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V I * Ytxt v r ;*> ;' \ 1 b t rt ' * MAT...
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HUI VITT'S JOURNAL . OF LITERATURE AND. POl'TJLAR- PROGRESS. Edited hj Wiuuikind
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Associations for the purpose ofendeavoarieg to get £zct&e abuses done away are springing up in aii parL uf Scotland.
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The Frankfort Journal of the 23'& announ...
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NORWICH.
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Mr O'Connor purposes being in Norwich on...
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IRE NORTHERN STALi SATURDAY, JULY 3 . 1847.
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THE COMING STRUGGLE. We postpone the dis...
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COUNTRY versus PARTY. Since last we noti...
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FROST, WILLIAMS, AND JONES. We direct th...
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The week has been ...
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£c jRramntf & Ccrresuoiita t&
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iioki. '^r NOTICE.-I am daily receiving ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
V I * Ytxt V R ;*> ;' \ 1 B T Rt ' * Mat...
V I * Ytxt v ;*> ; ' \ 1 b t rt ' * MAT ? . Ml ? Hlfe' ^ SO'ST-tfE ^ RN STAR » , ^ ,, ^ , ^^ ,., ^ , , >^^^^ i t ^^^ ¦* * ^ 11 .,.. T ^ ... ^ yMftjQrtion ^ iiitJWHWWi h . 41 'i >^ n'fty * J *'' ¦ - —d ¦ — 1 — ¦ ¦¦¦»¦¦¦ - ¦ . ——^ 1 ——r ^ HMWRIMMiaMnaHMn ^ Mi ^^
Hui Vitt's Journal . Of Literature And. Pol'tjlar- Progress. Edited Hj Wiuuikind
HUI VITT'S JOURNAL . OF LITERATURE AND . POl'TJLAR- PROGRESS . Edited hj Wiuuikind
Ad00409
. UA & X 110 WITI . - -.:. The Monthly Part for July contains Sue "Bine Emrra--wnt ^ , l » y Alfred Harral , AV . Mcaeom , arid H . Wahnesley . . ^—Tfieliouhtaia P qaet ; The Month in frwspect—Jane ; The Emigrant ; Qerrynane AUbey ; HeiMDirjT , « ind Bortrsitot' Hans Christian AntkrseiU WithitofoUomuyOrigimlPapcrs :--Iife . in Manchester , by Cotton MnfherUills ; On the Temperance Refonnati ^ B , by P . P . Carpenter , B . A . ; S pring Flowers , by the Author of Ar . 'th ; Sonnet , by . Richard Howitt ; the Month in Prospect . ^ hy William Howitt ; the D . fiusion t , f Tracts , by Joseph Barker ; Labour Worship , " by Edward Youl ; On the-Present Condition of the People , !? the Rev . T . Wallace ; the Emi-ETautfs C-jinuUiint ; Rw Trade RcroHeetions , by Dr
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AUXILIARY TO THE NATIONAL LAND COMPANY . . THE NATIONAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT SOCIETY . Patron—T . Waklcv , M . P . LHredors—Messrs P . M'Grath , T . Clark , andVC . Doyle . - Sank—The National L ? nd and Labour Bank . Seeeclary—Mr E . Stallwood . Central Offices , 83 , liean-streit , Sotw , and 2 , slittie Vale-. place , Hammersmith road . THIS Society presents greater advantages to _ the Indnstrious Millions than any similar Institution ever established . Rule * ' and every information required can be obtained at the following places : —Mr LanTiince , AVhitttagton and Catj . Churcb .-iw , Bethnal Green ; Mr Jtfirej , Tanners ' Anns , Bennondsey . road ; M > - i . Simpson , Hcrris <» ' '» Assembly Rooms , East-lane , Walworth ; iderlierts Temperance Coffeehouse , Exeter-street ,. Sloane-street ; Mr u afford , Tcnipcrauce-hall , Broadway , Westminster ;
Ad00413
TO TAILORS . B . Read' s New Patent Indicator for finding proportion and disproporuoa in all systems of cutting . Caveats granted , April 22 nd , 1 SJ 7 . signed by Messrs Pool ami Capmeal , Patent Oifice , 4 , Old Square , Lincoln ' s Inu . Dc-« laration of same , signed by Sir G . CarroR , Kat , Lord Mayorof Loudon . T llE LOSOOS AXD PARIS SPBLVG ANB SUMMER FASHIONS for 1 S 17 , are now ready , by BEXJAMIN READ aud Co , 19 , Hart-street , Bloomsbttry square , London ; and by G . Bcrger , Holy well-street , btrand . May be had of all bookseHers wheresoever residing . By approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria
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TKE TAILORS' TRADIXG COMPANY . A 5 BMBER OF JOURNEYMEN TAILORS ( Members of the JTatonal Association of United Trales ) bavin ; formed a Company to release themselves from the oanefal influence of . unprincipled - ompetitors respectfully inform the operative cla & es , generally , that tliej have opened as establisiiiucnt at Xo- 7 , VICTORIA-STREET , MANCHESTER , where tlu-y can be supplied with , every article of clothing sis cheap an 3 better made than at any of the ( so-called ) -eL & w £ staUifhiue ! it i W 0 SKIX 6 MJLW SUPPORT YOUR OWX ORDER inaUalteupt t ) demonstrate the benefits of ASSOCIATIVE LABOUR .
