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<@rtgmal Cxuregpomintce
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YORKSHIRE SUMMER ASSIZES
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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( Continued from our nxth page . ) Bi value , because he bad thrown it to me in shapeless Inm pa , In fact , hi * courtesy was a downright insult Let me explain how : — In July , 1 SS 9 , -when I was convicted of a most pa ltry libel , I was compelled , previously to leaving the Court , to enter into my own recognizance * in £ l « 0 , and to promise to procure in London two good tureHes in £ 50 each , to appear to receive judgment ( This arrangement was written by the Attorney-General to Mr . Sergeant Atcherley , and which he ahowed for toe guidance of the Court ) It was not convenient to go to London for some time ; and I received notice that if my ban was not perfected forthwith , a . Bench warrant ( Contin ued from our tixth Daoe . ) i
would be issued for nyr apprehension , I gave baiL When I was found guilty , at the last Assizes , upon the ex qficU , the Attorney-General was there in person , and remained there for three days after my triaL He pressed the Court for immediate judgment , declaring that my instant separation from my party was of vital importance . The Judge refused compliance ( of this a vord hereafter ) : I was not asked for any baiL I was allowed to walk out of Court , after verdict , and into Court , before the Attorney-General , for some days , and no bail was required . I appeared at Liverpool to another indictment , pleaded , and saved my ban , put off my trial , and no fresh sseurity lor my further appearance was required .
Thus I stood with two convictions and one indictment against me , after several , for similar offences , had been committed , and received very heavy sentences , and no bail for my appearance . I received a great number of anonymous letters , posted in suspicious parts of London , purporting to be from well wishers , all begging of me to start for France till the breeze was over , as a part of my sentence would be , according to Mr . Justice Coleridge ' s declaration , a long term of imprisonment , my friends assuring me , that the remaining part would be a " swinging fine . " This was the very word in many of the letters .
I appeared in the Court of Queens Bench , on the 22 nd April , to receive judgment I t ^* - ^ stated that I was not unier aay recognizance to appear : judgment was postponed , and no tail asked foi my further appearance . I received a sentence of eighteen months . I left the Queen ' s Bench Prison on the 18 th of May for York , in custody of two constables ; and I might have been in Dover before they knew that I had left them . Upon that night I slept in a room by myself ; I knew the country , they did not I knew the people ! they did not Again , at York , I was alone , and might have escaped , and all along the road in like manner without the slightest difficulty . Now , will any man
with any , even the least brains , will even your Lordship , try to convince yourself or your friends , that it was not hoped , intended , and wished for , that I should brave the art of outlawry , and be thus got rid of for ever , to the great triumph of your party , to the great mystification of my party , and to the loss of my o-wn honour for rrer . ^' o , I would have stood it , if your sentence could have been such as yon could have wished , rather than damage my party by diminishi ng my own inconvenience . This , my Lord , was the courtly and the mode of its administration shown me by your polished—I had nearly said your finished— A ttorney-GeneraL
> ow , my Lord , to repay an act of justice , which , in truth , may now-a-days be set down as an act of grace . My Lord , although my thanVn are here offered , yet the indicting of them shall never efface the favour from my recollection so long as I live . Jtfy flanks are justly due , and are hereby tendered to Mr . Justice Coleridge , for his gentlemanly , his jost , his manly , Mb determined , his judicially authoritative , refusal to violate law by complying with your Attomey-General's , tyrannical , illegal , artfnl , ungentlemanlike , application for immediate judgment upon me . ily Lord , it is something to be able to compliment a judge in these days , where all are aware of the "fiery ordeal " which candidates must go through ere the ermine is
donned . The change of tenure from duranle beaeplacito far dvm vidvitate , if it has ensured an extension of term , has also changed the watchful eye into a dim observer . My Lord , under the old tenure , the eye of wealth , of power , of talent , and jealousy was ever directed to the judgment seat ; and hence have some been dragged frem the bench to the scaffold . Bat now judges , like justices ofan inferior grade , find their best protection in the difficulty and expense of exposure . It is no longer matter either of interest or pride with the great that the lowly should be greatly jndge * . It is therefore , my Lord , that I have upon my own behalf great pleasure in tendering a prisoner ' s thanks to the Jadge who tried
hrm-My Lord , you would neither expect nor wish me just now to enter more fully into a consideration of the mode of administering justice to my friends charged as political offenders . No , my Lord , I cannot do it ; I wiD net do it ; because I cannot do it boldly : if I did it boldly , a prison would be my house till I was taken from it to my last abode . My Lord , I never wept a tec for myself ; but when I learned in York Castle that ay poor but honest friends , associates , and followers , » ye » followers , are now in preparatory lunatic aaylnms ; * ben I read Crabfcree ' s petition , and the letter of White ' s—honest White ' s father , and other
lamentations , which burst from the dungeon , I did weep , I did cry , I did mourn and lament , and , in my anguish , swore that the howl should cease , or I would die in an attempt to avenge their wrongs . My Lord , if you have any pity in your breast , release those men . On my oath , Crabtree and Hoey were alwayB what is called moral force Chartists , and are both of unblemished , potlea , honest fame . I hope I do not injure them , my Lord , by giving them credit for qualities of which yon may eavy them the possession . Look at your calendar—see how they rrm—Joseph Cookson , sen teaeed t * twelve months' imprisonment in York Castle ,
¦ without labour , for committing a rape upon a child raider eleven years of age . Joseph Crabfcree , Peter Hoey , snd William Ashton , for two years in Wake-£ « id House of Correction , on the silent and working * y * tem , in progress of being made lunatics , for attending ajmblie meeting , to eon aider how they could best in-* W 6 value for thfiir labour . Good God . ' why dont & 8 paving stone * mutiny ! By heaven , 'tis murder ! Jotm sad Frederick Holroyd , gentlemen , for forgery to > large amount , two years imprisonment in York
C&stle , without labour . Holbery four years , Daffy three , snd others the same , in mad houses , upon the * 3 ent and working system , for being entrapped by a Whig Government spy , some French or Polish hired rnffian , one of your secret association scoundrels igain , William White , farmer , three months in York Castle , foi stealing corn . George White , six months in Wakeneld mad house , for requesting subscriptions to procure a fair trial for those of his order charged T 2 h crime .
