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MABCHM 849. - THE NORTHERN STAR.
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TO UliJtl JtJSAJJJUliS. L' Ami du Peuple...
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PUBLIC MEETINGS. tOMMEMORATIOX OF THE FR...
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SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE. A public...
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CHILD 1'AKMIXG. COYEST -GARDEX MARKET . ...
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Financial Reform Meeting in Marylerone.—...
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Io«m».—The Wither and its *FKEClSU'~The;...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mabchm 849. - The Northern Star.
MABCHM 849 . - THE NORTHERN STAR .
To Ulijtl Jtjsajjjulis. L' Ami Du Peuple...
TO UliJtl JtJSAJJJUliS . L' Ami du Peuple . The usual letter of "L' Ami du Peuple " cannot appear this week , in consequence of the sudden and severe illness of the Avriter .
Public Meetings. Tommemoratiox Of The Fr...
PUBLIC MEETINGS . tOMMEMORATIOX OF THE FRENCH BEV 0 LUTI 05 . The first anniversary ofthe glorious Revolution r feliruary , 1343 , was celebrated by a puhlic fesfrfll at tnc IJterary anQ Scientific Institution , TitCTOy- ? quare , on Monday evening Last , February *>/; th . " At seven o clock a numerous company sat down to tea , the fair sex mustering in strongforce . A lar"c addition to the numbers present took nlaec after tea . aiost of the persons present wore ? he r { d ribband , rosette , or scarf . The tea and fruit ^ . pf . jeJ of , Mr . Stallwood moved that "George Julian Harney be appointed chairman ofthe meeting . * . reed to unanimously . ' Mr . Oat , ( Secretary to the Committee ) read the Mowing letters : —
( tETTEB FE OM CITIZESS LOCIS BLASC AST * CACSSIDIEBE . ) Crrrzo's , —Weareprofonndly affected by aU that is contained in your sympathetic and fraternal ' invitation . Tou are assembled to celebrate the anniversary ofthe < T « it ami g lorious Revolution of February . In the ' name of the ptf'l » le who made that Berolution ; in tlie name of jjjr . je who combatted for that Revolution ; in the name of th " ** who are to-day its defenders , and of those who have be en the martyrs , we thank you from the bottom of our hearts . It % v .. uld have been pleasing to us to have heard the tvon js which will glorify the courage of the people of February , tlieir moderation , their generosity , so cruelly punished to-day . We should have been happy to have assisted at a manifestation designed to celebrate the establishment ofthe Rejmfclic , the accession of which was signalised by a proclamation to forget past hatreds , by the abolition of death punishments , by the glorious adoption ofthe immortal motto— " liberty . Equality , and Fraternity . " But it is the misfortune of the situation in which the
furv of our enemies has placed us , Oiat ire are condemned to a reserve which does violence to onr most legitimate sentiments . Citizens , we hope that your patriotism wiU enable you to understand what this situation imposes upon us . Proscribed as we are , we cannot escape the usual sufferings of proscription ; and one of these sufferings , the most keen , is the constraint winch compels us to send this apology for our absence from your festival . Eeccire our salutation and fraternal aeknowldgements . Lons Blaxc . MjUBC CACS 31 D 1 EEE .
( LfcTlitt FROM S . KTDP . ) Manchester , Feb . 23 rd , 1 S 49 . yir Dear Habket , —I write to express my regret that circumstances prevent me being present at the tea party , oa Monday next , the 26 th inst . Tlie workmen who fought and fell on the 24 th of Feb ., shed their blood in no mean or party strife ; theirs was a strrasile f < jr the right to live , the right to laVour , and the rid it to pos ;« ss the fruits of their labour . All honour to the heroes of Paris ! May their blood sanctify the cause of humanity , and their memories freshen the hopes for the f ^ 'irc * " it would be madness to deceive ourselves—the struggle i = not vet ended . The roots of feudalism are yet green wn ' n sap . and a wretched people groan under the accumulated wrongs of ages . The iron rule of capital must be aVilislw-d before peace can be permanent , and justice triumph . Trailers , schemers , usurers , bankers , and profit-mongers now rule . Can the revolution end thus ? Xo !—
' Ketter bow down before the Hun , and call A Tartar lord—than these swoln silk-worms masters . " France ! we owe you much . Thrice have you roused the . Kins energies of Europe to action , and asked man to feel the disnitv « f life . You have shaken thrones , and are destined " t « change systems . Your rest is now disturbed ; your heroes are exiled or imprisoned : you dream but to an-ike n t « fresh glory and honour . If I judge you rightly , vuur dt -stinv is to be the leader ofthe free . All respect to the memories of the martyrs of February —tiie Heroes of the barricades ! and success to the Kepub lic . Democratic and Social ! I remain , yours fraternally , € . J . Harney . SaMCQ Kydd .
( LETTER FROM T . COOrES . ) 5 , Park-row , Knightshridpe , Thursday Sight , February 22 nd , 1849 . IteAB Sta , —I regret to say that it is utterly out of my owiT to accept your invitation ; and the sentiment you d .- > : rc inc to support makes me regret it the more . But it is impossible for me to be with you . " ATive la Republume Democratigue !" Yours truly , ifr . Gill . Thomas Cooper . The Chairman said , that without offering any observations of his own at that stage of the proeeedu ! 2- - » , he would g ive the first sentiment as follows : — - To the Sovereignty of the People , and the fraternity and unity ofthe Proletarians and Democrats of all nations . " Mr . G . J . IIoltoake said , he liked speaking to
" the people "—they Averc of more importance than either kings or queens . It was always a useful sentiment—it called the attention of the people to tlieir rights aud duties . If royalty meant an increased regard for the people , heshould admire it , but he had never witnessed that regard , and , hence , he thought the sooner the rovalty ofthe people prevailed , the better . ( Loud cheers . ) The Revolution of Fchruary was accomplished by the union of Socialists and Democrats in France , and the present was the time when a union of those two parties was required in this country . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not like ambiguity—hence , he desired to state -what he meant by Heniocracy , he meant self-government by the people ; and by Socialism he meant an improvement ofthe moral , social , and physical condition of the people . ( Load cheers . ) Without these
he despaired of seeing the people happy . ( Hear , bear . ) The reading o t Chambers s Journal had made him more than half a Red Republican . In . the pases of Chambers he found a recommendation of reaction against philanthropy . Why , he liad failed to discover where philanthropy existed—and , hence , he did not know what there was to react against . ( Hear , hear . ) If governments -would only practise philanthropy , they might dispense with brute force . ( Hear , hear . ) Louis Philippe , Guizot , Rossi , « fcc , were all alike , and precipitated themselves on their own destruction , ( Hear , hear . ) The real Reformers , both Socialist and Democratic , should fraternise . Progress never could be retarded if union and knowledge prevailed amongst the people . He had g reat p leasure in responding to the sentiment . ^ L cud applause . )
