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A POUB-BOOMBD COTTAGE '- ¦ I '"* * .- ^ * i « .
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^ THE MEMBERS THE CHARTIST
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VOL. X. -NO./455. LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGU...
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LOSS OF THE EMIGRANT SHIP MANDARIN AND THE SIR WALTER SOOTT.
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FIFTEEN PERSONS FROZEN TO DEATH. Informa...
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Suddejj Death at tub Euston-squaue Station.
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—upon tne arrival on Tuesday afternoon o...
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¦ HOUSE OF L0RDS: t .Friday ,Juw24. The ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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A Poub-Boombd Cottage '- ¦ I '"* * .- ^ * I « .
A POUB-BOOMBD COTTAGE ' - ¦ I ' " * * .- ^ * i « .
^ The Members The Chartist
^ THE MEMBERS THE CHARTIST
CO-OPERATIVE LAND ASSOCIATION . . Hy Vbry Dear Fhiends , ^ j am now entitled to the honourable name of y jiQUBER . I am living in a four-roomed house , ] slept here on Saturday night and never felt more jappj in all my life . The chimnies , not an unimportant consideration , draw beautifully , and every jjjjutr bespeaks a cheering comfort and independence . I will n ° w teD y ° precisely how I feel , and how I am convinced every occupant of an allotment will led . I feel that , once ia possession of this cottage « nd the land belonging to it , that I would risk mv
5 fe , and that to a great extent , rather than surrender it . I feel convinced of every man ' s ability to live and support his family comfortably , and to purchase it out of his savings for ever in less than five years . I feel assured that nothing hut wilful idleness , dissipation , or neglect , can ever drive an occupant from his holding , and I feel convinced that the man who disinherits himself from any of these causes will carry upon him into society a more disgrace . nl brand than that stamped upon the criminal after he has suffered an ignominious punishment for the violation of laws which nature forbade him to ebey .
1 have told you a thousand times that every difficulty against which labour had to contend was the monopoly of the laud by the usurping class and the consequent political privileges that followed its ownership . The question of the improved value of the land by the increasing population has never yet been discussed ; that is , your side of the question has never yet been fairly argued . The Times newspaper , In a recent article , endeavouring to show the
improved condition of Ireland , instances the increased value of land in that country , wholly for- ' getting that 15 , 000 , 000 acres of lanft would be more valuable to 8 , 000 , 000 , the present population of Ireland , than to less than four millions , the population at the time of the union . The improved value of land brought about by the increase of population is an absolute hardship upon the newcomers , and proves more forcibly than the most eloquent argument , the injustice of land monopoly .
The increased price of the land by no means argues its improved value arising from a better system of culture , but it does prove that the monopolizers of the soil have an unfair and an unjust advantage from the increase of population , and the consequently increasing necessities of that increased population . If , for instance , the land of England with its present population is worth an ascertainable averaged value—if that population was increased to-morrow to more than double its present amoun t ,
the land of England , as if by magic , and without any' _ act of its owners , would he worth more than treble its present value , so that the value of land increases in a far greater ratio than population . Now is it j too much to implore of you to keep those simple statements always before you . Believe me , myj Mends , that they are the very essence aid founda-1 tion of that knowledge which you must possess ; before yon can achieve either physical comfort , in- j tellectual improvement , or political rights . j
¦ When the landlords monoplised the land , the land by degrees became the repository for all political power . The landlords have not yet lost that power —not a particle o f it . Skirmishes may take place , in which they may be worsted , but those who dream of holding political power permanently , without enfranchising that population which g ives additiona Talne to the land , instead of the land itself , will find -themselves very much mistaken . I will now prove t » you , by the simplest course of reasoning , that there never was a more enormous or palpable piece of injustice committed , than that of enfranchising
land , and disfranchising , or rather leaving unenfranchised , those who g : vethe franchised value to the land . Now , suppose a huge tract of a county subdivided into farms , now worth , or let for , ' £ 30 or £ 10 a year at wilL These tenements would not confer a vote upon the occupants , while , if raised to the value of . £ 50 each , they would be enfranchised , while the population which conferred the increased value would he unenfranchised . Thus I prove to demonstration the fact , that the thing , LABOUR , which confers the value to the land is unenfranchised , while the land that receives its value horn increased population is enfranchised .
These are the means , the unjust means , by which the owners of land have been enabled to usurp political power ; and the only means by which we can destroy the injustice is , by one or other , or both , of the following plans . "We must break up every government that bases its pretensions to office upon the mere pledge of liberalism , and compel them to have recourse to a different standard of franchise as
the means of preserving their party ascendancy . Or else we must so prove the value of the land , and so attach the labour-mind of the country to its possession , as the means of giving the only real value to industry ; and thereby create such a unanimous , universal demand for the restoration of the land to its legitimate purposes—namely , to the exigencies of an increasing population ; as neither government , class , party , or faction , can prudentl y or safely resist .
Now , as far as I am concerned , I am realising true notions of a country ' s wealth , and the people ' s independence . THERE IS NOTHING THAT THE LAND WILLNOTDO ^ n the way of supportand comfort . I am only now beginning myself to understand the fall value and all the blessings of the institution . 1 now assert this , that if the 35 allotments carved out of the estate were offered by tender to-morrow , that the four acre allotments , without fhe / EJO , would fetch £ 20 a year ; the three acre allotments woidd fetch £ 16 a year ; and the two acre allotments would fetch . £ 12 a year , without the capital to be given with any , and they would all let to good and solvent tenants , who would pay a premium in 48 hours . See then the advantages that CO-OPERATION offers .
1 shall now confer familiarly with you upon those every day and every thing matters , that I wish to make the subject of your fire-side conversation , when tyranny allows yon a moment ' s repose from slavery . Firstly—Then , hy my corrected balance " sheet you will learn that the society is £ 500 richer than I thought on Thursday last , and Secondly—It is a . £ l , 000 richerthan you had imag ined on Saturday last .