Again , O'Brien , Richardson , M'Douall , "Vincent , and ethers , in dungeons , for periods ranging from nine month to tiro years , far exposing abases . Dasial CTCcnnell and Lord ^ Normaoby , two traitors against their King , their country , and their kind , at large and baking in the sunshine of royal favour . 1 mart stop here , my Lord " , the picture is perfect , * £ 1 wax too warm . My Lord , well may yon have wished to break the ffinid that thus fastens on you ; well may you have said tbatamillion would be well spent in breaking np that ^ Jnw : but even so , my Lord , you would see a vice in "oy fragment But , thanks to you , the Star still * " *» . and still defies you .
** 7 Lord , tbfi «•'} t * '''' **** p" * w ¦ which you and your * * 7 er «* ted , the poverty you have engendered , and «* tyranny you exercise , might , unitedly , have taken " *» ia from the vessel , and , in their receding , the «» might have been ttzaoded had you not foolishly * & * i it in the aea of persecution . Believe me , my ** i that in this country oppression is the high-road •^ Promotion . Those who formerly took a Star for in-^ 5 »« , now stint themselves to take one for duty . * T Lord , as you appear moat anxious for fame , I " ** devote a portion of each day to immortalising you , ^ " ^ k Poetoy , in trage * y , in comedy , and farce ; a Ust you wai appear mort at home .
* 7 Lord , I am writing the " Irish Viceroy , " a traf ^ in five acts ; I am writing " Who is the Gover-K J ^ V"raedy , in three acts ; and I am writing the I jj Bpbl S Viceroy , " a farce , in one act These , my 7 ~ a > shall be the humble offerings of a prisoner to so mi gaoler—so extensive a deliverer . *» the several charges which I shall prefer against * " ** » you may f ^ some astonishment . that I did not ^ Wearlier disclosure of the facts ; my lord , good « aficieat reason will be rendered in time . I acy » n : do you defend yourself- And if I have left
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you grounds upon that tcore , you shall have the advan tage . It is fortunate , however , for you that yon have the advantage of being at large . You have little to co mplain of except your folly , for which I also suffer Aiid now to my charges-tie great one being for an act of what I must call treason to your Sovereign . My Lord , when I eharge you with treason I do so W your own act , and not upon my conception . The tor alb many things treason , whereof I would rather VI . — ' ——— -. nvvuu nuid be the doer th von rronndu tmnn +. h »*«™~ ~~ . v- « * .- ^ ..
« the tempter , and had your act been tb j free and ^ ponta neow heart * offering Instead of the P ^ r prie * tor homage rendered against both trust and nature , I should have approved the treason . It is not ttenthat you acted wrongfull y in Ireland , but that hiring acted wrozigfuU y in England you made that which was done in Ireland , under the semblance of jus tice , bttt a mockery . In fact , you have now , in the malignity of your nature , proved yourself both fool and
traitor , and you have been compelled to resort to falsehood and deceit to avoid both . But , my Lord , treason like ' murder , will out" I said that I should prove that you attempted to induce a reporter to turn spy yoa did , my Lord , I charge you upon your letter to - — ; you have , of this act , your own conviction . I said that I should prove you guilty of having supplied the funds for conducting & criminal prosecution against me . This charge yon can easily defend , my Lord , fcy proving your Attorney-General a U * r , but by no other mean * . The odds are that yeu can use him . I told him at York that he was " The tool % t the Minister , not of the Crown , Made by his smile , and unmade by his frown . "
My Lord , if his guilt be necessary for your defence , and if your defence be necessary for the preservation of your party and his office , you will have a plea of guilty to stand out upon his own recognizance . But believe me , those recognizances will be one day estreated . The Attorney-General made use of these remarkable words , when applying to the Court for immediate judg . ment upon me at the last Spring Assizes for York
— - " If there is any other prosecution against Mr . O'Connor , I am not aware of it ; the Crown is not aware of it If he has violated the law in Lancashire , the authorities there are perfectl y right in prosecuting him ; but upon themselves be-all the responsibtiity . " In his speech ( if the . thing deserves the name ) in aggravation of punishment in the Court of Queen ' s Bench , he repeated the very same words . Xow , my Lord , I have it from Mr . Harford himself , * he attorney who conducted the prosecution against me ! that the magistrates thought that enongh bad been *
done , and applied to you for permission to desist from farther persecution of the Chartists , but you forced them to persevere . - This , my Lord , might have been merely as matter of advice ; but it does not rest here , nor yet upon my authority , nor upon the mere word of mouth of Mr . Harford ; no , my Lard , I extract a portion of one of Mr . Tomer ' s ( my Solicitor ) letters to me : — " Mr . Harford says , that Lord Normanby supplies the needful , and presses the prosecution against you , though the magistrates are willing to give it up . " My Lord , I shall tell you what further Mr . Harford told
me . I asked him if it was his opinion , if I bad been tried at Liverpool , that I should have been found guilty . He replied , not a doubt of it I heard , ( he continued ) a Mr . Tilly , or Tilty , or some such name , who was foreman of many juries before whom Chartists were tried last assizes , declare in this room that he woold hang every Chartist without trial if he could , and , said he , the feeling is general among the whole class of jurors , and strongly against you . Thus , my Lord , I find you , without * the knowledge of the first oflicer of the Crown , urging on , nay forcing on a prosecution against me , and supplying the means , I must presume from the secret service fund , which will in part account for it * great increase under your retrenching , " popular contronl" Administratian .
My Lsrd , I said that I would charge you with having followed up your game by actually usurping the judicial prerogative , as you had the law officers' function . In your conversation with Mr . Sergeant Talfourd , on the 26 th of May , when my petition was shewn to you , or when you were made acquainted with its contents , you said that the place of imprisonment had been very carefully considered before it irai determined on . By whom considered , my Lord ? Good God ! is this a part of your duty , to hunt , to kill , and then to hang . This of itself may appear trifling ; but when I trace you from the employment of spies to the maintenance of prosecutions and to the nsurpation of the first law officer ' s function , to the selection of prisons fcnd to the enforcement of stringent discipline , it makes a very strong Tint in the chain .
3 Iy Lord , as I before observed , if the charge stopped here ,, as I am the oppressed party , the Jury class , and what you may be pleased to value " as the public generally , " would have said , " Well done , thou good and faithful steward . " But , my Lord , it happens , unfortunately for you , that the charge d « es not stop here , and that the pious-looking portion of the public will be compelled , in selfdefence , to say , shame , shame ; traitor , traitor . To my remaining charge , —I shall not waste much ef your precious time , as , no doubt , you are furbishing up your best friends for your new mission .