Sir . James BRO . MEnnE O'Bmex said , the toast given by the chairman should unite all Democrats under one banner . There were plenty of humbugs —as their friend Harney would call them—who would mouth about the sovereignty of the people , but who -would take care to keep the actual sovereignty of the state in their own hands , to the excViiiion of the people . So far as those humbugs were concerned , all the sovereignty that would fall to the people reminded him of the sailor and the prize money : "Ah ! " said Jack , " they shake the prizes through a ladder ; all that go through tiie bars the officers get , and all that stick to the bars fall to the share ofthe sailors . " Jack ' s share was exactly the people ' s share of sovereignty under the present svstem . ( Laughter , and cheers . ) Iler
gracious Majesty , in her late opening speech from tiie throne , said ' a good deal about " invaluable institutions . " Xowlt was most curious , that every Irishman who could dispose of his blanket , his bed , or Ids kettle , was runing away from the land blessed with such happy institutions ; aud , by the by , it was necessary to have a Coercion Bill , and to suspend the Habeas Corpus Act , to keep those in order who remained behind . It was not possible to establish the sovereignty of the people , unless the people first learned to * distinguish between what God had made , and what was formed by man . The production of each man ' s labour was his own , but the land was the property of all . ( Great cheering . ) The toast recommended the fraternity of the Proletarians . A Proletarian meant a man who gave
his labour and his offspring as guarantees to the state . Could the Aristocracy offer as good security ? { Hear , hear . ) The Proletarians of all lands should unite . At the present moment an unholy alliance existed of the men of " rents and profits , " against the people . ( Hear , hear . ) The Frankfort Parliament tad unite *! thirty-five states , for the purpose of centralising the physical force of despotism , so that if the Democrats " of any one state rose against their oppressors , the whole physical force of the Kings , Aristocrats , and money-mongers might be brought against them , to ensure then * destruction ; but the people must unite as one man . A Moat struck at their brethren in "Vienna or Berlin , should be felt by the English working men as ablow struck -at themselves . Rome was about to be attacked ,
and he regretted that no large public meeting had been called to support the glorious Slazzini , and the Italian people . ( Loud cheers . ) The English had been talking about Universal Sum-age for sixty jears past , and now seemed farther off it than ever , -while Rome had got it without talking . ( Loud cheers . ) It afforded him great pleasure to see such sentiments as graced their programme submitted to a public assemblage . He agreed with Mr . Holyoake , that a Democrat must be a Socialist , and a Socialist must be a Democrat . ( Cheers . ) Their rulers were wise , but their wisdom consisted in demonology , -whilst the people ' s wisdom consisted in knowing tow to produce everything ; but , alas ' , they knew Jiot how to keep anything . But when the people had learned better , they would send the idlers of
aocietv to school , to learn the doctrine of St . Paul , " To work , that they may eat . " He cordially , reuponded to the sentiment . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . T . Clabk said . like the preceding speakers , I fully concur in the sentiment which has been fiv en from the chair ; and like them , too lam gratied to witness at this meeting the presence-of somo of the most distinguished leaders of that party , vho have heretofore confined their exertions to attempts at Social Reform , and who up to a late period have remained wholly ^ different about Political Iteform . ( Hear . ; Thisis as it should bo . { Cheers . ) Social and Political Reformers should be united , their objects being the same . ( Cheers . ) The desirability of makmg the people the sovereign power , after the speeches of Messrs . Holyoake and O'Brisu , cannot be doubted ; I will , therefore , in reference to that part of the subject say , simply , that I agree wtb . frem ; ont therq is another ticav
Public Meetings. Tommemoratiox Of The Fr...
of this question which I wish briefly to present to you . Is it not possible to have poAver , and still lack the necessary intelligence to make proper use of it ? ( Hear , hear . ) I think it is , —I do not , of course , mean that intelligence is to be made a condition or qualification / or the exercise of power , but merely to show how necessary it is that sound intelligence should , as ^ far as possible , precede great changes , so that when the masses get power they may be able to apply it rightly and effectively . ( Cheers . ) For the faithfulness of tins opinion , look to France at this moment . ( Hear . ) what is the Republican gOAernment uoav doing ? Hunting to death the very men whose courage and patriotism had given birth to the Republic itself . ( Hear . ) What can more clearly illustrate the correctness of wnat i
am saying , tnan tne fact , that at this A'ery time , Guuot is preparing to return to France , —a country upon Avhich he recently inflicted the horrors of civil war , with a strong probability of being elected to its Universal Suffrage Parliament , whilst Louis Blanc and Caussidiere , are compelled to remain in . exile from the land which we know they love so well ? I say this truth is dishonourable to the French nation » ( Hear , hear . ) What do these things teach us ? This ! That a people may erect barricades , destroy dynasties , trample thrones in the dust , drive monarchs and ministers into exile , shed rivers and oceans of blood in establishing a Republic , and yet fail in the establishment of liberty ! ( Hear , hear . ) Do we not , then , want a union of all the elements that can be useful in
teaching the masses the rights of labour—as to the extent of such knowledge only can the real utility of revolutions be measured ! ( Cheers . ) I have infinite pleasure in supporting tho sentiment . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Walter Coopeh , on coming forward to support the sentiment , said , it was the people who , by their industry , made England at once rich and powerful . He , " with Mr . Holyoake , believed the people had become more important than either kings or queens . He admired that portion of Louis Blanc ' s letter in which he spoke of the moderation of the Parisian Democrats , who were neither robbers nor assassins , but who only desired to labour that they might live . In the emphatic language of Robert Ificol , the people ' s cause was " a
holv cause . " That was a beautiful sentiment of Louis Blanc , when he said , " Let us organise labour that the sons of the people may he elevated . " ( Cheers . ) And , truly , Labour had great sons , as witness Xicol , Burns , Bloomfield , Arkwright , and those immortal poets—John Milton and Thomas Cooper . ( Immense applause . ) Almost all the grandeur of literature and science sprung from the ranks of industry . In the present day the shoemaker , Thomas Cooper , b y his genius , fired and inspired the people onwards in the glorious march of progression , by recalling to memory the martyrs andgreat men of past ages . ( Loud cheers . ) Talk of uniting—why should they not ? Were they not brethren ? They must have unit }' —they must have genuine democracy—Chartism was only the means to an end . They must have no wicked cant about lus Loud