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A COLOURED DAGUERREOTYPE PORTRAIT in best morocco ease for 10 s ., which is 15 s . less than any other London establishment , and warranted to be equaUy good , by MR EGKRTON , 143 , Fleet-street , opposite Bom-erie-street , and 1 , Temple-street , Wtiteiriars . Open daily f . om nine till four . Foreign Ajiparates Agent to Voigtlander and Liribours , a complete Hook of instruction , price 7 s . Cd ., by post les Pri e Jfetssentpostirce .
Ad00415
BALDNESS EFFECTUALLY REMOVED . A SURGEON residing in Cork having , in the course of bis Practice , had WisaUentioD , particnlar ] j directed -to , andacguired great experience in the TBEAl'MENT OF CAPILLARY DISEASES , hegs . tor inform those persons afflicted with BALDXES 6 ( whether in jouth or ad-¦ vancedin'lifel . inaT , by a most-simple process , REPRODUCE that ' uecessary ornameat . Parties applying willre-^ nire to enclose a small quantity of hair , and a fee of Jive * ^ nS ' . by . post-oSice order , in . favour of Surgeon Edward Williams , 18 , 'Ilenry-snrest , 'Cork ; when the ne--* 5 s »» y ructioa wiUbe & 'wardedbyretnrnofi «> st .
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A GOOD FIT YTAB & AHTED . SUPSRFIKE BLMIK CLOTHES made to order at the Gebat Vljstuts Empobiok , 1 aiid , 2 , Oxs-oau Sibeet , Loxnos , which neither spofcaor change coheir . Only £ a las the complete suit of any rze . These cloUies . cannot be equalled at any other Tailoring EstabUshinewit UBSDELLand Co . ' s , -. Fiae Llama Cloth , for light over , coats , made to order at £ 112 s . TheAerj finest only £ 2 . which for dorability aud elegance cantiot be * surpassed "With silk linings , 3 s « xtra . Omnibuses to and from Jtho City , stop . at the establish , ment every rciuute of the day .
Ad00417
WASTED TO BORROW , the Sum of FORTY POUNDS for SIX MONTHS , by a respectable Man . Rate of uterest , Ac . may bo known fcj' addressing ¦ W . B ., care of Mr James Cox , juu-, So . S , Staiilcy-streut , Manchester .
Associations For The Purpose Ofendeavoarieg To Get £Zct&E Abuses Done Away Are Springing Up In Aii Parl Uf Scotland.
Associations for the purpose ofendeavoarieg to get £ zct & e abuses done away are springing up in aii parL uf Scotland .
The Frankfort Journal Of The 23'& Announ...
The Frankfort Journal of the 23 ' & announces the arrived at EUinore of a Russian fleet , composed o eix sbips of the line , one frigate , one corvette , om hrig , and one steam-boat Those vessels vote to in followed bj several other ships of the line and three irigatea . As Iskockxt Cosvicr . —A highway cobber ? was committed in tbe early parttf 1816 by four persons . near Hertford , and three were taken into custody and tried at the February assizes , and being fonn <> J * Guilty" weresentenccd each to fifteen years' transportation . William lkwcru , ore of the persons convicted , declarrd his innocence of any participation ill the crime after sentence bad been passed Upon them ; bat the testimony of his fdlotr . & mvkts was of a
doubtful rature , owing to their silence en the subject previous to conviction . Another of the guilty parties having been recently taken , confessed to the chaplain of the Hertford Gaol that William Bowers was innocent ef being a participator ia the crime of which he was convicted , and named the other person , etillat large ; and it coir having been satisfactorily established that Bowers was really innocent , a free paid n for him was received from Sir George Grey , Settitary of State , by Mr Ua ^ tennan , Governor ' ol Ine IVarror convict-hulk , at Woolwich , on Wednesday , and the prisoner was immediately liberated . The poor man appeared greatly delighted with the prospect of his immediate return to bis wife aud three children , from whom he has been separated daring the last eighteen months , snd his cose is one deserving ;? the , consideration of the authorities at Hertford , to enable him to become again a useful IKBte . efMSwfr-
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, . . . just : PUBLISHED ,.:. ; j NO . VII . W " THE UBQURER , " ¦ - ¦"¦¦' ¦ - CONTENTS . ; . ¦ ¦ r - ' 1 . Oaward ^ i ^ SmeitJones . ' ' ¦ ... -,.,..- . - 2 . Bducatkmand the Russell Cabinet , . . . S . The Romance of a People , ¦¦ •• : ¦ • - ; 4 . V . isittoO' £ onnorville . 5 . The Insurrections of the Working Classes . 6 . Tiie League . ' , 7 . The Confe s sions of a King . a TheQamo * Laws . , ' Volume xsz . Foss , neatly bound in cloth and lettered Frxe 3 s . 6 d . Just reprinted ,- and may be had on applications . NO . III . of " THE LAROUUKU "
Norwich.
NORWICH .
Mr O'Connor Purposes Being In Norwich On...
Mr O'Connor purposes being in Norwich on Monday next , tlie £ th inst . He will travel by tbe mail train , which arrives at half-past four in the afternoon . Next week-Mr -O ^ Connor wll reply to the Bolton and Dudley invitations , which he hopes to be able toaccept . -, Kext week ' s £ te will contain "A Practical Lsrraa fbom Mb . O ^ Connor on the Land Plan . " and a full report of tie Demonstration at Norwich .
Ire Northern Stali Saturday, July 3 . 1847.
IRE NORTHERN STALi SATURDAY , JULY 3 . 1847 .
The Coming Struggle. We Postpone The Dis...
