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THE REFUGE OF FREEDOM.
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VOttTQ.
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rHE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1840. *¦¦-- — irrrii t» ¦hhhi -i mrin inn i ¦ hi ¦ ¦¦ mmmn
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as . 8 is. ^l!?!™^??^*^ 0 ? 8 r-Itis 8aid
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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LIBBBTT-CHIYBKSAL LIBERTY . » t " finvt , " liberty * agMM Isast " * IAerty to Bamfrtma-t 'twas aw that made fee |* t . '" - II to Utter to la * In * t mb , aad nek a tatattou ^ laaam M tfcrwMty Mpptat * « r 11 m mm ¦ ^¦ ^¦ s fltts ^ k ¦ & bIVsvBBVVHbI ^ m '" 'H'flM ^ YVHHsMft ^ fasT ' mm J 5 I / the * «• *•*• Mi 4 mk •* tfc » mm * tatfiteni K ^^ 'l ?^ % ***•**»> " ^ " ^ Oi wbow «* Uj » eataifma *** tiat Ibeafa wkM « m « T paajtjnMj 01 wft « wonta * W to Ob tm&iltSk 1 rboi *> »¦ wesMehlU M * «— tat * . 0 f wbo woWd set * s traitors fce , Or bask la t * Wwlity ssUb f OMfh the WN *«* i « BjsMafoUea ma , A ^ tb * <^ , an «» e # § U »> Cosskabs ^ abtiBlpsflMiaa . Go wzMttnm the poor m * a hi * right , Qorob fhe pott orphan—&atM&ng of taam * WAI atelier tbe ks » wi *> wvmits . f wtmM not U a tyrant's ilavB , Vat tetad wliete slave ka » . h trod ; rdntbw tooldtapr , and « n » fnwe » la the cease oTfiae < k > i »—of fiOlX j « M&Befc . eould not , grasp the ore , ThattoMnioabtott ^ 4 opm ; . 1 votM tn live oa nnmaafota , To ssm ¦ marble tomb { -- ¦ - 0 no ! tte ^ tle of " my Lord , - Ctn ne'er be worn by nan : ¦ O , « t ass *** MMftwma Hfg name , jwfttti tHijrtwtf ^ fpfB > Jbsn > Mil ill — . atemya ) sgaB * ; iwita « f * ewpUn # ta » 4 , - IVfctUT neUfeervW grf « & > - - ^ eatlairavttfertand . ; . ' ; Go , TdaBMB , go , mae « B « wrltnBt ' M « yb » a £ , > : tea * to betray ; ' - Bat ! wfllpkya riuwipart Let . wao win , daie ^ iiawy . , . . : alsssul ; T « b ebwart neW wiSask , , ' , ^ tt&jbej * b » g ? od—* b » ttayt - ?^ ia-SS 58 ^ . : v := v :- r ?^ v U--- v' - ^ ii ^ - rn- ' ¦ ' - ¦¦ - . - >
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y . ft * SL * ^ "W »»«* * e ei » neeive to be tri fles , £ SSlSi ^ ' ** H ^? f «»* * *«« H » t * oWttiamcttt of our oMeet : feme * « t own telfttTil ^ ZZSk * * ttdWme we ret * ( fee prodtce hopes aw left unmlised . ' M | I
The Refuge Of Freedom.
THE REFUGE OF FREEDOM .
; 'd .: " . - '¦*¦ SOBKST , . "STHfMi JaiftarfreedofflialMff-waBdTiDgigooe ? Bteks the the dessert drear , or rocky wild ; fibereti * erect anew , her lettered Ornate JKmb city * 1 wx » , front innmuilwuBt * nio 3 qAJai ! » o » poibyi » T « rynode £ lai . A welcome yield * , oro-wns . ber rightf * I rdgn ; ¦ tite deluge deveane flea , fedora , reviled , : *** # » £ * , where ooafrAe rated , a r rest tn -rain , ;* ffi , * i ^ t heOw few * fleetly to the main ¦ flhssaesa castle * fnrmring-tamUrlte—Tte tynjtt stratghold—flBtraee ifa * doth gain 'Jasd ttiift , ln dottgeonlbne and TfW Afe lies , ^ M ^ lMMa-o * O-CoBxtert gaud eell ; i-• » m to fiiwrgrt ¦ itfcfcii . ttwiraQtBalftMitoqvia . . r \ -WJt ^ OWife
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ORIGLNAi . ^ E ^ BLICAH APHOBISMS , ^^^ T ^^^^^^ W ^ l ia g ^^ i ^^^^ - ^ G ^^ s Sfe ^ SS ^ -i-> 4 n ^« s »«« MP 9 *« 6 n » - ^ o ^ oitoj ^ rel ^ Bipea - •« J »^ pi ; p >« - *» r the mind ' s « ye to dwell apon , ^ rHiimemar U cLirbh , r » . ve tbat .-wsich ib gtOl MMoa « d bythe bnman fiuoflj ia . oor owa -d » Tditfuu liriiV ^^ to . ¦
Bmmm , jarAea Aeqaewsy , teU n » thst th * a ^ re jM ^ sennatiB |^ r 7 tipt bm& tore tempenry ple « ore Mftai of las ^ Bg fiiS ^ ncsie-thitthmeB sensual are •» tohfciiiRwt ^ taaer * thsa the dancte enjojaent ewiieqiaat o ^ A # yactioe of tvtoe , « a 4 dae-Appre-# ^» rfthe l » MJ » i . trfpQ » » or » lity . - . QumiMt to , 4 fisttoj weretlj , thai which it ctpm not it ffranit to iajgre openly ; instead of honest oppoeitaofi thewr is cowardly hatred . Here we find ¦ ta at eowwdke is erer tae eomBaoion of vice ; aad a ^ WBT e- 8 BflBMjftdfe i » alki > nnay be handled secretly . aMaiartmiBMttftfjrlhor wicked desigas , U i& * hrays " ¦»«> w , TB ^ jaEfep- rirtaoag , Soaod » lbegets bos-^ pjeam , 1 ^ ' ^ idPiliilUi ¦ mite the guilty mht&r " ^* I > B » d 6 Wt 09 S&S ^ 9 i '» A > for a time ,
uneneonn-• tered , fhwfeqr idt'jartatjt oaly attains the gupre-: «^ , bz ^ p | M ^» a ^ Mtore' 8 priraarylawBtt * t of o * x ^ JtehM . q / at $ e again restored to its TolIl > eannjK , SaJR ^ CtaAxaI melioration or sadden ekiBge ; a ^ &S ^ raS a * e mentally bo blind that ; lbey nnnnt _ liriiTiifiiil iW hi p , ikes B » ture herself renores th » equilibrium nnpereeiYed , yet effectually EKCXitnuGS ibl deserving with your approval , and - « Beite the « nthnsiasnt of merit , by pointing out , as a -ftiamlns to exertiDn , the recompaoee that all really food men . deau « , iajetorn for hoaest exertions , viz .: —approbation for the performance of a daty , the
weeeesfolly combating with difficulties that appear iarannonntabie tortherz , mad the knowledge ait tfie cjeet aimed &i tended to benefit the whole human nee . These stimulant * , aad these only , axe worth / incitements to a really hobut man . ' Fashiox isa snperfinegenn of idiocy ; ft can only"be teteretedbf rational beings , oat « f pare eonlpassion ' or the frailty of fools ! We do not mean neaineu when we -repudiate " fashion , " To be neat and aeanly in oar garb , attentive to our neighbour , and btndfy in OOr general anwmw ' rf . H -rrith ¦ m * . nVir »^ ara < alj vbe dictaveaof eommon sense .