surp population . ( cheers . ) Kings and priests unite , the people should unite . Let them unite for the elevation—morally , politically , and socially—ofthe whole people ; and let their mission be , to leave the world better than they found it . ( Loud cheers . ) Citizen Hackmax then sung "Mourir pour la Patrie , " the whole company joining hi the chaunt . The CHAiBMAjf said that , in addition to himself , the committee had appointed Messrs . Holyoake and M'Grathto speak to the next sentiment . A previous engagement had compelled Mr . Holyoake to speak to the first sentiment to enable him to leave at an early hour . Unfortunately , Mr . M'Grath was also engaged in delivering a lecture at the east end of London , and was thereby compelled to wholly absent himself from the present festival . The sentiment was as follows : —
"To the French Revolution—to its apostles , heroes , and martyrs , inthepast , the present , and the future . To the victory aud final triumph of the Democratic and Social Hepublic " The Chairman ( speaking to the above sentiment ) said : "Wc arc assembled to celebrate the glorious event , or , rather , series of events , known under the name of the French Revolution . It is true this festival has been organised Avith a view to the special celebration ofthe three g lorious days of February . But we , Avho give so httle to the good work of European progress—niggards that Ave are—may at least lie liberal of our thanks to the Revolutionists of France , past as well as present . We may , we must , pay homage not only to the Revolution of 1848— -but also to the revolution of sixty years since . The Revolution of the 24 th of February was but the continuation , of the Revolution commenced on the 14 th of July 1730 , Be assured that vou have only seen the continuation , not the
conclusion of the Revolution . The revolution will never be concluded until the reign of Justice is established . Justice ! that Avas the aim of the great men of what is commonly called the first Revolution . Through far-distant times the dream of Justice had inspired the speculations of many a sage , and the majestic strains of many a poet . Moved by an unappeasable thirst for Justice , many a martyr had laid his bones on the battle-field , or reddened the scaffold Avith his blood , or worn out long and weary Years of misery in the cells of dungeons , bastiles " , and inquisitions—the most terrible martyrdom man can suffer , or his fellow-man—transformed to a monster—can inflict . It was Iiis heart ' s longin" for the rule of Justice that inspired the matchless eloquence of Rousseau , the master-spirit ofthe Eig hteenth Century . Of that prophet ot the Revolution , Byron has truly and beautifully said " From hun came , As from the Pythian ' s mystic cave of yore , Those oracles which set the world in flame ,
2 for ceased to burn till kingdoms were no more ! They said he was " mad ! " But his revilers and persecutors were the madmen ; mad , for they were Wind to the great fact that the people Avero becoming enlightened by such teachers as Rousseau , and were beginning to see through the falsehood and rottenness of priestcraft and statecraft , and were preparing themselves for the great struggle for Justice . TVhen the people threw their omnipotent masses against the Bastilc , and under the weight of their phvsicaland moral force brought that accursed fortress ' of Tyranny to the dust , they were inspired by the love of Justice ! When they stormed the Tuileries ; when thev brought a royal hypocrite to the scaffold ; when , more than rivalling Grecian heroism and Roman patriotism , the glorious people
of France transformed their country into a camp , and rushing from the workshop and the field , they scattered the armies of Despotism , and vanquished the league of kings , they Avere animated by one pure , holy inspiration—the desire to establish the reign of Justice ! ( Applause . ) In 1830—in tho three days of July—the people of Paris poured out their blood not to obtain kingships , prefectships ' portfolios , crosses , and plunder ; those good things were appropriated by good father Philippe , that devil ' s darling Thiers , that solemn charlatan Guizot , and the rest ofthe unclean brood , who for eighteen years afflicted France with the leprosy of their rule . The people , unsullied bv selfishness , only demanded Justice . ( Applause . ) To come to the Revolution oflS 43 : on the 21 st of February the banquet was
forbidden , and the government forbade the people to take part in the simplest manifestation of moral force . "As for physical force , " said Guizot and Philippe , " we defy you . " But strong in the might of their right , the people arose to demand Justice . On the 22 nd , they assembled to the cry of " Tive la R 6 fornie I" On the 23 rd , they erected the ^ barricades to the cry of " Down with the system ! " On the 24 th thev fought and conquered to the cry of " Tive la Republique ? " ( Loud cheers . ) What slave so base as to refuse homage to the heroes of February ? I must , however , dissent from both Citizens Louis Blanc and Walter Cooper , as regards theirpraise ofthe moderation of themen of February . ( Hear , hear . ) Though I should stand alone I will protest a « ainst what I hold to have been the folly of
the February Revolutionists , namely , their moderation ( Applause . ) The Parisian Democrats ought to have known—for history Las over and over again repeated the lesson , that moderation towards the eternal enemies of Justice is suicide to those wno practise that folly . To exercise the virtues of generosity and clemency , where the enemies of ihc people are concerned , is to throw pearls before swine , who will turn again and rend you ! Men who set themselves to the task of regenerating society , and find themselves engaged m a revolution , should have but one rule-the pursuit of Justice , and war against all the enemies of Justice . Prolog app W . ) Did the Revolution , o February establish the reign ot JusteeJ J-o of Junethe rebellion
HencHhe Ssu ^ ection - of despair ! Justice is . not y ^ ftabUshed , and therefore , the . Revolution is not . ***** : . ™ pay homage to the Revolution victorious on the 14 th of July-friumphant on the lOthofAugus ^ pro claimed dominant on the 22 nd of Septento-subvcmdon thefatalOthTherimdor-re-assertedonthe 29 th of July-again victorous on the 24 th oticbruary-nt this moment obstructed in its march by Royalist and Bourgeois conspirators , but destined to have a final and glorious triumph . ( Prolonged applause . ) "We are here also to pay honour to whom honour is due—the dead and the living ; the faraou * , and the nameless Apostles , heroes and martyrs , who , by their labours and sufferings , have rendered the French , revolution so pre-eminently glorious . From the vast mass of famous men whose
names grace or disgrace the historic page , Ave select for our admiration the men who devoted their lives to the service of Justice . Who were they ?—JGrabeau , Lafayette , and the " Eng lish system" mongers ? No ! Brissot and his Girondists , the eloquent phrase-mongers of the revolution ? Jfo ! The martyrs ofthe 9 th Thermidor ;—the incorruptible Robespierre , — ( applause)—the heroic St . Just , and their great associates , are those -who command the homage of the worshippers of Justice . Those men sacrificed all for mankind . They ^ ve their labour , ftw talents , thsir Utcs ,
Public Meetings. Tommemoratiox Of The Fr...
