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t^^haSY % . THE NORTHERN STAR. 3
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* THE' £O PES |pi | '48, •%' ^ ii^^ p.m^...
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KCDiCUJS.
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THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW ' OF BRITISH AND F...
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"' of eas In •ro %no7«feV Political- Ins...
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ADMIRABLE SPEECH OF MR. KYDD ON THE LABO...
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' PROTECTION MEETINGS. CLETELA^D, YORKSH...
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SWAPPHAM, NORFOLK. On Monday, pursuant t...
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TRIUMPH OF FREE TRADE IN THE COUNTY OF B...
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A Pbotkciionisi Mbetino took place at Pr...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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T^^Hasy % . The Northern Star. 3
t ^^ haSY % . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3
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* The' £O Pes |Pi | '48, •%' ^ Ii^^ P.M^...
* THE' £ O PES | pi | ' 48 , % ' ^ ii ^^ p . m ^^ M ,.. ^ oi njaTchy ^ v ^ . . -r Priestcraft raise its vulture voice , - Tw . reaction swiftly come . -
tilth venfiean ' ce robed in state , — And strive to sUy , withrope and gun , The hopes ; 01 * 481 -j-. * mammon-greed its golden links ^ prawcloserdayb yday , _ And madly seek to force from all " ^ leg iancetoitssway . ; .. . We dare them all—kings , mammon-slaves ^ d oligarchs elate ! Ihey cannot—all uuUed—blast the ho pes of * 4 S ! . .- ' . -
In the hearts bf Europe ' s Toilers These hopes have made their home j Jfor Russian force in Hungary , jfor Oallic fraud in Rome . y 9 r cunning diplomatic skill—That eonrteons mask of hate—Can plunder the unfranchised Of the hopes of' 48 ! Ton may seize the men who breathe them Too loud above their breath ; Ton may send their armed defenders Ajsharp or "lingering death ""; Shoot them by . scores;—Yon but arrest And not avert your fate ; For that martyr-blood is the seal ye set To the hopes of * 48 ! Eugene
Kcdicujs.
KCDiCUJS .
The Democratic Review ' Of British And F...
THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW ' OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY , AM ) LITERATDE . Edited by < x . JrauyHABJffir . No . IX "February . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s-tead-passage , Paternoster-row . - The second of a series of Letters to the Working Classes , on the all-important question of a Free Press , occupies the first place in this number . " Taxation and Terrorism' ' is the iffle of a digest of facts contained in the
pamp hlet . of Mr . W 2 Bams , ez-nLP ., recently reviewed in these columns . " The Grave of a Tyrannicide " . tells of the exhumation of the remains of one of the g lorious band who dared to try , condemn , and subscribe the deathwarrant of " the man Charles Stuart , ' * King of England . The author of " A Glance at History" takes for his . subject the principal Greek and Roman Historians . Herodotus is highly and deservedly eulogised , while Sallust is exposed to infamy and contempt ; The most interesting and startling portion of . this article is the author ' s defence of the celebrated
Catiline . This is historical heterodoxy with a vengeance ! How will the worshippers of such " patriots" as Cicero like it;—and what will Mrs . Grundy sayl A striking transition from the great " anarchist" bf ancient . tunes , to the great sjstematiser of the present age-Fourier , introduces the reader , to a memoir of that extraordinary theorist ! " Revelations of the -Building Trades , " by "John , the Workman , " will be anything . but palatable to the despotic and plundering gentry who stand midway between the employer and the employed , and cheat the former , while they g rind the faces of the latter . * 'Coming events cast their shadows before , " and in " Pictures of the Poor" thereafter wulfmd—contrasted with the miseries of mothers and infants of the
destitute classes—a descrip tion of the - " , royal cradle" for Ber Majesty ' s " next" It strikes us that we may . as well here give additional currency to the official announcement that Queen "Victoria , "by the grace of God , & c , " is at this time in an " interesting situation " With a lofty disregard of what the " common people " - term " delicacy , " the Times has been instructed to announce that the "interesting " climax may he expected " about the middle of
April" If that highly respectable , but rather muddle-headed , personage , Mr . . John Bull , has any regard for his pockets , he will do wisely to he on the "look out for squalls . An article entitled " The Charter , and something ^ more J" will speak for itself—we may add , that it speaks plainly . A review of Ledru Rollin ' spamphlet , "The 13 th of June , " is followed by " Letters from France and Germany , " decidedly the most important- of the contents of this number ' of the Democratic
Review . The disclosures concerning the designs of the European despots , and the proofs g iven of the progress of the revolutionary spirit in France and Germany , stamp these letters as inexpressibly valuable . The letter from France has but one fault—its comparativebrevity . Oar extracts must he very brief : —
the nrar os taper Is a war tax . It was first imposed in the tenth year of the reign of Queen Anne , when , - according to the act of parliament ; it was found- " necessary to raise large sums of money to carry on the war . " The same act imposed a duty upon soap , silks , calicoes , linens , and stuffs , printed , painted , or stained in Great Britain ; also on stamped vellum , and parchment , and on cert ^ m printed papers , pamphlets , and advertisements ; & c , < fcc * Truly Englishmen have laid dearly for the victories of Marlborough , and the preservation of " the balance of power . "
HERODOTUS . The moral doctrines that influenced Herodotus are to be found in his writings . They are of a high and benevolent character , and \ videly different from tlie crude , mean , and selfish philosophy of the pre * simt age . One of his maxims ' was , - " that power and riches are not sufficient to . constitute happiness , for the man in possession of a moderate fortune is often more happy than the monarch on his throne . " More than twenty centuries have passed since Herodotus flourished , and yet ' the science of morals and government has made little or no progress . "Modern times may boast of its discoveries in physics , but they have hitherto , " hi place of producing - general happiness , tended only to demoralise the human race . Many of these discoveries have yielded riches to the few , and have become gigantic monopolies ;
by bad legislation the people are beggared , and gaunt misery is spread over the land ; and so long as the accursed thirst for the accumulation of superfluous wealth shall be stimulated by the institutions of a country , the industrious and toiling millions will always be doomed to the most wretched suffering . The blind impulses and the animal propensities which guide the political economists of our day , regarding human industry , exhibit strongly the heartless and ignoble character of their philosophy . * * The wisest and best of men have ,-in all ages , denounced the cupidity of the selfish richj and we may fairly rank Herodotus among those who condemned and exposed the insane , folly of doctrines which teach that the greatness of a nation depends upon its wealth being concentrated in the hands of a few .
CATILINE . - - - To destroy the corruption which prevailed , and restore to the Soman people a better order of things , "f ere in all probability the aims of Catiline . But Because he attempted the overthrow of a licentious government , ; maintained hy a-proud ' aristocraey , in combination" with the infamous usurers who plundered the citizens of the Roman empire , he has been denounced and handed down in the page of history as a detestable villain . - ' -
o i-iJ *? ? ' M > BDS , J «» MOHET-IORDS ; So lutle love have we for the existing aristocracy , « ft „^» Zc 7 *"¦ ^ Patttw *« ith the " "Protectionists , that w 6 - should be disposed to exult rather than to mourn were they in their despair to go , like . Judas , and hang themselves . But we have equal -hatred and more "dread of a monied aristocracy . ? The ¦ feudal-lords' are " doomed—they aft worn out , theirrace is run ,-and the handwritin g on the wall predicts their speedy extinction / -But the money-lords areftll v of "life and 'eBergy , - andTes & i lutelyresolvedto ' establish then *" ascendancy , on the ruins of the rule ' of their once masters , hat now Perishmg rivals . Should they succeed , woe to the People ! Thei feud ^ iHords haVe . § conrgea the proletarians with whips , but-the money-lords ( if they succeed in their desisnsl-jfjlLscourge them with eorpiona . - —¦*• - ¦» <¦
"' Of Eas In •Ro %No7«Fev Political- Ins...