THE COMING STRUGGLE . We postpone the discussion of several topics interesting at the present moment , but which must give way to allow us to copy the following able and admirable article from 1 he Labourer ( Chartist Magazine ) for July ;—
THE LEAGUE . So far were vsefrom supposing that the Anti-Corn Law League had abandoned the field of agitation , that , from the passing of the measure down to the present time , we have sedulously impressed upon the popular mind the fact that the . triumph of PS . EE TRADE is but as yet the recognition of a principle , the moulding of which , for good or for eviL must wholly and entirely depend upon the details to be . determined upon for its working .
Aware of this fact , the leaders of that party will strain every nerve to insure a majority favourable to their views , and , with characteristic decepion , will tack bits of extra liberality , apart from that question , to their addresses , in the hope of diverting public attention from the consideration of the master grievance—the grievance of the owners of mechanical power representing the interests of the manual labourer . This should now be the all-absorbing question with all who hope to live upon their own industry upon the proceeds of their own labour , undiminished by the clippings of protected capital and represented
power . During the heat of Free-Trade agitation we adhered to the doctrine , that the capricious adoption of the priniciple , unaccompanied by prudent aud necessary concessions , and fair adjustment , would , firstly , pauperize the manual labourer ; secondly , would make bankrupts of the small ' shopkeepers , who depend , for profit and existence , upon the state of the labour market ; thirdly , would reduce the farming class to beggary ; fourthly , would confiscate the property of the landlords to Jew jobbers , muueymongers , and mortgagees ; fifthly , would convince the Free-Trade manufacturers that they had caught a Tartar ; and sixthly , would compel the government
to do that , from terror of bankruptcy and revolution , which , if done in time , would have averted both , and have preserved the several classes of society in their respective positions . Our readers must do us the justice to admit that we have laboured incessantly to convince the shopkeeping class that their alliance with the free-traders resembled the union between the lamb and the tiger , the mouse and the cat , the lark and the kite . We have further described the present general movement as the struggle of the Democracy of each class against the Aristocracy of its own order , aud our position is being
daily strengthened by the increasing class feuds now promising defeat to faction , which were only smothered by the dangers threatened hy famine , but which a General Election will swell to madness and rouse to fury . The destructive policy of adopting the principle of Free Trade , unaccompanied by a fair adjustment of all interests affected by the change , has rendered the stability of governments a mere problem , contingent upon the chapter of accidents , and henceforth , as now , tenure will be regulated by the barometer—a glance of sunshine elevating , a cloud depressing , ministerial hope . Is this a position worthy the greatest nation in the world ?
Here we introduce the address of Mr Cobden for the purpose of arousing the industrious to renewed energy and opposition , and to illustrate from it the prospects of the realisation of those very predictions which Mr Cobden was wont to treat as chimerical , but which now haunt his Free-Trade dreams as fearful realities , only to be dispelled by a strengthening of the party , whose measures have been the causeof the admitted result , which Mr Cobden deplores .
TO TOE ELECTORS OF STOCKPORT . iGuKiMMEN , —Should a dissolution occur before I can have the pleasure of meeting you in person , I beg b > be-allotted to take this mode of again soliciting theihoBourof being-one of your representatives in Parliament . I deeply regret that you will be called upon to exercise the elective franchise at a time of great niafiufacturiar- depression . It is . ne consolation to geuerous < rnindB to know that their sufferings are shared by others .- ; but , unhappily , almost tbe whole of Europe is mourning over -deficient harvests , amidst privations , arhich for sevocrty and extent hare no pac & Uelin the present century , it is possible that
to some of my mends , vrha voiced in the brighter urogpects afforded by our receo £ « ommcrcial reforms , the existing distress may have wroucht feelings ot doubt aad discouragement . Freefrade cannot avert a sadden and calasutoas visitation of Providence ; it can only alleviate its pressure . Bat the present crisis has at least this consolations—that it has brought , from all quarters , proofs ofYbe soundness and beneficence of our principles ; for we have seen the governments of tbe continent , with hardly an exception , abolish their multiform regulations ofths corn trade , at the moment when , if their interference be ever efficacious , it was the most needed ; and we see them now relying upon the energies of emancipated commerce alone for saving their people from the horrors of famine .
It must , however , be acknowledged that we enter upon the new commercial era nnder unfortunate circumstances . I do not allude merely to the prese . it scarcity of food , which in all human probability wu'l 6 e of short duration ,, but also to the possibility of a sudden reaction in the opposite direction , which may protract lor a time the transition fiora the restrictive sys Jem to the more squabble state of freedom . The present , exorbitant prices will cause , as in former timea in England , a greatly increased production of corn . At the same time the agricultm e of tbe whole civilised world is under the stimulus of famine
prices ; and should we be blessed with a succession of good harvests , wo may anticipate a glut of corn , not as the result of lice trade , but of the present scarcity . A similar process , to be followed possibly with like result * , is going on with another important interest . The present enormons cost of freights , hy which not a lew of the shipowners of the Mediterranean will clear the value of their vessels ia this year , is everywhere causing large investments of capital in shipbuilding . Judging from former experience , it is not therefore improbable that these two interests , which have been tbe least fefonzsble
The Coming Struggle. We Postpone The Dis...