; Giaxi Jusxigb whenerez the demand is made , or the moment that wrong is apparest ; do net mimic the false " charity" ^ -modern hjpocrisy , bj offering " aTiaaased spiritual "consrtatfffn" to a poor starring . . joeaiae * TriiBH ^ h *<* nBtB bread J l ^ Hnpwp not wHh iiw&ielia ^ sof tie , iwngty by ; a f-roffer of -words wall the . Etomachi Gaitbim jcsrtcs—he will ask .. ^^ hartty . - ¦ ¦ --. - - -- -- .- ¦> - .. _ Htxm , B DEMSiTiotiS asffspeeen are sore tokens « inkrHal wor th and Matneritj hnpadeace and . wroshfi loqajjajy . axe-eertain-iadieations of d * fitiency , 6 otn jn £ pod behavioor and sound mind ; > oe aod « tT-inta 4 r'l > € i "' 6 « tfee « ied by eray living j ^»* atw , «* # ti » 'i » tR *! ¦
.. .. -tf -p - s . - , . ^ Stejjn ^ akauada Ar ^ fftea-tfeoae ^ wbosiihe iUHsy world Heanlcast . " I ^ tesbjo . Pbiscef i £ ebmprisath all that is truly TOQfcble . within human Een : just and effectvre poliwal fasowledge ; areodebf onaDoyed lBoaKty , and the highest degree of intellectual perfection ; pore tod disinterested motives based on qualities such as wese are , would at once stamp the MfBessor as a ° « Hg amply qualified to assume flwT&ti ^ s of a lawgp"er , ind properly fitted to become a flatieoal ad-Jjeer ; yet , to onr sorrow and tkam » be iirtdM , i ? fiuoy Iucre ^ or the possession , of a stipo-¥ * ° J"y requisite neeessary to qualify a man w the « tdooaa and important duty of a legis-J ** lliI , 18 &B Hmn » l TBCeint of a- rflrtiin imnnnt
" * ea quantum of earth , Hme , and stonej no mat-« what the weight of his " dome of thought" or «» measured extent of his capability : these consti-^ 4 la wgiver ! Shades of Solon and Lrcurirus , go *** ns from their " laws ! " WeU may we mourn « e past glory of Greece—ib * integrity of Sparta , wthe grandeur of Athens , with soch a living ^ wrtrast fortiBg ifa aboainagofiB-oh enr sfght . But *« we erred in ascribing « vHs to their legislation jnaeh are properly oars . If msn were determined w live unfettered , slavery wonld be unknown : if all to
^ uTs" ? »«>^ ed extirpate tyranny , tyrant 3 ^ ald find th « r task naprofitable : therefow , should ikl *?!?* e c ^* TiOB will represent virtne , or «^ foUv will legislate wisely ! H it is your aim ^ joshce and power should form a prominent fea-« J m your legiBttive system , see that yonr legisla-« % possess integral principle . iiMODEiAiK Dksibe is seldoBi , if ever , gratified ^ lJ ?* ^ accomplishment of our aims ; from this fact , "" * taere is never greater certainty of onr being ¦^ pointed than when our Tisionary hopes are ^^ B at their greatest height . This is partly to be ¦ ^• ceaio ' « own self-impertance , which preTeatB
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the " northern star , " the " nor ; thern liberator , " and" the &ussophobia missionaries : ,. / : _ . It is very refreshing , atall , events to mf who have been from oar birth , accustomed to the tomahawks , Bledge-hammers , and battering-ram * of our aatagonist contemporaries , amongst whom we may rank the whole" establishment , " to receive rebuke through the medium of gentleman-like remonstranoe . We , therefore , thank the Northern Liberator for the fcone and language in which the article " Northern Star , " is coached . However , before we reacknowledge all our former maturely-considered opinions , respecting the Rosso-Chartist movement , and the conduct of
Mr . Charles Attwood , and those who have aided and abetted him in his most nnacoooantabk folly , we shall take the liberty of analysing our amiable contemporary ' s own opinions and notions upon the subjects of Peace , War , aad Chartism . This we shall do , not by an over-strained demand for consijtency ; not by comparing the opinions of ourfriend ,. as expressed at different periods ; not even by examining the inner form of the Liberator as evidence against its companion , tho outer form of the same date , but by comparing together the different columns of the Bame page of the very last Liberator . jn page four , then , we find , in the first column , a leading ar ticle , under the head " Pbace ob War , *' and under the title "Northern Liberator and
Champion . . - This is an able article . With , this article we feel all in eommon ; and had the remonstrance closed it , we should have found some difficulty in separating the two qustions ; that cfMr . Attwood ' s . individual gambols and the general question of Universal ^ Kar , In this article we find the foliowingpassage : — I' Bat in duty considering th& principal cause o _ 5 tha " presfcnt exdtement in France against England , vwraast ' net totally everlodt ~ the ' minor or secondary causes . These , too , have their proportionftte degrees of power and inflaence in the general efidct . _ Amongst th » most
prominent of those secondary Jiaases , we must always keep before our mind ' s eye , the perfect knowltdgefhe French ' people hooe of our actual political condition They know , and feel fully convinced , we can go no more to war , with our present burdens on our shoulders Theylaibw that on the first declaration of war from either side of the channel , we must have Sank restriction and one pound notes ; and that these expedients , In a very short space of time , would bring us into such a state of internal turmoil and confusion , that we should suffer more than tongue or pen could describe . " This passage we will not weaken by any attempt
to heighten . We will merely repeat the words . " We should suffer more [ "from War ] than pen or tongue can describe . " Thig passage refers to War generally ; let us now see what the writer says , a little further on , upon the particular subject of a French War . He proceeds thus : — " Whatever is beneficial for France , must , except in a very subdued and qualified sense , be injurious to us ; and whatever promotes 6 ur welfare and power , must injure France . This is , in the constitution of things , the settled order of Providence , and cannot be altered . It can never be politic or wise in either nation to lay aside all jealousy and suspicion , as to the movements and actions of each other . "
These two pasragfe ) should be hung up in every British peasant ' s house ; and should ensure a place on ever ; peasant ' s table for the Northern Liberator
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FOREIGN POOR LAWS , No . VI . 16 . SAWN ** Sxatm . —TIn geatral ijtteM tp-Mjan to rmeabU tfcai of IWm , « um 4 that la PitdacntmaoieUy UnotaaAMM . laAaipro via « e , every faarily to wwt immm UwimoIim ii th » ( tretta , aad aft almi of th » p 4 Mer » ky . Ia the Ttlkyi of Om A » p « oioM »« ffiiaff tetankd wtot wife « Unt , m | g geMrally 4 a « 4 aM wh « r % tUmi nnt « ar « theordiB * ryfoodoftb « lfw « r « r 4 « n .