% no 7 « feV Political- Instructor . Edited by- . & W ; jf , rEETRJOLDS . ' ' Part III . \ . Lon- ' d" > n : J ; I ) ic ^ l 7 ^ Weahi ^ n-streeilitorth , ^ traini . v •» . :. '¦ "' ¦¦¦ ' :- ' : " ¦ ¦; ' .-- ^¦ u EriMEs success 4 b deBerved-without being achieved ; and—perhaps ofifener ^ achieved ^ thbut behi g ' dese ^ l ^^ " /; It . in ^ fi ^¦; . ll 0 ^ veYeii ^ ^ ac *^ owIedged ttat " the success whicli ^ jhas j ^ aded ; this pnilieatibn ; has been . defiervied . | ^ frue that some of the . ' portraats-of public j ^ cterswhich : [ ba ^ Jkpj ^^ miMJ ^ ni t - - " ¦ i Sannej ; layclanfftopiriiisei'b ' ufihiHQitier
"' Of Eas In •Ro %No7«Fev Political- Ins...
respects the cheap and good pennyworth of poUtical instruction ^ upplied by » Mr . Reynolds musfrhe pronounced ; unexceptionable , and well worthy . popnlar , patronage .., J The ' articles by fte ^ d ator- ^^ GracchuSj' ^' and << A . National Reformer , " are entitled to special commendation ., * ' We-give the followmg extract from an article by the Editor , on
_ THX CiSB Or IHB JOBKEYttEH TAlMtBS . Is it possible that the present system can last ? -Look at the awful misery which prevails oh every side ; look at the stern , substantial' unmistakable grounds which exist for discontent throughout : the length and breadth of the land . . What class of the industrial population is well off ? Sot one . "Which section of the great community of workers can earn enough to live respectably upon ? Not one . ' This i \ not a question in which a few * thousands of individuals are concerned :- it-regards millions . The agricultural labourers are starving upon four or five shillings a week—the hands in the manufacturing districts are neither fully employed nor adequately paid—the cutlers and stockingers are
famishingthe miners are in a fearful condition—the needlewomen ' s case is -a . scandal to civilisation , ' - and ¦ a practical refutation of England ' s : Christianity—the coal-whippers may well envy Russian serfs , and . wish to heaven that , they were slaves upon "Virginian plantations '—the silk weavers are driven almost to the very verge of desperatiorf—and last ; " though not least , the fraternity" of journeymen tailors has been compelled to proclaim its wrongs- ¦ in the face of day ! The system , then , cannot last . The few are too rich—the many too poor . A thousand pounds a week , enjoyed . by some aristocrat ,- stand forth in awful contrast to four shillings a week > which is all that many a hard worker can earn . An Apician
luxury on the one hand throws the famine-stricken table on the other into the saddest relief . - Destitution is fast breeding desperation , for there are at this moment millions of human beings in the British Islands who are proclaiming to the whole world £ by various means , that tbeir condition canaot possibly be made worse by anything , which may . occur . ' -In thenameof heaven , then , let our rulers—let our legislators—let our philanthropists do something to meet the evil . It is useless to denounce as firebrands and revolutionists those men whose only " crime " is their becoming the mouth-piece of all that tremendous misery whereof I have just spoken . Would to God that these islands , could- to-morrow be blessed with such measures , and such an amount of
political reform and social improvement , as to render , " agitation "' utterly unnecessary , " and' turn Chartist halls into lecture rooms ! But such a consummation cannot be hoped for so long as the few shall arrogate to themselves the rig ht of enslaving the millions—so long as the producers of food arc perishing with want , and the makers of costly garments are clothed in rags . Strange and unnatural condition of things ; and yet the man who dares denounce the system is stigmatised as a demagogue , pointed at . as a "bloody-minded revolutionist , and perhaps" thrown into' a prison as a rebel and traitor . But , after all , who are the realrevplutionists ?—the men who proclaim the people ' s wrongs and demand their redress as a wise precaution—or the men who
arrogantly declare that the people are contented and do not want reform ? v , -. :-. ' . .-. A recent meeting of Journeymen Tailors at Exeter Hall exposed the frightful condition of no less than 20 , 000 . deservihgi'industrious ' hard-working men in the British metropolis . ' The firsfrfe ' eling which inevitably seizes upon the ; mind / on reading the appalling catalogue of wrongs , miseries , ; privations , and cruelties endured by those persons , is one of astonishment that ; human patience should be capable' of stretching to such inordinate lengths . This is the system adopted : —A ' great tailor contracts with a middle-man for the . work to-be done . The average is seven shillings " and sixpence for a coat - This middle-man employs -a sub-contractor
at an average of five shillings the coat ; , and this sub-contractor gets a still more unfortunate being to make it for three shillings . Reader , look into the newspapers aud see who are the great advertising tailors . Those are the men who thus build palaces cemented with the blood of their fellow-creatures , and incrusted with the miseries of twenty thousand families ! Just . calculate the enormous amount expended by those great clothiers , in advertisements alone : one house lays ont in this manner as much as £ 12 , 000 a year ; another £ 8 , 000 ; a third £ 5 , 000 ; and the others in proportion . These are facts , which are well known to those who are initiated in the mysteries of the
metropolitan newspaper offices and who are at all acquainted with the financial details of the advertising system . Look at those enormous amounts , then . jtkus expended , —add thorn to the ' interest of an immense capital sunk in founding these palaces of iniquity and horror , —add again the cost of keeping up those vast establishments—the numerous servitory—the plate glass—the galaxy of lights—the owners' gorgeous style of living , with carriages , livery-servants , festivals , and countryhouses , —reckon up all these items , and then ask whence comes the colossal income requisite to meet such demands ! From the flesh and blood—ay , the very vitals of the slop-workers and the journeymen tailors .