My Lord , I now charge you . That you did in the month of Augtist or September , 1835 , write a certain letter , under tbe direction , superintendence , and dictation of Mr . Danisl O'Connell , to CoL Curry , agent of the Duke of Devonshire . I assert , my Lord , that that letter was written with your hand , sealed with your own armorial bearings , franked with your title , handed for delivery to Mr . O'Connell ; and that it contained matter dishonourable in a man , disgraceful in a Peer , deceitful as a friend , and treasonable as a Viceroy .
My Lord , CoL Curry refused compliance with your order ; and , in confirmation , I beg to direct your attention to a resolution passed at whatever association then existed in Dublin , for the destruction of Irish liberty , in which Colonel Curry was unanimously denounced , bnt , my Lord , speciously enough , not exactly for the thing he refused to do , ' bnt something like it you "wrill find in the resolution moved by Mr . Finn . Not , my Lord , I saw the letter with my own eyes . I heard the contents ; and , not having much confidence in any man , who would do so mean an act for mere popularity , I said he'll sell you yet , believe me . The answer was , he can ' t , i have him under
MT THUMB . My Lord , I further charge you , that before you were allowed to go to Ireland , you agreed , without the knowledge of your Sovereign or your coadjutors , to a certain line of policy , and to an observance of which you were solemnly pledged . My Lord , I am too well acquainted with Mr . O'Connell ' s method of riding upon the mane , and leaving the horse behind to give you too large a dose at once or to administer it incautiously . I have anticipated every device to which you may either of yon ha-re reeoursej and , my Lord , you will find that I have been too many for you both .
fc ow , my Lord , am I right in accusing you ? Mr . O'Connell has already established a precedent in such cases in the case of O'Connell and Littleton ; but , my Lord , God forbid that I should consider myself bound by his notions of propriety . My Lord , I neither sought for a knowledge of your perfidy , nor pledged myself to be a participator in your guilt , by being bound to keep it secret My Lord , will you now be sent to Franc * , there to be bowed into folly and smiled into deceit 2 Should yoa require a precedent why you should not go , my Lord , I think you will find one in Sheil and Londonderry , although I by no means accuse that Nobleman of guilt like yours ; neither , indeed , did Mr . SheiL
My Lord , after all , can it be possible that the necessity of keeping you together for yet a little longer , and the panado of Mr . O'Connell will make them a palatable dish for the palace i " What has been may be , " my Lord , and it is but a fair presumption , that having deceived your King , you may , without much stretch of conscience , do the same to your " lovely young Queen . " My Lord , should your bully attempt to gloss this over , are my hands to be tied while he belabours away with his foul tongue ? No , my Lord , I have already anticipated every sentence that you or your gutter bully can say .
My Lord , let us now just consider to whom you thus betrayed your Sovereign . To the very man whom you , as part of toe royal mouth-piece , were compelled by royal order to denounce . My Lord , for the present we part You called me " liarj" for that " we'll meet again at Phillippi ; " for ,
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by my soul , my Lord , though three time * over you ' re bepeered , you shall unsay or swallow that one pilL My Lord , if I am a " Liar , " and if a fool can speak the truth , now say WHO IS THE VILLAIN ? " Statesmen are wont , who bear the name unjustly , To fine their title with s « me show of tenth , When , in pure truth , it is corrupt and naugkt My Lord , I have the honour to remain your prisoner , Fkarqus O'Connob . Hospital , York Castle , Jnly 2 . P . S . As to that brat , Fox Maule , my Lord , I'll maul his nose .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —Being in the South of Ireland last week , I did not see the Northern Star till too late in the week , to notice th © reply of W . G . Bums . If his object in requesting the name of any person denouncing his scheme of a National Press be to deal out personalities , he is perfectly welcome so to do as far as I am concerned . Conscious of having no object in view but the good of my kind , and upheld only by the rectitude of my motives , I never hesitate to pursue the even tenor of my way , and though the billows swell , I shall endeavour to buffet them with a heart of controversy . I should , therefore , be sorry that any part of Mr . Burns * s
statements should be suppressed , as I am convinced that public opinion will give him the full value of an they are worth . He says he feels greatly astonished at the many attacks that have been made upon him and inserted in the Star . I have not attacked Mr . B . nor his motives . On the contrary , I did hope that he was actuated by duty to his country alone , and now lament that the tenor of his epistle obliges me to think otherwise . He says , " he cannot tell why his motives should be impugned , unless it be for the purpose of inducing Aim to do the same . " Why , the logician must know that he is perfectly welcome to impugn his own motives ' !!