I have corrected the one error . I will now put you in possession of the other fact . "We paid nearly - ^ 500 for the timber , crops , dung , and fixtures upon the estate . "We paid £ 181 for the crops , and I have already sold hay , tares and wheat to the amount of £ 238 . 15 s ; we have saved about £ 15 worth of hay . I expect £ 17 10 s . for the oats , that will make £ 271 . 5 s . for the crops , or a profit of £ 90 as . I have sold 110 stacks of roots for £ 16 10 s . I have sold over 5 , 000 faggots , at £ 4 a thousand . I expect ire have 10 , 000 more .
I am selling all the old useless timbers of the house and outbuildings for firewood , or such purposes assuit the nei ghbours , so that I expect to realise much more than all the labour in clearing and laying out the estate , out of ivhat others would have allowed to go to waste , and as we have paid for the timber and crops , all that money will come back besides what I am able to make of the things to be sold . Up to this time , Rebecca , the Chartist Cow , has made about £ 8 in less than ei ght weeks , so that she now stands you in only eight pounds . Not a tile nor a lath is allowed to go to waste .
I have engaged ten carts and horses and forty labourers to work from five o ' clock in the morning till eig ht ia the evening , during the week after next , hi order to be prepared for the exhibition . By that time all the houses will be up , and , as if Providence "was aiding in our undertaking , wc have discovered
^ The Members The Chartist
that , after the thirteen four acre allotments , the five three acre allotments , and the seventeen two acre allotments , that we have yet remaining two acres and something more , upon which we propose erecting a school , with half an" acre for play ground andanacre-and-halffora model farm and garden , to he cultivated by the children , and I undertake to pledge myself , that it will be the neatest and most productive part of the estate . If anybody had seen this farm two months ago , and had been told of the state that it would be brought to by this time , thev would have laughed ; and all laugh now , when
I point out the improved state in which it will be on the 17 th August : all I say is , THAT I WILL DO IT . and it is now coming near the time that prop hets dread—THE HOUR OF FULFILMENTbut I will renew my prediction , that I will exhibit such a sig ht upon that day as England or the world never saw before . Before I conclude I beg to remind the growlers that when this estate is completed my next undertaking shall he for 100 cottages , and I can manage them as easily as thirty-five , and , now that my hand is in , I can complete them in half the time . I wish all to hear in mind that the first
attempt at an undertaking of this kind is very hazardous , while I am proud to say , that not one single unpleasantness has happened from the commencement , nothing has gone to waste , and nothing has been done that I would recall ; and so harmoniously has all gone on , that bricklayers , carpenters , and labourers are preparing to emigrate with me to the next location which fully proves that Englishmen can find a home where they are justly dealt with .
Now , one word for the Demonstration . This estate belongs to the occupants , and they are justly entitled to the benefit of exhibiting their property to the public . If damage is done , the repairs will be made out of increased rent upon them . Certainly it will he trifling , as from our arrangements I don ' t anticipate a particle of damage ; but I had fondly hoped , and hope still , to realise a large amount of starring money out of the profits . I hoped to present each with a purse containing his own share , and I hope ( o do the same with every location . An active and laborious committee of London working
men have cordially co-operated with us to aid in carrying out this object , and I now learn that other parties have started associations for the purpose of rivalling or competing with us in bringing down visitors . Now there is hut one way of meeting this rank injustice — THIS PLUNDER OF THE OCCUPANTS—and that mode we have adoptedit is , that we will have our own police at every entrance to the estate , and that all who have not the committee ' s tickets from London , or rather all who come hy the opposition vans , must pay one shilling entrance , while those who come under the committee ' s arrangements will come free of all other charges . This is a rule which shall be strictly
adhered to , and one which we call upon all honest Chartists to assist us in carrying out . In the evening every house will be illuminated—minute guns will 03 fired from each end of the estate—there will be a profusion of fire-works — a splendid dancing booth got up by the tradespeople and labourers at Herringsgate — booths for refreshment and amusements—and upon the first act of drunkenness or disorder every tent will be struck , and the Estate will be cleared . A cricket match will take place . There will be a short public meeting—flags upon seventy feet poles will wave over the hiRs . This shaR be one happy day in England , and I am determined that more than one county shaR understand what I mean hy
LABOUR'S FAIR—FREE-MEN'S HOUSES , and WORKING MEN'S SPORTS ; and I feel assured that no working man will mar the day's rejoicing by drunkenness or bad conduct ; for , as ( sure as I am alive , if one tent-ke per passes the hounds of prop riety , I will stave every cask in his booth and knock it down about his head . There will be trusty care-takers placed in evenhouse , after they are exhibited and during the illuminations ; and it is earnestly requested that no person will damage the property of working men .
The artist was here yesterday ( Tuesday ) , preparing his sketch for the engraving which will be given in the Star of the 22 nd , and then those who have seen the estate will be able to judge of its merits . I cannot engage myself anywhere after Wednesday night next , for I hope that the labours of the Convention will be concluded by that time , and that 1 shall be able to have my working jacket on again on Thursday morning next . 1 am . Your faithful friend and bailiff , Feargus O'Connor .
P . S . —I have lost so much money and labour by former publications , that I will not undertake the arduous labour of compiling my Nottingham speech until I can ascertain from the orders the exact amount THAT I AM LIKELY TO LOSE .
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Vol. X. -No./455. London, Saturday, Augu...
VOL . X . -NO . / 455 . LONDON , SATURDAY , AUGUST \ 1846 . r ~ ~~~ >^^ " ¦ ' ¦ F're . Shillings nnd SUxmbupc nwr Qnnvter
Loss Of The Emigrant Ship Mandarin And The Sir Walter Soott.
LOSS OF THE EMIGRANT SHIP MANDARIN AND THE SIR WALTER SOOTT .
Fifteen Persons Frozen To Death. Informa...