From two o f the recent letters of "Grac chus" we give the following extracts : —
FREE TRADERS AND PROTECTIONISTS . Free trade , as taught and understood by the Cohdenites , will never give to you freedom : protection , as taught and understood by Tory squires , means robbery of the labourers for the advantage of the landowners : and financial reform , efficiently carried but to-morrow , would not materially relieve your sufferings—your real interests are neither comprehended nor thought of by these parties . It is at once pitiable and amusing to hear men talk now-a-days about the adversity and prosperity of the times . The poor needlewomen , the journeymen tailors , Spitalfields weavers , and agricultural labourers , are starving—and . -we are gravely assured that these sad results are all attributable to Feel ' s free trade p » licy . In honest truth , journeyman tailors , Spitalfields weavers , and poor needlewomen ,
have often starved before Peel ' s free trade schemes -were heard of ,: and every living man of- sixty years of age , who trusts to his own memory , will teU you -what we have just written . As regards the agricultural labourers , they have for many years been increasing in numbers and decreasing in comforts . The factions . are fighting ; it is a summons of death and a civil war without soldiers . An insurrection wastes much and gains little ; , an invasion causes dread and , sometimes conquest ; a civil war eats up the vitals of a state . . The factions are fighting and ask you to enlist ! On one banner is Free Trade and Financial Reform , to which is tagged a small bit of Chartism , which , by the way , hangs rather awkwardly . On the other banner there are written cunningly , "Protection to native industry , " which means the * increased protection of landlords ' pockets first , and you may wait until your . turn
comes . We amy want protection to native industry . President Taylor has just sent us a hint from America . ; that the Yankees ate looking ahead , and * he means protection . But whether we want protection or otherwise , it cannot begin with corn ; and if begun anywhere , it may never end there . The English landowners thoughtcheapsilksan excellent thing ; so they thought cheap " hats , cheap lace , cheap carpets , cheap fancy work-boxes , cheap Geneva watches , Ac ., ' and they have even tried their hands at cheap workhouses ( which last experiment , by the way , has been rather a costly one , the upshot of which is not yet understood ) . With increased rent and cheapened-labour they , have but few claims on you for support . We ask' you to pause and consider ; your Eosition as working men . Meantime , take good eed > hatyou do , and beware of Protectionist landlords ! '• -- .-
Our merchant-princes , as they are called ; have been gradually buying up the lands of bankrupt landowners ; in many cases entails have been brokeii by the holders and heirs-apparent of lands , to facilitate the transfer and sale of estates . These merchants and mill-owners are ' a . very different class ^ of individuals from either the old aristocracy or their degenerate deseenderits . They are not so literary in their tastes , nor so generous in their conduct , as the landowners of sixty or seventy years ' agq : neither are theyso profligate and proud as tho foxhunting sham aristocrats of later days' The merchant landowners are men of business , keen , calculating men , having . a clear comprehension of buying and selling ' and they will make profit of land that is ho ' w . prbfitr less , and'forturiesfrom that which is how considered
to be waste . It is an error to say that ' the mere re peal of the corn laws , will ruin the landowners ; They were doomed to ruin " / their fate was sealed ; and the measures of Sir Robert Peel , and the agilit " timvof-Mr . . Cobden , have only accelerated their downfall . . .. - '" " -. ' These keen men of the counting-house settle all things b the . mle of three ; arid they are in the senate what they have been in the counting-house in both places they are sure of success . ' England is destined to be ruled by them : they' are in " tfieJascendaht , arid . vrill rise highetand higher by every change that occurs in or out of parliament - ¦ -
"' What ' . ' will " this transfer of property and transfer of power dofor you ,: the workers , the producers of wealth , if left uncontrolled , and Uninfluenced b / increased intelligence ^ and the influence of public opinion ? It will gi ve you -a change of masters'i p some cases , " and m all * a cen ' trahsation of powerj Will it lessen your burdens ?—will it give to you in " creased physical comfort ? '; These ' . ' question ' s- ; are easier asked than answered ; hut we may'iudgc by what , we have seen . Visit Ashton or Sfaleyb ' ridge / In Lancashire , and you will there see the land . of roVernmerityou ' may expect for ^ England if this centralised factory and Jand power he not checked and influence" ! by ^ hemcrra ^ . f w CI ®| ^ cr ea 5 ^ ^ ^ fn inf
"' Of Eas In •Ro %No7«Fev Political- Ins...
power of tho producers . In AshtiSn ^ and'Staley " bridg % . thereJs no J awbut ^ thejaw of the ' strongest ; money ' rales aupreme j- and-- * roWe- i 9 biin ' ' 'liotoFy ^ masters . haveiithe , control / of / a ' ' small but thicklypopulated canton , which they rule as . seems to , them best . .-. There , factoriesland . dwelling-houses are the property of the ' sairie persons ; and . if a " p odr man owns a three-rbonr tenement , * left 'to him by his father brother relative , he lets it for half the rent he gives for a less commodious house , or , as , we have often seen , ihe leaves it , locks . the door ,, and pays a high weekly rental for a miserable hovel , the property of hisemployer ; .. Does a workman violate the law ? " he is brought before a magistrate and punished—the magistrate being his employer . Does the magistrate violatethe law ? there is no court of appeal .. Money is all powerful ; such a vassalage is
cruel and humiliating . To make England a great Staleybridge , ; i 8 a consummation not devoutly to be wished .: ' These Staleybridge factory-barons are all for cheap government—so are you ; they mean lowpriced legislation , 'that they may pocket more gains ; you :: mean cheap : government , in hopes that your taxes may be lessened and your physical , comforts increased . r ; You are right : have cheap tea , if you can by . any means get it ; have cheap soap , cheap newspapers / -Ac—that is , untaxed tea , - untaxed soap , and untaxed newspapers ; But bo not deceived ; take the taxes off all these necessaries , and have low-priced labour , your condition may be in a degree improved , compared with what it would have been with high-priced necessaries and low-priced labour . Bat when'you have gained all that the Financial Reformers desire , yon will not have gained much .
Admirable Speech Of Mr. Kydd On The Labo...