In Piedmont then we no wtaMbbmwU for th « reception of the poor ; bol there aliU « diT eontentt at whoae doom soup , bread , aad other kindi of nod are distribute . Tho pawabroking thope lead at ¦ ix per cent , and the nanber of- peMons who have reooowe to then b immease . Then an atreral ko « p ) tali for ineorables , into which those whose oarj infirauty is old ; age . maaage to be received
They are also relieved by many charitable institutions , aad by law then vught to be in evtryptuh « Charitable Atsociatitn , but almost all the rural parishes are without then . There , are many hospitals for the sick ; the managpment of these is gene-( ally under the influence of GofBrtfttant , bat in aoaw town * the pccletiasMoal attihorities interfere , mod Uis m tueh catt * that there it tnitof disorder ndabu M * . ¦ - .: ' - v .
If an munanied woman baa a child by aa uaaur rkd man , she ha « reeoarse to the ecclesiastical' -tij Waal -to compel hitKto marry he * and eho sneeeeds '; if she eaa prove previous good oondack , and that pnsmseB , or other means of : sedveti 6 nvwemnB > ateyed against her . Many towns have ; hospitals for foundlings , where the child is deposited generally at night in a wheel , which commnnicates with the street , and with the interior of the house . A bell is norths wheel tarns , the child is-SBodved and nmubered , and «» farther trao > reaiaiaf ' of the trataaction . ¦ .- - . ¦ -.-., * , ; . A . •; ¦ . ^^ noa >> 8 afcS 8 « aspl « n » t nriaes > MtiWiiMnwai ,
< m ** Kr ^ ceM ^ 1 * m * mt ^ 4 mkk ** i * larg&arflnm JferJknaties * : Somm aM ^ ataia ^ listriets eontain many of the : idiots , '< omMealy > tailed "Cretins . " They are in general gentle aad iaoflensite , and the object * of the pity and aeahras 'assis * tance of all around them ; so maeh so , that it U never necessary to place them in an feMpital . There ejrists en mtere $ Hng popular belief that a special protection of Heaven it attach *! to thehtuse inhm * bited bya u Cretin : ' How valuable and bow laudable it is , to nourish a pleasing , natural superstition , which bears relief to the unfertunate 1 Truth also probably lies at the bottom of thjs belief , for we can easily imagine that Heaven throws ite all-protecting shield around those who arc deprived of the powers conferred by pure , nnclouded reason .
In Genoa ( population , 80 , 000 ) the whole mendicant population may be estimated at 700 . The other poor are relieved at their own homes by the gover-
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crt of nhfjllliii ; thoir children are km ultouriy wtraetea nmay indigent are received inio the poor «* pUal . ' , . . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . . ;¦ ¦ ; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ •¦ :- . ; . ; ¦ ' ; Ia Saroy ( he total number of mendicants uuj be wteawd at 3 ^ 00 . Ia the town of Chamberr rcUei distributed aooordioi to a simple and exeeUent ystesa , The poor are divided into twenty-four disriota , each confided to a committee , com-istinK of hree ladles of ' . ' dntity ( dtmtt dt ehariiljt l >« - onfing in general to the highest elan of society . Baeh eoaunlttec seeks on * , registers , and
sn-> eriniends , the poor of its district , ^ , et tevet utfrasnw to those families vfko ^ W ^ be iiitgrecci ^ i ^ ; mo / MA . n tf their slbation . The reaour oes of ( he i * mn Je dtfritl conslAt only of one-tenth ) f the price of the theatrioal tickets , of great public eeUeotipns , and of some secret gifta from individuals . M If this [ , establishment were rich anough , it would be far superior to all other charitable iMtitnttona , " These are many hospiiale , &c Out of 102 , 000 familifls in the Duchy , 8 $ jO « 0 heads of families are owners of some portion of land ; 80 , 000 of them subsist by agriculture .
17 . Venic * . —The funds arising from voluntary donations are collected and distributed by a commission of public charity , composed of the laity of the first rank , at the head of which is the patriarch . These funds arise from bequests , voluntary contrtbutiona , eollectiona made by lay associatioas in the thirty-parfshee , the produce of some lotteries , and from * - singular contrivance of the late patriarch , [
whevinordor to render an old onstom of complimentary visits on New Year ' u Day contributory tf the porpoaet of charity , had it announced , that all who would Buhfcribe to the poor funds Bhoold have their aamen published , and be exempted from the eostljr ceremony of making New Year gifts . No almBhdusesexist in Venice , but there are houses ojr industry . ¦ . . /¦ ¦ ¦ ¦* ' ¦ - ; ¦ . ¦ ¦ ^ ' - ' ; . i j f I
TW irinB « w receivinf annual re ^ ef oat 47 , * Wrtlw * ' « ndi ? u ^ aittUly for ipreltj . of Venice alone , vrnWi no # © oiti&t apopnbAipii of lW , 000 . Cases of dea ^ hbj l » sJrT | tfon ^«« i | ar | 6 j ^^ ^ during ^ ^ , 4 e ^« rfdiB ttesB caseed byrtto blockade In 1813 , and th « famine li I 1817 , no occur ^ M of tbii'ldfnd ww knownV Th ^ podrer class ©* are ren \ aTlM | pii ) r their klndnesa to eaoh ^ ther fn ^ fTriinii nf ' lilfjrafti ' ¦ H il need ; there is much family-attcfion in all the Venetian classes ; and in sipknesa , distress ; and did age , among the poorer ordcrsj , they show every disposition to assist I and relieve eaeh other . l j
Iff . PoBT ^ jjl AND ITS DsPENDEKCIBS . —In this jountry there are many poor ; but they are relieved by sharity , while their children are eduoated . The system is by no means clearly d « nned , nor strongly ponnected . . 19 . Gkbecb . —Two classes of vagrants are found here ; of these , one is formed by individuals who , bsing averse to labour , live by robbery ; the other of those persons , who , though destitute and refusing to labour ; yet-, do not resort to jobbery . In some 8 1 y
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This article is " The Liberator , " tne original stock , the Bkivkont tree of knowledge ; but we pass to the fourth column in the same page , and we find the if Champion" ihe crab-appk graft upon the Beau-. moni tree . And this . is * a wholesale attack upon Catholici ^ in general ; but npon the Irish Catholics in particular . Taken apart from tfie . other article * , it might pass for Protestant venom : it only beoomea remarkable as forming a part of what we have a right to consider to be the whole context . It arraigns
Catholicity as , in its very essence , repugnant to all free political insijitutionB ; a position which we repudiate and uttariy ideny ; ; . This article quotes a " passage from the ' defence of John Hohnk Took * , to the efibct that the Catholic-r eligion is "a religion destructive to the civil rights of mankind ? and favourable to . absolute and arbitrary power . " We beg , however , ti ) remind the ^ Liberator that the question is one to . be settled by dedaetiona from reason and from facts , and not by the dictum of authority , even if better authority than Horne
Tooke had been adduced . We refer to this article for the purpose of pointing out the fallacious reasohingioF our contemporary from the adverse prinoipleB ^ f ^ bcsevieral articles ; and to remind the f » % a ^ -th-ati if the Catholio religion has at all iimeBleai , in its very essence , opposed to liberty , a whole nation of Catholics is not exactly the best market for the wares of Protestant England , nor is Such a people likely to look favourabl y upon our Charter , which is the very quintessence of pure and unalloyed democracy . : .