tofree trade , may _ be | ej : e ,: long simultaneously exposed to the efftcts ot ' a reaction from their present excitement . It ihere be '; any force in these views , they furnish the . strongest . motives to the friends of free trade for Bending to the next Parliament-during the -existence of which the ^ process I have described will in all probability he pared through—representatives rj | : tried convictions , who will guard with ; firmness the great measures of last year from the dangers to -which they may be exnosed in their transition state . Should you honour me with your confidence , I shall hope to be found with-renewed health at my post ,
prepared to show that'the present state of trade is no fair experiment of * our principles , and that the consequent reaction will be only an exception to the ordinary operation of'free trade , which , when fairly tested by-time , will , isfervently believe , promote . the prosperity and harmony of the whole community ; and I shall return tosEngland confirmed immy opinion by the sympathy expressed for our principles by the best and wisest men in other countries , that it we continue with firmness to offer to the world a good example , it will he eventually followed by al ! other civilised nations - - ¦• < -. . ¦
Gentlemen , if at thisdistance I do not attempt to enter upon the discussion : of other matters , it is not . because I am insensible of the importance of thequestions which must at the . earliest possible moment , engage . the attention « f the - Legislature ; foremost amongst , which is the state of Ireland . I will only add , that in every question brought before Parliament I shall , to tbe best of my humbio ability , act upon the principle of doing equal justice to my fellowcountrymen in every pan of the United Kingdom . I have the honour to remain , Gentlemen , With sentiments of respect and gratitude , ' Your faithful servant , ' - - Venice , June 15 . RICHARD COBDEN .
The reader who has followed us in our ANTIFREE TRADE career for , tlie last , fourteen years , will , doubtless , smile at the admissions made by " the acknowledged leader of the FREEiTRADE party ; but we doubt that the mysterious consolation offered by tiie prophet will have a sufficiently instantaneous effect in dispelling the disappointment so generally felt hy the enthusiastic gapers , who felt co nfideiit in the iirnmrwd magical ahuiidar , r /> . to secure the desired hearty co-operation , for the further problematical results , for which they are now . invited to contend . , -,
We shall now consider the enigmatical and very problematical results , for which those friends of Mr Cobden , " who rejoiced in the brighter prospects afforded by our recent commercial reforms , " are sought to be enlisted as the " representatives oi tried convictions . " ¦ 'We can well believe in the disappointment experienced by Mr Cobden ' s followers , and feel convinced that they are possessed of feelings ; of doubt and discouragement ; but we shall select passages of the candidate ' s address for comment , which are apologetic for the past , or encouraging for the future . Mr Cobden says , Free-Trade cannot arrest a sudden and calamitous visitation of Providence—it can only alleviate its pressure . "
We had hoped that the blasphemous charge against Divine Providence had been abandoned ; but it appears that the League , as the Church , must have its stalking-horse . We , too , were aware that " Free-Trade could not arrest a sudden calamity ;'' but we were not prepared to find those , for whose especial and sole benefit the battle was fought , the only sufferers from the calamity ; we were not prepared to find the High Wages , Cheap Bread , aiid Plenty to do , transformed , as if hy magic , into Low Wages , no Bread , and Little or Nothing to do . We were not prepared for a reduction of wages , upon the pretence of declining markets , and Free-Trade opposition to a reduction in the hours of labour , upon tbe pretext that the Idle Poor would be the
greatest sufferers . We were not prepared for the brutal exercise of power , which enabled the master , with his ready-made fortune , to pass undamaged through that season of hesitation , of doubt , aud confusion , which Mr Cobden is now compelledto apprehend , while those who made that fortune were alone to suffer from this Divine dispensation . The writer goes on : — " But the present crisis has at least this consolation ; that it has brought from all quarters proofs of the soundness and beneficence of our principles , for we have seen the governments of the continent , with hardly an exception , abolish their multiform regulations of the cum trade , at the moment when , if their interference he ever so efficar clous , it was the most needed . "
We know not what " consolation the present crisis " may derive from the fears' and expediency of foreign Cabinets , hut wc do know the starving poor derive hut little consolation from the " Live Horse and you' 11-get-Grass" anticipations of Free-Traders . Does not Mr Cobden understand that the relaxation of the rigid rules of foreign monopolists was a tribute to fearful apprehensions , rather than to the soundness and beneficence of our principles ; and that his Free-Trade disciples abroad consist principally of corn-growers , who look to devouring John Bull as a greedy customer of their produce , rather than to manufacturers , who still look to some
restrictions , as their protection ? Mr Cobden , while dealing with Free-Trade in wholesale terms , appears to have lost sight of the question of a National Debt , and of the fact that no two countries , by any process of Free-Trade , who are unequally taxed , can by possibility meet upon equal terms in the universal pro . duce mart . Now , these are some of the adjustmeats , to which we have incessantly directed public attention , showing that all Free-Trade professors have invariably lost sight of the question of reciprocity . Mr Cobden might have concluded his last paragraph in these words ; " And we see them now relying upon the chances of emancipated commerce alone for saving themselves from Revolution . " *
The next passage is so full of penitence , despair and dismay , that we reprint it at full length : — " It must , however , he acknowledged that we enter upon the new commercial era under unfortunate circumstances . I do not allude merely to the present scarcity of food , which in all human probability will be of short duration , but also to the possibility of a sudden reaction in the opposite direction , which may protract for a time the transition from the restrictive system to the more equable state of freedom . The present exoi bit ant prices will cause , as in former times in England , a greatly increased
production of corn . At the same time the agriculture of the whole civilized world is under the stimulus of famine prices ; and . should we . be blessed with a succession of good harvests we may anticipate a glut of corn , not as the result of freetrade , but of the present scarcity . " Yes , in truth , " we do enter upon the new commercial era under most unfortunate circumstances ; " but then , what brighter prospects does Mr Cobden anticipate from future legislation , beyond the return of
Representatives of tried convictions ? However , as our object is to strengthen the popular cause for the next stragg le , let us see in how far Mr Cobden ' s present opinions coincide with our unaltered notions . Mr Cobden now sees and now dreads sudden fluctuations , while the grand object of free-trade was , Settlement of everything—an unerring standard , by which Capital might be safely expended , S peculations safely undertaken , and , above all , Labour placed upon a sound foundation . Now what were , and still are , our opinions , repeated to surfeit
?' The great danger to be apprehended from a 1 capricious settlement of the uestion , without be-1 ing accompanied by an adjustment of the several « interests to be affected hy the princi ple , is sudden * fluctuations , alterations from cheap to dear and « d ^ ar to cheap ; a period of at leas t thee years of * casualties , changes , speculation and derangement ; « in whk'h the unprotected poor will be the first and
• greatest sufferers from the measure , if not pre * ceded by Jhe just and necessary adjustments , which are indispensable to the settlement of in-• terests now , in si > me degree ' ; based upon the whole system . Let the p ^ or consumer rely upon it that he will be the first to s . 'UTer , aad his hardshi p will ' not be mitigated by the fascination of cheap bread ' as cheap and dear are relative terms , and . the man without a penny to purchase . ; he cheap loaf will
The Coming Struggle. We Postpone The Dis...