ADMIRABLE SPEECH OF MR . KYDD ON THE LABOUR QUESTION . * OPERATIVE SILK WEAVERS' MEETING . A general meeting ; of the operative broad-silk weavers of London , was held on Friday evening , January 24 th , in the school-room ,, St . John-street , Brick-lane , for the purpose of hearing Mr . Kydd on the all-important question ' . of labour . The chair was taken soon after seven o ' clock by Mr . ' Hollis ( operative ) . ' ' " The Chairman said , there could be no more important question to the . labouring classes than the one which that meeting was assembled to discuss . They had had bitter experience that . they were falling in the seals of society , that their means of
living were much diminished , ' and unless something should be done to alter their : position , ' the most alarming consequences might justly be apprehended . He hoped they would give a fair hearing to every one who mig ht address them . -Mr . Ktdd said ; that he had attended that meeting , because he was impressed . with the idea that the question of labour and the condition of the labourer were fit and . proper subjects for discussion . He would not , however , have any one suppose that he was about dogmaticall y to lay it down as an axiom , that certain remedies must inevitably produce sudden results . On the contrary , -he thought that England , like other nations , was destined to suffer much , both in-its ' commercial" arid
agricultural interests , and most certainly the labourers niust continue to suffer for some years to come . He was anxious the labour question should be fully reasoned out . In the year 1830 , and again in 1848 , they had-witnessed . revolutions in France , and in seeking for the causes , they . would find them in the fact , that the labourers in that country were neither fully employed , nor fully paid ; ( Hear . ) _ He was not going to argue that men should live without labour . Labour was natural to man . "Earn thy bread by the sweat of . thy brow" was an old mandate , and so . was the other doctrine , of "the labourer is worth y of his hire . " Labour was inevitable to man s existence , for without labour there could be no property . Land and labour were the
only known sources of wealth . Labour was the exercise of power for the productions of utility , and the labourer of a land had the first claim to a maintenance . " ( Cheers . ) He joined issue broadly with those who asserted that certain masses must always starve while other-masses thrive . ( Hear , hear ) . Where the interests . of the labourer were neglected , the bonds of society became loosened , as was evidenced by the agricultural fires in the south arid west of England > ome years ago . Those fires spoke trumpet-tongued , that until attention was called to the subject , the landlord had neglected the farmer , and the farmer had neglected the labourers . In the manufacturing districts the evidences of the ueglect of the . labourer manifested
themselves in riots . All these occurrences served to show that unless the labourer received a larger share of the honey the whole structure of society would inevitably tumble about their ears . ( Cheers . ) His object was to have a full and fair , discussion as to what were the real interests of the labourer , and how those interests could be best promoted . In the trade circular of Mr . Maudley , of Manchester , he spoke of the ascension and descension * of the wheel of prosperity ; this , of course applied to the capitalist , for the , ascension of the . wheel was the treadmill of the operative , while its descension was hisbohe-mill—a system compelling the labourer to excessive work to-day , and leaving him to starve to-morrow . ( Cheers . ) They
were told they were only , entitled to gain as much for their labour as capital could , afford . to pay them . "He joined issue" with those who put forth the novel doctrine that capital owed no allegiance to labour , and . that all the relations of men were settled by the payment of a few metal coins . He was not the enemy of . capital , but its friend . He railed against' no improvement in machinery , but desired to see the aSairs of men so regulated that such improvements should be of general , and not of partial benefit :: And here he might remark , that he was a disbeliever , iu the doctrine so common in and . out of parliament-T-thatto buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest ' . market , under all circumstances , was the highest law of commerce . Such a doctrine must be ruinous to the labourers ,
who have everything . to sell before they can buy anything , and of great gain to the capitalist , who can bide his time , and buy all things cheaply , and sell all things dearly . He repeated that he joined issue on the question , and could cite in ¦ his favour all those great men whose writings were considered to be axiomative . lie had carefully read Adam Smith , for he would blush to argue the question ; of labour if he had not reasoned the matter fully in his own mind , both as regarded his own view of the interests of the labourer , and that taken by the political economists . Adam Smith wrote as follows : — " Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can . command . It is his own advantage , and riot that of society , he has
in view ; but the study of his own advantage , naturally , or rather necessarily / leads him to prefer , that employment which was most advantageous to . society , "; ; Man ,, it was said , always looked to his own interests , and in consulting those he consulted the interests also of his fellow men . If ( said Mr . Kydd ) this principle be invariably , true , then all will go well—there will be no misery ' resulting from its action . Is it so ? Let us inquire . Were the immense railway speculations of 1846 generally advantageous ? Jfojthey have entailed misery on thousands , aud have been ruinous to tens of thousands . .. Yet in these speculations every man was looking- to his own interest . Let us take the case of the Irish landlords turning the tenantry
off their , estates . They believed ; that , it was to their . owriadvantage . ^ Has it been advantageous to society ? They . denied teriantrrighttothefarriiers , while the fariners in turn denied the right to live to the labourers , and the result was the disorganisation of society ? and , while labourers were wandering with bundles of straw , on which . to sleep , with no other shelter than the Heaven , above , them , the land exhibited docks arid thistles where wheat formerly was grown . If the doctrine . did' not . hold food in Ireland ; could they possibly think it would old good in ; : England .: ;( Cheers . ) "Follow your own interest andyou will benefit the , interests of society , " was the creed , of the political economists , but he thou ght he had shown it to-be one calculated
to loosen allthe bonds of , society . It was also mairitained by Sir R :, Peel and the political economists , that ; to buy cheap and sell dear was the highest principle ¦ of commerce ; but he . would tell Sir R . Peel that although it might be the highest principle ! ofxonimere it was the . lowest in the scale of morality . ( Hear . ) , It , was a good . principle for the ' wealthy classes in Eriglandj whose property arid lands where in the hands of the few . ; They would frow richer by buying labour cheap and selling it ear ; while . they { the labourers ) would be ground into the d ' ust . . ( Cheers ;) The . doctrine nieant that in . tins ' country ' thb labourers should be ' worked like serfs ; and ' laitt aside when done with—worked like horses in the streets when' their labour was required , " and sent ; -afterwards * to the ' tan-yard . ( Cheers . ) There were boots , and coats ] . and shoes , out . of number manufactured by , tbe . Jfabourers of EnglandJjih g . ' still , unsold , ., How . : wasJt . that so many of themTiad naked backs and feet ? ( Cheers ' . ' ) If they produced , -it-appeared that they did riot
wear ^ - ( hear * r-if they worked , "¦ they did not enjoy the results of that work ; and if this state of things were to . continue , they had better go back at once toa / savage life . . ( Vociferous cheering . ) . He was riot there to support ariy party .. He was not about toe / trolhimself under . General Bright , or General Fewaridi or : General Cobden . It mattered little to him * which party succeeded if all . alike robbed the poor . and grew rich upon the spoil . ¦ .. ( Cheers . ) As regarded the silk-weavers , he called their attention to a'docuriierit , published by themselves ' , It wa 9 a bill to-Be- presented to parliament , and from the stateinents-in this bill he found'that their wages had ! undergone a -very ; . material , reduction . Ho found , onexamining . it , , the . followingstatement in the pfeamMe \~ " At and previously to June , 1824 , b y the authority'bf ari ' ac t bf parliambritthen ' repealed , a ' urii ' form' price of wages ' was paid by , each and ' allima stef' -fnanufa ' cturers-iu ! 'fipitalfields ' for each , description ; of fabricjr : iThe- average . weekly ^ mgK . of j , the ; , bperatiye . silk weaver : ia : ; 1824 / viknZ hoik : ' -1 -yii ' {¦¦¦ : ¦ , > . 1 -- ; .-. i ,: ! - - > - -- - ; ' - ^" ' ?
Admirable Speech Of Mr. Kydd On The Labo...