. We new como to the flank article of the rank and file . At starting , we find the following passage : — ^ •^ If / a war such as this takes place , Emfland [ cannot > e kepp out of it ; audoutof stteha w ^ SSe Wm-ih * people would get their Charter eooaer-thaH by any other means we know . " ¦ - *** ° r . * * X " . ' . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ . - ; ¦ " - ,- . i It is not for us , but for theZiigw / orto p ^ nt o « t the coherency of this with the . assertion previously quoted , that we should suffer / more from war than tongue or pan could doscribe . But we deny in toto the position that war would accelerate the attainment of the Charter . We maintain that , on the ooatrary . it is the only thing that is likely seriously to retard
it . Here , however , we have the very worst and moat unchristian principle , tha principle of war m general , and the necessity for a war , just now , in particular , in whioh England is to take a part , advocated by the Liberator . This we regret exceedingly . And we thank Heaven , that , in this view of the matter , the Liberator stands alone . The inconsistency of the Liberator and the Russo-Chartist demagogues is also strikingl y remarkable , in reference to their denunciation of the Foreign Office . They cry out against war , as an unchristian , expensive , and devastating scourge , to be avoided , if possible ; and at the same time cry out for the head of Lord Palmebston , because he will not embroil us
in war ! Tho Liberator says : — "Ia conclusion , if * he Editor of the Star ¦ will enquire , he will find xhb Whigs mt&ill v pha $ ed vith thu article of his .. He must recolkethove often they adverted to ' Holloway Head / when what we must call the unfortunate amendment of our friend Collins was
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placet , many persons have mutilated their new-born children for the express purpose of exciting compassion , aad obtaining alms . Charitable Bubscr iptioni ire the only means by which the poor , sick , &o . » obtain relief . 20 . Etooviah Tuhkiy . —The « nly charitable institutions sire religions establishments and khans , in which vagrants are allowed to remain a few days and reoelve food ; and sehools attachedto the mosques , in which all ^ bildren may receive gratuftouB education .
This finishes the history of Foreign Poor Laws . We hafe narrated the foregoing history , we trust , Impartially and Intelligibly ; we shaU shortly offer a few deductions from the preying faots . Md , also endeavour to peint out in whif peculiar reep «< rt the priM | p » l forelga systems : surpass , or faUabort , of our owa . At present we subjoin a few data illustrative of thi oondiiion of fereica labourers .
First , let us see the answers on this subject returned to questions regarding English agricultural laboxief * , so that we may better compare the reBunB . - ! ;' ; v ; . - '; ;; . ¦/ : ;\ ' \ : " : ¦ ¦ ¦' - ¦ . ¥ :. ¦ The first inquiry was " What ia the general amount of wages of an English able-bodied male ' labourer , with or withoat beer , in Bummer and winter ! "
354 Parishes give an average , in summer , with beer or cider , of per week , Us . 4 jd . 522 ^ 0 , pf-lfta . 5 id , " 2 W give an ^ verage , in winter , with beer or eider , of per week , 8 s . i | d . S 44 in , wink * , without beer or cider , of per week , ^^ pA v : \; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ .-..,. ' - ¦ , : ' - ^ teondly , ** What , ' ^^ in the whole , migntan average
labourer , obtaining _ an ' . tyeirage amount of employment , bothin day-wortand piece-work , expect to wnm in the year , ' inoluding harvest-work , a 4 d the value of all bis other advantages . and means of I UTinfe « cepfnarl 8 hre $ efr' « t ^ atin ;| ne whole f . might a labourer ' a wife and four children , aged * ' taa ^^ i ^ ' ^^^ i f ^' jfm jespectively , _ ' ( the eldeit ^ boy ) expeet to earn in the year ,
obtain-> iog ; iujn ihf formerjase , an average amount « f e ^^ y - <;? £ . ¦ & . u :: ^ - ' - ¦ ^ panahp give , for the man , an average of ^ iYbu iod : v ;^ " " : ; 668 give , fer tl » wife and children £ 15 19 s . Aterage annual income of the family £ 41 17 a - *? . Thirdly , Could such a family subsist on the aggregate earnings of the father , mother , and chiir dren , and if so , on what food ?" \ 899 pariBhes an&wexed this question ; of these 71 I simply answered No ; " 212 said " Yes , " simply ; 1125 said " Barely , or without meat ; " 4 » 1 said ' . « with meat . " '
We now add a digest of the foreign answers to le like questions , and also to the following : — " What can women and children , under sixteen , urn per week , in summer , in winter , and in harvest * ad how employed ! " '
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carried . The fact Is , Palmerston only prevailed npon bin colleagues , toAo know iehat a war uwttfd brino , to act with him by . assuring them France * mus » SUDMIT . ' Judge , then , ef their honor , if a demonstration here should cause France not to submit ! This ought to weigh with the Northern Star , which knows as well as any body that what pleases tho Whigs cannot b * for the Q ? o& of the people . " We shall analyse this very briefly . "The WUg » are mightily pleased withftis article . " Now , what is the monstrous doctrine contained in these few words I Why , Bimply this : —That you must never
say a word against either of the factions lestyou Bhould please the other . The Tories commit an act of gross injustice ; you complain ; " Ah ! " say a the ' Liberator , " you are wrong . This will please tkeWhiga . " On the other hand , the Whigs , aa is their custom violate law and justice ; you complain : "Ah ! wrong again , " says the Liberator , "this will mightily please the Tories . " So ttiat we are neither to abuse Toryism , lest we please the Whigs , ncr to censure Whiggery leBt we gratify the TorieB . This may be the beBt mode of guiding public opinion , in the opinion of our friend the Liberator ; our opinion tends to a different conclusion ' ; and we hope that our practice has hitherto exemplified it ; that we have , while contending with both factions , alternately
and united , kept ourselves from beicj ; defiled by either of them ; Bteering , we trust , as BWaight ' a course , between Scylla and Charybdis-betweea the rocks of Toryism and the shoals of Whiggeryany vessel that eversailed npon the ocean of politics We cannot agree with our friend the Liberator , in thinking the amendment of Johit Colmns ** unorftunate . " . Wetegard it as having addedx > ne more brilliant to his glorious and shining crown ¦• of martyrdom ; and , iri justice to that honest and uncomj ^ rott | ising patriot , ye cannot avoid stating , in connection with thia subject , the fact , which we know from indisputable authority , that he indignantly rejeeiflfd tfiSrending oflfer of naming his own terms asleade » . of the RusBV-ChartiBt assassins . ' that has
As ^> Mr . ATrwooi ^ we he taken any part in politics , for the advancement of Libgraliflm , since the lamented and immortal Bjeadmonx drew the fair line of demarcation between patriotism and egotism . The Liberator concludes thus : — " This ought to weigh with the Northern Star , which knows as well as anybody that what pleases the . Whips cannot be for the good of the people . " This ' we grant ; and enter into a treaty offensive and defensive with our
excellent coadjutor , undertaking to knock down two Whigs for every one Tory . he staggers . We generally hit right arid left , while our excellent friend is Bometimes only left-handed ; and ., no doubt , from tenderness of feeling , very often merely growls at a ferocious Tory , while he runs open-mouthed at a contemptible Whig ; and yet , perhaps , he is right : we allow him the privilege of selecting his game , while we fire slapbang into the middle of the covey , and then right and left at the skirters .