He admits his plan is not the quintessence of perfection , and yet he -wonders why any one should be 80 impudently obtrusive as to question its immaculacy ! He talks Of mighty promises miserably ending in disappointment ; but he should recollect that perfection is not the lot of humanity ; but why the errors of others are to be thrown on the shoulders of one man , or how much of the blame may be left at the doore of those who are now holding false lights , like Northumbrian wreckers destroying every hope sonceessary for the fulfilment of those promises—perhaps the victims of disappointment feel more poignantly keen than the Ex-Member of Dundee . Mr . B . says , I am very anxious for a reason to charge him with ingratitude . Now , he knows very well that he is doing me an injustice when he makes this statement , for I told him that I thought he had
not the ambition to be ungrateful ; but if I wanted such a reason he was not long in supplying me with one in the following paragraph : — " If I could believe this statement , I -would give up all hopes te the righteous exertions of the people against their common enemy , if that success were to depend on one man ' s patriotism , and that an Irishman ( I do not use the term offensively ); bat I cannot be ignorant of Irish patriotism in aristocratic life- I have read so much about this , aa to cause great hesitation in giving confidence to such , and circumstances connected with our past agitation has caused me to withdraw no small share of that confidence which I had been induced to place in the man so fulsomely lauded by Mr . C . Indeed , I was not aware , before reading his remarks of last week , that the Chartist Frigate was in York Castle—for most assuredly the Whigs have trot his Pilot there . "
Now , Sir , let any man read this paragraph ( qualified as it is by a parenthesis , which no man will believe ) , and if he cannot see Mr . Burns ' s poisoned dagger and cloven foot , verily , he must be blind indeed . Why did he not denounce this Irish patriotism before Mr . O'Connor had entered York Castle ? 8 imply , because , though he held the dagger , there was not eneugh of the Brutus in him to wield it He says he has read much about Irish patriotism . Then so much the worse if he pervert the truth . He must know that Mr . O'Connor ' s family have suffered exile , persecution , and imprisonment , in the cause of the people . I do not ¦ want to fulBomely laud any man , warmly as my bosom glows with gratitude : I will not disgust Mr . B . with a catalogue of commendations ; but I will not shrink from standing between him and Mr . O'Connor , when the latter is incapacitated from defending himself . " I hate that hypocrite who would profane And take the patriot ' s name in vain . "
If Mr . B . has read so much , he ought to take care when he deciphers figures to do so correctly . I have not stated , even by implication , that the Chartist Frigate , nor yet that the Pilot , was in-York Castle ; though I am not ass enough , as Mr . B . would have it appear , to be ignorant of Mr . O'Connor being within its wallsa circumstance but for -which we should not yet have heard of Mr . Burns ' s " Salvator Mundi . " Now , I hope Mr . B . will have the goodness to exercise bis conceptible powers for ones . By the Chartist Frigate I mean the cause of the people and the Pilot , the press , neither of which , I believe , are yet in York Castle . Mr . O'Connor may , or may not , be the captain ; but the press must ever be the the pilot to a good cause . Nor have I likened Mr . O'Connor to Indian
rubber . The true position of the figure was the Northern Star . Tis the Star the base Whigs and Mr . B . are pulling at ! . ' I think I see this Mr . B . scratching his head for a thought , and exclaiming , " Damn this Irish Chartist , ( though he does not mean offensively ) he ' s thwarting my purpose altogether ! " He says , " save us from our friends . " I say , " the same here . " He tells me that I have forgotten that other animals exist besides lions and men . I thank him for refreshing my memory . There is also a reptile called the tarantula , or " snake in the grass , " -whose venomous bite iBBaid to be only cured by music . Now , I venture to predict that the people may listen a long time even to the tune of " Donald of Dundee , " if they allow themselves to be bitten by the tarantula of the National .
My dear Mr . Bums , in helping me to » bestial figure , has also helped me to a piece of information ; but which , before I can swallew , mu 6 thave other authority beside that of the zoological founder of a national press . He tells us the chamelion is . very glib- toagued ! This piece of information surely is worthy of a national tribute ! Gentle Radicals , do not he astounded if the next lee ture on the national press Bhould fall from the mellifluous lips or a glib-tongued chamelion !!! But let me help Mr . B . out with his eloquent figure . The chamelion is also said to live upon air , -which makes the application of his figure to Mr . O'Connor the very reverse of what he intended . He talks about me paying the people a poor compliment ; but surely he Is paying the people not a very rich one when he is
throwing back in their teeth the votes of confidence they have so repeatedly tendered to Mr . O'Connor , and the Northern Star—he most assuredly pays a 'high tribute to the men of England when he tells them they have been gulled by Mr . O'Connor , in tbe shape of a Toaring lion , going about seeking whom he might devour . But , Mr . B ., the lion is not dead , but slePptth . Would that he could lay one paw on you , or dart one fierce look from his prison-house , how yon would writhe and wriggle , and writhe again ia the slime and miie with which you would now bespatter him , well knowing that he dare not even awe you with a smile of his contempt How is it that the names of Lovett , Collins , O'Brien , and Vincent , are lugged into this affair ? Is it done with their consent , or are their
names made use of as " sprats to catch satanon" ? Time shall tell . Mr . B . requests me to let India rubber , rushlights , lions , and North Poles alone , and to write as though I understood the subject , and wished others to do so . To the first part of the request I answer that I should have done so , had he not , either wilfully or ignorantly , perverted the meaning they were intended to convey . To the second part my answer is , that it matters little whether I understand the 8 ul ) Ject or not ; the people are the beat judges of their own ooncernB . I have done my duty they , no doubt , will do theirs . I have no inclination to discuss a subject that I conceive would be treachery in me to entertain ; and , believing my time can be better employed , I shall not again refer to this grand junction national scheme .
vv ith many apologies , Sir , for a small space on an unworthy subject , I am , Sir , Your obedient Servant , L . T . Clancy . Dublin , June 8 th , 1840 .
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TO THE DELEGATES APPOINTED TO MEET AT MANCHESTER , ON MONDAY , July 20 th . Gentlemen , —It was not my intention to have troubled you at the present time , well knowing , as I do , that your attention is occupied at the present moment with considerations of the greatest import to the well-beiDg of society ; but as I perceive that in accsrdance with a proposition advanced by me in the first of the papers signed " A Republican . " I had the honour of laying before you in the columns of th « Northern Star , that there is a meeting of delegates to be held in Manchester , on the 20 th of July . I hope you will allow me to offer a remark or two to you for
your consideration in support and explanation of the plan of arranging the future proceedings of the Chartists , as laid open in the above-named papers . Unfortunately I cannot be present at tbe meeting proposed to be held , being under the paternal care of the powers that be for similar practices already ; but , as my whole soul and energies are and must ever be enlisted in the cause of liberty , I trust to your indulgence for the calm consideration of the following premises , hi which I design to strive to show that nothing but a central power , combining all the talent and honesty the operatives can produce , -will ever effect the object -we are all so desirous to Bee carried out
I shall digress as little as possible , and offer no fine spun theory to any man for his acceptance , but simply confine myself to the view I entertain of what ought to be our practical operations .
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* i » t , then , let a Central or Directing Committee be a « f ° ta £ * to toy dOTm M and every proposition or raer that shall be acted on in future—the numbers not to exceed seven , including the Secretary , and never to act unleea five be present . ' Second—Let them be empowered to sit and transact business when they like , and where they deem most suitable , and add who they think proper te their numbe * « jdways provided there be no more than seven at one time . ' o « v ^?~ ^ ma | 1 wh » « r be permit to ^ sue any order , p , or proposition to the people , except ™ ° resaid Directory , and whatever they propose ( always provided it be within the limits of moral propriety and unbiassed justice ) be implicitly obeyed by aU who desire to emancipate their fellow-men from Whig and Tory tyranny , and who wish the Charter to become the law .