u ? f ?^ % l l < s t tK & ropealed , ^ khig'tlie whole body £ t , % ,., ? perati yej ^ mploye ^ andunemployedawioHe ' ensKmngsaSdsa Depnve'd . > df ' , legislative ' r ! regulatibh . ' :-there ' 'i 8 now no means , of readily aseeitaihing the 'laverajje weekly earnings of the whole body , of the employed andunemployed operative silk- ' woaVers ; . but ' accordiiig to the best approkimationtb an average which bari'be * made in Spitalfields , the average of 'the weekly earnings of the operative silk weaver is now ( taking the-unemploy ed and the partially employed with the employed of those remaining attached to the occupation-of-weaver ) , -only - 4 a . 9 d .- But tliia weekly ; average would be' much less if it included
tnose wno nave gone toother trades , or who have become perpetual paupers . " Now , ho , would , ask thenr what was thb effect' of all this 1 He would ask' if society had reaped a proportionate advantage to the evil of the reduced wages ? It was true , the aristocracy of . the land and the ladies of England were enabled to have cheap silk , but had they given more silks to the weavers or more bread to their cupboards ? ( Loud cheering . ) Was ' ndt , in ; fact , the very name of Spitalfielda' vroavei' a syrionymo for poverty ? ( Cheers . ) What had . the ¦ weaver gained ; ? : : If they reduced' his wages « they necessarily increased his taxes and his debts . ' ( Hear , hear . ) Another result of the system was the increased employment of women and children ; If
they would have the word cheapness they must also have the work of women ' and children ; and what was to become of the latter when they arrived at manhood ? They must work at similar wages , or not at aH . ( Immense cheering . ) What , -then , was the meaning of thb doctrine of cheapness , but that the whole frariiework of society should be inverted —that instead of a family being dependent upon the father , the father should- 'be dependent upon the family—that instead of the wife being , dependent on the husband , the husband must be dependent on the wife . ( Continued cheering . ) The Chancellor of the Exchequer had the means of calculating the probable iraports and exports of the kingdom , but he had no means of calculating the vast amount
of iirirnorality which must flow frorii such a system ' ( Loud chews . ' |; - What , the people required at : tho harids ' of ' Parliament was areg ' ulation ^ of labour . On a-former . occasion Mr . HuskiBson had said . to them , "Prove your case . " What was the meaning of that ? It-meant , " prove your case against society . " They were told , however , 'that the interests Of the few must give , way to those of the many ; and , accordingly , away went the silkweavers . When they were driven into poverty , they found it necessary to buy as cheap as they could , and they accordingly swelled the ranks of the cheap theorists against ; the hatter . ; The hatter struggled / but was forced to give way to the interests of the ¦ - .. many also ; and he likewise became an adherent to the doctrine
of ¦ cheapness . : The shoemaker was next attacked / and afterwarka ¦['¦ tho cabinetmaker , and thus on ; each . . . interest being , separately attacked—each being in itself the coriiparatiye few —until one wide ruin embraced them all ; the many , in point of fact , having been at least really sacrificed to the interests of the few ; ( Immense cheering . ) In the year 1824 , Mr . Broeklehursfc stated that his house had employed 500 weavers , who manufactured 6201 bs . of silk , to . whorii . they paid in : wages £ 370 , being an average < of 15 s . per week , but from which some deductions should be made reducing the average to 12 s . ' 8 d . In 1831 , they had also 500 weavers , " to whom they paid only £ 171 , averagirig from 6 s . to 6 s . 6 d . per week ; and they hadmannfacturod 8751 bs . of silk . Some would say , from this , that the silk trade was prosperous , and tell them to see how the manufacturers had succeeded . This was true enough ; but then the
workmen worked a great deal more ; and got a great deal less for it . ( Cheering . ) Mr . Kydd then proceeded . to impress on tho meeting , the necessity of urging parliament to adopt some princi ple for the regulation of labour . ' It had , most laudably , passed the Ten Hours Bill—a great arid god-like act-i-to protect ' factory ' children from being sacrificed to the . influence of Mammon ; but they should ask that their benevolence should-not stop there . Laws were tho application of man ' s wisdom to man ' s wants . So said Edmund Burke ,. and they should go to parliament and ask for the application of the principle to their own case . ( Cheers . ) The question before them was not a question of Toryism , or Whigism , or Chartism , but a question of labour , the object being that the labourer should get a fair portion of what he produced—that the ox which treadeth out- she corn should not be deprived- of- its share . of the , ; result . ( Loud Cheering . )
Mr . Brown thought one of-the causes of the distress of the labouring classes was to be attributed to drink , - and he therefore strongly urged upon the meeting the formation of temperance' societies asaremedyi ' . .. ,--,.-.. ¦ Mr . Fox said , that in the year , 1824 Mr . Huskisson , in the' alterations he had made in , the custom duties , had laid the foundation of the ; ruin of ' the silk' weavers . So ¦ detrimental was that alteration , and so low had fallen their wages that , in 1834 , / he formed , one of a deputation which waited ' upon Mr . Hume , for the . purpose of soliciting his aid in laying their case before parliament ... Mr .
Hume , who was certainly a very honest man , was opposed to these views ; Tlley assured him [ that unless protection was restored they ; must bo ruined , and to escape starvation must seek for a repeal of the corn laws . Mr . Hume immediately replied that that was the object they had in view ; they wanted to' destroy all the weaker interests , in order to make them all join in one body to demand a repeal of the corn laws . He was an- advocate for some legislative interference for the regulation of labour . ( Hear , hear . ) Several other persons addressed the meeting to a similar effect , but our space will not permit us to give their speeches . : It was late before the meeting separated .
' Protection Meetings. Cletela^D, Yorksh...
' PROTECTION MEETINGS . CLETELA ^ D , YORKSHIRE . ' ; TRinMPH OVEB THE PKOTKCTION 1 ST 3 . Stokesley , one of the largest towns in the district of Cleveland , in Yorkshire , on , Saturday ; presented a scene of unusual animation , by the holding of a Protectionist meeting in the large room of the New Mill ; Great exertions had been made to secure the attendance of a large number of landowners and tenant-farmers , but the , weather was very inclement , and the number of agriculturists was much less than had been anticipated . Placards'had been posted in the district , and the attendance of all such persons as were favourable to protection to every British interest was requested , but at the time of meeting ( 12 o ' clock ) there was only a small muster ,
the meeting being chiefly composed of . free-traders . The proceedings were adjourned until half-past two , at which time there Was a good attendance , and several flags bad been placed at the ' bbttorii of the room , bearing free trade iriottoesj arid on one of thenr was inscribed the words "Peel , Cobden , and Bright for ever . " ; -Some delay ; occurred in the appointment . of chairman , but at length Mr . - John Richardson , of Langborough , a member of the Society of Friends , was proposed . . His nomination , however , was opposed by the Free Traders , although he was ultimately permitted to take the chair , ' Mr . Button , a printer and freetrader , haying explained that , ho would , act impartially . —Tho Chairman made some rather lengthy remarks , the purport of whichwas , that it . was quite true the people wanted
protection , but what they required was protection from unjust taxation ; and unless they could get that it was of very little use obtaining protection for anything else . He thought -the . , suffrage ought , to be extended , and that" the great triple alliance " of the church , the army , and the navy ; ought to be . reformed . And he also was of opinion that they wanted protection against the irresponsible powers ? tho magistratosiin levying and expending the county money . without the control of the ratepayersi-r-Mr . ' Biggins , a farmer , * briefl y moved , amidst interruption , a resolution , expressive of the opinion of the meeting , that the present agricultural distress is consequent upon the adoption of the principles of free trade in agricultural produce , and that it is impossible for the . British agriculturist
