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i March 3, 1849. ^^ THE NORTHERN STAR. t...
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tn^-a ^octrp.
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THE BAffiXS O' THE MILL. Air—Calm Dewy M...
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Sweet spring sune shall garland the will...
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TO MY COUNTRY, Air— Grama e'ree. The lon...
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Ifctiieto*
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THE COMMONWEALTH. No. IL March. London: ...
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The National Debt, and PublicFunds, simp...
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The National Reform Almanack, for 1849. ...
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PAMPHLETS. 1. An Appeal to the Chartists...
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Received :—Unreformed Abuses in Church a...
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public Amusements
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SADLER'S WELLS THEATRE. Beaumont and Fle...
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Save us from our Friends.—Most of our mi...
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LOUIS BLATJC: THE HISTORY OF TEN TEARS. ...
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Inclined and not Inclined.—" Why dont yo...
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Public Petitions.—Every member presentin...
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Varirtoe
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Anecdote of Ci:omwi:i.l—In the year 1&57...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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I March 3, 1849. ^^ The Northern Star. T...
i March 3 , 1849 . ^^ THE NORTHERN STAR . . i ¦ '¦*" Ti ¦—;— l————¦ - —— ———
Tn^-A ^Octrp.
tn ^ -a ^ octrp .
The Baffixs O' The Mill. Air—Calm Dewy M...
THE BAffiXS O' THE MILL . Air—Calm Dewy Mornin ' . Have you heard on acauld wintry mornin * , When snaw mantled muirlaud and hill , The horn or the beU loudly warnin ' The barefooted bairns to the null ? Sae dinsome it rings through ilk dwellin ' That sleep flees thepuir bairnies' e ' en While , waefu ' , the mother is caUin ' To rise , her wee Johnie and Jean . Wi' puir trcmblin' forms and wan faces , They ' re roused frae midst tatters and straw A sicht which old Scotia disgraces—A sicht which our sires never saw . The wee ra < rgit things then maun wander Awa through the cauld Crispin' snaw , To toil midst the mill ' s boomin' thunder , While duUdreary time flits awa ' .
Sweet Spring Sune Shall Garland The Will...
Sweet spring sune shall garland the willow , And blossom the rose in the glen , "While winter afar o ' er the billow Maun flee to Ms dark norlan glen . The gay rosy morn then shall gladden Uk wee thing that wanders at will , But , ah ! how the breists it will sadden Of bairnies confined to tbe mill . O when shall the laws of our country Bringjoy to the bairnies of toil , Or when shall tbe kist and tbe pantry In plenty ' s embrace greet their smile ? The Power wha can calm the wild ocean His word this-great end can fulfil , To Mm then in fervent devotion 0 pray for the bairns of tbe mill ! Follokshaws . Thomas "Waisos
To My Country, Air— Grama E'Ree. The Lon...
TO MY COUNTRY , Air— Grama e ' ree . The long , longwished for hour has come , But come , mastore , in vain , And left the unavailing hum Of sorrow and of pain . My light of life , my lonely love , Thy portion sure must be The scorn of man , wrath from above , A cushla gal ma crec . 'Twas told of thee , the world around , 'Twas hoped by thee from aU , That with one gallant sunward bound , Thou'dst burst Ion ? ages' thndl ;
Thy faith was tried , alas ! and those Who perilled all for the < j"Were cursed and branded as thy foes , A cushla gal ma c ' ree . What fate is thine , unhappy Isle ! That even the trusted few Should pay thee back with fraud and guile Where most they should be true ; 'Twas not thy strength or spirit failed , Xor those whose souls were free , By moral force thou ivert deceived , A cushla gal ma c ree . Fve given thee my youth and prime , And manhood ' s waning years , I ' ve blest thee in thy sunniest time , And shed with thee my tears ; And mother , though thou ' st cast away The child who'd die for thee ,
My fondest heart-pulse thrills for ay , A cushla gal ma c ' ree . Fve tracked for thee the mountain sides , And slept within the brake , More lonely than the swan that glides O ' er Lua ' s fairy lake ; The rich have spurned me from their door , Because I'd set thee free , Yet do I love thee more and more , A cushla gal ma c ' ree . I ' ve run the outlaw ' s dark career , And borne his load of ill , His troubled rest , his waking fear , With fixed sustaining will ; And should his last dread chance befal , E ' en that win welcome he , In death Til love thee more than aU , A cushla gal ma c ' ree . Cork Examiner . Michael Dohekt .
Ifctiieto*
Ifctiieto *
The Commonwealth. No. Il March. London: ...