Fourth—It is highly desirable that this Executive CommUtee or Directory should be unknown to the authorities , therefore I would recommend that three be elected by ballot at the intended meeting on the 6 th of July , which three shall elect four others , and a Secretary shall be chosen from amongst the seven by themselves , at the first meeting after their election . ^ Fifth—No national meeting shall be called , except by the Directory ; but a county meeting of delegates , if two-thirds of the market towns be represented , may request the Secretary of the Directory to call a national meeting ; , but if the national delegate meeting decide against the conveners of such , meeting , Such county to pay all expenses incurred over and above the regular and customary contribution . _ Sixth—An association shall be formed in every town , Tillage , township , or hamlet , and each member shall
pay—say onepemiy per week , at least—or such other sum as the Directory shall determine ; and * after auch expenses are deducted as the Directory may deem necessary to be needful , the remainder to be under their control , and to be expended in any -way they may think expedient Seventh—The Directory shall sit continually , and be maintained at such a salary per mensem as the national delegate meeting shall consider sufficient ; and all monies remaining unspent to be placed at and under the control of the Directory , to be expended in the publishing of political tracts and slips , explanatory of their intentions , and la circulating such political information as they may think conducive to the end in view .
Eighth—There shall be * Secretary appointed in every county , and paid by Buch county for his services such a salary ae a county delegate meeting may determine ¦ who shall hold communication with the Secretary of the Directory , and shall furnish every association , in every town , village , township , or hamlet , -with all commands , tracts , papers , or news coming from such Directory , under their control in their own county . Ninth—All money collected under the auspices of the Directory , after expenses are deducted , shall bo sent to the County Secretary , by whom the same shall be transmitted to the Directory , who shall publish a balance sheet every month , for the use of all associations , stating receipts and expenditure . Tenth—All lecturers , and all expenses connected with any proceeding not ordered by the Secretary , to be defrayed by extra subscriptions in such town or place where they are employed .
Eleventh—If any man be arrested for supporting the principles of the Charter , the Directory shall take immediate cognizance of his case , and shall provide him with efficient counsel , if he desire the same , out of the public fund , and shall take such of his friends under their protection as were depending on him for suppor ; and should he be an officer , his place to be filled up instanter , or as soon I as a meeting can be convened of the Association to which he belongs , that the business may not be interrupted , but go on as before . Now , Gentlemen , I do not think it necessary to go further into detail at present , regarding the arrangements necessary to be made , in order to give a proper impetus to the proceedings of our Chartist brethren , and a wholesome bias to their minds , as this will be the legitimate province of whatever description of directing power may be appointed on the 6 th of July . What
I would wish to impress on the minds of my Chartist friends is simply this—that for the purpose of uniting all our energies ^ and bringing any power we do or may possess , so that it will operate effectively at any given time , or for any special purpose , -we may appoint a few of our most honest , intelligent , and persevering friends to form a directing power tliat must be obeyed . That in order that this power of our own creation maybe enabled to carry out their projects in a decisive and satisfactory manner , that -we furnish them with the necessary funds , so that they may riot be ciippled in their proceedings , or prevented from doing what iq requisite , at the proper time , for the want of the means ; and lastly , to prevent those friends who form the central power from falling victims to the merciless Whigs . I would , as long as possible , keep their names out of the mouth and note book of the accursed gens d' armerie .
The two first of these propositions must be acted on before any impression can be made on the citadel of the foe . Our energies have hitherto been paralyzed for the want of this central power , and we well know such a body would be wholly useless without funds , and as for keeplag them unknown , I should consider that those ¦ who desire to allow the tools of tyranny to hear and take cognizance of all ' our plans of operation while they are in embryo , and arrest the concocters of them before they could be brought to maturity , would be as great enemies to the public weal as either Whigs or Tories . I know it would be a great gratification , if we could carry oil our objects out legally , but the bare idea of the Government allowing any thing of the sort to be brought to perfection is preposterous .
I am not so sanguine as to suppose that all who might , by possibility , be elected , must be honest , or that such a committee could or would prove infallible ; but ifc the whole seven were taken , they could not , and would not be convicted on the bare word of a single individual , unless In deed they had done something illegal or committed some overt act for which they were amenable to the law , and for any such proceeding , whether the meetings wer « secret or not , the suffering would be the same if once convicted—but I am sure no one will have the hardihood to say that if all our plans were laid open before the police and reporters , they will bo more likely to succeed , or less likely to be counteracted .
Every thing that" -we do ought to be so arranged before it is promulgated , that it might b& pushed to a conclusion , before the agents of our enemies knew such a proceeding was in existence . For instance , if you intended to petition for anything whatever , and the Directory were to issue its mandate to that effect , there might be 20 , 000 copies signed , say by twenty men each , and be in town ere sixty hourB had expired from the time of the order'being issued , or , if you desired to call simultaneous meetings , the parties might be on tbe ground before the blue devils got wind of the proceeding . It may be Baid that by so doing we should confine eur proceedings to our own body . Why , Gentlemen , anyone who does not wish the cause well , will neither pay , petition , or act with us , and it -would be much better for us to know our real strength , whether 50 or 6 , 000 in each union , than to depend on waverers .
For every association the proceedings may go on as before , except that all their orders regarding ulterior proceedings , -wili be Bent them by the Directory . Now , if the Directory had any specific plan ( as no doubt they will have ) for the people to act on , while they were unknown to the myrsiidons of the law , they might calmly watch its operation , and point out the best method of bringing our agitation to a happy consummation , and they need not to cut from their post , as the Convention did from Birmingham , for ftar of arrest ; and all the difference would be between a secret
Directory and an open one ; that if "Plain John " thought proper to lay the drag net of conspiracy once more beneath our feet , instead of having the whole affair floored , as it was after the 12 th of August , the principals could continue to work out our salvation as before , and if a few of the small fry , like myself , did once more honour the courts of injustice ,, so far oa to let them see our honest faces it would signify nothing , aa long as our brave compatriots did their duty , and extended tbe hand of benevolence to our bereaved families .
Let not my fellow men try to persuade themselves that the hydra-headed monster , that now crushes us to the dust , will be easily scotched . No , Sirs , I feel convinced that a long time will elapse , and the head of many a brave , bold , and good man will be laid low , as well as many a b- — -y tyrant , before we are in possession of those rights which the honest , upright , and ingenious Bons of Britain so richly deserve . Now , Sirs , whether the directing power be open or unknown , they must have control of the funds , and if a balance shall be published every month , and every association Sees how the money be spent , they surely cant complain , and where men are risking life and liberty forth * benefit of all , who will , or who dare have the temerity to grumble .