even their reputation , to tiie one cause dear to their hearts—the salvation of thepe 6 plc . Manv men have laid down their lives for their feliow-men , re-Avarded by the secret assurance—the inward con-SObng Avhisper— that their fellow-creatures would mourn their doom , and posterity strew flowers on their graves . Rut Robespierre and his fellow-martyrs sacrificed even that good repute , the loss of which is to most men the chief of evils . But " all ills have bounds" e \ en calumny . At length a tune has arrived when men dare -vindicate the
humanity and far-seeing policy of Marat—pay tribute to tbe mi ghty mind and dauntless virtue . of St . Just—anudo homage to the genius , the incorruptibility , and the god-like designs of Maximilian Robespierre . ( Great applause . ) Baboeuf and all the apostles , heroes , and martyrs of tho first period of tiie reA'olution , also command our homage . I must add a word for the heroic men ofthe working class , who . without any hope of fame , simply for the love of justice , gave up their lives struggling for Liberty . Honour to the nameless heroes of all the revolutions
and insurrections against Despotism , not forgetting the heroes of June ! ( Applause . ) I must not omit honourable mention of those patriots who are at present languishing in tho dungeons of France , and those , too , who arc suffering the pains of exile . There is Barbes—Barbes , who spent the flower of his life—the strength of his manhood—in the dungeons of Louis Philippe , and Avho , only three months at liberty , was again condemned to chains in the name of the Republic !—the Republic which it has been the one aim of his life to establish ! If purity of heart , an ambition which only desires the welfare of mankind , and a martyrspirit ready and eager to embrace any doom , however fearful , in the pursuit of justice , —if these constitute a great man , Barbes is pre-eminently a great
man . Honour to Barbes ! ( Loud applause . ) Many more of his fellow capti > es deserve praise much more fervent than any I can bestow—especially Raspail—the philanthropic , the talented , tho heroic , the great — because good Raspail . ' ( Renewed applause . ) Let me not forget the names of Louis Blanc and Caussidiere , who although not here to receive tt . tt expression of our fraternal esteem , have neA'ertheless our best wishes , including the wish that thoy may be happily restored to their country , and find therein established the true Republic ; not the Republic of lies and castes , but the Iiepublique Democratigueet Sociale . ( Cheers . ) Am Itold the Democratic Republic already exists ? I say no ; Avitness the dungeons croAvded Avith men Avhose crime is that they arc democratic ; bear witness the laws against the ' clubs , the suppression of public meetings , the gagging of the press , and the stifling of public opinion . I will add that until tho Republic is social it
never can be democratic . What do I mean by the Social Republic ? I answer that state of society in which he that Avill not work shall not be allowed to eat ; and in which the Avorkers shall enjoy the full fruits of their toil . In which , in the words of Robespierre , " the country shall ensure the prosperity of every individual , and each individual enjoy the prosperity and glory of the country . " In which , in the language of St . Just , France will " not suffer one indigent wretch , nor one oppressor" on her soil . That Republic will triumph , because its champions , led by Truth , fi ght for Justice . The Red Republicans realise the deAOtion inculcated by the conspirator in Byron ' s Marino Faliero : — " We must forget all feelings save the one—We must resign all passions save our purpose ^—"We must behold no object save our country , And only look on death as beautiful , So that " the sacrifice ascend to heaven , And draw down freedom on her evermore . "
Glory to such men ! Victory to the lted Republic ! Tive la Bepublique Demoeratique et Sociale 1 ( Enthusiastic and prolonged applause . ) The Chairman then called on Mr . Buchanan to respond to the following sentiment : — " To democratic Germany , Poland , Hungary , and Italy . To the glorious peopla who have cast off the chains of Priestdom , and re-established the Republic of Koine . Should regenerated Italybe menaced by the amis of foreign oppression , may the people of Europe rise , and march to the rescue . " Mr . Robert Buchanax said , he had much pleasure iu responding to the sentiment , as he had for months past taken a deep interest in the events of Hungary and Italy . They were aware that the republic had been proclaimed in Rome , and he had heard to-day
of the proclamation of the republic at Florence . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The foreign correspondence of the daily journals Avas one mass of lies . The Hungarians had been very much misrepresented . The Hungarians had abolished serfdom , and established Universal Suffrage . What the Hungarians wanted , was a constitution for their own country . The Russians had entered Transylvania , but let them advance and the cry would be , " Germany to the rescue ! " ( Cheers . ) Russian , intervention would provoke a general European war—a war against despotism . ( Loud cheers . ) As regarded Italy—with republics at Rome and at Florence , a revolution completed in Tuscany , and agitation piwailing in Sardinia , it was easy to talk of an holy alliance to put down tho Romans ; but Spain
had enough to do at homo : let her send troops Gaeta , and a republic Avould be proclaimed in Catalonia , and Isabella ' s throne Avould not bo worth a month ' s purchase . Naples was in a similar position ; the monarch Avas thoroughly detested , and his throne only existed by the support of the Swiss mercenaries ; there was not a soldier to spare . The Austrian government was fully engaged with Hungary and Venice . It would be treason on the part of France to send out a single soldier beyond the Alps . Marshal Bugeaud had declared the army had enough to do to keep down the Red Republicans . Let Louis Kapoleon forget his origin , and depend on it the soldiers Avould soon rc-cross the Alps , and leave the Romans to settle their OAvn affairs . ( Great cheering . ) With Sardinia and Naples revolutionised , and Sicilvfree , twenty-five millions of Italians ,
actuated by one common sentiment , would prove an effectual barrier to the Cossacks ofthe north , or a French army . He said , lot the Democrats of each country look after their own governments , and the people of Italy would do very well without their assistance . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Charles Km said the Romans were worthy of the praise of all mankind for the noble stand they had made against despotism and priestcraft . The people of England would be traitors to tlieir own interests—traitors to the princi p les of Ri g ht and Justice , if they failed to give their sympathy and fraternity to the brave Italian people . Public op inion should compel the British government to take the side of Italy , if the despots of the Continent dared to march against her . ( Applause . ) The Ch-ueuax then gave the last sentiment as follows : —
" To the speedy adoption of tbe People's Charter—the means to the establishment ofthe reign of justice—political and social . To aU who have suffered and are suffering in the cause of liberty in this and every other land . " Mr . W . Dixos said the Charter was the means , social happiness the end ; and if he did not think and believe that the Charter would be the means of upraising of the people from their present degraded state , and improving their condition politically , socially , morallv , and physically ; he would not advocate ' it for one hour longer . The enemies to universal suffrage said , look at America with the suffrage , and likewise France , and then exultingly asked what use had the Americans and the French made ofthe suffrage ? The question with him was , were the people entitled to the rights of citizenship ? and
not the use they made of that right when they possessed it . It was true that the star-spangled banner ofthe States was sullied by the black mark of shivery . It was equally true that France had a government at present as bad as the dynasty she had expelled . But these facts argued nothing in favour of keeping the suffrage from the people of this country , nor ought it to damp the energies ofthe advocates of Parliamentary reform . He ( Mr . Dixon ) , like Mr . Clark , believed that the people of this country were better prepared to make a proper use of the suffrage , if thev hadit , than the French people , owing to the fact that they had had the opportunity of publicly discussing political questions , which the French had not . Mr . Dixon then called upon all men of progress to unite in onebond of brotherhood ,
for the purpose of removing every obstacle that stood in the wav of man ' s elevation—morally , physically , and intellectually . . Mr . SiALLwoon , in supporting the sentiment , said it was divided into two parts , Mr . Dixon had taken the first part , he would apply himself to the second , and he believed that freedom would never have been obtained without the labours of that daring band of pioneers , who had fallen victims to their enthusiasm in behalf of the cause of human redemption . ( Hear , hear . ) The-people owed a debt of gratitude to Kosciusko , of Poland ; immortal Robert Blum , of fiormanv fnrolonged cheering ); Barbes , Raspail ,
Louis Blanc , Sidney , Hampden , John Frost , Ernest Jones , Wallace , Muir , Wolf Tone , the O'Connors , Fitzgerald , Robert Emmett , O'Brien , Meagher , and last not least , John Mitchel , of Ireland . ( Tremendous cheering . ) He said all praise , honour , and glory to those heroes and martyrs to the glorious cause of progress ! ( Great applause . ) On the motion of Mr . E . Giu , seconded by Mr . Side , and supported by Mr . H . Ross , a vote of thanks ,, with three cheers , was given to Julias HABSEx ' for his services as chairman . The singing of the " Marseillaise , " ' by the entire assembly , concluded the public meeting . Dancing and other entertainments occup ied a numerous portion ofthe company till a later hour .