, unprotected ,. to compete with'foreigners , fettered as we are with " heavy taxation . —The Rev . C . On tor ( rector of Stokesley ) seconded the- resolution ' , amidst cries of'" Down with your tithes , " die . —In opposition to ; this resolution' an amendment was proposedby Mr ; Button , to the effect that free trade so ; far had answered their expectations , ; , and , they earnestly prayed that no alteration , be riiade as to the importation of grain . —The Rev . W . C . Dririe of Guisborough , seconded the amendriienti—The two propositions were then put to the vote , ' arid there was a- ^ yery considerable majority in favour of the amendnient . - ^ Mr . Loy ; moved a , resolution for a petition to be presented to "her Majesty , praying that Bhe ' . woula . ' dissolve parliairienti in ' order
that the sense of the country might bo taken as to the best means of avoiding threatened ruin . —Mr ; Harrison , > seconded the motion , amidst much confusion and noise . —An amendment- was : proposed praying her Majesty to dismiss the present ,, ministry , and to call men into the cabinet ' who would carry'to a greater extent the principles of free trade and ¦ of financial reform . —Mr . jDownes ; in seconding the amendment , ' observed that if tho landlords of this country would follow the example which had been set them by . Mr . Lawson , -of Boroughbridge , who had his farms revalued to suit present prices ; they ; would enable their tenants to live by those prices . ( Cheers . ) This amendment was also . adopted , ' ; after which tho meeting quietly dispersed . ... ¦ : ; ,. , .. . ;; -. " - ' ¦ .. " - ; - ; : ¦ : - " . ' '
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' : ]/; ';¦' . ';¦ ;; ^ 6 AiraiM , ' ; "RyTLAM ) r ' " ; ' " . ' :,, ^ On Monday a . Protectionist ' riiebtiri g . was held at Oakham , the Hi gh-Sheriff ; * J . T .- Spririgthbrpe , ' in the chair .-- On theplatforrii' " were , - Lord / Biirghley MiP . y the Hon . ia .- J . ' Noel / MJP . i- Mr . •«' JJ ;* aeathcote , M . P ., and , Mr ,: BtaffordjiM , Pi * i'The ! Marq ui 3 o : ;; .:-. ' ; v ; : :: ' : ; . ' - ;[; l . j ' u . r . I :::-, . whvu vxu . ' :. Uhii-: d bz-h ' - i }^ 'yvyiil-ii . c-V / v : j ^ i'r ^ iUo
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Camden moved the first resolution . After briefly MSKSgJ & lhej ^^^^ return to protection duties -to--bo ~ W o niy - mi remedy ^ for'the " present ; distress ; - ' * thb ribble ' ldrd moved tho , following , res 61 utjon ,, whick was , seconded by Mr- " SaViIlb , a ' teriant fameri ' arid carried unanimously : — 'I That it is'the ' - opinion ' . ' of th | a meeting that the 'distress now ;^ xisting " ambhgst agricuf turists . ioocasioned b ' the unlimited competition of untaxed foreign produce ; is unparalleled for severity in the annals of / British : history , ! while those connected with and [ dependent Upon them for support are suffering privations , ' alike unheard of and Unknown at ' any fbrmer ; peribd , ; and which . must result in the ¦ inevitable ruin " of agriculture , ;
commerce , and . manufactures . "!—George Finch , Esq ., then came forward to move the second resolution : —" -That it is the opinion of . this '' meeting . ' that the pernicious principles ., of Free Tradohiive , completely prostrated bur West Indian and have severely injured ' our other colonies , and unless a timely remedy be-applied they ; will ultimately lead to-the dismemberment of our . vast ' . and valuable colonial empire , while tho destruction of our glorious morchdnt ; . navy , is threatened by the , same unjust' and ruinous , policy . " ~ Mr . / E . Wbrtley seconded the resolution , which , was then carried unanimously . — Mr .. Heathcote , - M . P ., then proposed the' third resolution , determining upon , petitions'to parliament , tO'be . preserited' to the respective' houses by
the JSarl of Gainsborough . arid the Hon , G . J . Noel . — -The Hon . G . J . / Noel ; seconded tiie resolution , which was carried unanimously . —Mr . ' Cheetham , a tenant farmer , proposed the fourth rosolutipn , which had reference to advertising thb proceedings of the meeting . After touching on seme more general matters , he went on to say that in his leisure moments he could net help thinking that phantoms of ruined farmers -would haunt the sleeping pillow of Sir Robert Peel : Knowing how much he was execrated , he really should think he mnst move about in fear and dread . v ( Hear , hear . ) —Mr . Stafford , M . P ., seconded the resolution . He said , though ho had often heard : Mr . Villiers speak in plainclothes , he had neVer yet ' heardhimina court dreii' and it . was astonishing what a change of coat often effected—as great a , change sometirnes as a turn of the coat —( cheers , and laughter : ) and
no shquldnot be theleast surprised If : Mr . Villiers was in colloquial language , to "draw it very mild . " ( Cheers and laughter . ) The only question WAS whether the land was to be Kept in , cultivation or not . ( Hear . ) They had hitherto / with some ungenial soil arid always . an -. unccrtain climate , carried agriculture to such a pitch that they were not ashamed to compare it with any other country in the world : So much for their agriculture . Politicall y we had so fashioned , so mbdified , so reformed our constitution that surrounding nations when they wish to lay the . foundation of their own prosperity , never could do . better than follow the plan which we had . traced , oiit . ' And as with ; the plongh , so with ourpolitical . position . . , Where the plough had Been there / the ploiigo should , go , and-where our territorial interest had" been powerful they should be powerful still , arid' they would not ' . consent to abandon their lands to barrenness , or their interests , to : those who would / destroy them ' . —The iresolution was then carried unanimously , and after a vote of thanks to the sheriff , tht meeting , which was saidto , be tho largest ' . that had been held in Rutlandshire for many yeats , separated .
Swappham, Norfolk. On Monday, Pursuant T...
SWAPPHAM , NORFOLK . On Monday , pursuant to a requisition to the high sheriff of Norfolk , signed by . 3 , 000 persons , a very large meeting of the agriculturists of the western division of this county was' hold in the Shire-hall at Swaftham . The High Sheriff ; ( Col . Mason ) took the chair , Lord Oxford moved the . following resolution : — " That the condition of the agricultural , commercial , shipping , and industrial classes in all parts of the British dominions , is one of great anxiety and depression ; that this depression is daily increasing , and is calculated to arouse the most serious apprehensions for the future . "—Mr . Douglas Lynes seconded the resolution , but found it impossible to obtain a hearing for a long time , there
anpearing to be ¦ a determination on the part bf the Free Traders in the hall not to listen . He said it was the first time that he had appeared in public , and ho thanked them for tho kind ¦ reception they hadgiverthim . He would stand there until they did hear him . ( Great confusion . )—The " Chairman seeing tliat . it was impossible to proceed in the hall , adjourned the , meeting to the front of the building . '—Mr . Lyrics then resumed . He contended / that the labourer could not live . Without protection ; nor could the . tenant-farmer do so ; He hoped protection would be the first question that would be brought before parliament , so'that they might test their representatives , and weed the wolves from the sheep . ( Cheers . ) The resolution was - carried , —W . ' B . Smith , Esq ., moved the second resolution . He considered this was a poor man ' s question , for in these things the weakest always went to the wall
first . ( Cheers . ) . After . them it ; becamesa , tenantfarmer ' s question ; arid lastly , the , landlord ' s . ~ Hc moved— ' That this depression is owing principally to recent legislative enactments , and that nothing but a return to a protective policy can restore and ensure permanent prosperity to agriculture , trade , arid commerce . "—Mr . Spencer , of Hitcham , seconded the resolution . The resolution was carried . —The Hon . H . W . Wilson moved the third resolution as follows : —• " That an address in accordance with tho above resolutions be presented to her Majesty , praying a return to a protective policy . "The Rev . J . F . Francklin seconded the resolution , whichwas carried . Petitions were then adopted to both Houses of Parliament , jmd it having been agreed that Lord Sondes Tshoulu present the petition to the Lords , and Mr . Bagge the petition to the Commons , the meeting separated .
Triumph Of Free Trade In The County Of B...