The time hM arrived , Sirs , that something must be done . Our trad « i « gone ; our artisans are starving ; the army is on the increase ; our streets are full of thieves and prostitutes , made by the system of Government under Which we live . Churches , gaols , and barracks Poor Law Bastites , mad houses , and refugees for the destitute are lining in every corner of the land . Our towns and villages , aye , even the green lanes of our moat retired find once happy hamlets , are infested with hired and armed spies . Murder , incendiarism , and vice of every-kind , the natural accompaniments of misnUe and national profligacy are every day occurrences No man is safe ; be steady , then , ye » eal representatlvea of a worthy and suffering- people ; when you '' meet in Manchester , bear in mind that the month of July has ever been noted as a time eminently pregnant with great national events . Avoid all unnecessary cavilling ; shun liquor , as ye would the fire of hell .
Remember tbat the destinies of a great and long Buffering community are to be on that day placed in your bands—go coolly then and steadily to work—none of you are so humble or so Illiterate , but yon may teach something to your fellows in slavery ; nor is any of you bo far exalted or boughed down by the extravagant weight of your sense or experience bat yon may learn something from the poorest and humblest of the honest men who may be sent amongst you ; above all , bear in mind the two following circumstances ;—first , that all tbe men in gaol look to you to do your duty , and in their absence to cultivate the ground they assisted you to break up before their arrest ; and , secondly ,
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that Ministers not only thought , bat one of them actually boasted to bis constituents in Edinbro' that Chartism has passed away like smoke . Shew to your friends in durance then , that yoa deserve the confidence the people has placed in you ; and shew the Scotch feelosofer that there is still fire enough left in the Chartist body to blow up every vestige of tyranny of foreign growth , whether planted in the fertile bed of the British Constitution , or seeking to be engrafted on the body politic , or the institutions connected therewith . Adien , my dear friends , I shall watch you closely ; and , O ! should I live to help yoa to cultivate the "Tree of Liberty" in the fragrant garden of democracy ! but if yoa shrink from doing your duty , that you may die in chains as yon have lived , shall be the every day prayer of A Republican .
P . S . It would be well if all persons , except members , were prohibited entering into any political meeting-room , during the transaction of any business ; and every man ought to have a handsome certificate to form an ornament in his house , and ornamented with an iron seal . Please to excuse haste , as we cannot write or get our letters posted when we will ; hence we must do it how and when we can , as this is the last time I shall trouble you . By inserting the foregoing in ye-ur valuable paper of the 4 th of July , you will greatly oblige ose of the Persecuted .
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Respected Sir , —It has often been said that nothing is more dreaded by those who wish to fatten upon the vices and follies of the people , than that they should become sober and intelligent . This is , no doubt , the fact , for if once the intoxicating bowl ia cast aside , it will be in vain to hope much longer to trample upon a nation's rights . The base manner in which those who are engaged in the traffic in strong drink act towards those who have forsaken their accursed dens , is such as ought to excite the disgust of all honourable minds . We have a Gent , not a hundred miles from Lowgate , who , when any of his men become teetotallers , and go to his golden cup for their wages on a Saturday night , contrives to put a little
liquor into their ginger or black beer , and then , telling them that they havebrokenthdrpledge , getBthemtodrink on till lie has , to a considerable amount , procured the cash they had received . But we know the cause of all this ; the craft is in danger ; and so sensible of it are those who are engaged in it , that even master brewers are coming forth , and boldly resolving that Sir John shall not fall , if by any means , fair or foul , they can keep him upon his legs . A curious instance of this occurred the other day at Skirlaugh , a village about eight miles from Hull . Mr . Rigg , a young and active teetotaller , had gone , in conjunction with some friends in the town , to bold a temperance meeting , and was engaged in his labour of love , when he was suddenly interrupted by a Mr . Foster , a respectable brewer , who , having got sufficiently drunk to advocate moderation , commenced a row with true Bachanaliau abuse , charging the young advocate with tramping about the
country to get an idle living , and using other language , too ungentlemanly to repeat ; the design evidently being to excite the country people to do him some bodily harm . This is the way in which the accursed traffic is sought to be upheld and carried on , and those who -would stop the devastating torrent are denounced aa the enemies of their race , and their lives put in peril by drunken brewers and publicans . As by the tyranny of these fellows many -working men are prevented from becoming sober , and making their homes comfortable , I hope you will be good enough to insert this that the Gents , may know that their proceedings are not going on unnoticed , and that they will , if persisted in , be thoroughly exposed . I am , Sir , Yours truly , A Teetotal Lover of Fairplay . Hull , July 6 , 1840 .
TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I wish to make the following enquiry , through the medium of your popular journal , as an answer through your columns would meet the eye of a greater number of London Chartists than any other channel that I know of . The question is—What is the reason , after it having been stated in the correspondent lists of the Southern Star and Statcsmatt newspapers , some time since , that the acknowledgment of the third list of subscriptions towards the defence of Mr . Frost should appear ntxt week , that it has not yet appeared ?
It has given room for much conjecture , and even dark insinuation as to the probability of some of the collectors not having paid the sums collected into the hands of the treasurer , Mr . Rogers . This ought to be rectified , I think , if possible , and I beg leave to suggest the propriety of an immediate answer from that gentleman , as to his motive for thus delaying , after it had been promised , the last list of subscriptions , and thereby giving room for mistrust on the part of the ever distrustful ; and I also beg leave to suggest the propriety of their acknowledgment through the medium of this periodical , as the Southern Star is defunct . I have the pleasure of subscribing myself , A Northern Star-gazer , and ONE OF THE COLLECTORS . London , July 14 th , 1840 .
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The Commission of Assize for this county and the city of York was opened on Saturday last , by Mr . Justice Coltman and Mr . Baron Rolfe . Their Lordships travelled in their own private carriages on the railway from London to Bolton Percy , about eight miles from York . This was of course quite a noveltv , and excited much conversation in the city . 1 'he usual procession went to Dringhouse ? , where the Judges arrived about seven o'clock , and were taken into the carriage of
the High Sheriff , Sir Clifford Constable , Bart . The number of tradesmen and tenantry was only small . The commission was then opened at York Castle and the Guildhall with the usual forms . [ We regret to state that a serious accident occurred at Dringhouses to Mr . Rounding , the conductor of the cavalcade . His horse , which was very spirited , threw him on the ground , and fell upon him , by which he was greatly injured . Medical assistance was promptly procured , and it is expected he will recover , though at first this was doubtful . ]
On Sunday morning , their Lordships attended divine service at the Cathedral . Prayers were read by the Rev . D . Fellowes , and the Rev . J . Dobson , tho Very Rev . the Dean assisting in tho communion service . The sermon was preached by the Rev . J . Machell , the High Sheriff ' s Chaplain , from Gen . m 9 , and 10— " And the Lord said unto Cain , whore is Abel thy brother ? and he said , I know not : am . I my brother ' s keeper ? And he said , What hast thou done ! the voice of thy brother ' s blood crieth unto
me from the ground . " This sermon ' was excellent as an evangelical discourse , but not the slightest allusion was made in it to tho crime of murder in general , or to those frightful particular instances ot its perpetration , which have excited so great an interest of late throughout the country . After the sermon , the Judges partook of tlfts sacrament . Sir Clifford Constable being a Catholic , accompanied the Judges to the doors of tho Cathedral , and then proceeded in his carriage to the Catholio Chapel , in Blake-street .