XoiiiNsnAM . —The first anniversary of the French Revolution of February , 1848 , was held by the SodS and Republicans of this town on Saturday evening last , February 24 th , at tho Coffee-house , iTwer Pavement , when a substantial supper was provided . Every pcr 30 n P resenfc wore , JT at his buttonhole . After the supperjiad been disuoied of , the following toasts were given - : " To K men 0 f Paris , who finally overthrew , ok tl olth o ? Sbruary , 1848 , the Orieanis fbnmch of the Bwrbon . dynasty , and es tablished on its rum . 3 a
Public Meetings. Tommemoratiox Of The Fr...
Srt % B ^ T 0 Tl ! > - fo ™ * jrovenunent wile people " " no r , " ?^ bencfit thfi Mazzini , the Roman lhmuM ^ ™ a ti „ oosc j " ^• BsESSSSa B ^ Sir ^ ^ tvrant " " ill ,. "J ™ . . " . vok , r of their Austrian ^ w- ^ - ^ axswsr public , and tho Patriots of America , who first h , mS tl Lr ! T ° , SP ° tic P ° ™ 3 tUeir vorld" " a , T jle cxam P 1 t 0 tho rest of the ?„ » ' « Ti- Cst J ? , anu tha victi »» s of misrule . The immortal memory of Blum Mess ™ hausov , and Bcecher ( the EnfflSshmanHnd MUho " nTffor J " , ' . dicd o ^ ourim ? to obtain liberty for the Austrian people . " « The French democratic prcss . " «• TJlo Uomtic pSrf
Poktsea . — A democratic convivial me & tin" was held on Monday evening , February 2 uth , when the following toasts were responded to : — " The Sovereign People . " « The French Revolution . " "The ? S l ] i Kati 0 M ' " "The Poopltfs , CWr ' , a 5 j ma > ' * speedily become the law ofthe land . ihe speedy liberation of all noliticnl prisoners . " "The Ladies . " Various political songs were sung m the course of the cveninsr . and collection
a made for the Victim Fund , when £ 1 Is . Cd . was subscribed and forwarded to Mr . J . Arnott . Bxbmixoham . - FBBsrcn Revolution . - Eighty Democrats sat down to an excellent supper in " the large room , Ship Inn , to commemorate this g lorious events ; alter tho supper the room became crowded . Messrs Fusscll aud Docker filled the respective chairs . The several sentiments were given and eloquently responded to bv Messrs . Davis , Mason , Blaxland , Deny . White , and others . Songs : " Fall , Tyrants , fall , " "Spread the Charter , "TheMarseillaise , " itc , were <> iven bv Messrs . "Sisbett , Goodwin , Fusscll , and " others '; nnd at twelve o ' clock the company separated , expressing their satisfaction at having spent in the good cause , an cA-cning which will bo long remembered by all those Avho were present .
Separation Of Church And State. A Public...
SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE . A public meeting , convened by the Executive oi the Rational Charter Association , Avas held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square , on Tuesday evening last . Mr . Ciuhlks IItting in the chair . Mr . Thomas Clark on rising was loudl y cheered . He said : The question Avhich avc haA'e been called together this evening to consider is of a most important character , and is deserving of our best attention . ( Hear . ) The connexion of the Church with the State has been pregnant with highly important—and , asIbelicA-c , highly dangerous consequences to public liberty ; and , in order to test your opinions on the subject , I have to propose to you the adoption of the following resolution : — " That
this meeting is ot opinion that religion is not a matter in Avhich the State can interfere , as all religious creeds arc matters of opinion , about which great difference exists ; and that to compel men to pay for the propagation of opinions from which they dissent , is to deprive them dishonestly of their private property , and is insulting to their conscience , f his meeting regarding the present Episcopalian establishment in this country as being in that discreditable position , denounce its continuance as a fraud financially , and as a degradation conscientiously ; and pledges itself to use CA-ery proper and legitimate means to effect a separation of the Church from the State , and thereby establish religious equality and independence . " ' Mr . Clark saitT the reasons upon Avhich I found my
opposition to tho Church aro these . In the first place , government has no right in any way to meddle with religion , as the worship of God is a matter which must rest entirely between a man and his Maker ; and for a government to interpose its authority , is falsely to presume that without its interference the adoration of a Supreme Being Avould be totally forgotten J ( Hoar . ) It is also insulting to the Deity , as arguing the necessity of Acts of Parliament to enforce Ills poAver . ( Cheers . ) I should be extremely sorry to pay religion so equivocal a compliment as to connect it in any way with the parliament of England . ( Cheers . ) ' Religion Avill indeed stand in need of an abiding place when it takes refuge in our House of Commons . ( Laughter . ) What a handsome association for the Apostles
( Laughter . ) I also object to the State Church , because it compels . those who dissent from its doctrines to pay for its support , and because such conduct is a gross and scandalous violation of that sublime doctrine , and Avhich is the essence of religion"Do ye unto others as ye would that others should do unto you , " ( Cheers . ) Then Avhat shall I say of tho forced payments for the maintenance of the Establishment ? What can be more dishonest than tO Compel US to pay , not Only for what wo do not want and never get , but that Avhich some of us strongly reprobate ? ( Hear . ) If a certain class of persons ¦ with deficient memories require to be publicly reminded every seventh day of their dutv to tlieir Maker and their neighbours , is that any reason why ire lvho do not require to he so reminded should be
taxed to compensate for their natural defect ? ( Laughter , and " No . " ) I say , those who want priests ought to pay for them , but on no account compel one man to pay for the religion of another . ( Hear , hear . ) It Avould be quite as reasonable to coerce a man to discharge his neighbour ' s tailor ' s bill . ( Hear . ) Mr . Clark here related a laughable anecdote of an Irish brogue-maker , who was called on by a minister ofthe Church Establishment to pay tithe , amounting to 6 s . fld . Pat refused to pay the money on the ground that he had never heard his Kivevcnce preach . The collector told Pafc that if he had not availed himself of the eloquence ofthe parson , lie had no one to blame but himself . The brogucniiiker , a few days after this Availed on the minister , with a hill for niendW
his and his lady ' s shoos , when the minister denied ever having had any dealings with him ; hut Pat reminded him that his shop was always open , and that the parson had no one to blame OUt himself . I ( said Mr . Clark ) , further object to the connexion of the Church with the State , because it is an undoubted fact , that the connexion Avas designed and is pei-petuatcd for the purposes of mental degradation . ( Hear , hear . ) The position Avhich the people occupy Avith respect to the Church and government , is exactly that which Christ filled upon Mount Calvary—you Avill understand AvJiat I mean , when you reflect upon the sort of companions between whom Christ Avas crucified . ( Cheers and lau ghter . ) I am told that the State patronises the Church for the purpose of improving the morals
of the people . Noav just think of the regard which the aristocracy have for public morals . Can there , I ask , be a more perfect burlesque upon common decency ? I can avoII understand how a body of men of great learning and Avisdom could be usefully employed , as a separate and distinct body , to teach publicly an improved system of morals , ' and to elevate the character of mankind—such would be a glorious mission ; but I boldly deny that such is the manner in which State priests employ themselves . Their whole history exhibits them as the enemies of liberty , and Avith " peace and goodAvill" upon their lips , they have set man against his fclloAv , and wherever their blighting influence is felt , there despotism flourishes and mental darkness
reigns—( cheers)—and so it will continue until their thimblerig system is smothered in its own ruins , and man's increasing intelligence has succeeded in establishing in its stead , perfect and entire freedom of conscience . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Dixos , in seconding the resolution , said : I have no objection to any one holding Church doctrines , but ' I wish people to have what they like , and payfor Avhat they get . ( Loud cheers . ) The propagators of the gospel did not do much in extending information , if . we may judge from the Commissioner ^ report , for the miners had not CA-en the information as to who Jesus Christ Avas . As avc have Free Trade , let us have Free Trade in religion , and then he who descrvca best Avill gdt the greater reward . ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . Stallwood rose and briefly moved the adoption of the following petition : — TO THE IKUiOVAABLE THE COMMONS OF CHEAT BBITAI . V AND IIIELAND , IS PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED . The petition of certain inhabitants of Saint Pancras , in the borough of Marylebone , in public meeting assembled , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitzroy-square , thi * 27 th day of February , 2849 : Shewbth , That your petitioners belong principally to th : industrious classes , and through the evU legislation of jour honourable House , are very much impoverished .
