , e ^ ening ^ Howejfir , keep up your spirits , and bear tnepi ^ BB | t ttsafljijBircunastances with fo rtitude and « ourago . l | lf ajg-SrHjeiples have brought me . to ilia . place , it » . riojfcgrace ¦ either to you , the children , cr Jnyself . 4 . committed no- crime of any description whatsoever ; m « im > risonment is attributable to a perjured set off traitors , catechised by prejudiced and wicked mf for the purpose . Anxious ! v waitma the hourtdijee myHtear , beloved , and affectionate jftH ^ y " . ' - ' ift * ¦ ¦ - •"¦' ' ¦ " ¦ ¦ ZEPBAKua Wnitoxv&j /** MBfH £ ; l S » fe « the $ ie « K--H £ Mi , > " ^ JJlonmouth .
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FROM JOHN FROST . Monmouth Gaol , Christmas Day , . _ _ ' December 25 th , 1039 . My Dearest Mary , —In the many trials and difficulties which wo have met with during a period of twenty-aeven years , you have discovered fortitude to bear affliction seldom exceeded by woman . Now , then , my love , is th- time to call forth all you possess , u ™ - al v ? filch awaits us J ° u ""ill require it all . The mind is too apt to look backward— too apt to recur to times which are past—too apt to consider what might , what ought , to have beeu done to avoid the danger ; , but these , you will perceive , tend to weaken the mindand to render it less able to 7 — — —— \ k ? KfA \
, » - - - w- mm ** o U > J IV bear the sufiermg which awaits it . Bring your resolution into action—let not wishes and regrets weaken the mind—look ^ my dear , to the future , and judge fairly on the probabilities . Suppose , then , that the worst you contemplate should be realised , bow much more necessary wouM this event render , resolution imperative on your part . Recollect , my love , those who aTo left behind , and show your regard for tho memory of your husband by your attention to those dear pledges of our love . To give way to grief would render you unable to perform your duty to those who would then doubly demand itIt would
. , too , give a triumph to our bitterest enemies ; you may Fee our oppressors receive their reward . Believe me that great eveuta are at hand . The system by which our country has so long been oppressed , totters , ar . d a very little would teud to lay it in ruins . Mauy women in your situation discovered extraordinary resolution in consoling their husbands , and by the fortitude evinced at their deaths . I hope my . wife will not be wanting should this fate await me . The time of trial , ' with you and many others ,, must be * , a most anxious one . Guard , my dear , against as *? sudden shock , whether favourable or otherwise . Xam greatly apprehensive that you will ba bo eager to
hear the result that serious consequences may follow ! Try to put on a little of the stoic ; be prepared . and may - ¦ the Supreme dispenser of events give my wife courage to hear , ami fortitude to bear , whatever may be the result . I should , on no account , wish to- see you , or any member of my family , at Monaaouth . I hope , my dear , you will attend to my wishes in this matter . If you knew how long tho last look of you , and my beloved Catherine and Ellen , haunted me , you would not for a moment hesitate to comply with my , v wishes . There are various opinions in circulation as to the fate which will follow a conviction in that case . Sentence of death must follow , but whether -if would be carried into effect is beyond the power of any one at present to foretel : there are strong reasons for moderation in the punishment of th& prisoners , and there ara reasons equally strorf ^' which will operate with the authorities for extJmStW measures . What . may bo the result , will dtBifiF * flfe *** ?? ' >*_? -g ^ . ^ ^ Jg 3 # > atn ^^ P * " ipioj ^ on fhe most important Wafc rabjecte- ^ the immortality of the soul , a state of rewards " ~ and . punishments , and I have derived much consolation trom the consideration . I believe firmly in its immortality—I believe that it will be increasing in goodness and happiness—I believe that the moment it leaves the body it would not return had it the power . I believe that true religion consists in visiting the widow and orphan in their afilictiou , and in retiring unspotted from the world . Draw , niv
aear Mary , some consolation from that religion whieh you have possessed for so many years . Let it sustain you when other helps may fail . Recollect that our separation may be but for a short time , and that we shall be united when sorrow and sighin " shall cease . What solid ground for consolation does this belief afford ! Timo- ^ a span , a moment , compared to that eternity which awaits us all—thousands of years diminish not , millions increase nothing . Although , in the estimation of many , should extreme msasurea await us , disgrace would attach to my family , but recollect that some of the best and bravest men in the world suffered in the same causo —resistance to oppression . Yes , and future ages did them justice : their memory was held in estimation .
while that of their oppressors was held up to det > station . The present cloud would be removed , and the virtues would be recollected as well as the misfortunes . My mind yearns to speak of the ancient members of my family , but I cannot suffer it to dwell on each individual—it would unman me—it would produce such regret for the injury , the great injury which each will sustain from my conduct , that I cannot look at the subject . Read this latter to my daasrhtwra and sou , if he is m Newport : les them tco b | $ this heavy calamity with resignation ,- , and let tl-ciu pardon their crsing father . I trust that my daughters will bear this great trial with calm resignation ; fortitude and coolness are especially required ; with them regret will be unavailing . Let them look to the Supreme Being for support in this hour of affliction , and . when it is all over , I hope that their minda will be able to bear the shock ; let them not be too ready to blame those who may condemn the conduct of their father . "My daughters , as is very natural , will look at my actions through too favourable a medium , but the world , uninfluenced by the same motives , judges , in general , by the result ; with the bulk of mankind success is everything . I cannot , my dear Mary , say anything as to the course you onght to pursue , not being sufiiciently acquainted with circumstances to justify me in forming ftn
opinion , but I fhould advise , if possible , and I hope to God it is , to retain your present habitation . Although the feeling against me may , at present , bo very strong , time will assuredly weaken it , and some of my good qualities will not , I hope , be forgotten . I hopo you will be enabled to carry on the business were n but to employ your daughters , and should my Poor old mother live , she may reside with you tor the short time she will remain here . I express my strong hopes that this may be done . I am satis-* r * nat , if you can adopt it , it will be the best
course you oanpnrsue . Once more , my dear Mary , call to yonrjis ^ fcrnce the cocsolation of that religion which you have so long possessed . Sorrow not as one without hope ,, and while you consider the possibility of extreme measures not taking place , bo prepared to meet them . We are looking for the return of William . I should not be surprised if those out of gaol suffer more than the prisoners . At last , what is death!—an event certain with all . 1 go the way of all flesh , " said the king of Israel . 1 often repeat , and I derive consolation from thosehues of Pope : —
"Vital spark of heavenly flame , Quit , ohiquifc , this mortal frame : — Trembling , hoping , lingering , sighing ; Oh , the pain , the bliss of dying , " &c . Ever , my dear Mary , Affectionately yours , John Frost
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. ANE LEE 3 B \ fI | tfpL il'fEETISilt . ' i
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VOL . III . So . 121 , :,, SATUi ^ % - :-ra ™ cb rouRpJfc * a ^ FFaNHT , or - #% - - ; -- ~ * J ? -y ^ ffiWt '' ' ' * ^ ' ^ ¥ ' " ¦ - ¦ ¦'¦ ' - ^ ;< i ^ ife '»^ -Q ^ rt « r . ¦¦ ,
To Ffhe Pe Ople Of Yorkshire.
TO ffHE PE OPLE OF YORKSHIRE .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 7, 1840, page unpage, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2674/page/1/
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