• 'hean ! objecY ' ofgreaterrcommiseration , titan ' 'the '; man who . is forcwl , but able ! to give a shilling for ' the dear loaf . ' : , . ' ,, " ; Now , we ask the impartial reader to say , whether or not our predictions , ' in pactireaVised , and * in course iof . complete- fulfilment , do-not at present haunt the free-trade dreams of'the ' Tourist ? And •' further , we tell Mr Cobdea that . uncertainty will he greater , and dependence more general , when wheat
is . selling in . Mank-lane for Forty Shillings the Quarter .. So . long as the price of wheat , which establishes the standard value ' of go ! d , fluctuates , so long will the poor be at the , mercy of the rich ; and in proportion as the value of the circulating medium is operated upon by monopelists and fqrestallers , in " the same proportion will labour suffer and industry decay , until at length the , interests of ail—and labour not the last—must be legislated for . The Free-Trade penitent proceeds : —
41 present exorbitant prices will cause , as : in former times in England , a greatly increased production of corn . " This Is but a recent discovery of Professor Cob . den , who was in the habit of assuring us that FREETRADE was the ONE THlNG . the VERYTH 1 NG , the ONLY THING required to EQUALISE DEMAND and supply . ' But , mark our answer . . We . told our readers , " that the rich market being once opened , the
cotton-growers of America , aiid all the ragriculturists throughout the world , would set about producing for the wealthy" consumers / while the taxed homegrower could hot compete against the untaxed foreigner , and that : the ¦ consequence would be a glut of j agricultural labourers , thrown upon the already overstocked artfficial market ; and the reader may rest assured that the amount brought hereon speculation , , and not the amount paid in foreign inoruoto , will regulate : the price of home produce . "
The Professor proceeds : — "A similar process , to he followed possibly , with like results , is going on with another-important interest . The present enor . mous cost of freights , by which not a few of the shipowners of the Mediterranean will clear up the value of their vessels in this year , is everywhere causing large investments of capital in shipbuilding . Judging from former experience , it is not , therefore , improbable , that these two interests , which have been the least favourable to FREE TRADE , may be ere long simultaneously exposed to the effects of a reaction . from their . prcsent excitement . "
Here , then , are symptoms of another reaction , and one which we predicted in 1842 , upon the passing of Sir Robert . Peel's cattle tariff . At that time all the FREE-TRADE journals had their BEAST COMMISSIONERS , or professed to have them * taking stock of foreign cattle all over the world ; and the Ckronide aud Sun exultingly assured us that the home-breeder would find ample protection in the high state of freights required by shipowners for bringing competitors over from Spain , amounting , as we are told , to -over four pounds upon a beast not worth more than thirteen pounds . Now , what was our answer ? Why , nearly the words of Mr
Cobden . We said , " That the trade was not not prepared for such a sudden demand , but that the ship-builders of the world would not fail to , place themselves in a position , to meet it ; and that the probability was , that the ship-builders of Liverpool and of other ports were now making the necessary arrangements to meet . the increased demands . " Such were our predictions with l egard to one branch o f trade , of'which ' Mr Cobden appears to have lost sight ; and , presently , competition in this department will cause an outcry from the shipping interest which will lead to another Free-Trade
difficulty . It is really curious to-see how the Free-Trade prophets are compelled to adopt our every prediction . We have now commented' upon the New Free-Trade cry of " RETURN REPRESENTATIVES OF TRIED CONVICTIONS ; " and but little remains for us , beyond the duty of preparing the working classes for the CRY .
This , then , is our solemn advice : that the Char , tist party should in all cases be prepared with representatives of TRIED CONVICTIONS , who will guard the interests not of a class , but of the community , in , the next Parliament . As we predicted , the enemy has drawn the sword , and naught now remains for us hut to throw away the scabbard . Cobden ' s presence , after a convenient absence , may give vitality to his own lifeless party , when it must be our care , and study to protect the unwary against the snares set for them by the designing .
There is now but one course open to the Chartist party , and that course is , to return as many Chartists as possible , of tried convictions , to the next Parliament ; and , further , to secure as many Chartist delegates as they can , by a show of hand ?* who shall speak the public mind , and who shall meet , not in a national , but in an imperial convention , when the free traders next assemble in St Stephen ' s . And the duty of those delegates will be to secure the signatures of their constituents to a firm , a resolute , and unequivocal demand for the People ' s Charter .