TRIUMPH OF FREE TRADE IN THE COUNTY OF BRECON . A county meeting , held a t Brecon , on Saturday last , resulted in a decision which- protectionists would hardly have antici pated in the centre of an agiicultural county . The meeting-had been convened by Colonel-Pearce , the high sheriff , in pursuance of two requisitions—one from a small party of "fixed duty ' men aridthe other headed by Lord Hereford , and signed by about 1 , 500 persons , in favour of thoroughgoing . " protection . " The large Shire-hall was filled by twelve o ' clock ; when Mr . P . Williams , an extensive landowner , moved a protectionist resolution , seconded by Mr . J & .
Williams , a wealthy yeoman . —Mr . J . Lloyd , of Diniis , moved the following amendment : — " That this meeting looks forward to a removal of the agricultural distress , not from a return to protection , but from the extension of commerce , a careful revision and adjustment of local and general taxation , and strict economy in the expenditure of the state . " The resolution was seconded b y Mr . Parry De Winton , banker and landowner , and Was carried by a show of hands , the high sheriff , though himself a strenuous protectionist , declaring that the . majority was ' decidedly in ; favour of free , trade . A : petition in favour of economy and retrenchment , and any other means of relief " consistent with the retention of the existing restrictions relating to foreign imports and strict'justice to all the other interests of this great and powerful nation , " was moved by Mr . John Jones , chairman of quarter sessions , ' and seconded by the Rev . Hugh Bold , a county magistrate . The
protectionists felt it of no . avail to offer any further opposition ; but some of their number objected to its being signed by the sheriff on behalf of the meeting ; that officer , however , stated that he considered it his . duty to register the decision of the majority , and aflSxed his name- to the document amid loud cheering . —Mr . J . Bayley , M . P . for the county , though he had spoken in support of the original resolution , professed his readiness to present tho petition'in obedience to the wish of the meeting .-Thanks were then ; voted by acclamation to the high sheriff , arid the meeting separated with three groans for protection . / The result-is peculiarly gratifying , inasmuch as it has not been producedby violence arid intimidation , but was the consequence of nearly four ' hours' close and able debate in the utmost good humour , cheering being answered only'by counter-cheering , and banter from the one side only calling forth jocular repartees from the other .
A Pbotkciionisi Mbetino Took Place At Pr...
A Pbotkciionisi Mbetino took place at Presteign on Tuesday , in the Shire-hall , pursuant to a , requisition presented to the High-Sheriff , who presided , and there were ' about' 500 persons , present . : Resolutions expressive of the alarm with which the meeting viewed the depreciation of every species of agricultural produce , which had followed the abolition of protection , and calling on the legislature to interfere , to avert the ruin which' the adoption of free trade theories threatened to bring on the agricultural classes of the comniunity , by re-imposing such a moderate amount of protection as would enable cultivators of the British soil to compete with foreigners in . the home market , were proposed and carried in spite of the opposition of a large number of Free Traders ; who attended themeeting . : '
The Buckingham Protectionists . had a meeting on Tuesday , in their Town-hall , for the purpose of discussing a dinner , and denouncing , free trade . Several speeches of the usual character were made , but the chief notables of the county sent apologetic letters , and remained away . The Duke of Buckingham ' s communication helaouta hope that . he might attend the next meeting , and Mr-Disraeli wrote as follows ;—" "London , January 23 , 18 ( 50 , —Ij ; is impossible for me to be at Buckingham tb-mbitow to meet my constituents , but my heart is with , . them , arid I am ' only detained hero , 'by . couricils ; for their
welfare ., I have not evenVtitno . to . , ; write : aoformal note to express my regrets ,-but Itruifctoyoitr kindlOBsto communioato them : It will , always give nio sincere ; gratification to ' 'bb-opei ate wRh . ' hiy ' Lord Cha'ridosT" ''Aletter'frbinMr . Du-Prelcomplairied bf the shortness of the ' notice , but at the bathe . time expressed his -most : anxious . desiro ! to ;? cooperate with that most excellent noVlemari ' j Lord-Ohandos ' r ' . - ¦ , >< i -. !' i , -, . * ( * . - ,-ii , " ;« jiii- > i ) fi- ! 'L v !) - * - ' ¦ l - ^ = - ; - ' :. '; ¦"' ¦ . '; - , ¦ .-r . il ,. '; „ \ , ^ , M ^ % ^ --: y ^ £
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^' Tjneqwlioaybbnmbhts, Arenecessarjly^O...
^' TJNEQWLioayBBNMBHTs , arenecessarjly ^ ounded in ignorance , ' arid'they ' must be . ' supported by ignorance . ; to deviate from their principle would bo voi luntary ' suicido . The first great Object of their policy is to perpetuate th « 1 t " u . ndisturbed ignorance of tho people , -which is thb companion of poverty , tho parent of crimes , and the pillar of tho state . — Barlow . ¦ - •';;' ¦ ¦; --- ¦¦ '' ¦ '¦ . ' ¦¦ ' A painter , .-who had turned a physician , wasasked why he had quitted his profession . " Because , " replied he , " my former business exhibited , my mis « takesin too glaring a manner , therefore I have now chosen one in which they will be buried . " When the streets , last week , were a perfect glaze of ice , a lady" pedestrian in Piecadillyiost her ha " , lance ^ ndfcll . A genuine son of the Green Isle , ' on assisting to raise tho lad y , exclaimed , "Faith , ' ye must bo a lovely good lady ; for don ' t the Blessed Book teach us that it is the wicked that stand on slippery places . " - , ' ,,.,
Dr . Stbvellt , m an instructive paper on the hotbkst fui'naco , Stat 69 that of the men employed at this work , especially at the puddling furnace ; not one ever lived beyond the age of 28 . . At a printer ' s festival in . Washington the following was a regular toast— "Woman—the fairest work of creation ; the edition being extensive , let no man be without a copy . " A Quack ' s Theory . —Jaundice proceeds from many myriads of little flies , of a yellow colour , ¦ whioh-fly-about-the-system . Now , to- cure this , I make the patient take a certain quantity of the ova ,
or eggs of spiders . ' - ' These eggs , when taken into the stomach , by the warmth of that : organ , vivify , and being vivified , of course they immediately pro * ceed to catch the flies ; thus the disease is cured , and I then send the patient down to the sea-side , to wash all the cobwebs out of the system . The notorious American fanatic , generally known as "Father Miller , " who predicted the destruction of the world and the second coming of Christ in the year 1843 , and formed a sect of some 40 , 000 disciples , died bri the ; 20 th December , aged " sixtyeight . . ' . ' ' . ' ' . ' ' . ..- ' : / ' : ' . " . '" " ¦;'¦"
. ; RBConns op a Head-Dress . —At the Jiall at Nottingham ( says the \ Sporting Review ) ,. in honour of Lord Howe ' s victory of the . 1 st of . June , 1794 , amid the glare of diamonds , pearls , and other jewels , ostriach feathers arid flowers , Mrs . Muster ' s head « dress waajwith ' admirable taste , a simple wreath , fprme'd from a branch of natural ' ,-oak ; three acorris from this chaste arid apposite appendage were , after breakfast the following morning ,-planted in presence of the company . by the Countess Howo , on the lawn at Col wick ; all the , acorns grew , were "tenderly cared for , " and arenow handsome trees . The strength ! of government does not consist in anything within itself , but in the attachment of a nation , and the interest which the people feel in