We thank the good men of Carliale for having pulled the first stone out of the building ; we will now answer for it ^ that the blistered hands will soatter the edifice to the winds . Once direct the nation ' s eye from the nation ' s cause , and then farewell liber ty , aad for ever . No stone will be left
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unturned to break op the present tMOoas and powerful movement ; and that once accomplished , who wi ll , who can , reconstruct the mighty engine Home , HOJia , HOME , Charier , Cuarto , CHARTER , and then down with all foreign tyranny when you have the tools to work with . But we caution the people against going to tsorft without their tool * . WeeanneieondodewithoBt BoUoiag the tone * of the follbwing resolutions , passed at a recent , meeting at Sunderland . The first was moved , by ld » . Lowebt , of Newcastle , seeoadedfcy M * . Bkkscot ; the seeond was moved by Mr . Dekoiw , and se ^ ondW by Mr . Pattisok ; and the thitd was m ' oye 4 by iji . Tatlojl and seconded by Mr . MoRAscat ^ •; ^
" That k is the opinion ? f ^ htotteetliig , that flu whole treaty of the 15 th Jtrf , ^ 84 » , * etw « en ltusia , Prussia , Anitrta ; atuf England , in its substatite and eonsee . u « BeM In it » vo'wwd means mi eorUlii feflteU , ia a treaty to forward Russian influence iad sggtanfl& » . inent That the >« feMloB of tb « Dardsiellai i ^ wl Gmcanu ,: wHl glv % tMssia ' a ' daagerbtts ^ miondenuns ) , over all the otto / states'of Bttrope . ' TnaVfte f 6 ellflis and ! mt «*« U « f the EHgUah people , ' are thfroj . p « rtteof thoee of Ho » sl » , 'and fi » t thrtrtrie poUcyUto prevent the extension of Rowian infltfence and external aggrandisement ; we therefote deny and ' reject tnto treaty as being » treatyv representing ' the ieeTtets ' and . interest * of the British natloni atti ^ re-of bptilon tta * Lord Pklroentoniff an l ^ ent of ^ ustna , has delved his colleagues , acted fraudentiy towar / to iPartiatneft * . and has laboured to injure and WtOSf Ufii native
" thai whJJsfc vhe House of Cornmoaa ,, by \ u ifforance , faction , cowardice ; and neglect , has proved U « K the tcjain iastrnment , under t ^ lEaitagfin ^ anV ' 0 w ^ uaSujpetteiiloreigninfluenpe , in , Injuringa ^ penl £ | nc the BrilS ^ en > jplro , this me ^ ag l &U , opM ^ J »; ftdoes no < represeni the feelbgs , and is without the « on ^ fldence of the ^^ naUon / , and pledges 1 ^ t « i d » : iUL ^ its power to effect a compUteand eat ^ e ^ omVot ^ at -,. J * ** - . ' ' ,- . ¦ .- ; . - , \ : ' . > Z' -- ' :, ^¦ . u ^ - ^ .- ' ^ r /' " That this moeUng eipreaai lt » , w » iiuit mil ettfii for the pwple of JFranee , and hoyptttat tta : b&m * t : amity wlU be drawn dos * betwesfcth ^ weadthe ^ - of England , they being the tnxry tw 0-a * ttoM * jba $ » 9 » r thepowaand thewiU toapport ^ ffpttw ^^ oflilbSill ^ aad odal progrepi ; , * nd to witbstaM-tts e * brfS / o | '¦*>*¦ potiim for the-dfistrue ^ ion of Mm fniiiilmi SaffTnVilisjil ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ 7
of mankind . " , . - . - -.: ;'' .. ir . ' , ' -- .- ~^ M ^^ There vraa also another resolation ^ catrjij& the effeci . ihat ^ . ¦ ho ^ J ^ M ^ ^ m f ^ - , the above f ^^ Um ^^ uf ^^ tt'M The wordrRg of theee reBolaiioai ^ ifr-tn ^ ttr ^ att suspicious and unsatiBfacJory . " ^ ha '' Gnalt ^ Ji ^ LT even mentioned—nor is the principle of Uifltttita . Sutfraqe . ' •¦ ' , - ¦ ¦ -. . - ;;> . ;; '"• ¦ ¦ .- ¦ ' ¦ ' '¦ O ! for WiLUAKS and BifliBr-the flowers of « s » Northern wreath ! Wfeo wonld dare to pnt wck resolutions to a meeting at'Sunderland if the shepherds were with the flock !! Such namfcy-panb j ^ work will ruin us . . " ; . ¦ -
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CHARTISM IN IRELAND ; " v Thanks to the patriotic efforts of the working men of England , who first buy the Jftrtkern Star for their own reading , and then send itto their poor brethren in Ireland , Chartism is beginning to liftup its head on the green ^ sod of old Erin . AnoV though the Irish "Establishment , " more corrupt and venal than even the Engfish , affects to overlook it , its movements are of no inconsiderable character . They are already acquiring strength and firmitudo sufficient to b « formidable to the enemy , and w ill soon make the leviathan of folly and apostaby at contemptible in Ireland as he already is uXBogland The Dublin TfbrW-tbe most honest » nd ^ dependent of all the Irish papers , thas speaks of Chartissr and its progress ;~ ¦ ,
" We have met with no sensible person who has seriously ventured to sneer at the Chartist * or deny that their demands are reasonable .: What do the ? millions requre who are banded together toobfcaltfth fine points contained . 1 n tne' dusrtar f Mfiwfr ' ttaTthe * should h » Te * jotee In electing those who are to mak » the | laws which they are expected to obey . Irihb , unfair , we should like to know f—nay , ¦ ponthe contrary , is It not perfectiy reasonaUe ? But , then the ~ Chartists are an uneducated clau , will be tte reply at those who are weU aware that property , not tatelli . gence , is the necessary test for obtaining th « Rnflfv . ^