FIFTEEN PERSONS FROZEN TO DEATH . Information announcing the total loss of the above vessels , and the malancholy fate of the crew of the Sir Walter Scott .-by being frozen to death , has been received at Lloyd's . The particulars are of the most painful description . The Mandarin -was a vessel , barque rigged , of a superior class , and 500 tons burden , commanded by Captain John Cleland . She helongedto Glasgow , and sailed from Calcutta in the latter part of February last , with 216 emigrants , for Jamaica , on hoard . Having landed them at that port , she shipped a cargo of sugar , rum , saltpetre , and other articles . She sailed for Liverpool on the morning of the 2 ith of April , and unhappily struck
on a sunken rock , known as the Alligator Rock , at Key West . Every effort was made by the master and crew to get the ship eff , but in consequence of the heavy sen it was impossible to accomplish it , and in a few hours she was full of water . Fortunately all on board were saved by the boats , and landed at Key West . The following day she fell over on the rock and became a total wreck . It is a providential circumstance that the emigrants had disembarked ; had they been on board when the disaster took place , a serious loss of life would have probablv been the result . The loss will prove very heavy , and insurances to the amount of £ 20 , 000 are reported to have been effected on the vessel and cargo .
The circumstances attending the loss of the Sir Waiter Seott , Captain Eyas , master , are of a most lamentable character . It appears that for several months fears were entertained that she had been lost , no tidings having reached her owners since last September . Letters , however , have recently come to hand , stating the vessel to have been totally wrecked on the coast of Labrador , a month after she had left Quebec for Limerick . According to the accounts forwarded , she was driven aground during a snow storm , and the sea and ice breaking over her , the crew and captain lashed themselves in the rigging , in the hope tbat their dreadful position would be seen , and assistance rendered them . In that perilous
situation they remained for two days , and perceivin . tr no chance of huins rescued , they contrived to construct a raft , and by that means succeeded in gaining the land . Here their condition was alm ? st if not equally as bad . They wandered about for miles without meeting with any of the residents , or anything in the shape r-f relief , lor live days . When difcovered , what with the intense colli and the want oi sustenance , they were reduced to the greatestexhaustion . The « revr consisted of eighteen , fifteen if whom perished from the intense suffering they had f-ndured , including the master . Thev were most Vi ' n * iilf frost hlttm - Sfle belonged to the port ol Lull , the mate , and two of the seamen are the survives .
Fifteen Persons Frozen To Death. Informa...
MANCHESTER . People ' s Institute , Monday Morning . BALLOT FOR LOCATION ON THE PEOPLE'S SECOND ESTATE . At an early hour this morning , the nei ghbourhood of this splendid budding , the property of the Manchester Chartists , assumed a bustling . appearance ; delegates and persons interested were continually arriving from the adjacent towns , and at the hour appointed the Institute presented a goodly show of the sons and daughters of toil , who are looking to the Chartist Co-operative Land Societ y as a means of rescuing them from manufacturing bondage . At eleven o ' clock Mr . Donovan was called to the chair
, and addressed the meeting with great effect in that quiet humorous style which renders him such a universal popular favorite . Mr . M'Grath explained to the meeting the relative proportion of the prizes in the 130 acres ballotted for , falling respectively to the two , three , and four acre allotinents , viz . 892 two-acre shares giving eighteen prizes ; ' 259 three-acre shares giving five prizes , and 970 four-acre shares giving twenty prizes . The committee having made the necessary arrangements , and Messrs . Mitchell , of Rochdale , and Bennett , of Stockport . having been appointed to draw the tickets from the ballot boxes , the drawing commenced , of which the following is the result : — ¦¦' ¦ ' ¦
Two-Acre Prizes . No . of Certificate . 1 H . William Bernard Northampton 2 George WorraU Dudley 19 ) 8 3 Henry Tanner Greenwich 2757 4 . George Coupe Keighley 2816 5 Franklin Bristol 1188 6 William Piggs Lambeth 2537 7 Edward Gray Leicester 2986 8 James Baker Devizes 1270
9 James Goodward Calais 625 10 David Webster Salford 2153 11 A . William Howe Sunderland 2657 12 Robert Butterworth Rochdale 157 13 JohnLinney Carrington 2877 14 Henry Lee Exeter 743 15 Samuel Atherlon Wi g an 28 t 0 16 Robert Massey South Shields 2417 17 John Holmes , Idle , Yorkshire 1132 18 Charles Payne London 1719
19 Anis Williams Rouen 20 Richard Town Manchester 21 Benjamin Savage Lambeth 22 William Oddy Bradford 23 Mary Allen Nottingham 24 Robert Brierly Manchester 25 Robert Ruston Colne 26 William Tovey Rouen 27 John Stott Bradford 28 Benjamin Glossop Sheffield 29 John Bryan Selby 30 Joseph Parkin Ashton ^^^ VV ^ N rf ^^^^^^^ i ^ jMVVS ^ S ^ , ***
Three Acres . 1 James South Blackkbum 2 Cornelius Ashton Manchester 2869 297 3 John Dennis New Radford 2941 320 4 Alexander Robertson Aberdeen 593 173 5 James Driver Northampton
6 James Young . Manchester 7 James Davis Salford 8 Sheriff Wyatt Leicester 9 William Jennings Bilstou 10 Arthur Shaw Nottingham
Four Acres . 1 Wm . Young Sonter Westminster 305 306 2 Saville Crowther Mottram 527 528 3 Thomas Raw-son Manchester 405 601 4 Edmund Kershaw Rochdale 551 2588 5 William Choriesworth Staleybridge 460 461 6 James Bearman Booking 283 1610 7 William Addison Manchester 1447 1448 8 Thomas Richardson Lambeth 518 519 9 Henry Porter London 1896 1897