MONDAY , July 13 . . Mr . Justice Coltman attended at the Guildhall , at half-past eight o'clock , but there being n » prisoners for trial , a Grand Jury were empannelled , and immediately discharged . The Learned Judge then breakfasted at the Mansion House , where he was met by a select party . YORK CASTLE . —CROWN COURT , Jr / LY 13 . Mr . Baron Rolfe arrived punctually at twelve o ' clock . The routine business having been gone through , the following gentlemen -were empanelled on the
GRAND JURY . The Right Hon . Lord Viscount Lascelles , of Goldsbrough Hall , Foreman . The Hon . J . C Dundas , M P ., of Aske . Sir William Mordaunt Milner , Bart , of Nan Appleton . Sir John Lister Lister Kaye , Bart , of Denby Grange . Richard Bethelli Esq ., M . P ., of Rise . Henry Broadley , Esq ., M . P ., of Beverley . Henry Preston , Esq ., of Moreby . H « wlejr Mortimer Baines , Esq ., of Bell Hall . John Watson Barton , Esq ., of Stapleton Park . William Gatforth , Esq ., tif Wiganthorpe .
Timothy Hntton , Esq ., of Clifton Castle . Yorburgh Greame , Esq ., of Sewerby Grange . Henry Vansittart Straubenrie , Esq ., of Spennithorpe . John Tweedy , Esq .,-of Yerk . Henry Witbam , Esq ., of Lutrington . Edward York , Esq . ; of Wighill Park . George Lloyd , Esq ., of Stockton HalL John Agar , Esq . * of Hazle Bush . William Bethell , Esq ., of Rise . Joseph Robinson Pease , Esq ., of H « sslewood . John Swann , Esq ., of Hntton Hall . - George Walmsley , Esq ., of Naburn HalL Edward Waud , Esq ., of Chester Court
His Lordship , in charging the Grand Jury , observed that be was extremely sorry on the first occasion that he had the honour of addressing a Grand Jury of this county , to see the calendar , though it did not contain a great number of offences , yet presenting cases of great enormity . There would come before them bills charging ho less than four persona with the crime' of murder . It was extremely probable , as they had often been engaged in duties of this nature , that any observation from him would be unnecessary , yet he would just call their attention to the circumstances of some of the cases , as they were disclosed by the depositions , with the View of directing their inquiries . There was one case frightful to think of—that of a daughter having murdered her mother . They would probably have no difficulty as to the facts , but he perceived , from the depositions , that it was likely the defence set up would be that the party was insane . On this subject he wouM say bat little ; prima fade [ every , human being u
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responsible for his actions . If a Grand Jury found f * pe ^ S v f tuaUy to » state of delirium , iiiT ^* ^ j P ° 88 lble for them to say that he < 3 id wWuUyand of malice aforethought kill , because were there was not thought , there could not of course be mahoe . But , undoubtedly , in matters of doubt it was the safer course to Grand Juries to place such prisoners ? Sif ? ' ?* ae ihe P ® 11 * i 1 " * mayrfterwards ( asthey had seen in a recent case ) acquit on tfct , grouud of Wnrty , and the Court had then the power to confine the individual
_ for life , and thus to protect the public from further mischief . Another case in the calendar was scarcely less shocking ^ -it was that of a mother for the murder of her child—not what waa commonly supposed by charges of this sort , a mother killing her illegitimate child at the moment of birth , to conceal her shame , but a mother murdering her child two or three years old . In this case they would have to consider that tbe child in question was murdered , and there could be no doubt as to ita identity , for the child had on , when found , the clothes which it
undoubtedly wore when alive . The only point then would be , whether the woman charged was the murderer . In cases of this description they had rarely actual evidence of blows having been struck : here the body was found in the house where the prisoner had lived , and it appeared never to have been seen alive after it was taken to her by the overseer . There was another case , in -which he thought they would not have much difficulty . It appeared that the roan was apprehended on some charge of felony , and , whilst in custody , he made a violent attack on the police-officers , wounded one , and actually , killed another . In this case there was . a suggestion that the prisoner was labouring under aberration of mind , but he would recommend them to return a bill , and-that matter might be more fully
investigated in open court He next alluded to the case of a man committed for a violent assault on a female child , who had died a few days after the outrage . There could be no doubt in point of law that if a person in the act of committing a felony caused the death of another , although death might not be bis purpose , still he was guilty of murder . He had therefore desired true bills to be presented against this manone for the murder and the other for the assault . Of course they would direct their attention to the facts , and see that the charges were sustained by evidence before they returned the bills . There were several
other cases in which loss of life bad arisen—those of manslaughter , some of those were from stabbing , -which he regretted to gay had of late become common ia this country . On « of the cases of manslaughter wa » against seme boys for causing the death of a man who was intoxicated by a blow or fall . In that case they would have to say whether death might not have been the effect of aprevious inflammation of the brain , brought on by excessive drinking . His Lordship referred to no other cases , and concluded by Baying that if any difficulty should arise during these investigations , the Court would be happy to afford them every assistance in its power .
The Grand Jury having returned true bills , the Court proceeded with tho trials for felony .
HORSE STEALING . Richard Garlvit , 22 , was charged with having stolen a mare , belonging to William Bower , of Bawtry . Mr . Knowles appeared for the prosecution '; the prisonor was undefended . The prosecutor is a gardener , and on the 13 th of April he had a mare in his possession , which he employed for the purpose of conveying the produce of hia ground to the market On the evening of that day he placed the mare in the stable , which was near his house . Next morning he found the mare missing ; he ? immediately gave information to the constable , and on
the latter going to Naworth Toll Bar , he saw the prisoner on the mare which the prosecutor bad lest . He was taken into custody , and when in the prosecutor ' s house he confessed that he had broken the stable door open with a brick , and had then taken the mare with the intention of selling it to some potters . Guilty—to be transported for ten years . After sentence had been passed , Mr . Noble , the Governor of the Castle , Informed the Learned Judge that the prisoner was of weak intellect . His Lordship replied that his insanity would be a matter for subsequent consideration .