We say an imperial convention , because there we hope to meet O'Higgins and other honest Irish representatives " of tried convictions , representing a true and enlightened Irish mind . In order to effect this necessary object , we shall ere long point out the easy means hy which the pecuniary resources may he supplied . ' In conclusion we may observe , without vanity , that our every prediction with regard to Free-Trade
and Free-Traders has been realised ; whilo our readers must do us the justice to admit we had prepared the public mind to resist the infliction of so great a calamity as the return of a Free-Trade Parliament consisting of representatives of tried Free-Trade convictions . Cobden ' s re-appearance , added to . his plain and simple admissions of Free-Trade failure ; will go . far to strengthen the hands of the ^ Protectionists ; -and further to nerve the opposition of the industrious .
: fhe shopkeepers who may construe Cobden s admissions , into ( their , bankruptcy , will surely not longer hesitate , 'but will join those upon whose free labour and requited industry they depend . Let all how join in a Monster Petition to the New House , demanding the PEOPLE'S CHARTER as the only means of securing the People ' s Rights ; and let the improved mind , thus embodied in an imperial demand , be followed by the living masses , entertaining the same principles , to the door of St Stephen ' s , there to be committed to the guardianship of the Peop le ' s Champion—THOMAS SLINGSBY DUNCOMBE .
Country Versus Party. Since Last We Noti...
COUNTRY versus PARTY . Since last we noticed the movements of the Irish Confederates in London they have put forth a manl y declaration of their principles and their objects , and in another part of this paper we record a correspondence which has taken place between themselves and the Irish Confederation in
Dublin . We were right , then , when we hailed , amid lier expatriated sons , a hope for Ireland " . We were ri ght whfin we expected , that , true to the « ational character , though absent , they had not forgotten their countrv , but that they wuuld be striviug , even in the very land of W % ery to free Ireland from unjust domination * . We feel we we right , too , when we said that the English people would fratemiBe with their Irish brethren , when ihey found that they were striving ( or the aeltaawfi
Country Versus Party. Since Last We Noti...
bl'iect * —a' repeal bt ^ % isla ] iye'Inonopoly ; for it is . as unjust . that the English ; Government should monopolise the legislature ' of Ireland , as that it should deny to the English' their share , in the government of theifaviu country ; Governments have long acted on the principle of divide et impcra , — keep those asunder whose mutual interests'lead them to oppose you . Thus have successive ministries constantly thrown the seed of rivalries and dissensions , matured by . prejudice , between the Irish and the English . The former have been oppressed—enslaved—maltreated—hut not by the
English people ; these are innocent of the guilt— - they have suffered from the same hands that inflicted misery on Ireland . What wonder that they should at last be learning the truth — what wonder that they should at last see their mutual interests ,- and join in one cause , that of freedom from usurpation on the one hand , and ¦ privileged monopoly on either ? The wonder sooner is , that a union of both people did not long ago subvert the " union" of the Government . But , alas ' . national prejudices have been the winning cards of Monopply-with which they have tricked justice of its ' due , over the graves of the
murdered Irish . - The declaration alluded to embodies the " league of peoples" against the , " conspiracy of kings , "—at the same time that it breathes a noble and forbearing spirit ; it analyses the spirit of government , aud justly finds that no form of rule can guarantee freedom as long as power is enjoyed by a privileged class—as long as one portion of the community can impose burdens oh the other , without the sanction
and consent .. of those , so , burdened ; it holds , thai the only -right to property is a due performance of our duty as a citizen ; the only true title of nobility , that of deserving well at the hands of society ; that the true basis of liberty is Political Equality . It further - establishes the great truth , that all nations and people have a right to govern themselves by the will of a majority oi their own body ; and , were there even no other claim to be advanced , the Confederates have established herein an
undeniable right for enforcing a REPEAL of the Legislative Union . To obtain this desirable result . the Confederates have discovered the secret of true power—the cultivating of a better understanding among all grades of the toiling community . Herein a ; deep truth has been pronounced . Even as liberty cannot be ohtaitied by the working classes of a country as long as they are divided among themselves , so can it not be achieved by the oppressed of England and Ireland , until they fraternize together . Factions , in a
movement for one common object , neutralise results . The advantage gained here is nullified hy the defeat there—the energy "in one place is damped by the apathy in another . Many interests seldom work i n harmony—unite the different elements in one harmonious whole , and the result will be success . Wc complain against being ruled by individualism ; we must not oppose it by other individualism ; nationality must oppose party ; the people , as one , must resist the centralization of power , then numbers will have weight—freedom , hope—and energy , reward .
Our Irish friends are doing their duty gallantly ; they are awake to the tactics of the enemy , who professedly pass unnoticed the communications of their countrymen , as soon as they soar from PAIL T 1 SANS into PATRIOTS . As long as they follow the banner of an individual interest , they receive a helping hand—as soon as they vindicate the honour of their country against any venal leadership—as soon as they raise the watchword oi Liberty they arc consigned to the tonib of the Capulefs , or only remembered to be shunned , only sought for to be thwarted !
Onward , notwithstanding you have suffered long —you have struggled bravely—you have watched and waited faithfully ; and with such measures and such a spirit you must triumph signally , at last . The spirit that is aroused in England shall not sleep idly . It is not a selfish spirit—it , too , has pronounced the glorious words— " ALL MEN ARE BIIETH HEN . " Oppression to one is oppression to all—slab Liberty in one place , and she bleeds at every pore . Thus we recognise but one common cause— -the cause of Freedom ; and one common cnemy-CLASS-DOMINATION 1
Frost, Williams, And Jones. We Direct Th...
FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . We direct the attention of our readers to a resolution adopted by the Metropolitan Chartist Committee , announcing the determination of that budy to make another attempt to obtain the restoration of the Welsh exiles . We consider the plan of operation judicious , and the time well-chosen . If the Members are applied to before many more of them
leave town to promote their electioneering schemes , the probability is that a goodly number may be induced to accept the mission of mercy suggested by the committee . Many of the Members may find it to their interest to plead fervently for the oppressed and suffering , thereby strengthening the hands of those few good and true men , who , in season and out of season , are ever ready to urge the claims of right , and vindicate the cause of the victims of wrong .
As regards the Ministry , the time is wellchosen . With professions of . liberality the Russell Cabinet are about to appeal to the public , and although the suffrages of the electoral body will be the first consideration , tho " sweet races" of the multitude will be also courted . The Whigs have a lively recollection of the storra of popular execration which greeted them in 1341 , and if they arc capable of gathering wisdom from experience , will think twice before they venture to increase th-.- existing amount of popular hostility . At alt events the
experiment is well worthy a trial . Success would equal more than , a thousand ordinary victories , ar-d failure will result in the punishment of the enemies of the martyrs , should the Whigs take up that selfdamaging position , We must impress on the committee the necessity ot prompt action , as the days of the parliament are evidently fast drawing to a close . Should the committee need popular support in any shape , we trust that support will be afforded as promptly . Tho exiles must bo brought homo again ; and , if Lord John Russell is wise in his generation , they will ! be brought homo now .
Parliamentary Review. The Week Has Been ...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The week has been a scanty one in materials for comment . On Monday night the whole of the sitting was absorbed by a discussion on the proposition to give to three Irish Railway Companies the money which was originally voted for the reclamation of Waste Lands , and on Tuesday ni ght the Commons made " no house . " On the dishonesty , a s well as inconsistency , of the Ministry with reference to the Railway Loan , we have already commented . It will be remembered that when Lord G . fieotinck brought forward his scheme for ths employment " of
£ 16 , 000 , 000 , during four successive years , in making railroads in Ireland , the Whigs were his most determined opponents , and went even the length of threatening to resi gn if Lord George succeeded in carrying his measure . What they resisted then , thev now adopt ; but , as usual with t hem , in such a way as to make wha t ever was or ginall y objectionable in the measure a thousand times more so . Lord Gorge ' s plan had the advantage of being an impartial and a general one . It was proposed at a time when it might have been-productive of considerable benefit to the people of Ireland , by affording them profitable and useful emuloymeut—th' « very thing
Parliamentary Review. The Week Has Been ...
ih " aV > was | theX-ivantirig ; arid , ; though we think that more profitable and more useful modes of spending § £ l 6 , 000 , 000 ; mighl have been devised , yet , as com . pared with the 'wrelched ' make-shifts ^ ahd hand .. ^ I mouth plans on which' Ministers 'have prodi gally squandered ten millions sterling , Lord George ' s f measure was really entitled to the epithet of " s tates . I manlike . ' ' . In borrowing from hini / however , I Ministers have taken only . the objectionable partg ' of the plan . Tbey give three favoured companies th e I
advantage ot the public money , to ; the exclusion e others , and they take away the funds ori ginall y voted for increasing the cultivated soil of Ireland , to give them to private speculators for their own ad . vantage . A very small portion of the sura will bees , pended in the direct employment of unskilled | a . hour in Ireland . Engineers , landlords , officials , and skilled ariizans , will absorb . the largest portion f the advance . The whole of the Irish pulley 0 { Minirters , as we have repeatedly stated , is a blunder , which will cost this country dear , without
conferring any substantial relief or benefit on Ireland , m Under the " systenrof relief committees , which hat § superseded the wasteful one of useless and unprodnc . ij tive public works , two millions of persons arc now m receiving daily rations at an average cost of 2 }<} , 1 each , and involving an expenditure of upwards of ' M nine millions annually . We do not grumble at fhe 1 amount , but we do protest against the manner in % which . it is applied . If England is to advance ( en . f millions annually to sustain the destitute people of < $ Ireland , let it be done in such a way as to be ef . $ fective for present purposes , and at the same time $ lay the foundation ' of a system by which the neces- $ sity for such aid will he avoided in future . J
On Wednesday a very important measure , intra . '' r < m duced by Mr Duncombe , for the better ventilation ' ~ W of mines and collieries , and the protection and pre- */ £ serration of the lives of persons employed in them , f •** was thrown out on the second reading . Thelateness f ^ nf thf » session . .. was . .. the excuse , Governm ent" * giving a kind of conditional pledge that they *
would ; take the subject up . next session , i That some legislation on the subject j 8 { imperatively required must be obvious to every one . £ ¦ The frequent appalling accidents—if accidents they " * , £ may be called which can be prevented by the adop- \ -tr tion of suitable means—and the large and lamentable 3 ' ^ * destruction of human life which is fhe result of these " ** explosions , constitute of themselves a sufficient $ itt