10 George Webb Reading 1968 1969 11 Thomas Acklam Barnsley 560 1639 12 James HeUiwell Hebdenbridge 2954 2955 13 James Wharton Lambeth 375 2103 14 Christopher Doyle O'Connorville 3081 3082 15 Isaac Weir Manchester 1022 1023 16 JohnRenham Westminster 1262 1263 17 James Ferguson Burnley 112 2128 18 William Rogerson Somers ' -town 19 John Lee Manchester 2066 2067 20 George Redfem London 1283 1284
21 John Hartley Hebdenbridge 22 William Darnley Stockport 23 Richard Robinson Clitheroe 24 George Smith Halifax 25 William Johnston Hindley 26 Thomas Wm . Dale Macclesfield 27 John Cloud Monmouth 28 George Forster Manchester 29 William Sadler Manchester 30 James Stott Bradford
The Ballot for the second Location having concluded , a second ballot was taken for situation of allotment in the O'Connorville Estate , the houses in the location are numbered respectively , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , & c , and the winners will occupy the same numbers as they have drawn in the ballot , the result is as follows : — Two Acres . 1 John Westmoreland London 2 John Lambourne Reading 3 Michael Fitzsimon Manchester i William Mann Northampton
5 Philip Ford Wootten-under-Edge 6 Charles Smith Halifax 7 George Mansfield Bradford ( Wilts ) 8 Richard Eveson Stockport 9 Charles Brown Brown 10 John Wallwark Ashton 11 John Neil Heywood 12 William House Pershore 13 Henry Smith Keighley 14 George Ramsbottom Ashton [ London . ] 15 William Mitchell Whittington and Cat 16 John Firth Bradford 17 Ralph Kerfoot Rouen
Three Acres . 1 James Short Bilston 2 William Oddy Bradford 3 George Richardson Westminster 4 Benjamin Knott Halifax 5 Isaac Jowett Bradford Four Acres . 1 Thomas Meyrick Worcester 2 Joseph Mills Ashton 3 David Watson Edinburgh 4 Martin Griffiths Worcester
5 James Cole Bradford 6 Barbara Yaughan Sunderland 7 Alfred Hague CrowtherAshton 8 Thomas Smith Wigan 9 James Greenwood Hebden Brid ge 10 Thomas Smith Grecnford ( near London ) 11 Thomas Bond Devizes 12 James Taylor Manchester 13 Joseph Openshaw Manchester Feahous O'Connor Thomas Clark CliniSTOPJlKB DoiXE Philip M'Gkatii Thomas Martin Wheeler Secretary ,
Suddejj Death At Tub Euston-Squaue Station.
Suddejj Death at tub Euston-squaue Station .
—Upon Tne Arrival On Tuesday Afternoon O...
—upon tne arrival on Tuesday afternoon of the -so min « . past 8 r . M . train at the Euston-squnrc terminus of the London and Birmingham Railway , a gentleman , one of the passengers , was observed to be exceedingly ill . This being intimated to Mr . Brooks , the chief clerk , he had the gentleman immediately conveyed into the office , and sent for a medical man , but before the arrival of the surgeon he had breathed his last . The body wai conveyed to the George Tavern adjacent , there to await a coroner ' s inquest .
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¦ House Of L0rds: T .Friday ,Juw24. The ...
¦ HOUSE OF L 0 RDS : . Friday , Juw 24 . The Sfc < Asaph , Bangor and Manchester Dioceses B » l hatypassed ; the Marquis of Lansdowne having announced'that he "had' no command from her 'Majesty ^ Bftp-its ' progresal . ' ' v ' " " " The Coalwhippera ' Biirwas read a third time and passbd ., ;" ., ; .. " . ; . ,.. ; ; ,:- . ' . „ ' C / .. .- " '¦' ' , . ' . ' , " - Tlieirlordaljips adjournedto Monday . HOUSE / OF COMi ^ NSl ^ FmiJA T / July 24 . *
' v . SUGAR DUTIES . Lord Georob Hestisvb postponed to Monday hh resolution respecting the hew sugar duties , which he will then move as an amendment to Lord J . Russell's motion . - . ! . ; / ! - ; ,.-:. - ;;; . ; , - The : hoilS 9 having gone into committee on the Sugar Duties ! Continuance Bill . v - V On the motion'that the ' blank in clause 1 be filled up with the words "September text , " . LordG . Bentinck moved , as an amendment , that the words , ; ' : July ,. l 847 , ; ' , be ! ihsefted . ' "He said that he hadho desire , to obstruct the Government , but he thought that a Bill to continue the existing duties for eleven s months would be only justice to the merchants engaged in the sugar trade , in order ; to , enable them to prepare ; -for , if riot altogether to' escape from , the ruy » : iaMlch the scheme proposed by the Governmen 4 , wSdjnyply ^ theni . v " ..,. ' ; .- ' , v / ,.. / , ,,- THE * eia » CKttO ^ ' contended that it was absolutely necessary the sugar question should be now permanently settled ,
Sir Robbkt Inglis supported , and Mr . Labou cherk opposed the amendment . The House divided—For the amendment ..,...,... 38 Against it 121 Majority against the amendment 83 The clause was filled up with the words «• Septem ber next , " and the Bill passed through committee .
STATUE OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON . On the order of the day to go into committee of ways and means , ' Mr . C . Berkeley moved an address to the Queen praying her Majesty to withdraw her consent to the placing of the statue of theDuke of Wellington upon the archway at the top of Constitution-hill . The hon . member having quoted several - opinions against the tasto of placing such a large equestrian statue on the top of & triumphal arch , called on the House to interfere . Mr . H . Baillie seconded the motion . ^ Lord Morpeth confessed that he entertained considerable misgivings as to the propriety of the site chosen by the committee of the Wellington testimonial , and wished that they had accepted the offer made by the late Government of giving an unobjectionable site elsewhere . That offer the present Government would abide bv .
Ultimately Mr . 0 . Berkeley withdrew his motion , on the understanding , suggested by Lord Morpeth , that the committee should reconsider the proposal of Government , and that in the meantime the works should be all suspended ,
WAYS AND MEANS . The House went into committee of ways and means , and a vote of £ 4 , 000 , 000 out of the consolidated fund was taken .