THE COMMONWEALTH . No . IL March . London : 16 , Great TTindmillstreet , Haymarket , Ock readers may remember that we extracted from the first number of this Magazine , a paper on the writings of Louis Blanc . The half-critical , half-biographical review of that eminent man , is continued in the number of the Commonwealth for March , and that continuation we have transferred to another part of this page of the Star . Our " wholesale appropriation" of the article in question , sufficiently speaks our sense of its merits . AVemay add that we are equally well p leased with the general contents of this number of the Commonwealth—really a talented and worthy champion of the cause of Democratic and Social
Reform . "The Crime of the Government against the People" is the title of * a powerfully-written article on the neglect of themental , moral , and social culture of the masses , hy their aristocratical ' * pastors and masters . " Fourteen years ago , Lord John Russell—then Secretary of State in the Melbourne Administration , observed in the course of one of his parliamentary orationsj that : — "A State is culpable in its punishment for offences , while it fails to use its most strenuous efforts for their pretention . " On this text the editor of the Commonwealth founds his "discourse ; " a " discourse , " we Avill assert , containing more wholesome truth and sound doctrine than our
readers are likely to hear preached from any pulpit in any church or chapel between John O'Groat's and the Land ' s End—excepting , perhaps , some half-dozen , whose preachers are anything but orthodox . How Orthodoxypolitical and relig ious— -governs the people , is well set forth in the following comments on "Eagged Schools " : — According to Lord Ashley ' s showing , not less than 30 , 000 boys and g irls are growing up in this metropolis , without home , occupation , or instruction , in the ordinary acceptation of these terms . They are a class of outlaws who constitute the j-abulum of our criminal armv ; materiel from wMch
its numbers and strength are continually recruited . In every large town , at least the same proportion oi outcasts iliay be found , predoomed , as it were , to grow up into criminals , if not cut off by disease before arriving at an age which fits them to join in depredations upon society . The establishment of a meagrely supported word-mongcring school , for a few scores or hundreds of these unhappy victims of a bad organisation of society , or tbe annual fitting out of half a hundred of the best conducted of such scholars for our colonies , seems to us _ a hideous mockery of the admitted gigantic proportions of this social evil . "We must find room for the following graphic picture of the working of the judicial portion of
otjb glorious institutions . t The ignorant law-breaker is offered up to the laws vindictiveness with a " pomp and circumstance analogous to that wMch distinguished the sacrifice of human victims in some of the sanguinary religions of antiquitv . The judge is marshallca into the assize town with the sound of trumpets and the ringing of bells ; his horses are richly caparisoned ; be is surrounded by the noble and wealthy , the learned and the wise " . He makes a ceremonial visit to tbe stately cathedral or antique parish church , as a solemn preparation for the discharge of his task ; and having thus given a sacred character to it , he ascends tbe judgment-seat and dooms Ms
fellow-creatures to stripes , chains , dungeons and death . That being done , he dines with the sheriffs , the corporations , the lawyers and magistrates , and toasts , with three times three , " Our glorious constitution in Church and State . " Alas I did we rightly comprehend our duties and interests as human beings and children of one common parent , such proceedings would not be tolerated . The entrance of a judge into a town would be a season for general mourning ; streets would be hung ¦ withblack ; be lls wouldbe muffled , and theday would be one of solemn grief that such a visitation had come upon it Cholera and pestilence are dreaded , and the prospect of their approach rouses into activity theinstinct of self-preservation . Why should it he otherwise with this moral pestilence phich
walks abroad more deadly to ail tne mgneSt am , noblest interests of society than any *««*™* ; ever virulent The withering miasma f Jgnom . ce extends its inflaenoe through every ramification of the social machine , ^ . engenders lajleBsness , ropery , cMmnery , and injustice * aHdn * cto »« . Arizes , quarter-sessions , and other courts , judges , assistarnvjudges , and the host of Sensed hwyere , impotent law judges ofthe act-hut , m the ™ P ™ 7 ofuTstauccstficro itstops . Of motives it does not fikecomizance- and where it does , fails to act effideSf un tile knowledge . B « Pri .. hi the exercW this awful powerit PB ™**^*^ but bow futile are its punishments ! ™ c coeicon ofthe body does not convince or a ter the mind , it
The Commonwealth. No. Il March. London: ...
only hardens stui more the hardened offender ; and the inutility , the cost , the grievous failure of our past efforts ' ought to convince us that penal statutes , public executions , and all the paraphernalia of force , are a huge mistake , and lead us to substitute intellectual , moral , and industrial training in their place . The elaborate and excellent article on "Home Colonies in the Netherlands , " would alone justif y us in earnestl y recommending this number of the Commonwealth to the friends of social reform . At the moment that the attention of the London Trades is being directed to the important subject of Home Colonisation , this article , showing the working of that system in Holland , is , indeed , well timed . Democratic and Social Reformers will serve their own cause b y doing their best to promote tbe circulation of the Commonwealth . - __ . v , .... .. , , , v ,
The National Debt, And Publicfunds, Simp...
The National Debt , and PublicFunds , simplified for general comprehension , & c ., & c . By Justin Brejjax . London : E . Wilson , Royal Exchange . We have much leasure in recommending this cheap and useful little book to that very numerous portion of the public unacquainted with the nature and distribution of the Debt called "National ; " and the management and working ofthe Government Funds . An attentive perusal of this work is all that is necessary to render every one enli g htened on the important matters it treats of . All those who desire to penetrate that " mystery of iniquity "the funding system , will do well to study Mr . Brenan ' shook , as a necessary introduction to works of loftier pretensions .
The National Reform Almanack, For 1849. ...
The National Reform Almanack , for 1849 . Xew York , U . S . : published at the office of " Young America , 56 , Chatham-street . "A Free Soil for a Free People , " is the admirable motto emblazoned on the title-page of this Almanack . We may observe , that without a Free Soil , a Free People is not possible . Polititical Institutions may confer' the means of establishing a state of Freedom , but the actual amount of freedom enjoyed by a people will depend upon their Social Institutions . The National Reformers of America
deserve the good wishes of all true Democrats , for their efforts towards making the Declaration of Independence a verity . May they succeed ! We hope to make use , on a future occasion , of some of the valuable matter contained in this Almanack . We are glad to learn that there are now , in the entire Union , not less than two hundred and fifty Newspapers devoted , or favourable to the National Reform Movement . This progress , in five years , is most encouraging , and gives promise of a final , and not very distant , national triumph .
Pamphlets. 1. An Appeal To The Chartists...
PAMPHLETS . 1 . An Appeal to the Chartists Proper , & c . —2 . Draft of a National Franchise Bill . —3 . State Education Vindicated , & c . —1 . Free T .-ade , " not proven , " & c . By It . Oastxek , Esq . 1 . The author , who entitles himself " The Pimlico Hermit" has written sixteen pages of exquisite twaddle , devoted to abuse of "Red Republicans , " "Communists , " & c . ; laudations of the aristocracy , and denunciation of Cobden and his movement . Our verdict on this pampldet will be best expressed b y the Americanism—bosh !—2 . A pamphlet published by the " National Franchise Union of Great Britain and Ireland , originated in
Liverpool , on the 22 nd of January , 1849 . " The outline of a Bill to establish Universal Suffrage is g iven . The other points of the Charter , with the exception ofthe Ballot , are omitted" because on some of those points many persons do not and never would agree , who are yet desirous of extending the Franchise to the whole people . "—3 . In a well-written pamphlet Mr . T . Emehy vindicates State Education from the objections of the votaries of Voluntaryism . —4 . An exposition of Mr . Oastler ' s views on "Free Trade , " in a series of letters to the People of England ; with an introductory address to R . Cobdex , M . P . Well worth y attentive perusal and general circnlafion .
Received :—Unreformed Abuses In Church A...
Received : —Unreformed Abuses in Church and State , & c . & c . By John Wade .
Public Amusements
public Amusements
Sadler's Wells Theatre. Beaumont And Fle...