supporting it . When this is lost , government is but a child in power ; and though / like the old goverrimerit ' of France , it may harrass individuals for a time , , it but facilitates its own fall . Time to Begin . —At the Liverpool police court an Irishwoman , charged with an assault upon one of her own countrywomen , palliated her conduct by saying that she never interfered until she was mur-. dered with a poker . '¦'• ' . ., - . Base Coin . —A large number of half-crowns have been just seized by the authorities , and it is supposed that there are many more still in circulation . The principal ingredient in their composition is bismuth , and they t are finished by electro-plating . ' They bear date , Geo . III ., 1817 ; Geo ., HI ., 1819 ; and Geo . IV ., 1826 . The coin is one of the best
imitations over executed ; and their ring is precisely : thesame as the genuine pieces , thus making it necessary to be doubly cautious . A Turkish PnoPHEcr . —The Turks have a presentiment that their days are well nigh numbered , andon account of . this they bury their dead on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus . A book , which they regard as canonical and holy , predicts the downfall of the Western Empire four hundred years after its establishment , which period , reckoning in lunar years , the Mahomedan mode of computing time , will expire in 1853 . —Scenes in the East . "Aril Mr . SiMPKiNS , ' we have not chairs enough for our company , " said a-gay wife'to her frugal husband . " Plenty , of chairs , duckey , but a ' . little
too . much company , replied Mr . Simpkius , with a knowing wink . The Brick Tax . —We know that it is the wish of most persons to improve the condition of the working man , and many , plans have been mentioned as likely to do so . I know of no step so likely to do this as the repeal of this duty , as we know that most of the working classes are laudably anxious to have a house of their own , and would exert themselves every way to get one , which is proved by the number of building societies established amongst us . It would also benefit the ground landlords very materially , by causing-land now letting as grass land for £ 5 or £ 6 an acre , to be worth £ 50 or £ 60 per acre ; besides the reversion j which would be the case if tlie coat of " building was lowered , as it would enable persons to make roadways to gro . und lying a distance from the public roads . . ' . ' . Ic would also give scope to the enterprise of .. our industrious middle
classes , and instead of calling upon them to . leave the land of , their birth to improve other lands , they riught benefit th ^ ir own . If we look at the tax upon bricks—a most important article , so-far as the comfort and welfare of the people are concernedwo seirat once how it operates as a check to sanitary improvements . The amount of duty runs as follows :- ^" 1839 ; £ 450 , 6 G 5 184 S ......... £ 335 , 464 1840 ' 509 , 794 1844 „ .. 495 , 730 1841 ......... 430 , 841 . 1845 558 , 415 Use of Chemistry . —Among other experiments the powers of the bleaching liquids were exhibited . Soon after , the exhibition , two of the old wives of Kilmany had the following colloquy . " Our minister , " said the one , " is naething short of a warlock ; he was teaching the folk to clean claes without soap . " "Ayt woman , " was the reply , "I wish he would teach ine to make parritch without meal . "Hawnds Life of ' Dr . Chalmers .
The President ' s Message . — " We are at peace with all the world , and we seek to maintain our cherished relations of amity with the rest ofmankind . " . A Paper Devoubbr . —In the Bank of England no fewer than sixty folio volumes , or ledgers , are daily filled with writing in keeping the accounts . To produce these sixty volumes , the paper having been previously manufactured elsewhere , eight men three steam-presses , ; and two hand-presses , are continually kept going within , the Bank ! In the copperplate printing department , twenty-eight thousand bank-notes are thrown off daily ; and so accurately is the number indicated by machinery , that to purloin a single note without detection is an
impossibility . CnxoBOFORSx is now-used for -poaching purposes . A gamekeeper , a few days ago , took a man in Windsor Great Park , and found upon him five rabbits apparently stupificd . His attention was next drawn to several p ieces of fern stuck upright in the ground , with pieces of paper attached to them , and it was afterwards discovered that they ' had been steeped in chloroform , and were undoubtedly the means by which he had entrapped his game . Thb Treatment or Chilblains . —In the earliest stage , friction either employed dry . or with brandy , or . camphorated spirit 8 k is the simplest and host means ; when the parts have become red and shining , but before ulceration has ^ a ' ken place , the following a ' pplibatiorirriay be used with the greatest
advantage ; - ^ Take camphor , one drachm ; essential oil of turpentine , eight ounces . Dissolve and employ as an embrocation . After ulceration has coriimenced , the best remedy is an ointment thus made ; —Take lard , one ounce ; Goulard ' s extract , twelve drops ; extract of opium , three grains ; creosote , ten drops . Mix , and spread on old rag or lint , and : apply to the sore nig ht and morning ; a bread poultice to clean tho' wound may be occasionally requisite . —Family P % sicicwi . Lusus Natubje . —On Christmas eve a Mrs . Fletcher , of Stoney Ford , Derbyshire , was delivered of female twins , fully developed in every respect s andr at their full time ,, but united together from their chest downwards . . They . were stiu born . ; : , How to Polish a Young Man . —We read in a
Sheffield paper that "the last polish to a piece ot cutlery is given by the hand of woman . " The same maybe said of human cutlery : that" the last polish to a young blade is given by his mixing with feriialo society . "—Punch . A lecture was lately delivered , by a genius calling ; himself Porolok , at the Working Man ' s Hall , Keig hley , to prove that the world was not round , but flat like a pancake . Some of his " audience asked him what sort of a fence there was round the edges ! " Shall wk take a 'bus at Charing Cross ? " said a young Cockney , who was showing the wonders of the metropolis to his country cousin . "O dear no ! " said the alarmed maiden , " I could not allow such a thing in so public a thoroughfare . -Oiffi-op-tlie-aons-of-Bacohus , ft resident in Montrose , furtively tapped a hogshead m an alley , the other night , and applied himself to the enjoyment of its contents , which turned out to be ~ , liquid manure ! •_; •'" .. . ¦ . . '• ' : :
Why is a dog ' s tail like the heart of a tree ?—Because it is farthest from the bark ,., A solkmn , belief prevails in Russia that no ; Czau canroign more than twenty-five years in Prussia , and next year is the fatal term . - If you would have a faithful servant , and one that you like , serve yourself . : Erasmus , who was of a sickly oonstiution , and had therefore obtained . a , dispensation . for eating flesh in times of abstinence ^ -was reproached by the Pope for not observing Lent . ' - > " J assure- your holiness that'niy heart is ii Oathblio one ; buti must - eon * tess that I have a ' Luth ' eraii stbmach , ! ' he . replied . : . A , riian , reoently . tried : spft spap ' . / tp sriiooth ,. 'tho harshness of f » is wife ' s tongue ; " it , tbbk off a , little of the roughness i biit'riiade it-run ^ foster ,:: and little more glibl y * ' " ' ¦ ' "'¦ ;'; *" ;; ' , '' ; " ' ' [ ' ^ ' ^ f ^ - / : ^ . ' U-:,:. /^ J :: .- ' - ¦ .- ¦ ' - . ^ > - . "'• ¦ ¦ ' - - <> . , ; : ¦ ¦¦ ' % { .. \
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 2, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_02021850/page/3/
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