MILLBANK PRISON . On going into committee of supply , Mr . Duncombk rose to direct the attention of the house to the petition which on a former occasion he hadpresented from Edward Baker , preferring serious complaints against the governor of Millbank Prison , and representing gieat abuses in-that establishment both in the management of its affairs , and as regarded cruelty and oppression towards the prisoners . Three years ago this prison was , under the charge of a committee , in the form ofa penitentiary , but was then placed under the snperintendance of the Secretary of Statefor the Home Department , a governor , and three inspectors . He would not give all the allegations contained ia the petition , but would bring
only some of the principle ones before the house . The petitioner was a warder in the prison from September , 1842 , till April , . 1846 ; had an unexceptionable character , there hems' no complaint whatever against him ; but ; he stated that , in consequence of the oppressive and tyrannical conduct of the governor , Captain Groves , towards prisoners and officers , he was obliged to resign his situation . He stated , and he ( Mr . Buncombe ) was prepared to prove it , that the treatment pursued towards prisoners had led to suicides in the prison to a considerable extent . As to the cruelty exercised towards unfortunate prisoners , the petitioner mentioned the case of George Chinnery , who had a fit in the airing-yard , when the governor on «
tering inquired , what was the matter ? The petitioner replied "a prisoner in a fit ; " when the governor said , he was not in a fit , and ordered him to be reported if he had recourse to " anymore of these tricks . " Afterwards , contrary to the opinion of the person having charge of the prisoners , and without the opinion of any medical man being taken , the governor sentenced the poor prisoner to three days ' bread and water allowance . The answer to this charge he believed was—that the prisoner had , on a former occasion , been confined to Millbank , and was then punished for feigning fits ; whereas , it could be shown that when the prisoner was formerly in the prison , he was placed in a cell next to the warden s room , because he was subject to fits and
required to be looked after . Now , here was a ease of a man unjustly punished , because he had the misfortune to be seized with a fit . It was also alleged by the petitioner that prisoners were punished by the governor for reading their bibles during the sermon in chapel ; that they were punished by their being sentenced to a bread and water allowance for seven days , though , by the rules of the prison , the governors had the power of imposing only for three days bread add water diet . Now , if it could be proved that this man had sentenced any party to seven days' bread and water diet , he held that an illegal and oppressive act had been committed . It appeared , also , that in certain cases ho ordered one day ' s full rations at the end of three days' bread and water , and then
ordered the bread and water to be resumed . He knew that this would be denied , but he was prepared to prove it . Another charge was the following : — On the 10 th of February , 1846 , Frederick Bunyon was sentenced to receive 100 lashes with the cat . He was taken down after receiving 70 lashes , and it was then ordered that he should receive no instruction , Neither religious or moral , after that date . ( Hear , hear . ) Now , why the unfortunate man , after suffering severe punishment , should be sentenced to receive neither moral nor religious instruction , he ( Mr . Duncombe ) was totall y unable to comprehend . Then as to the infliction 01 corporal punishment , he contended that it was wrong to do so wMiin the walls of a prison , and that it should be done away with ;
the regulation of the prison with respect to dogging was that the instrument for flogging should be approved of by the inspector , and that the number of lashes should in all cases be stated in the order for punithmont . If was also a rule that the seal of one of the inspectors should be on the handle of the oat ; but in this case , as also in that of another prisoner , the governor , the night before the punishment was about to be inflicted , desired one of the officers of the prison to gtt much heavier lashes for the cat—lashes double the size of those that were put on ( ho handle , and not satisfied with this double weight ho ordered the ends of these lashes to be lapped with wax cord . ( Hear , hear . ) This , hecontonded . made the punishment not less illegal than cruel ; and if a man had
died under such a punishment the governor ought to have been tried for murder . There was also a gross case of neglect and cruelty towards a convict of the name of Nash , who was draughted from the Pentonvilie prison , on the 10 th of October , 1844 , and was removed to the infirmary on the 1 st of January , 1 S 15 , where ho died on the 7 th of the same month . This individual , during the short time ho was in the prison , was kept on bread and water during 23 days and at the time he was removed to the infirmary was under sentence of being iloggcd . On the 28 th of November , a boy , named James Richmond , 10 vcars old , was received from Edinburgh , and on the 5 th of May was removed to the infipuiar-y , where he died on' the 22 d of the same month . While in the prison , this boy was , for a certain number of days , confined in a dungeon on one pound of bread and two
pints of water per Jay , having only botti'd * to lie Oil duriii" the night , with one rug and 0110 blanket to cover him . Such was the punishment imposed upon a b » y 10 ' or 12 years of age , who , he bdicyed , died solely from the cruelty of the treatment which he hud received . The rinmes of three individuals wevegivon who committed suicide in consequence of tho cruel treatment which they received ; indeed , he mis ; ht say there were four who had destroyed themselves i / i tlioii - ceils since the y . resentgovernor had gone there . But that was not all . lie was prepared to prove that twelve others had made the attempt to commit suicide , and ivcre only fared by the vigilance of * l ' ofiicar . Another complaint was , that several times a false alarm of fire was raised by the governor at night , when he turned out of kd 100 prisoners for what he called " a fire practice . " This was a , most absurd practice and highly injurious for the poor men in the
¦ House Of L0rds: T .Friday ,Juw24. The ...
depths of wmter were often taken out of their beds i »^ fo & r vw /^ i ? - ' and for no other SSffiJW e ? hl ^ *> jnwM » -ft » the purpose ofentertaining the dinner friends of the governor He hoped the right hoa . baronet opposite would grant an inquiry into this subject ; and he , as a member oi that house , would undertake " to prove from persons ' who had witnessed atrocities that every charge he had made was troe-. He didI hope that the right hon . gentleman would see the importance of granting this committee . H * moved that the petition of Edward Baker be referred to a select committee .