SADLER ' S WELLS THEATRE . Beaumont and Fletcher ' s play of the Honest Man ' s Fortune remodelled by Mr . R . H . Home , was revived here on Wednesday night . The story is very artificial , and one feels little or no sympathy with any ofthe characters , notwithstanding that the leading feature of the p lay is the downfall of a man whose honesty makes him an object of compassion . This part- was played hy Mr . Phelps ; hut it afforded him very little opportunity for display , and it was not until the last act that the ordinary play-goer could conceive why so good an actor had chosen so poor a vehicle for the exercise of his abilities . Montague , is a nobleman of unblemished honour , who is ruined by a law-suit which has been instituted between him and the Duke of Orleans , a
¦ rival suitor to a hig h-born lady , to whom he had formerly been devotedly attached . By this reverse of fortune he becomes reduced to a dependant position ; and in the midst of Ms difficulties he falls a prey to the fraudulent propensities of men who before had treated him with the respect due to his rank . He is succoured in Ms distresses by Lamira , who in secret loves him , and for whom he cherishes a passion which he has never confessed . Beyond the interest wMch arises from this point of the play , there is little or nothing to enlist the attention of the audience , and it is otdy when they find that Montague exposes m very strong language the villany of the fellows by whom he has been duped that any excitement is produced . In this scene Mr . Phelps acted with much earnestness and
vigour , and added another proof to those he has already given , of Ms determination to take nature for his model . The three characters , La Poop ( a pretended seacaptain ) , Lavendine ( a fop ) , and Mahcorn ( a sharking merchant ) , were played by Messrs . G . Bennett , Scharf , and A . Younge . The first-named was a variety of the Bobadil genus , a specimen of humanity somewhat common in the days of the author . The bombastic cowardice of the pseudo sea-captain was humorously rendered by Mr . Bennett , the extravagant ' language , in which the character indulges being pecufiarfy adapted to his emphatic mode of intonation . His worthy companions were also well p layed , and the antics of the disreputable trio afforded great relief to the duller portions of
tbe play . Miss Cooper performed Lamira with muchta ' ste and discretion , and the other characters were embodied in such a manner that the general effect was highly creditable to those under whose direction the piece was produced . In speaking the lines which are affixed by way of epilogue , Mr . Phelps suddenly forgot his words , and apologised to the puhlic , attributing the misfortune to the nervousness incident on the production of the plav . He was answered by long and repeated cheers from every part of the house . It was pleasing to witness this good feeling on the part of an audience towards a manager who has laboured so hard to elevate tbe character of Ms establishment , and who at that moment was giving evidence of his continued energy hy the very complete manner in which the Jhn & it Man ' s ibrfu «« was put on his stage .
Rotal Polytechnic Institution . —A new and Mghly interesting subject has been cornmenced durag thepast week , by Dr . Ryan , at this establishment , entitled " The Chemistry of the Breakfast Table ; " more particularly for the purpose of introducing the newly-invented process for preserving milk for long voyages , patented by Mr . Moore , holding a medical appointment in her Majesty s household . Bv means of this process the milk was kept perfectly " clear and unadulterated , Ihe milk was preserved in a solid state , andtbs was done by The
separating one of its component parts—water . lecturer observed that he was not then speaking ot what was termed London milk , but pure and proper milk , which he said was composed of two things , soM mass and water . This water being separated , the solid mass was placed in cases made air-tight , and fit for sea-travelling . It might be kept for any length of time . Several specimens exhibited on the lecture table , had been to the East Indies and back , and had kept perfectly good and sweet . The learned professor was followed by Mr . Shaw , who fare explanatory lectures on magic , illustrated by umorous and pleasing feats of slight of hand .
Save Us From Our Friends.—Most Of Our Mi...
Save us from our Friends . —Most of our misfortunes are more supportable than the comments of oui-friends upon them ,
Louis Blatjc: The History Of Ten Tears. ...
LOUIS BLATJC : THE HISTORY OF TEN TEARS . ( Prom the Commomvcxlth for March . ) In our last number we remarked on the extraordinary influence of the " History of Ten Years , " not only in the production of the late revolution , but in giving to that revolution its peculiar and distinctive characteristics . From the first page to the last the author's mind seems to be brooding over the sad condition of the working classes , the unregarded struggles ofthe poor ; and whether he is engaged in recording the changes of dynasties or the revolutions of empires , still wo find him looking below the surface , and saying to the humble man , " How is it with you , my poor brother ? where did this change find you—where has it left you ?"
True , the revolution has so far disappointed the hopes of manv ; the bourgeoisie have again regained their power in part , Louis Blanc is in exile , and the poor have gone back to their burdens ; society is , as they say , reconstituted—order restored . In reconstituting society , however , and in restoring ordar , let us hope that they aro not sowing the seeds of another revolution , more terrible in its nature and more complete in its results than any wh ich has yet taken place . We are no advocates of violence , and we believe we may safely say that no men more sincerely deprecate violence that those who are called social
and democratic republicans ; but they have the wisdom to see , and the boldness to declare , that there is a worse state of things' than that which arises from revolution ; namely , the pestilent unwholesomeness of stagnant and allowed corruption — such corruption as was allowed in France during the last years ofthe reign of Louis-Philippe . The strife of a revolution may enlarge both the intellect and heart of a nation , whilst the peddling meanness protected by power must , as a matter of necessity , kill its very soul by obliterating all manly instincts , and subduing all generous and noble sentiments .
This is abundantly testified by the struggles of the republican party in France during the reign of Louis-Philippe , and Louis Blanc has placed it beyond all dispute in the work now under consideration . In this work he has passed under review not only the actions of the various parties , but he has also indicated the various passions by which they were actuated ; he makes no apology for the mistakes or even for the vices of these who call themselves republicans , but at the same time he shows no mercy to the delinquencies of kings , or the meanness and fraud of the so-called respectable classes — the man and his motives are alone regarded .