That your petitioners hare , in addition to their other grievous Burdens , to contribute to the support of what is falsely called a National Church , but which is known only to your petitioners as a tax-collector . That your petitioners regard the connexion ofthe Church with the State as a thing designed to subserve political purposes of a questionable character , and as a means of providing employment for some portion of the junior branches of the aristocracy . . - ' . -J . . ,. . ., That your petitioners aro of opnuon that religion dees not need the assistance of tKe State-, and therefor * prajr your honourable House forthwith to pass a law for the severance of those institutions ; and your petitioners are further of opinion such an act on the part of your honourable House will , whilst it gives great satisfaction to 0 » laajor portion of the people , tend iaueh to the prc * o « tk » of " jiure and undented religion . " And your petitioners will ever pray . ( Signed on bebalfof the meeting ) CiiMttES Uttlng . Vbairman .
The petition was seconded by Mi \ Lvcas , and carried unanimously . On the motion of Messrs . Clabjr and Arnott , it ¦ was resolved , — ' ' That . tljfi , petition ho . forwarded to George Thompson ,, M . P . for tho Tower Hamlets , for prescntation-to the-House . " A voto of tbitnks was givtu to the Chairman , and i the meeting separated , : -
Child 1'Akmixg. Coyest -Gardex Market . ...
CHILD 1 'AKMIXG . COYEST -GARDEX MARKET . On Tuesday , in pursuance of a requisition sent to the High tt ailiff , signed bv several of the ratepayers and householders in Westminster , a meeting was convened in the open air in front of St . raid ' s Church , Covent-gardcn Market , for the purpose of ascertaining the sentiments of the inhabitants respecting the system of child farming , toy one o'clock , the hour announced on tho placards , a promiscuous crowd of several thousands , assembled in front of the hustings , and a few minutes after the High Bailiff , accompanied by Mr . Charles Cochrane and several other gentlemen , ascended the platform .
Mr . CociiitAKE , who Avas received Avith cheers , made a speech in condemnation of the Xew Poor-Law and tho board of guardians , and concluded by moving— " That , from the evidence given at the inquests held on the bodies of some children who died ft Drouet ' s pauper child-farming establishment at looting , in Surrey , it appears that one hundred and forty-one children were sacrificed within fifteen days , and their death was occasioned bv an insufficiency of food and clothing , and foul and pestilential air ; that several other children died , after their removal from the parish pauper farm-house , and that the coroners' juries unanimously pronounced verdicts of manslaughter against Mr . ' Drouet ; but as it has been clearly shown that the system of
treatment adopted towards the deceased infants was sanctioned and approved of by the guardians of the poor of several ofthe metropolitan parishes , as Avell as by the Poor-Law Board , this mooting is of opinion that these authorities are acting criminally tOAvards the poor . This meeting further considers ' , that the new poor-law , under which so many innocent lives have boon sacrificed , heretofore , as well as on the present occasion , is essentially cruel and inhuman , opposed to the Jaws of nature , a violation of the decrees of our holy religion , a scandal to Christianity , a disgrace to the torhish nation , and altogether unfitted to a Christian country ; and that it should , therefore , be totally and immediately abolished . " Mr , Smith seconded the motion .
Mr . a . AA . M . Ivet . volds then came forward , and made a fierce attack on the child-farming system generally , on Mr . Drouet in particular , and on the " Tory Recorder for the city of London , " Avith great applause from the crowd . He concluded by moving an amendment , to tho effect that the meeting regarded the late occurrence at Tooting , in Avhich Mr . Drouet took a part , as nothing short of murder ; that an indelible stain was affixed In consequence to her Majesty's Ministers , ami calling upon lier Majesty to dismiss her advisers accordingly . Mr , Wilso . y , a Chartist and a Avorking man , seconded the amendment .
The Hiou Bailiff then camo forward , and said ho had been high bailiff and deputy bailiff in the city of Westminster for thirty years , and during all that time he had met with public approbation in the discharge of his duties , interfering Avithno meeting improperly . On the present occasion , however , when the rcquisionists called on him , ho put it to them whether they meant to allude to Mr . Drouet , when they said they did not ; and on that under-Standing he called the meeting . Mr . Drouet , Iioavever , had been directly attacked , both in the speeches and the resolutions ; and as that might prejudice him , now that he was on his trial , and as the law and the public never held a man guilty till he Avas declared so in a court of justice , he could not
put the resolutions . This announcement Avas received with great uproar , hissinjr , and every other method by which tho crowd could express tlieir sentiments of disapprobation ofthe High Bailiff's decision . Mr . Rktxolds , while the High Bailiff was yet on the front of the hustings , came forward and attempted to put the amendment ; but being stopped by the High Bailiff , he took off his hat , and gave the signal to the mob to cheer for tho amendment , which av . is answered ivith loud cheers . The Hion Bailiff , Avho was seized by the collar by one or two of Mr . Iteynolds ' s friends , immediately pushed Mr . Reynolds back from tho front ol the hustings , and threatened to use his authority against him . He then declared the meeting at an
end , and left the hustings ; amid cries of " oil , oh , " groans and hisses . Mr . Wilson immediately proposed Mr . Reynolds should take tho chair . The seat of authority , * however , Avas removed by Mr . Jones , the secretary of the Poor Man ' s Guardian Society , and the new chairman , not to be outdone , stepped forward to address the crowd . He was about to propose his amendment again to tho crowd , but found , to his amazement , that no amendment was on the platform , the only copy existing being , at tho moment , some considerable distance off , in the pocket of the High Bailiff . In the meantime ,-Mr . Cochrane expressed his regret that
gentlemen could be found to frustrate the objects of their meeting by amendments , notwithstanding that he ( Sir . Cochrane ) bore all the expense . Mr . Reynolds then proceeded to address the mooting on the general subject of the poor-law and the particular individuals whom ho thought connected with its administration , alluding to them in terms something short of courtesy . The crowd were excessively pleased , and were cheering the speaker with uproarious applause , Avlien four carpenters , armed with hatchets , mounted the platform and hegan todemolish the hustings . This ended the proceedings of the day .