Captain Pbcheui seconded the motion . Sir Gkohoe Gnav said this petition had been referred to the Inspectors of Prisons , who had already examined into all the charges set forth in it , and had made their report . He held that report in his hand , and was prepared to present it to the house , when they would see whether the charges were or were not well founded . To appoint a committee before the house has passed the report would be condemnation without inquiry . The right hon . gentleman laid the report on the table , r .. w After some remarks from Mr ; Hume . Mr . Spooher , Captain Pecholl , Mr . Ewartv . Sir R . Inglis , Mr ^ Escott , and Mr . Henley , the house'divided— ' - ^ VFor Mr . Buncombe ' s motion . ' ¦¦ iff ' ¦'" ¦ ' '"¦ ¦ Against it ........ „ B & H ^ ' " Majority against the motion ... —46
Mr . T . Buncombe complained of . tho manner in which the charges contained in the petition to which he had called their attention had been met by the house . ' Sir G-. Obey stated that he should that night move that the report to which he had referred be printed ; and , though he had no control over the printing department , he had no doubt it would be printed without delay . The house went into a committee of supply , and a vote for £ 45 , 460 , to defray the expenses of the British Museum , was agreed to . Mr . Ward brought forward the navy estimates and obtained several votes . The other orders were disposed of , and the house adjourned to Monday .
HOUSE OF LORDS , Monday , Jult 27 . The house met at three o ' clock , when the Royal Assent was given by commission to eighty-three Bills . . The Lords' Commissioners wore the Lord Chancellor , the Marquis of Clanricarde , and the Earl ol Minto . The house resumed at five o ' clock . The Earl of Clancarty laid on the-table the report of the select committee on the Irish Poor Law , and upon Medical Charities in Ireland , which was ordered to be printed .
THE SLAVE TRADE . : Lord Brougham presented a petition against the Sugar Duties Bill , signed by Thomas Clarkson , on behalf of tho Anti-Slavery Society . The noble and learned Lord , in supporting the prayer of the petition , spoke at great length . in opposition to tho Ministerial measures , and read a letter from Lord Denman , in which that learned Judge denounced , in the most forcible Jangnage , any parliamentary measure tending to give an impetus to the slave trade . His Lordship had a fling at his former colleagues , the Whigs , He said : —All the other questions which during the last six months Parliament bad been debating , sank into complete insignificance , when such a one as that which he had just stated was propounded on this 27 th of July , being later than the
ordi-1 nary period of the termination of the parliamentary year , and at a time when parliament was jaded by long attendance , and its patience exhausted by one of the meat exciting debates which ever occupied the attention of either house of Parliament . Why was it brought forward now ? Its passage through Parliament might now perhaps be more glib , as parties were in rather an odd state . It was difficult to say how any one would vote . The Government seemed to think that in the scuffle they might have a chance . It might also be convenient to show that , besides the Sewerage Bill , ' there was a question in which the Cabinet was united . ( Hear , hear . ) It might be convenient for the Government to show that they agreed upon something ; but , at all events , they felt that
they had a better chance now than next year . Besides , they said , " You have just been promoting Free Trade by all the means in your power . You have now carried one change and then another until you have repealed the Corn Laws , which takes away protection from the home grower and you now wish to take away protection from his . colonial brother . " It was in vain to discuss such a question , which was a very difficult one in all its bearings—a question on which the feelings of the country could be easily aroused , and therefore they thought it better to take time by the forelock and not let that house , which discussed the Corn Bill , have an opportunity of fully debating this question . He ( Lord Brougham ) had great alarms . These men were wise in their generation according to a certain but a limited scale . He
knew that these men knew to a certain extent what they ^ were about . He knew that they had a little portion of that worldly wisdom which oftentimes took the place of a higher degree of wisdom , and therefore was oftentimes move advantageous to its possessors than wisdom itself . For this reason he had great fears that they had not reckoned untruly on this subject , and that he perhaps might be found in a minority when the charge , to which Mr . Clavkson alluded , was brought forward , and against which he humbly and earnestly warned their Lordships , But what if he ( Lord Brougham ) had tho same house here to listen to the ^ -ase as when the Corn Laws were discussed a couple of-pionths ago—if that house were here assembled , he would at ouce say to his
venerable friend , ' Be quiet and easy , and take the repose you have so well earned , for you may be assured that your eyes will not close in death before a victory shall be gained over this last attempt in favour of the Slave Trade . " But his astonishment was increased when he found that this question did not at all press : Can there be any better reason for setling it now , in 1840 . than in 1817 ? He thought that the Government ought to acquiesce in the proposition which hud been made , to take a Bill for a year , and then next year , alter they had time to ba advised of the whole subject , and to receive all the
necessary information irom the coast of Africa , respecting the working of the treaty and the operations of the combined squadron there , and information as to the quantity of sugar which we might get from our East Indian possessions , and from Siain and Manilla , and further information also as to the state of slavery in Cuba and Brazil , the question could be properly and advantageously discussed . Surely it would be better to act according to common sense and consistency , and take the Bill for a year , tlien legislate thus in a hurry , and endeavour to pass a permanent measure , when there was neither opportunity for consideration , nor time for discussion .
The Marquis of Lansiiowne did not intend at that period to fellow the Noble and Learned Lord at any length in tho statement which ho made . He might-, however , be permitted to say , that as the present duties on slave grown sugar had not had their result ' n the suppression of the slave trade , but the contrary , the general principle of free trade , lately adopted , ought to be applied to an article which formed one ot the most useful necessaries of life . The petition was then ordered to lie on the table . Some formal business was disposed of , and their Lordships adjourned at half-past seven o ' clock . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Monday , July 27 .