We shall make no attempt to give an abstract of this work that , within our present limits , would be impossible . We shall content ourselves by giving a few extracts , whereby the principles anil spirit of the Republicans may be known as far as their principles had developed themselves up to that period where the work breaks off . In the introduction to tMs remarkable book , he proves that Napoleon was sacrificed by the bourgeoitie for the promotion of their own interests . and that after the Restoration the privileges of the Bourbons and their old nobles were continually combated by the same power , until , in 1 S 30 , the king himself , after a desperate effort to maintain Ms prerogatives , was prostrated by this same party , aided and assisted by the Republicans and the people . Indeed , in the July revolution , as in the
revolution of February , this class of trading politicians were carried by the people much further than they of themselves intended to go . In Jul y , 1830 , the Republicans and people meant a Republic , and when the conflict was over , they sought for one ; but there was a juggle not then played out , namely , a Republican ' Monarchy , and this force at the time got countenance from some of the most sincere friends of the people . There was , however , a large number who were not taken in by this , who saw through the whole thing from the beginning , and who from the moment © fits establishment warred against it fiercely and incessantly . TMs party was composed of the choicest spirits of the time ; and although many suffered and some fell in the struggle , it was not without leaving to the world an inheritance worth havin < r .
It is curious to remark how purely political were the objects of this party at the commencement of the fight ; but as the battle proceeded , we observe a gradual enlargement of their aims—a desire to take into consideration not only the political rights , hut also the social claims of the people . To illustrate this , we shall quote a speech of Godfroi Cavaignac , when accused , during the first year of Louis Philippe ' s reign , of an attempt to establish a Republic : — " ' My father , ' he began , ' was one of thoso who , in the Convention , proclaimed the Republic in the face of then victorious Europe . He defended it in the armies . For this it was that he died in exile , after a proscription of twelve vears : and whilst tho
Restoration itself was forced to leave France the fruits of that revolution he had served—whilst she loaded with favours the men the revolution had created , my father and his colleagues alone suffered for the great cause which so many others betrayedlast homage of their feeble age to the country their youth had so vigorously defended ! That cause , messieurs , is therefore bound up with all my feelings as a son ; the principles it embraced are my patrimony . Stud y has confirmed this bent naturally given to my political ideas ; and now that the opportunity , at last , presents itself to me this day to pronounce a word which so many others proscribe , I declare , without affection and without fear , I am , in my heart and by conviction , a Republican . '
"After this noble exordium , Cavaignac repudiated , with singular elevation of thought , all the reproaches addressed to the Republican party . It was accused of conspiracy . An idle accusation . Ever since revolutions had been in vogue , conspiracies had counted for very little . The Republican party was too sure of the future to lose patience , and refuse to rely on the fortune of the popular cause . It was much better p leased to let Monarchy conspire for it by a host of incurable blunders and iniquities . Why should the Republican party be over-hasty ? Could it fail to know that a dissolving agency was so potently at work on all the means of government , that the latter would require to be wholly reconstructed ? Did it not know that , tormented as the world was by new , immense wants , even a god would find it more difficult to govern than to reconstruct it ? The bloody deeds of ' 93 were cast in the teeth of the Republicans J But men of sense , those who judged history by its
results , had , doubtless , not forgotten that tne Convention had defended the national soil , extended France to her natural limits , and fecundated the germ of every great political idea ; and that of all the governments that had successively appeared during a space of six-and-thirty years , the Convention alone had retired because such was its willretired triumphant amidst the thunder of the cannon ofthe Vendemiaire . Disappointed ambition was imputed to the Republicans . Those who cast that slur on them were men whose ambition had been gorged to excess . Passing on to considerations of another kind , M . Cavaignac showed how much deliberate and practical good sense there was in the notions ofthe Republicans , who had too much enlightenment to antedate their programme , and to live on the reminiscences of Athens and of Rome . He argued against Monarchy considered in its action , not on France , but on the secondary powers . Thank Heaven ! France carried within her what
enabled her to surmount the most fearful trials ; but what was to become ot the nations placed under her aegis , and which it was one of the necessary conditions of the Monarchy to abandon ? ' The revolution , ' said M . Cavaignac , in concluding his address , ' is the whole nation , with the exception of those who fatten upon the nation ; it is our country fulfilling that mission of emancipation confided to it by the providence of peoples ; it is all France which has done her duty towards them . As for us , messieurs , we have done our duty towards her , and she will find us ready at her call , whenever she shall have need of us ; whatever she demands of us she shall obtain . '"
These were the views of the Republicans at the time indicated . It will here be observed that the social aspect of the question is but very obscurely hinted at ; still it is p lain that the thoughts of the Republicans were begmning to entertain it , and with such men to entertain such a question was to understand it and proclaim , it . At this time the disciples of St . Simon attracted so much attention as to bring upon themselves a prosecution . They were men of great ability , and counted amongst their number such names as Carnot , Chevallier , Thierry , Pierre Leroux , and many other men of great practical and literary ability . Our historian gives a most instructive account of this system and its effects on French society , and shows bow Fourierism and St . Simonianism penetrated republicanism , and produced those humane politics which we ' cannot help noticing as characteristic of the present day .
We find we have not space to enter into a minute detail of the . many encounters which took place during these years between the spirit of patriotism and that of pelf , and of which Paris and Lyons were the theatres . Could we do it , it would be instructive , inasmuch as it would show the growing importance that became attached to the rights of the working man , and it would also show the unconquerable courage that characterises those in France who have taken the people ' s cause in hand , many of whom still occupy the front ranks in the battle . We shall , however , fill up our remaining space by giving a few specimens ofthe stylo and mode of thought of the historian .
" WHAT TUB FRENCH PEOPLE GAINED . DT THE REVOLUTIO . V OF 1830 . % \ "A . new Marseillaise , composed by M . Casimir Delavignc , was sung in the theatres . The heroes who had fallen in the cause of liberty were celebrated in pompous language . The t fational , the
Louis Blatjc: The History Of Ten Tears. ...