Not so uneduca . ted either , « we are to jndge themlw- " the journals they patronise * and the speeches wniobare addressed to them - at U » i » publio meeW iD , 8 Sl « , " JtOL ^ ¥ ** » me , who approTe ? l 4 «>«») oe 6 « which the Chartists are seeking , that their , intemperance and viofenoe iuM ^ aone . iaerion « J ^ pjF . to tfae ^ Udloal caise . Wow ^ adBittT ting that the Ghartists have frequently committed tteafe errors , is it juat in those exalted pewonageB who pw ! fees similar opinions , but who have keptto the feck ground , to become , their afwuseni ? When did w * behold « ie Humes , Grota , Molesworths , ^ ^ ulwerT . Ukina th . «« ble of atteadli * U ^ nC « S / Sr
^ naearonriaf to , gtw * i « operiiiTwfcbntottia * prooeed iags ? Jfo ,-they sfesod back hand with folded aST ™ £% ? £ 2 ^ iZ ^? i } * iwTernave beencMs : tnlitoiliml iini . ^ dU r J . ^ f fr n ^ dOTotliia Lii their principles wb ^ lhTjrtmble 7 tt Tftey Wa ^ maX fejted . ^ arti « m ie , hbw » rer , uppi the Incceart ! while Whiggery and pnilbtephk BadicaUm ^ S dying by inches . At firi *\ WniaTan ^ allvS ! fork BadlcaU would hire Nlt ^ elieved S they despised the working classes , and e » ld ' S ^^> , 1 ?^^^ . ^ jr ^ : ^ . * » Ta - . afc ; ii 3
uoea compeuea w aeciare tnal ttiey weremirtakto . « A thai no great political change can be SeiwlttSS their co-operation . The first fruits of th& confeSoto Of inability to walk alone are discoverable in the 7 or-T ^ f 'T 0 "S " * ' namely , the teed . Reform AsaodaWon , in England , aud our ow > redoubtable Ufcter Aasociatfon . The Leeds Whigs , with m > mV ^ totentioned poUUdana of a more ultra complexion , tocfc toe field some wwks agg ^ to raUy UuT sjSerini Refomers . aud wheedle over , if poaslble , a secttonT i ^ SA ^ SS ^ ^ JSSSSt saassSB ?^ - - hSe t ^
This from Ireland is worth a Jew ' s eye ! Improves that tho people are stirring . Lei the same caus * which produced the movement be eontinued , and the effect shaU not only , continue ; but augment and magnify itself in potency and use beyond calculation . That cause is the sending of the Star ^ - iKo herald' of the people ' s rights and the proclaimer of thefar wronga-the speaking trumpet of the milliona . The fact of thousandsupon thousands of ihoNorthernStar being weekly sent to Ireland , has already produced trepidation in the oppressor ' g ranks j «» d" though the " Establishment" have been generally ^ stricSr bidden not to take ournamp into their polluted Upi the effects they dread are not less certainly pro ? duced . We are working our way into every cranny , hole , and corner of the land . Whereyer we go we mast be met ; and the " EstabBshment ?* ^ wa ?§ odj » find it impossible to adhere to theconHband ^ f tbeir
masters , to treat us eUently . We ' shall cause tfe vo » populi to receive attention * , 6 * we BhallciuM the drum of every wifully deaf ear to crack . ' ' WWAn .
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. «««« u » ore w uy mouniea on tlw Martello Towen along the coast , and at the GrandRedSbt atB ^ S manj Barn , as an inspection has been made ^ otSem for that porposeu--Z > owr ChrjKiklk , C : ^ T /? ^^ slave-holding farmer nearrWasbT « &i ^^ Btalibed A BY NO MBANS NoVEtV ChaBACTBH . —A DublisV paper thus commences a police reoort : — •« A » w * - « f
V « Zn 9 M % Zlf t 0 be a ^»^ W » , named # atrTc J ojle or Frawr , was brought before one of the divisional magistrates to-day , charged with havin ? thrown an . oystto from tho middle gaUery of ^ hf Hawkms-street Theatre at Miss ChaTmeraf durSi ; ^ . ^ ^ raan 060 f Tte Lottory Ticket last night . " ^ ¦ Ltuottn raper . - ¦ :- ^*^ _ Rotal Sanction of the TonTmus . —Tho idiot Kipg otho ^ anctions , it seeuiB , the appUeation of the torture inhia paltry dominions . He has amonc-hfe isnciiouanea wreicn
a named Tzinos , who has mahumber of wdU-e ^ ablishad cases infl oted thVmosT revoHmg barbarities on unfortHuate b ^^ hSd with Borne imaginary enmo . with , the intention ^? mducmgthem to confesa . The wrctch-9 wndnothai been brought under the notioe . of . OthT yet 5 S idiotic specmea of kingcraft declinedKSrft and has taken no steps ta redress th « ininwS complaincd ^ of . So far fVoni tbisVtb ? vSain ^ Z intimate friend of the Gre ^ k monawb ^ piiS with him much of the time that fle oug ^ t to to state butmess . Such is thn wi *« i » 5 d-U-f : ???
coun ^ ha ^ been mainlyin ^ runientel Sin ^ cttS took no pains , ho > fever , to perform this odvIoim duty ; wewok the chance of bestowing a fool atl & * JV * T the « 08 t Wbarou ^ lolE
Votttq.
VOttTQ .