THE RE-ELECTIONS . Mr . Thomas Maitland took the oaths and his seat on his re-election for the Stewarty of Kirkcudbright . SABBATH AMUSEMENTS . Mr , HuMBgavo notice of his intention to move a resolution ( on the proposal to introduce a Bil | against Sunday trading , as we understood ) declaring that with a view to lessen the temptation to drunkenness and immorality , it is the duty of a christian legislature to take care that the British Museum , tho National Gallery , and all similar public places , be kept open after morning service on Sunday , in the same way that gin-shops , and public houses are allowed to be kept open . ( Much cheering . )
MILITARY FLOGGING . Mr . OsBOitNu gave notice , that on the house going into committee on the army estimates , he would move the abolition of military flogging , except for t-ftences c ommitted on a line of march , and that then tho punishment be limited to fifty lashes . ( Cheers . )
PROVISIONS IN IRELAND . Mr . 0 'Conkei . t . referred to a report he had soon in the newspapers , that the supply ' of food by the Government in Ireland was to cease on the 15 th of yhiyust . He wished to be infovincd what truth there tnklifc be in this statement . 01 * whether Ministers had any iutentum . to reduce the supply of food at the diite specified ? It such a notion were to get abroad , he feared it would be received in . Ireland with tho deepest regret and dissatisfaction . Nothing could have been conducted with greater wisdom and discretion than the supply of food by the l ! ito Government , Tho CiiMiORUOK oft ' i- ^ *> nuquEU said , the measures for thoalloviatw * recent distress had
¦ House Of L0rds: T .Friday ,Juw24. The ...
been of tlrtee kinds , being partly by means of employ-^ . « 'W ^ GovflrnmentKurnished'bythoSftimthe neighbourhood , and partlyby the Government selling MrtSW f ^' afa cheap rate through the different Tnm - - "I " ¦ & mw-not intended . to discontinue exeent th ? so ar aa *&' Governmentwereconcerned , benpfinioi „« : ' % concurred in the opinion of the late ( W * 4 " * V hIoh the measures ' of relief of the t ^ ev h ^? , tha , 1 Weriattended wlthii ( Ireland { had K ^ ?** ^ people from famine , but which vJLTT * P * ' P « b ^ ic peace : But that ofSTtm ^ 'T ^ dlrt , «^ W-lieBome - m " eTU n Kid L ? -i ? ie Hng was beginning toprevail n f'f'an d , and the Government had determined
that the supply of food should cease . when tw harvest came ia . Directions were ^ accotf rigbs-ifafed to the Commissariat to stop- the ^ suWyef foodtfurnished by the Government " afterAugus ' t -35 th . "r > The lstof August was the day driwhiehrit was at first proposed the supply cease i'but it was' exiended'till the 15 th , in order that there' might Be no pressure on the eariy crop of potatoes ' . It wai forfciraato that was done , for there was too " much' reason to felieve , the earl crop of potatoes had failed . "" : \ ' v ^ ' * A short conversation ensued in ! which'Mr ; . ( PGonnell corroborated the statement that the'earJ y ? potato * crop had failed andthe Ghancelldr oftheEicliisqder 4 " ! the matter had the'due ' ahd best cohsideral & n ) of Government . ;; ' . v ^ r - : > - ; Ty-THESUGAR DUTIES ^ ;; ^' '
Upon Lord J . Rnsskt ' a moving ; that the -order of the day be now read for going into the Committer ofWaya and Means . -: ; , -: ^ . x ' ; V Lord G . Bekiisck . . moved-the amendment % of JlS ? *? n ^ ^ tice ^ apd ^ dj ^ iml &^ ast hty to Her Majeaty ' s ^ Ministe ^ ' ^ biervedRtlsS , although on former ocQa ^ tK ^ S & i ^ iB ^ and oi the polity of ^^ MjS & \> W been mixed up , with tlie ^ u ^ n : pflonfiSS » confidence m the Government , HiwaaVnot'h'i £ intS [ - ' turn so . to treat them upon , the " present { c ^ ion . After repudiating the notion , ' which ' Teryi « w » e » - ously prevailed out of , d o ^ , sthi ^ fi ^^ d ; hw | rrienaa : were onlyfightmg a sham ^ bAtUoijaw ^ t ^ ihe Goi yernment resolutions , . fieCB ^ ifeSthWt ^ Sa ^ tt « - ! r
solved in those . resolutld ^ MMaW ^ ffiacWilSelf into three heads ^ and . ' thi 1 : « s . sucfi ^ in ' oula ^ tSSif it . - The first head was that which concerned the interest of the British sugar . plahters in the West Indies , the East Indies , and the Mauritius , and which also concerned the supply of sugar to Great Britain . Tie second was the question of revenue , as touched on by Lord J . Russell in introducing , his resolutions ; and the third would relate to the interests of tha African race . On the first head Lord J . Russell founded his resolution on fhe , policy , and afsooa the difficulty , of supplying the people of this country with cheap sugar ; and though his Lordship had not said that there would be a famine in sugar during the next year , he had said that there would'be *
considerable deficiency in the average supply ; Now , so far from there being a probability of a want of sugar Lord G ' . Bentinck positively asserted that if the Government would only give confidence to tho British planter , and security to the investment of capital in the sugar plantations in the West Indies in Mauritius , and , above all , in the East Indies , there would be an ample supply of sugar for the cori « sumption of this country . He did not deny that if slave-grown sugar were admitted into the markets of this country , the country would gain I'd . a pound in the price of its sugar ; but the country had a right to expect better things from the increased produce of sugar in the East Indies and the Mauritius , and from the '' restored produce of the West
Indies , if the Government would only consent tff facilitate the introduction of freo labour into the plantations of those colonies , and would continue to the planters the protection which they now enjoyed , He calculated that the supply of sugar for the next year would amount not to 280 , 000 , as Lord John Russell contended , but to 3 i 0 , 000 tons , The greatest consumption ever known in this country did not exceed 2-1 ( 5 , 000 tons , and that being the case , he considered that , without seeking aid from the slave colonies of other countries , there would be an ample provision for the consumption of Great Britain . He admitted that his calculation wastbundedon the supposition that the price of sugar was not materially diminished ; for it was quite clear that if it were