Financial Reform Meeting In Marylerone.—...
Financial Reform Meeting in Marylerone . — On Tuesday a numerous meeting of the inhabitants of Marylebone toon place at the Workhouse Schoolroom in the JfcAv-road , to consider the moans of securing financial reform and reform in Parliament . Mr . Ilu ' mc presided . There Avere also present Lord D . Stuart , M . P ., Mr . J . Williams , M . P ., Sir J . Walmsley , M . P ., Mr . AV . Williams , Ac . The Chairman having- addressed the mooting at considerable length on the business on which they were met , and adverted to the usual arguments and topics brought forward on similar occasions , concluded by saying thoy Avore thoro to show tho govet'nment thai a ve-= duetion in taxation and a better representation of the people in the House of Commons were necessary , and that thev were determined to have them .
( Cheers . ) Mr . W . Williams , latcM . P , for COYCntl'Y , proposed , after an appropriate speech , the first resolution : — " That in the opinion of this meeting , the national expenditure has been increased by successive £ overimiont 3 to an extent not warranted by the exigencies of tho public service ; that tho taxation required to uphold this wasteful extravagance is inipoA'orishing the people of this country ; and that in order to obtain effectual reduction of taxation and economy in tho public expenditure , and secure a continuance thereof , it is indispensable that the Commons House of Parliament should be further reformed , " Avhicli Avas seconded by Mr . Mcholay and carried unanimously . Mr . Hodges moved tho next resolution : — " That the present mode of levying taxes is uniust in principle , and presses most
unfairly on that portion of the community least able to bear its Aveight , and therefore such a revision has become indispensable as will have tho effect of placing the burden of taxation on the property of the country , instead of the present unequal , complicated , and expensively collected system . " After which the meeting , from the croAvded state of the room , adjourned to the Workhouse-yard , where the resolution Avas seconded hy Mr . Soden , and after some observations by Lord D . Stuart , Avho said that any branch of reform Avhich would tend to bring about the great measure of financial reform contemplated by Mr . Cobden Avas useful , vras passed with great applause . Mr . J . Williams , M . P ., moved : — " That for the attainment ofthe ebjocts set forth in the preceding resolution , it is expedient that an association bo now formed , to be called tho St .
Marylebone Financial and Reform Association , and that the following be the objects of such association : 1 . To use all legal and constitutional means of inducing the most rigid economy in the expenditure of the gOA-ernment , consistent with due efficiency in the several departments of the public service , and to endeavour to obtain for the people a more direct control over the same by a further reform of the House of Commons . 2 . To obtain a complete revisal of taxation , and the substitution of an impost fairly levied on property and income , in lieu of tho present unequal , complicated , and expensively collected duties upon commodities . Political partisanship is distinctly disaA'owed , the association being composed of men of all political parties . " Which Sir . Cassall seconded , and which was unanimously carried . A A-ote of thanks was then passed to thechairman , and the meeting broke- up .
Mbetino at Soitiiwark , —On Tuesday , a public meeting ofthe inhabitants of the-borough of South .-Avarkwas held at the hall of tbe literary Institution , Borough-road , in support of the movement in fhvour of Financial Reform : Ms ? . Apsley Pellaktt in the chair . —Mr . J . L . Stevens- proposed the firs * tresolution : " That it was the- daty of the govennmt so to obtain a m » tional incooie as to leave both , the necessaries of life and thft efforts of industry untaxed , and t & expend it AvMith © utmost legaard to economv ; and that , therefore , realised property should bear- ^ t least th & lMgest pr oporti on af the burdens -of the . ' State . Sftieenres shomfd be abo lished , pensions should be-reduced , aud th * annual < .= ?;«* £ * should be- brought within the- limits of
, „ absolute necesshV-Mr . W . Howaidi seconded tho resolution . —Mr . Hearne suggested that the meeti n" raht to support the obje & h for which the Liverpool Associate was formed aad assist Mr . Cobden in getting his budget . Be wanted to have- a resolution to the effect . —The resolution was carried as proposed . —Mr . Thwaitos moved that the plan of financial Reform , proposed by Mr . Cobden , M . P ., Was deserving ' of the utmost support , and that Mr . Alderman Hump hery and Sir W . Mblesworth , the members for this borough , be requested to aid his . efforts in the House of Commons for its legislative ! adoption , and otherwise to promote a more cquitj able adjustment and general reduction of taxation —Mr . Elkington seconded the resolntion , which was
Financial Reform Meeting In Marylerone.—...
nlsP earned unanimoiisl v . —Tlinnks wove votc ' Emancipation of Labour , th . o ^ i ' ' tl e nu nn"r ' Home Colonics , the Siiff aire , an nLTs i and Scientific Education . * tW mllo ^ ^ te three first rules of the "National Or- nation ft Trades , " founded by A . Walton , and RhhUMvH teihgent compatriots , the Metropolitan TrntW lie legates : — " That the Land being the gift ofthe Alnnglity to the people universally , ought to be held in sacred trust by the state for then- benefit , and not be exclusively possessed by a fractional part of the community . " " ' flint the Elective Franchise * should be extended to catit man of twenty-one years of age , of sound mind and uncontnminatcd by crime . " " That education should be seemed by the government for the people ; and that such education , on the part of the state , should be of a strictly scientific and secular character , without in anv way
interfering with the right of parents to give such religious instruction to " thcir children as thoy mav think fit . " A preliminary meeting of the journeyman tailors of the west end of London , was held . it the Coach and Horses , Silver-street , Golden-square , on Friday evening , February the 23 rd , at which several of the leading committee-men , assisted by Sir . A . Walton , were present , when it was unanimously resolved to call a public meeting of the journeymen tailors ( especially of those who ' work at home ) , to be held in the large room of the above house at eight o clock , en Sfonday evening next , March the 6 th , to consider the propriety of joining the National Organisation of Trades in support of the fbrc > 'oin <> - measures . An active sub-committee was fowmxf and the preliminary arrangements dulv made ; we are also informed that in a ~ few davs a public mceti ? ? f t /™ cwI tw , lwi of London , will be held in the Hall of Commerce , Thrcadneedlc-street Citv tar- the promotion ofthe same glorious objects . Live the Organisation of Labour ' J
Iuish Waste Land Improvkmknt Society—The ? Ki"ffl ° V ° , sl , ardl 0 ld ^ in this association \ vas held on Tuesday , at two o ' clock , at thrf King s Head , Poultry . John Heathcoto , Esq M p in the chair There were only fifteen shareholders present . Mr . 1-rv , the secretary , read the report of the directors , and also a report from Col . Robinson the managing director . These reports went into * detail respecting tho depressed condition of the society , and it appeared from them , that the -ross receipts had been £ 31 , 000 , and tlic estimated assets of the company were about £ U , 0 m > , Out of 7 115 shares , 4 , f > 75 had been forfeited . Tho secretary while reading these reports , announced his wil / hlrl ness to have his salary reduced bv £ -20 a vcar From questions put to tho chairman' it anneurod tint
£ i i , T- . \ . ll ! id hcen ca , ' < - ' » l > , and that ± . l . ouU remained m arrear upon tho last call A discussion was raised with respect to the means whu-h had been adopted to enforce the payment of the arrears . —Sir . Slorris wished to know what was done with respect to Sir . Daniel 0 'Council ' s shares ! lL J mie wlMJ V gentleman was receiving . 4 JO , 000 a year from the finest , but at the same time poorest , peasantry in the world . There Avas no answer to this question . Mr . Morris I suppose he was applied to' {—Tho Secretary : Oh ves —Mr Slorris : And yet he was called the saviour of his country . —A Shareholder inquired how manv actions for arrears of calls had been brought ?—Tlie Secrewrits have
tary : Twenty been issued . altogether — Mr . Slorris read two letters from ^ cntleiiicn residi ' nn ' in Ireland , in which the writers described tlie prot perty of the company as not north more than £ 1 , 000 . One Of these gentlemen prn ved to have his shares forfeited . He ( Mi : Morris ) was surprised to find that the noble chairman of the company ( the Earl of Devon ) vras one of tho defaulters upon call " Ultimately a committee , consisting of Sir . Morris * Mr . Tooke , and Sir . Ware , was appointed , ' to assist the directors in taking tlie most expedient measures for winding up tho society , which had been thirteen years in existence , and had proved a total failure . The meeting then separated .