BIGAMY . Joseph Ainley , 45 , pleaded guilty to having , on the 5 th of August , feloniousfy and unlawfully married Hannah Worm&ld , a widow , at the parish of DewBbury , his former wife , Sarah Ainley , being then alive . In mitigation of punishment , the prisoner alleged several conjugal differences . To be kept to bard labour for eight months .
SHEEP STEALING . William Vttley , 43 , was charged with having , on the 23 rd of April , at Soyland , in the West Riding , stolen one sheep , the property of George Kershaw . Mr . Wilkins was for the prosecution ; the prisoner was defended by Sir Gregory Lew in . The prosecutor is a farmer residing at Loyland , near Halifax . On the 22 nd of April , his brother , who acted as his shepherd , turned a number of sheep on a moor in the vicinity . Next morning a sheep called " a wriggler" wa 3 missing . Suspicion falling on the
prisoner , his house was searched , and on looking in a peat cot in hiB yard ,. Bottomley , the constable , found the skin of a Bheep , having horns on it , and in every respect resembling the Bkln of the aheep lost by the prosecutor . -The mutton vrha found in a bowl in the milk house . The prisoner was then brought from his work , and on being shown the mutton , he drew the prosecutor into the parlour , pulled out a drawer , took out a piece of fustian , and offered it to the prosecutor to settle the matter . He afterwards offered £ 2 , but tho constable took him into custody .
Sir Gregory Lewin addressed the Jury , on the unsatisfactory nature of the evidence as to the identity of the sheep , but the Jury returned a verdict of guilty , arid he was sentenced to be transported for ten years . , HORSE STEALING AT ROTHWELL HAIGH . Thomas Corbett , 43 , and Andrew Willey , 20 , were indicted for having stolen , on the 25 th of May , a brown mar e , belonging to Jonathan Craven , of Rothwell Haigh . Cotbett pleaded Guilty . Sir Gregory Lewin , and Mr . Overend were for the prosecution j Mr . Cottingham defended the prisoner Willey .
The prosecutor had five horses in a pasture on the day mentioned in the indictment , and on the following morning one of them was missed . The same day the two prisoners were at Rotterham , with the mare in their possession , and from their suspicious appearance , they were token into custody . The defence was that Willey had been trapped into Corbett ' s coy , and that he was not aware of the mate having been stolen . — Guilty . Corbett was sentenced to be transported for ten years , and Willey to be imprisoned to hard labour two years . The Court rose shortly before six o ' clock . TUESDAY , July 14 . ¦ ' */ CSSOTH STEALING . John Roebuck , 2 < i , was indicted for having stolen three yards . , of brown woollen cloth , fifteen yards of mulberry cloth , and three yards of olive cloth , belonging to Edwin Eastwood and his partner .
Messrs . Waskey and Atherton conducted the prosecution ; the prisoner was undefended . It appeared from the evidence that Messrs . Eastwood and Co . are cloth-dressers , at Farnley Tyas , near Huddersfleld , and in December last , they received seven pieces of cloth from Mr . George Shaw , to dress . On the night of the 3 rd of January , the cloth was safe ; locked up in the press-shop ; next morning it was found tbat the shop had been broken open , and the property mentioned in the indictment was missing , A person named Hague , a clothes-dresser , at Milnabridge , met the prisoner afterwards at the Golden Lion ; he asked him if he got any cloth . The prisoner Baid he had , and gave him some pieces described in the indictment , for which he paid him £ 8 15 s . He afterwards told Hague , that he and three other persona had stolen the cloth from a pressshop , at Farnley Tyas . The prisoner kept out of the way for some time , but was apprehended on the 16 th of April , when he endeavoured to make his escape . — ¦
Guilty . ¦• . : The Learned Judge said his youth induced him not to send him out of the country ; he was , therefore , sentenced to be kept to hard labour eighteen months ..
HORSE-STEALING . Robert Pickersgill , 19 , and William White , 19 , were charged with having , on or about the 10 th of April , at Glass Houghton , stolen a bay horse , the property of Geferge Parker . Sir Gregory Lewin and Mr . Wasney appeared for the prosecution ; the prisoners were defended by Mr . Baines and the Hon . J . 8 . Wortley . The prosecutor is a fanner residing at Castleford about three miles from Pontefract , and on the day stated in the indictment the horse threw his son John , and galloped away . He was not again S 9 eu until Barnaley Fair , on the 13 th of May , where he was seen
by the prosecutor in the hands of a man named Needham , of Sheffield . The prosecutor ' s son went up to him , and asked him how long he had had the hone ; Needham replied " four years . " The son replied ha should think not , and inquired the priee , which Needham said was £ l 5 . He used some expressions whieh caused the horse to eome and lay his head on the shoulder , as a sign of recognition . Needham said , "What , that ' s it , is it V and he was given into custody . Needham said he had swapped a horse for it , and after some trouble , it was traced to the original possession of White , who then implicated PkkersgiU in the com mission of the offence . He confessed this to Kershaw , the constable .
Mr . Baines and Mr . Wortletaddressed the jury for the prisoners , urging first , that the evidence was insufficient to convict them , and nest alleging , that though the horse was traced to them , yet that they had been made the tools of an older and more designy ing party , who had stolen the horse , which the prose cutor ' s son had fallen off , being , at the time , in a state of intoxication . ; - «¦ ' . Several witnesses were then called ,. who gave the two young men a previous good character for honesty . The Learned Jddge haying summed" up minutely , the jury retired ,: and after an absence , of an hour and a half , returned into Court with a verdict of rGnilty , but strongly recommended them to mercy . — -To be hjaprl Boned six months . ( Continued in our eighth page . )
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Yorkshire Summer Assizes
YORKSHIRE SUMMER ASSIZES
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. ;] / . i - >¦ : H ; ; ¦ :- ¦ THB NORTHER N STAR . ' - ' ¦ ¦ , ¦ ¦ ¦; .. . _ . V 7
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 18, 1840, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2693/page/7/
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