ground for interference on the part ' of the Legisla- iA lure . Mr Duncombe ' s bill proposed to appoint » . 41 three Government inspectors , at salaries fixed b y the ' *?' Treasury , who , at any hour of the day or night , r * were to be empowered to visit all mines and collieries v * ( X within their respective districts . They were to be ^ armed with absolute authority to investigate all cir- 'V cumjlances relative to matters affecting the ventila 51 tioti and safely of subterranean works ; to take evi- fa dence upon oath ; and , if the actual managers or the ' *\ proprietors did not comply with the request of the » inspectors , as to the introduction of improvements , a * with n a reasonable time after notice , a penalty of ' ' * £ 100 was to have been inflicted for refusal or ne- j '•*
gleet . Sub-inspectors , under the general direction " '< of the three principal inspectors , were also to have ** K been appointed . In cases of accidents , notice was U * to be sent within twelve hours to the nearest sub- V * inspector , who was instantly to . make inves- l * . ligation into the circumstances , and attend with i ^ j » . a surgeon on the parties injured . The sub-inspec ~ W , tor was also empowered to bring actions , in the * j $ name and on behalf of parties so injured against Jss the overseers ; and . in cases where the verdict was tfm vtsS returned for the defendant , the costs were to be « Pls
paid oat of the funds provided for tbe purposes of $ m the Act , by laying a tax of a farthing a ton on all pll the coal sold in Great Britain , so that no risk of a iff pecuniary character should deter the sufferers from $ 11 seeking legal redress . Where death ensued from re- rm movable causes , the inspector was to attend M . the inquest , and re-examine the witnesses . Ac- * ffi ( ions might be brought for the benefit of 0 < . the wives , children , and parents of the deceased , S the amount- to be divided among the sur- ^ vivors , at the discretion of the Secretary of State , . W The bill also contained important regulations as to W work and wages , which would have been most bene- ?¦ .: ¦ ficialto the oppressed and ill-used miners . All )¦ '¦ ''¦<
work was to have been paid for by weight , and not £ ' " . ' by measurement ; wages were to be paid weekly , . - and no man was to be allowed to receive the earn- " ; ings of another , except under special circumstances . . It is to be regretted that a measure so much needed , and which would have conferred so much benefit on Z ' ^ ,-our mining population , should have been defeated . " ' B We can only express our hope , that if Government ; S | does not take the matter up next session , themdefati- v # f : gable member for Fiissbury will again bring it for- ?? ward , with such improvements in its machinery and % lk provisions as may be suggested during the recess . * ^ Lord Broughamat the fag-end of the session 1 "
, , , made a long speech and a motion on a matter | . which ought to have been attacked at the commence- I' ¦ \ ment , namely , the mode of doing the private bu » i- v . ;' . ness of the house . He showed , very forcibly , all : ' the evils of the present system , and predicted that . 5 next Parliament would be entirely a railway one . > The question , however , is-why did his Lordship v ^ not bring on the subject when there was time to , 1 have reformed the system , and prevented the evils 1 ; % of which he complained , instead of waiting almost ' ;( ' ?• to the twelfth hour , only to make , a flashy speech , /^ 'i and let the matter drop ? sj > f ,
The Poor Law Administration Bill , which has ex- * p - cited such lengthened and animated discussions in v . > jj ; the Commons , has been received almost with silence i | £ > hy the Lordaj . The second reading drew forth a ^ short speech from Lord Brougham , in which he 1 i stated his adherence to the principle ol the New Poor ' . ¦ ^ Law Bill , but passed a severe censure on the Com- £
mission , for the manner in which they had carried it ' ¥ out , and especially for the fear they had always shown of the newspapers . It is evident that we shall be saddled with the Somcrset-house Commission in , another shape , and that the Malthusian law ; ' :. ; ' .. , is to continue unaltered in principle , however much 'i'H its practical working may be modified by the new " ^ machinery . ' 'M
£C Jrramntf & Ccrresuoiita T&
£ c jRramntf & Ccrresuoiita t &
Iioki. '^R Notice.-I Am Daily Receiving ...
iioki . ' ^ r NOTICE .-I am daily receiving communications from V persons requiring- gratuitous legal advice in ( tie Stor , v . whoso very letters prove them to be men of property , The space of this paper is not to bo monopolised uv the rich to the detriment of the poor , whose casas shall always chtain the first consideration . Jikh men requiring advice shall in future receive ramrr niiswws nponreiiiitthigafcooffroiiilivo sliilliiigstohalfiisove . ' . rotoi according to the length of their cases and thjir - ; ' ability to pay . F . bsest Jove * i IT IS REQUESTED THAT NO LEGAL COilMUM- rV CATIONS , PHIVATB OH OTHERWISE , BE FOR- * WARDED DURING THR ENSUING WEEK , as the f Space Of this paper is limited , and tbo number of letter * $
so great , thut even most of thew will have to be an- ' % swered privately . ? J . Mann , Ilebdon Bridge . —She may , before marriage , - secure her property to herself and put it out of licr litis- i' £ ; band ' s vower ; hut it will require some skill to draw the . !>< . < settlement properly , if you will send me tliemuuesuf . ;* . ; the younc ; woman , her intended husband , and of two- ^ \ respectable trustees , and inform me what her property " fi : consists of , I will prepare u short settlement , aud wliiuli ; . ' •> : shall not cost much . ¦ •'; ; D . P ., Bolton , Uradford . —Send me a copy of the williand i 3 * before jou send it you had better take n copy to keep , < g ive me tho address of the surviving trustee , and tell we ' . '
when the youngest child came of age , and who in now rceorei ing the rents . The conduct of tho trustee seems to hare been most shameful . ' . 4 A I ' ooa Mas or tub Obovkb . —If you nill furnish me ii with tho names of the boys and their masters , I will see , S if anything can ha done in the case . Can any proof lie 'h brought forward about the promise of the clothes and \ money ? , ' ? Aoskkt Hitches , Low Mill—If your brother does ntt M return to his master , the master may sue your father w # his bond . It ; indeed , the master neglects to do hw ? duty to his apprentice ( your brother ) , und it can he y proved , tho magistrates would " probable onh'r tbr in- ;\ dentines of . apprenticeship and bon , d . io U dtiivertd i > P ami cancelled , ' ' ¦ '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_03071847/page/4/
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