w- L T s pa er exclaimed , 'You have alwavs been the bravest and most heroic of men . ? ° f « « f J * ' ' e Pai ™™ s ! * And the magis-J £ m inJr * Clt ^ ., not less enthusiastic , outdid & in ™ i Wl 10 ' ' said M Alexandre do Lv . wS' 1 g ™ , - tlon to the inhabitants of Paris , wm ^ . H ? tcr hlm , seIf as mcritin S the rank of JlrfiV ^ Population , whose heroic continnI' AnS * V f . ™ tion ° f freed 0 m and Ci » lisa-EmiL i tlUS Whlle bl ' 0 iul W ! ls ws »> t »» ff » " ™ "v ~ - «™ d m a weeping mother was seen the Morfuc ° " bel 0 VCd C 0 ' ° 0 n the cold **& of
« V 1 Xmo-vAL EDUCATION . Education can be made national by no other means than by considering it as a debt on tho part ol the state , and as a duty on that of the citizens It must therefore be at once gratuitous and compulsory In France it could not have been rendered the latter without interfering with the rights of labour , since , through the eftects of a government as loolish as barbarous , the poor workman was universally compelled to look upon his children as a means of increasing his wages , and had too great need of their services to caro for their instruction , lo lorcc the father to die of hunger , in order that the son might be educated , would only have been a cruel mockery . But this very fact ought to have Shown the absurdit y of every partial reform ; and that the onl y true reform is one which shall bo
bound up with a body of reforms constituting a tnorougn , bold , and complete social renovation . . ¦ . , . "hen authority has an end in view , it ought to impel society towards it with uniformity , steadiness , and vigour of purpose . With regard to instruction , there cannot be too strong a centralisation . lo allow , in a countrv torn bv party , of the silly rivalry of private schools , is to instil ' into new generations the poison of civil discords , and to afford rival parties the means of propagating themselves m tne midst of an increasing confusion of opinions and principles-it is like sowing chaos . The education ot the people , a sublime priesthood when the state provides it , is , when abandoned to individual caprices , but a speculation replete with danger ; and what is termed liberty of teaching is only the gestation of anarchy .
THE PRESENT SYSTEM . " As for the social system desired and upheld by the bourgeoisie , it has been marked by a complete abandonment of the poor . ' Every one for himself ; charity begins at home , ' has been the maxim of their leaders ; loathsome , base maxim , which contains all oppressions , until it gives birth to all disorders . The error of the bourgeoisie has been this , that it believed freedom to be sufficient for progress and- justice , under circumstances of no equality in the means of development . But what signifies it that the right to acquire wealth be granted to all , when the instrument !) of labour and when credit belong only to a few ? What signifies aright to prosperity without a possibility of realising that right ? What matters a broad and level road
to the wretch who cannot move ? True freedom consists , not in the right , but in the power , granted to every one to develop his faculties . Freedom is there but a lure , but the hypocrisy of despotism , wherever the possession ofthe instruments of labour is a monopoly ; wherever the doling out of credit is in the hands of private individuals who lend only to the rich ; wherever competition leaves the small capitalist at the mercy of the great one ; wherever there are commercial dealings between wealth and hunger ; wherever the lives of citizens depend , not on their good conduct and forethought , but on the visitation of a disease , on the cessation of a commercial demand , or the invention of a new method ; wherever the children of the poor are forced away
from the school where they -would be instructed , and buried alive in the factory , where they are starved and stinted ; wherever there is no freedom of the press , except in favour of those who can deposit an exorbitant sum of caution money ; wherever , in fine , there are children of seven years of age working twelve hours a day for their broad , gins of sixteen prostituting themselves for bread , vagrants found _ asleep on the steps of inhabited palaces , infanticides from penury , journeymen whom the discovery of a machine turns into the streets to starve , and thousands of working men who wake up some day with pa ' lo faces and raging hearts , and rush to the tight with this cry : ' Let us live by our labour or die fi g hting . ' "And in this the fault is not in men , but in things .
Feudal tyranny was composed of proper names , it could be looked in the face , it could be touched with the finger . There is nothing of the sort in that tyranny which is onl y liberty misunderstood . Mysterious , impersonal , invisible , almost defying all effort to grasp it , it enfolds the poor man , compresses and stifles him , without his being able even to comprehend the nature of the evil against which he struggles , miserably and in vain . "The destruction of a despotism of this sort is , therefore , an affair of science , not of revolt . It is the princi p le that is impious ; it is the situation that is guilty . Men do not take vengeance upon a pinciplc , they supersede it for a better ; men do not punish a bad state of things , they change it . Fierce appeals to the wrathful feelings of the oppressed would , therefore , be as frivolous as they would be mischievous ; the more so , as the bulk of the people is not now enlightened enough to have a
clear idea of what it ought to seek , and of what is possible . Still the duty of seeking a remedy for so many ills is but the more imperative ; and , as regards tho bourgeoisie , it is matter of urgent interest . It , too , is undermined by competition , which gradually swallows up moderate fortunes in the vortex of great capitals . What security can the bourgeoisie have against the danger of popular outbreaks on the one hand , and the oligarchic yoke slowly forged for it on the other ? Striking and novel proof of the inevitable co-partnership that unites various interests ! The bourgeoisie , if it look not to it , is going to destruction by the same route on which the people is toiling on in wretchedness and suffering : unfortunately , it does not seem hitherto to have had any suspicion of the fact . " M . Blanc eloquently points out the true policy of the middle classes in Franco and every other
country . " If the bourgeoisie is nobl y prompted , it can do everything for the regeneration of this country . Captive in its monopolies , devoted to the sordid passions to which the selfishness of its principle condemns it , it would ruin France and itself , possessing , as it would , but the smallest portion of those qualities which hi g h policy requires . Instead , therefore , of standing aloof from the people , it must unite with it indissolubly , by taking the first steps towards a system which should make association , not competition , the rule of trade , which should generalise the possession of the instruments of labour , institute the banking power of the poor , and , in a word , abolish tho serfdom of labour . Iu such an enterprise there would be equity and wisdom , intelligence and charity . Gathering fresh , racy vigour from its contact with the people , and strenfftbened by its co-operation , the bourgeoisie
would find incalculable resources in its recovered security . Peacefully and for ever victorious over the spirit of sedition , it would not fear to look the Europe of the kings in the face , and restore to France the language and the bearing of command . It would , moreover , in becoming the nation , acquire all the virtues it now lacks ; for if it has much to give the people , it has much , too , to receive from it . It can give the people instruction , true liberty , and the treasures that How therefrom ; it will receive from it energy , the mi g ht of manly instincts , love of greatness , aptitude tor generous devotion . Precious exchange , which would save and exalt our country by the harmonious employment of the will and the virtues of all her children !" Having thus given , with sufficient imperfection , a slight sketch of the meaning of this most extraordinary work , and a few specimens of the style of the author , wo shall , in conslusion , present our readers with a short notice of his life .