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^ THK VISION . Ii waj a dan aad rawaaomiag : the raaJtad not ¦! i 5 S 2 »^ l ^ t wa « Bo Ulhl » ve the dim twi-Bght that precedes the dawn . JZtilX&i * !!*" ** Puln ™* l * tebed » SSfSS ^ riia ^ " *** ' '*»«»*¦•» «»• aW t « Md lhi and
i . ^ SJ * ? "O * 1 fro , and busied MWrwe ^ aToeattons : and they wereaU eq ^ al ; ^ iJg ^ Bwrning wu cold gloomy they a if ^ enffa 4 » eper •^ OTerspwad the fade of Two *; the earth snook ; and rolee , whose toond J «* % the gnatttngofoM ii the agonies of aier-™?« ^ ftlf ** ¥ ^ i ? "Jk&ft * ttato ^ man 1 % nign ot tyranny hath commenced . Andatol of indescribable honor * aa throngh W « h * arti trhtsi they heard fcaeaaieh and aepulohral Uses of that Toioe : and they-oeaeedfxom their isJbonrs , and stood tremlling wiil ^ pfeipecta ««» $ " * * U « J « wer * tarned ttrwirds one of the v ^ 'fe'S ^ - 866 " 1 * 1 *^ 43 * 16 * » oreae » iriaTiirtn aad heUht Ml lU top reached onto the oCds . ^ Ai . lookinginto the tent , I beheHa throne ; and ypfm tae throne sate one of a stern and flewa asDoct
nttbww wreathed with laurel , in hb rfcht hand a at ^ sw « ra , aadinhisleftanev « ctbalano& - _ And he weighed out justice to the people who » eked erouehing around the teat : he dealt impar-Biuyi yet they bated him ; forhe forced them to bow dawaaad worship at hw footstool , and Uieir wonhip waa the worship of fear . .... - ¦ A dartfroa aniuneeen hand pierced his bwast , and he fell from the throne , r ^» e in 1 ik place aroee ode membling him in features , yet more gtem aad terrible , for his connte ^ oe . bore the expression of a demon : instead of S * 1 WW he wore an iron crown ; his Bword wa . Woody , and he spurned far from Mm the eqnal baauNK - - . . ¦' ¦ <> , li ^ a A ^!^ of tbe F ^ pK *** <* Mg » d to hate , ^ Wttey ' steote to overturn the throne whereon he TJ *?* $ » 4- *«« llW «»•» to seorn . \ ABd _ wh » n they w « e exhausted with their fnut ^
wlhy ¦ rt iffTfnn ¦ jfifiah Tjii anAASj / VraQdinfl * ew « tftte bjow a 7 ^ & e » e 3 eW ti ^ mnd . Aad he tnadTniin a yoke of ir ^ aSjT ^ d ittf Boll " ^ pjwefcsf and forged stronr andnes > vy chains , and zrretted them npon "their arms a £ d ~ iegs : and thepeopletewed titemeeWes &i aletw ^ for hope had fonaken their bosoms , and reaistaoce Beemed vain . He vanished : the throne had another occupier . The pony veiee rf-an infant gave its command to nulUon 8 : so great fear had fallen upon men , ^ that they obeyed implicitly the caprices of one whoss sceptre was a . pap-sjtoon , and whoso Bword a playttnwfoflath , 4
Thetarrow of death again was launehedr and npon the throne sate a man of craft aud guile : and he said within himself , men ' s chains indeed are sfrong ; bnt Jime and repeated struggles will wear and weaken . them , and they cannot always be re . newed . I oust blind their eyes , and my reign shall be for ever . So he tailed unto him the Sage ; the priest came also tflnhis assistance ? and at his word they bound theeTes of the Natioae , * nd . his power was eBUbhshed ; and when ie died the people mourned Jor him ' as for a fittner . "
And after htm I beheld Hpon fte throne one in Whose tacethere ^ was a * expression save the wild fire 6 f insanity , thai Bashed from his vacant eyes , as the Irghtninir glareth in ttie hollow midnight : his meath-gaped open ; and Mb spittle ran down upon hubeaxd , . -: And to Wind and iafataated were the aoas of men , tfcattneyybeat the knee and worshipped him , and obeyed ha detrees , extolling his idiot ravings as the * ord *© fa . eed . . . » « - t Away ' —Shadow after shadow pasHd rapidly before me : the tyrant , the fool , ana the' tn » 4 m * n , sate alternately upon thB throneand received the
, homage of men . Of men * B «* a « the day advanced , tbe rays of the Bun shed their warmth upon the hearts of the people , engendering feelings within them which before they knew not . . , And they saw- aad felt that they were slaves -. and they ^ struggled violently to rid themselves of their fetters : "Bat fl » e eyes of the throned were dasaled by that holy Bght : and they perceived not that tbe people had freed their right hand , aad torn the bandage from their eye * . —Char list Circular .
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America . Artisans per-day . AgrieOtmHstt . Other Labourers . Wemen . GhUirem . Wife mid four Children . Subsistence . Massachusetts Fintrate , 8 toSdol- Per day In harvest , 1 to ii fc » year , 25 etoS 00 At factories , per .. There are verr few Un ( f ) : othm . 1 * . dollar . ; per month , witfi doUan- £ o 8 6 s week , 2 * to 6 XdonotSraeat dollars ,. 6 s . 9 d . j board and lojjglng , 14 to v to £ S 7 10 s . dollars , " JSS ^ J Tfi ' over » eers , peryear , li dollars during Sum- - tirtca o * tw 1 , 500 to 3 , 500 dol- m « t and Autumn ( during thn ^ A ^ l- ' lars . sMcmontta »> meallthe . times a day . yew ;; o « b « M , dBring the other ¦ ix . mopths aotol 2 ... dollars a months . New York Dollar and ^ aAalf- Pe * noa «^ l 10 B . t 6 £ 2 5 s 3 s . M " .., per '" day— Per day . Is . ed . to BwIyenfnadiiKd rhe children quit A family ratted eonld t ittA ^ £% l £ * *¦ * " SiyS KJUTw . times . vert , 4 s . Od . with board . oelves . The wife ningsT ^ have tea , . may earn la . 6 d . coflee , and meat to 9 a . ed . p « i twiceaday . Mexieo ^ v ^^ LTJSL ' ^ ^ * 4 P « day- „ Enough for their Enough for their ........ ' . Most certainly the tixeagricmtniists . ropport . support . common food in ; . : maise or Indian CM J ^?^ S ll 1 > e - - " ^ .. mo ... ^ .. ^ hr ^^ fcown , *« . ; As servants , about Under sixteen , as Peryear about £ 50 Tery comfortably — Columbia ,- ..-.. ¦ im - . 1 * M ne-thlrd of a semaU , about ( sappoaed to in- etdefiy 0 ^ X 3 ! 7 *; . - ^ ^* vi ^ ^ rear »>*» *» wage * oao-thtrd of a dude a man ' s food . ¦ "I 1 ¦ ¦ v" * ¦ 5 frittt . ¦ ' man ' s wages . wages >)> - ¦ —•• * ¦ -. Yenezoela ... » ,.. . „ ,.., ,....,.... P « day , la ^ , « wW | asttalj ..., « .... ^ 4 ^ it 1 jd . to Is . M . Under S sixteen L Is . £ 15 per year ....... Cot easily subsist *— ..... p « * u ....... u «^^ M -v : ... ^ . u ,,,,. £ JZ * . ! £ 2 . ^ .......... ^ ******* - .. —fe . ;^ . -. '¦ ' - \ yJTTtX&i 2 S = S ^ 5 v" . ¦ - - ¦ - , ; .. r . , .. . . . " ¦ -few ,-and easily ©* - » " " ¦ ** vJLZvk' ^ sV' ^^^ S ^ B ^ EHB ^ BV ^ B ^ BB ^ LT ^ HHOB ^ fta ¦*' - * * . ' A 1 _ 9 L - ^ St Uy ^ i" ^ JK ^^^^ j ^^ i ^^ S'i ""* " i" - " - ' —• ¦ S ^ Js * ^ - . ••»« .., » . m . - ^^ -j—«« —it— - . .- -- - - ' < . j H & >\' ~ -- ~ ~! * + , ~ ¦ ., " ¦¦ ¦ ¦ orennothing . ¦ . - ¦ , ¦ ¦ . .. .. — **»•¦*' ' - — Heitsm «^ fJa * es , 9 d © l ...... ...... ^ r .... As . « rVaata , from ^ ZiasasKti ; .: *« . > itiK 5 » .... 4 , irt . v .... i A-U » fly « ay wbri « i ~ ^ . — ~ ^_^ . _ . . ^ a ^ fc ™ ^ - -r- -.... . . ... _ ; . . "Zj ** ° * P « ^ on the taboar if ^ . ' .: , ' ¦;¦ . < .. ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ " : ¦ : ' : "~~ : — •^¦¦ wp ^ . ^ . W . « ., ,- .... ^ . ,. ^ the man alone , and : .... -. ' . ' neat thre « times a HiyU Per ^ day , from 2 s . ed . Per day . Td-.. ^ ...... - . ^ .,..., „ ....... ..... .. OatSdly siht I An Amerisan dollar is 4 s . fld . ' ' ~ " : ~~^ ; ; — - — ; . ; u ^ r — _ The digest of English labour will follow thia . W ^
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Polish Nobles . —Were you to see a polish gentlemau travelling , and in his mansion , you would not believe that it ia the same person . At home , he lives upon salted meat , cabbage , and pasta balls ; he drinks nothing bnt wretched beer , and skill more detestable brand y . Whence travels , Jt is in his caniage , drawn by four or six horses , eteorted by a party of mowtacbed lackeys ,, beptastexed w ^ h lace , i ^^ ott ^ ii ^^^ ^^^^^ aad God knows at what fatffitistthsTftaiMnitr jot no * 6 ma * mm- U W > e wwta-wUM-y gptUkj » oble renoance his journey to Warsaw , at a-certain time of the year , and still lees tbe entertainment which he annually gives there : because his aneeston did so , ike iso * do bo . —Napier ' s Military Life .