Distrkss amo ^ cst the OrEitATivBs . —On Monday a large meeting of the operatives of Birmiii"hani took place w \ a large open space called Costagreen , in that town , to take into consideration tbe distressed state of the trading and working classes ofthe town and district ; and to adopt a communication to government , requiring immediate measures for the employment ofthe people . —The Chairman . Mr . J . Mason , shoemaker , observed that the meeting had been called for the purpose of g ' mn" an opportunity to thoso not employed to attend and exhibit before the public eye tlie extent of distress existing in the town . It had been reported through the public press that Birmingham was in a statc " of advancing prosperity . Sow He had consulted working men in every branch of trade , as well as
tradesmen and manufacturers , and from them he had found that the trade of Birmingham was in a most depressed state . It was now nearly three vears since this depression commenced , and it was stated that it would soon pass awav . The question was , whether there was any just ground whv tho industrious man should not be employed , " or whv the manufacturer should not have remuneration for his capital , and why England , containing so much capital and skill , should have such a Avrctchcd pollution . The government attributed the distress of Ireland to the indolent habits of the population ; but he asked to what was the distress of the English people ovring . It could not 7 , c ll'Oni linloii'liL'C . ^ XUB aristocracy were rich , and there were many outlets for the commerce ofthe country , with everything
necessary for a great country ; yet in the midst of all this abundance , they wore in a state of distress that was disgraceful to any government . In 1805 the number of criminals was 4 , ( i ( . ' 0 ; in 1810 during the war , there were not 5 , 000 committed ; in 183 ( 5 the number amounted to 20 , 000 , and in 18 ' 12 the number of committals was 28 , 01 . 10 . If this state of things continued , and the aristouracy continued in possession of the government , excluding the working men from their share in the representation , the consequence would be that England would fall from her hi gh position among tlie nations of the earth . Many good artisans in Mrinhiglmni wcro breaking stones , and there were more of them at this season of the year than were ever known before . As to the workhouse , it was so full that ei ghty of
tlic inmates luul had to como out to prevent more serious consequences ; and those parties having found the out-door relief too little for them , had applied to be re-admitted into the workhouse . Several speakers afterwards addressed" the meeting , and resolutions complaining ofthe present state of affairs , and calling for legislative redress , having been passed , it was agreed " That these resolutions be embodied in a communication to the Home Secretary , and a respectful request made that he will , reply , expressing Avhothcr ministers intend io introduce any substantial measures to remedy the unnecessary destitution so prevalent in this country , but which is deeply aggravated at tbe present time . " The memorial having been adopted , and a
committee appointed to receive the reply irom the Home Secretary , Mr . Slason urged tlie propriety of tho unemployed working men of this town communicating with their suffering brethren in Manchester ,. Glasgow , and cIscAvhcrc , in order to devise some plan for procuring an amelioration of their condition . He deprecated anything like disunion between : the middle and working classes—a result which could only end in greatly retarding the progress of freedom . " As a proof of tlie increasing ' distress amongst the artisans , he cited the fact that in the year 1848 no fewer than lS , 5 lii tramps applied for and received relief at the ^ Birmingham workhouse alone . The meeting , which had been ivell attended , throughout , terminated at five o ' clock .
Mk . eti . vg at Dkbbt . —On Tuesday an influential meeting of professional men , manufacturersr and tradesmen , convene *! by circular , was held : in the ) ToAvn Hall , to take into consideration the propriety of establishing a Financial ltcform Assoaiation in , Derby . Sir . Aldewnan Pect was voted : into the chair . Sir . Couneill & r Sladeley moved the-following resolution : — " That an association be established , to be called the Derby Financial Reform Association , and' that its objects be : —1 . To use all lawful and constitutional means of inducing the mostirigid economy in the expenditure of the government . ' eonsis-. tent AVitll due efficiency in the several departments * , offthc public seuvice ; and to secure aanore equit * able and econemieal svstem of taxation . 2 . To
oo-operato with the- Liverpool Einancial-. lleform Asso- - ciation and other bodies , in their efforts to acconv iplish the aeove objects . " Tho resolution Avas carried unanimously , and a series of rules adopted . Mr . Aldermaji- Pcei was appointed president off tho association ;; M * .. Councillor Mozfoy ( of the arm , of Boden and Moaley , lace manufacturers ) , and Sir . Councillor Haywood ( iron merchant , linitnnnia . foundry ) ,. were- appointed vi'ce-presidcitis .. ; Mr .. Councillos-Madeley , secretary t and Sir . Asldorman ; S . Fox , tuansttrcr . A council ? of fifteen members * comprising ] j 3 rofessional men , manufacturers , audi leading trad & anwi ofthe team , was also nominated ; and tiie- association was Punched um '& r most fa- > YOUr & bto auspices . A public meeting ^ shortly bo held .
Io«M».—The Wither And Its *Fkeclsu'~The;...
Io « m » . —The Wither and its * FKEClSU' ~ The ; high w \ nd and rain that prevailed hi the metropolis all day on Wednesday , We caused no inconsiderable bass . to the varied interests , but more especially to the shipping . In tho Pool , several of tho smaller craft were visited with the full fury of the squall . Notwithstandi ng the utmost exertions / , several schooners and brigs snapped their cables , and , it required all the experifnee and skill o . t the . crews to prevent the vessels running foul of each qthet . ¦ : ' : <• ' ' EfPKCIS OP THB &/ 0 BM IN St . Jiilis ' s ; FiKK . ~ On , Wednesday evening , three large elm " trees withm the enclosure were uprooted by the fiolence . efih ^ storm . One in falling smashed the iroiVrailfla'gs opposite the stepa of the Duke of Yortf-agfeoWfettCaQ-: otter- fell across the iron gate close to ^ the ^ iaesa . lodge ; facing- 'the Horsfc . Guards . Tho twe £ "WhieU ; have been torn up aro all sound . ' ' ¦* $ =,.. .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 3, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_03031849/page/5/
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