Louis Blanc was horn at Madrid , in October , 1813 . His father was Inspector-General ofthe Finances in Spain ; his mother was of Corsica , where he was brought up till the age of seven ; ho was then sent to the College of Rhodes , from whence in 1630 he joined his father in Paris . But from that time to the revolution of February he has constantly laboured with his pen for the promotion of the popular cause , through the pages of the " Bon Sens , " the " National , ' the " Republican Reviews , " the " Revue de Progres , " and many other publications , as well as by the more important works which we have already enumerated . In porson he is exceedinglv small , somewhere
about five feet , with a countenance remarkable for the beauty of its form and the nobleness of its expression . His figure is exceedingly well-proportioned , and altogether he strikes you at once as a most remarkable man ; his voice is full and flexible , in conversation most winning , in speaking publicly , rich , and forcible ; indeed , we are disposed to think that he is quite as good an orator as he is a writer , and we have no hesitation in saying that , taken altogether , he is one of the most remarkable men of the age . Were ho the advocate of kingly power , we doubt not ho would be one of the most noted men in Europe : being , however , the champion of the oppressed , he must wait for Ms reward , such as it may be , until the day when the poor man is delivered from his thraldom . Let us pray that it may be sooa !
Inclined And Not Inclined.—" Why Dont Yo...
Inclined and not Inclined . — " Why dont you wheel that barrow of coals , Ned ? " said a learned miner to one of his sons ; " it is not a very hard job —there is an inclined plane to relieve you . " "Ah , " replied Ned , who had more relish for wit than work , "the plane may le inclined , but hang me if I am . Marriage . —Two persons who have chosen each other out of all the species , with a design to be ea ch other s comfort and entertainment , have , in that action , bound themselves to bo good-humoured , affable , discreet , forgiving , patient , and joyful , with respect to each other ' s frailties and perfections to the end of then- lives . —Addison .
Inclined And Not Inclined.—" Why Dont Yo...
THE TEN HOURS BILL ANDJUANCHESTE B LAW . Simple-minded , honest dupes that we were , we had thought that the Ten Hours Bill was law . We forgot that the English constitution was centred in the Bank of England , and the acts of the Legislature administered by factory lords . The mistake we regret , but have much to say in extenuation . The agitation in favour of regulating the hours ol factory labour was protracted over a period ol years ; discussed , and re-discussed . Sometimes we heard i :
iu the rough voices of native Yorkshireraen , headed by Mr . Oastler , the Factory King . The outspoken preaching of Stephens told its tale . The humane pleadings of Michael Thomas Saddler , the patient details of Ashley , the practical experience of John Fielden—the late member for Oldham , and experienced factory owner—were all heard . The League newspaper , tbe Economist , the Times , Chronicle , and P ost , wrote and reasoned , The question was narrowed to a discussion on the principle of political economy .
Lord John Russell recanted—Mr . Bri ght replied . The text was ten hours labour per dav—the pleadings on both sides were from those premises . After a discussion , in which every argument had been exhausted , the last struggle ended in a vote in ™ - ° f a Ten HoUM m ' not » Twenty Hours Bill , with a relay of hands . N o—the labour of women and children was restricted to ten hours per day by Act of Parliament . We Englishmen thought that the distinction between day work and mght work was plain and unmistakeable . But the Manchester magistrates cannot see the difference . There is no clause , it seems , in opposition to the relay system—therefore , all the spirit of the act
must be lost sight of , its effects neutralised . The Manchester magistrates think it honourable to evade the law—and why this evasion ? It even does not end with the evasion of the law . It destroys the law , and enacts , executes , and allows to be executed , a law in favour of the relay system . It is Manchester law against Parliament-made law , and Manchester triumphs . The Manchester Ministry , too , have their official organs . Yourcautious nei ghbour , the Morning Chronicle , recently animadverting on a speech spoken by C . Itindley , Esq ., M . P ., eavs that the law provides ; 'Only that no young person or female be employed for more than the statutory number of ten hours in any one day . Many mill-owners have availed
themselves of the facility thus unexpectedl y afforded for taking advantage of the recent revival of trade by employing two sets of juvenile and female operal lives in each day , and giving extra wages , for extra hours , to the male adults , ( with whose liberty to dispose of their own time and labour even the Ashley majority never dreamt of meddling . They are enabled to realise all the substantial benefit of indutrials freedom , without trenching on the code of legislative benevolence . Can anything be fairer ? Six , seven , or eight hours per day , for those whom a protection Act of Parliament restricts to a maximum of ten—and as many hours as may be mutually d
agreeupon , for those whom parliament leaves to be the judges of their own interests , and the masters of their own actions . There are doubtful propositions involved in the last part of the paragraph , which , we for the present , purposely omit to discuss , and call attention to the words , ' many mill-owners hare availed themselves of the facility thus unexpectedly afforded : The words facility and unexpectedly explain all . If such facility be not enacted against , and unexpectedl y used—why allow the unexpected facility to be practised ? Such might be a fair argument from the lips of a barrister defending a law breaker , but comes with very bad grace as a defence for the acts of a magistrate or a judge .
Lord Bacon , in his essay on judicature , writes : " Judges ought to remember that their office is ' Jus dicere , ' and not ¦ Jus dare '—to interpret law , and not to make law . " The same authority oon ! tinues , ' Fans turbaius et vena corrnpta est Justus cadens in causa sua coram adversaria . ' ' just man failing in his cause before his adversary is like a troubled fountain and a corrupted vein . ' And , again , ' A judge ought to prepare his way to a just sentence , as God usetb . to prepare his way by raising vallies and taking down hills ; so when the e appeareth on either side a high hand , violent prosecution , canning advantages taken , combination , power , great counsel , then is the virtue of a judge seen , to make inequality equal , that he may plant his
judgment as upon an even ground . ' Fourthly , judges ought , above all , to remember the conclusion of the Roman twelve tables , ' Salus populi suprema lex '— ' The safety of the people is the highest law ; and to know that laws , except they be in order to that end , are but things captious , and oracles not well inspired . ' We recommend these passages for the consideration of the writers of the Chronicle , and the perusal of the Manchester magistrates . Men must be , indeed , sunk deep into the slough of iniquity if they cease to respect wisdom and virtue , even if they , every hour of their lives , practice despotism and injustice ; it may be , however after all , ' that we are casting pearls before swine , ' so far as factory magistrates and one-sided journalists receive our consideration .