A Russia * Chacb . —The earliest dawn showed as the mountains , only some forty miles ahead . The joy-occasioned by this discovery was brief , for soon after , the mate , on going aloft , declared he saw a sail to windward ; and while we were inspecting it more narrowly through our glasses , another was descried , both vessels running along the coast before the wind from the northwara . Allwere now roused to action—four more , in all eight , oars were manned , and studding sails set . As we beared the land , the -vessels neared us , our courses forming then an acute angle , and they were then ascertained to be two Russian men-of-war . The nearest one appeared to be a three-masted cutter , of six guns ; and the other , much larger vessel , a gun-brig . ¦ . When the smaller one came within five or six . miles of us , Khader cut
adrift the boat , which , during the vojage , bad been towed astern . We soon raw a boat with a sail put off from- the cutter , to capture the persona whom they concluded were endeavouring to escape . This had tbe effect of making our enemy so many hands leES efficient . At thk crkia , I strongly urgdd throwing overboard everything that was not of immediate nse , and staving our only remaining water-cask . The Turks , however , had no notion of sacrificing any part of their property ; so the only articles they heaved overboard were the gun carriage ( the rusty little two-pounder was below and could not be got at ) aaimy Circassian flag . The cutter commenced firing '' the moment they believed us to be within Tange . The ¦ first shots fell short , and only served to
stimulate the exertions of the rowers . My experience of Russian . jaeamartRhip led me to anticipate chances of escape . I was not disappointed . Twice before the cutter neared us , way was lost by the necessity of altering her course , owing to' her commander having endeavoured to run in upon us , instead of heading and getting between us aad the part of the coast we were runBing for . Four or five rimes , while running , alongside and nearly en our quarter , with her « hot passing far bchond us , did she lose way by altering her course , either for the purpose of closing in with us or of bringing her broadside to bear ^ tbe guns at the bow being apparently ( from their report ) of smaller dimensions . The Turks were now in despair , and talked of
striking the sails in token of submission . The mildlookisg Turk with the Koran , when urged to join in rowing , replied , that he had no strength left in him . Bnt the Circassians were in a mood to avail them-Belves of the lubberliness of their pursuers . -JKhimti , the broad-grinning old gentleman , from the Hugh * bonrhood of Anapa , drew Jhis . dagger npoaKbader the moment he talked of surrender . Jsthael , the devont Mollahjhad , this day fc ^ re , When the first * * essel was seen , proposed lhat we ' shfhldJoad our firearms ( setting at the same time the ' example ) add die fighting rather than be taken . This resolution was now adopted . All the Circassians placed their daggers in their belts to keep the Bailors to their duty . This demonstration obliged two yonng Turks , who
were crying , to hoist again the sails they bad lowered in despair ; and in their trembling hurry , they gave one ot them ( a studding-sail ) a twist , which , for want of time to remedy , it was allowed to retain during our run . The dilatoriness of tho Russians in firing was as remarkable as their slovenly style of manoeuvring ; yet Eome of their shots were well enough aimed . I heard one pass between our masts , and another through one of the sails forward , and several siruck the water very near us . At l eD ^ jb we got so near the coast , that we conld see the 2 S ^ tives rushing down the hills and streaming along the beach from both sides , towards the point for which we wete making . On seeing this , our Circassians , who had been singing together their beautiful rowing chant , ' Arira-ra-ra / set up a scream of piercing
shrillness ; to which their countrymen on store sent back an equally piercing reply . In a short time , a boat , literally crammed with men , was alongside of nr . We wished them to come on board , and aid crar rowing ; bnt they preferred rowing in a halfcircle round us , as if to show the cutter we were under their protection . The Russians seemed to think that this reiuforcement of twenty-four or twenty-five meu was not to be trifled with ; for the cutter was immediately laid to ; while its crew vented their disappointment in some random shots , which splashed here and there about ns . The gunbrig had by this time arrived in the offing , where she also brought to , and sent us an occasional ball ; which was treated by those of our side with much indifference , the shoreward view having by this time become much more interesting .
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• ^ f'wigBS ^ --Lettt »< Jp 4 aMjd <^ irtierw ¦ ' To set tywmsuttBa intrlnfaee ; lJs u » rt « tci h * d ' dpo «» a hfrfrv ^ c ^ mA ^^ " ^^' - . ;* ,- > -:-: —; -:-: FaugaiOTjeaaor , O . » Be « ft tbt people * JJarery * ee , Aad •¦— dr twpnTTwfl they'd be free , Be wad natefte 2 0 , no not he , - * : '• ~ PeargusOrCaanor , Or RMsoblMieaT ^ tae people ' s pride , Fesrgus O'Connor , O i Bis iw * he east into tibedhad * , "¦ . ******* GX > BBBrt Qi Tksy oflered bin their £ » vonn fine , If hVd the peopled caaaerttngn ; Ah J then ttte people wonld replme , . Feargus O'Connor , O ! Beia&er enosein JaiLto He , - ^ JPearfns OtJcsmor , Ol "Tbaa share the spoH"wmi rogaes sp by """"* . " . nf Fe « ga » O"Casn « , O ! - - He vow « l ti » peoj 3 * J ^ d defend , . \ l- Aad ^ tedSieir . save unto the end ; Jtay jeiae and tomftgi aye attend "" . t . - V , jJ > . 'FeargiiB . 0 Connor 0 !! . \ "' » * '* " Thomas Haig , Kinross .
Rhe Northern Star. Saturday, November 7, 1840. *¦¦-- — Irrrii T» ¦Hhhi -I Mrin Inn I ¦ Hi ¦ ¦¦ Mmmn
rHE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 7 , 1840 . *¦¦ -- — irrrii t » ¦ hhhi -i mrin inn i ¦ hi ¦ ¦¦ mmmn
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to THE NORTHERN STAR . W
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 7, 1840, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/king-y1kbzq92ze2709/page/3/
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