diminished Cs . a cwt ., as LoidJ . Russell anticipated it would be , by the introduction of Brazilian ajid Cuban sugar , it would no longer be profitable to cultivate sugar in the East Indies for the British market . But it was said that the priuciplesof free trac ' a required that wc should open our markets to the sugar of the Brazils , in order that the Brazils might open their markets to our manufactures . To this argument he replied , that if we gained a market far our manufactures in tiic Brazils , we should lose it in . the East Indies , and in our other colonies ; Mid , moreover , should bring on the natives deeper dial-res J than that which we had already inflicted on them by destroying entirely their manufacturing industry . He then entered upon the revenue part of the
question , and observed , that he could not understand how Lo \ d J . Russell armed at his conclusion , that h & should gain £ 525 , 000 more of revenue by his scheme of sugar duties than Mr . Goulburn would have been enabled to obtain by his scheme . No more revenue would be derived Irom British plantation sugar under one scheme than the other . If 20 , 000 tons of free labour sugar were to come in under the noble lord ' s scheme , at 21 s . a cwt ., they would equally come in under . that of Mr . Goulburn , at 10 s . 6 J . aewt . Supposing , then , that Lord J . Russell got Is . 6 d . a cwt . more than Mr . Goulburn for his free labour sugar , he would only get £ 23 , 000 more than Mr . Goulburn in that way . Even supposing that the consumption increased to 280 , 000 tonswhich was 40 , 000 tons more
, than our greatestconsumption , and that all that increase was made up of slave-grown sugar , he would only obtain £ -121 , 000 of revenue irom slare-growa sugar , so that at the utmost Lord J . Russell would not obtain £ 440 , 000 more than Mr . Goulburn . For his own part , he believed that £ 23 , US 3 was all the gain in point of revenue , which Lord J . Russell would derive from his plan for letting into our war k ' ets the sugar of Cuba and Brazils . Such being the fact , he implored his noble friend not to press on a measure so niiifcerwlly affecting the revenue at the present advanced period of the session . The last time these duties were discussed , the discussion ia the committee tools up eight uiglits ; and if they were to be discussed at the same length now , or eveu at
that length which their importance deserved , and if at the end of that and the subsequent discussions they should be passed , there would be no Peers lathe House of Lords to receive the bill founded upon them . He then entered upon the Inst division of his subject—that connected with slavery , on which he said that the question resolved itself into this —• Would the people of England have shivery and sugar two-thirds of a penny a pound cheaper , or would they be content to pay that sum for sugar grown by the hands of free British industry ? Were tiwy tired of their past exertions for the emancipation of the slave , or did they repent the £ 20 , 000 , 000 which they had paid for it ? Tliey were now paying £ 1 , 500 , 000 , and employing 45 ships of war , and a considerable
number of sailors , for the repression oi the netavious nnd diabolical slave trado- ; and would they render themselves supremely ridiculous inthecjes of all the world , by contributing at the same time £ 1 , 500 , 000 to £ 2 , 000 , 000 to the profits of the slave dealers of Cuba and Brazils , by assenting to these resolutions ? He showed , by refiror . ee to siane horrible and disgusting crueltits inflicted on the slaves in a slave ship of n Brazilian planter of tho name of h ' onsecn , that there was nothing in the present mode of conducting the slave trade to reconcile tho feelings of Englishmen toit . The statement he was goiu » to make a * to the Ken « tncky rested on the authority of an English sailor , whose name was William Page .. His account was
that there were 500 hi all on beard when the vessel sailed , but that about a dozen died , and 40 isjcii and one woman were hung or shot during the passage , so thatabout 440 were lauded at Cape Frio . _ When the slaves came on board they were all put in irons ; and here they found described t 9 their hand ihe nature of a slave ship . The size of the vessel between the solid deck and the beam was only two foot ten inches . The number of slaves , according to tho size of the vessel , shou'd have been 200 : it bein ^; G 7 feet lor-g by 21 broad , and only of 100 tons . Now , every purson connected with our mercantile marine knew that three persons were allowed fur five tons ; but here , on the coiitivu-r , there were something- like four or five men to the ton-, and the poor wretches were
shackled two and two , and thrust info a vessel where there was only two feet ten inches between the deck and the beam . The account went > = n to state ilmfc they were all put in irons . When the weather was good manv of the negroes were on deck , but in stormy weather they were all below . Tim day after the vessel crossed the bar , and had left Kinghnin Bay , the captain armed the crew with pistols and cutlasse ? , and sent them among the skives , whose irons had been taken off , and who had risen against ihe eiew . and there they remained for half an hour or more , shooting and cutting at the wretched beings , nor did they require any encouragement to do > so , as tl ey seemed to like the sport . The waves were shcu tsshuu on deck and iromd afresh , and r . ut below , except aboat seven , who were rciaUml un dvek . Nunc , Ueobserved , were killed on tliiiv occasion , but nine or
ten were wounded . The citw fired with bails m their pistols and shot in their muskets , add he believed that the reason none were killed was . that they fired through the hatchways , & c , and that the slaves , got out of tlicir way as much as possibly The ^ u-sfc day they were brought on deck , t . wo or three tlezen at a tini !} , and tried bv ll , c captain a . s c ' anything iu it likd the «««}¦ tf ili « ™ v ??*"& % * * ' cate ? A vono was put riuio . u iriui \ ueih-- - i J " '"'• v . erc drawn up \» the p ; d : arm in . "le ft a w «) . «| . oe , to he killed , but ca a derive eiu-k . d , and IbfJ * £ 0 tlH-u * ho ; in ib « h ^ tnnd thMMUt « revboau 1 . l « e nolle ;« i \! vend Ic . ahcydoi & i * < " kHUi ^ M 1 '" ( ConlinwiUo «/«¦ ' ^ ¥ 1 ' 1 ;> " ^ >
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 1, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_01081846/page/1/
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