Although not gifted with second ri ght , we have seen the object aimed at by the millowners and magistrates , from the time tnecases of evasion were first raised before the Manchester bench . It is no other than a hope on the part of the factory lords to re-open the subject of factory legislation . After a long lapse of dull trade a revival of trade is expected , and the keen - sighted capitalists are ripe and ready for the chase . It is in vain that you remind them of tbe fearful ordeal they have passed through—unequalled bankruptcies , and approaching revolt . Commercial crises —and their results only whet their appetites for gain . Those wha have suffered from bankruptcy , hope to amend their decayed means . Those whose
fortunes enable them to withstand every shock are enriched by the late misfortunes of others . The Ten Hours Bill stands in the way . The Russell Cabinet exists by sufferance , and perhaps theywill have to legalise the relay system , or pass an uniform bill of eleven hours . The men who said— ' Free Trede or a revolution' —now say , ' Long hours or a change of ministry . ' What will be the result ? It cannot be supposed that the workmen , who for years struggled patientl y and perseveringly for a legislative enactment , to protect flesh against Mammon , will yield quietly and without a struggle ; and those who know the character of the Economists—their skill in the subtle * ties of argument—their endless repetition of refuted fallacies—their willingness to write up or write down
a cause for hire—and know also that the commercial aristocracy are men of business habits and incalculable fortunes , will not look forward for a speedy and satisfactory settlement of this question . For our part we are on the look out , and say to the working men of England , be prepared for the future . Factory operatives , read Mr . Oastler ' s speech as reported in the Star of Saturday last . Remember , 1 ready boys , be steady boys . ' A Leaf from the Annals of a Shoemaker ' s Garret .
Public Petitions.—Every Member Presentin...
Public Petitions . —Every member presenting a Eetition to the House must affix his name at the eginning thereof , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1833 , March 20 ) . Every petition must be written , and not printed or lithographed , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1793 , May 6 ; 1817 , March 12 ) . Every petition must contain a prayer , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1843 , July 10 ) . Every petition must be signed b at least one person on the skin or sheet on which the petition is written , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1817 , March 12 . ) Every petition must be written in the English language , or be accompanied by a translation certified by the member who shall present it , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1821 , March 16 , March 21 ) . Every petition must be signed by the
parties whose names aro appended thereto by their names or marks , and by no one else , except in case of sickness or incapacity , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1675 , November 8 ; 1619 , November 14 ; 1774 , June June 2 ; 1826 , December 13 ; 1836 , June 28 ) . No letters , affidavits , or other documents may be attached to any petition , ( vide Commons' Journals , 1826 , February 20 , November 28 ) . No reference may be made to any debate in Parliament , ( vide Commons' Journal ' s , 1822 , March 28 ) . No application may be made for any grant of public money excent with the consent of the Crown , ( vide
Standing Orders ) . — Globe . Advice to the Fair Sex . —Women should be unacquainted that beauty has any charms , but the inward one of the mind , and that a gracefulness in their manner is much more engaging than that of their persons ; that meekness and modesty are the tl'UC and lasting ornaments ; for she that has those is qualified as she ought to bo for the management of a familv , for educating her cMldren , for an affection for her husband , and submitting to a prudent wa y of living . These only are the charms which render wives amiable , and give them the best title to our respect . —Epietetus . .. .
Mi-. Johx Duncan , the African traveller , whose journey throug h and beyond the territory of the King of Dahomey has already been made public , is , it is understood , about to-leave England shortly . on another expedition , with the view of prosecuting iurtber discoveries in the unexplored regions of that country . .
Varirtoe
Varirtoe
Anecdote Of Ci:Omwi:I.L—In The Year 1&57...
Anecdote of Ci : omwi : i . l—In the year 1 & 57 Oliver entered n . to a league , offensive and defensive , with 1 ranee against Spain , in which lie would no allow the irct , Bh king to call himself King of ¦ olf tli ¦&" «? ? , tt , C , ' enc 1 ' ' ' ' "" ltook to himself the title of Protector , not of EnH-uid Scotland , and Ireland , but of Franco also & -Ytid ' iii * tho instrument of tho treaty , he insisted that his ( the Protector s ) name should be put before that of tho French monarch ; and it was so done accordin-ilv In , short , I know of no prince that bore his character so high as Oliver did in his treaties with crowned heads . DfTcn Proverb . —The Dutch have a proverb that " when the French are asleep the devil rocks the cradle . " They are quiet for tho present , hut what devil is rocking the cradle future events must ; show .
Sentiments . — " Behold , Miss Flora , how glorious " Nature looks in all her bloom ! The trees are filled with blossoms , the wood is dressed in its sreen liven " , and the plain is carpeted with grass and flowers !"— " Yes , Charles , I was thinking of the same thing . These flowers arc dandelions , and when they arc gathered and put in a pot , with a piece of good fat pork , they make the best greens in . the world !" The Ruling Few . — " Only by making tho ruling few uneasy , can the oppressed many obtain a particle of relief . "—lientham . Auistocracy . — " Tho ori gin of Aristocracy was worse than Popery . Tho first aristocrats in all countries were brigands ; thoso of later times , sycophants , "—Paine ,
WHT AXD BECAUSE . Why is a railway train likea vision ofthe flight?—Because it goes over the sleepers . AVhy is a spendthrift ' s purse like a thunder cloud ? —Because it keeps continuall y light ' ninsr . Why is a solar eclipse like a woman whipping her boy?—Because it is a hiding ofthe sun . A "Flea anb Butterfly" Kate !—Sunderland , it seems , is one of the few towns hy which a rato has been laid , under Mr . Ewavt ' s bill , for the maintenance of a public museum . One learned and worthy member , however , ofthe town council , -when , the Museum committee had presented a report last week , took objection to an item in the accounts , remarking that he could not see the advantage of imposing charges on the ratcpavers for " liens and butterflies . "
The Schoolmaster Abroad . — " In a village in the West of England , " the Arbroath Guide relates , the following is seen to flourish upon a sign-board over the door of an ancient couple : — ' 1 curs a goose , and my wife curs the ganders . ' The meaning intended to bo conveyed is : — « I cure agues , and my wife cures the jaundice . " Blue Eves . Blue ! 'Tis the light of heaven—the domain Of Cynthia—the wide palace of the sun—The tent of Hesperus , and all his train—The bosomer of clouds , gold , grey , and dun . Blue ! 'Tis the life of waters' ocean And all its vassal streams : pools numberless May rage , and foam , and fret , but never can Subside , if not to dark blue nativeness . Blue ! Gentle cousin of the forest-green ,
Married to green in all the sweetest flowers—Forget-me-not—tho blue-bell—and that queen Of secrcsy , the violet : what strange powers Hast thou , as a mere shadow ! But how great When in an Eye thou art alive with fate ! From Literary Remains of John Keats . An Infallible Specific—The late Lord Erskine being one day indisposed in tho Court ot * King ' s Bench , told Mr . Jekyll , " that he had a pain in his bowels , for which he could get no relief" " I'll give you an infallible specific , " said the humorous barrister , " get made attorney-general , and then you will have no bowels . ' '
The Largest Baby iet . —A Race or Giants . — Mr . and Mrs . Randall the celebrated Scotch g iant and giantess , have recently had a son born to them , at their residence , near Mineral-point , Wisconsin , whose weight , at three days old , was twenty-two pounds ! This is their first child , and is , we believe , the first successful experiment in modern times , in the production of a race of giants . They do great tilings In wiaoonnin now-a-days ;—we give this as a specimen . —Boston Chronwyr * . " Nothing can be done well , " said Dr . lutcim . ^ ., " that is done in a hurry . " " Except catching fleas , " adds a wag at our elbow . All Right . —An Irishman being asked , on a rainy day , what ho would take to carry a message from Drummond ' s at Charing Cross , to the Bank , answered , " Faith ! I'd take the threepenny bus . " The Outward Signs . —At a recent examination
of girls in Cheshire for the rite ot confirmation , in answer to the questions , " Which is the outward and visible sign and form in baptism V Tho reply was , " The baby , sir . " Purgatory . — " Molly , " said Joe Kelly ' s ghost to his wife , " I'm in purgatory at this present , " says he . " And what sort ot a place is it ? " says she . — " Faix , " says ho , " it ' s a sort of half-way house betweenyo » and heaven , " says Joe , "and I stand it mighty aisy after laving you , " says he . Domestic Life . —Recreation is to a woman what the sun is to tho flower ; if moderately enjoyed , it beautifies , it refreshes , and it improves—if immoderately , it withers , deteriorates , and destroys . But the duties of domestic life , exercised , as they must bo , in retirement , and calling forth all the sensibilities of the female , arc perhaps as necessary to the full development of her charms as the shade and the shadow are to the rose—confirming its beauty , and increasing its fragrance .
A Smart Doo . —A shepherd once , to prove the quickness of his dog , was lying before tho tiro in the house where we were talking , said to me , in the middle of a sentence concerning something else , "I ' m thinking , sir , the cow is in the potatoes . " Though he purposely laid no stress on these words , but said them in a quiet , unconcerned tone of voice , the dog , who appeared to be asleep , immediately jumped up , and , leaping through the open window , scrambled up to the turf-root of tho house , from which he could sec the potato field ! He then ( not seeing the cow there ) ran and looked into the barn where she was , and finding that all was right , came back to the house . After a short time the shepherd said the same words again , and the dog repeated his look-out : but on the false alarm beiiii- a third
time given , the dog got up , and wagging his tail , looked his master in the face with so comical an expression of interrogation that ho could not help laughing loud at him , on which , with a slight growl , lie laid himself down in his warm corner with an offended air , and as if determined not to be made a fool of again . . A Hokse-Fly— Two gentlemen angling in the Thames at Newham lately , could not agree upon the appearance of one of their favourite baits , the horse-fly , and they agreed to refer the question to a rustic whom they saw ploughing at a littlo distance , and accosted him thus : " Did you ever sec a horsefly ? " " Whoy , " said Hodge , with some astonishment , " noa , d * ' rat it ; I never seed a horse fly , but I once seed a cow fall down a hole . "
Sedition . —The surest way to remove sedition is to take away tho causes thereof . —Bacon . Equal Rights . —Mankind will never be in an eminent degree virtuous and happy , till each man shall possess that portion of distinction , and no more , to which ho is entitled by his personal merits . — Godwin . , _ , Value of a Husband . —In the Court of Queen Bench , on Thursday , Sophia Tucker recovered A 100 compensation from Messrs . Chaplin and Co ., the carriers , for the death of her husband , a porter , occasioned by the breaking of tackle , and by a bale , in charge of tho defendants' servants , falling on the deceased . ___ . .... .
A Hint to Rulers . —When concession is inevitable it is wise to concede before necessity destroys both freedom of thought and dignity of movement . Self-respect and Self-Dependence . —Be and continue poor , young man , while others around you grow rich by fraud and disloyalty ; be without place or power , while others beg their way upwards ; bear tho pain of disappointed hopes , while others gam theirs by flattery ; forego the gracious pressure oi the hand , for which others cringe and crawl . Wrap yourself in your own virtue , and seek a friend and havin such
your daily bread . If you e , a course , grown gray with uhblenched honour , bless God and die . —llcinzclmann . A Wife ' s Consolation . — Tho Indiana * tate Journal tells a story of a prominent democrat of that city , who , on hearing Taylor was elected , went home a good deal chopfallen . His wife , to console him , remarked that Taylor mig ht die as Harrison did , and the administration mi g ht thereby come into the hands of the democrats . "Die ! the devil ! " replied tho husband , " thunder couldn't kill him . "
Shakspere ' s Betrothing Ri *« . — -A- few weeks since Mr . Crofton Crokcr , tho well-known author , purchased for a few shillings , of a silversmith at Gloucester , a massive g ilt ring , of the time oi Queen Elizabeth , containing the letters ' W . A . in iui untied true-love knot . The silversmith stated , in answer to an inquiry made by Mr . CroKcr , tuat he purchased it from a poor woman at btrattord-on Avon , in whoso garden it was found about five years ago ; but it was only within the last few days that an opinion of its probable connexion with the great dramatist has been entertained . On comparing the
scroll with that on the poet ' s seal ring described in Halliwell ' s Life of Shakspere , and with a similar scroll on a p iece of painted glass from A ' ew Palace , competent judges have come to the opinion that the ring thus singularly recovered b y Mr . Crokcr was in all probability the bctrothing-ring of William and Anne Shakspere . Genius and Common Sesse . — Genius ; like the lark , is apt to despise its ' nest upon the earth , and wastes its time in fluttering and quavering among the clouds ; but common sense is the humblei fowl which picks up tho barley corns , and cwvs ana fattens at leisure ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 3, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_03031849/page/3/
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