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SETTLEMENT OF THE OREGON QUESTION. ARRIV...
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THE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND ME...
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DESTRUCTION OP ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND,...
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¦ U* ' Tub Popes.—Pius IX. is the third ...
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TIIE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. BA.TTLES BETWEEN...
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_ - « I think I hear aBtfle bird , who sings ( Ihe peop le bvand by will be the stronger . ** —Stuck . REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . * ]
SO . I . A few years ago , an attempt was made by certain politicians to excite an anti-Russian agitation in this country . Ukqhart , Attwood , of Newcastle , and two or three fourth-rate Chartist agitators , went through the country creating a terrible pother respecting the alleged ambitious designs of Russia . It was asserted that everywhere Russian influence was all parajaonnt , not excepting even the British government , in which the autocrat had his paid tool . The individual thus designated was Lord Paimebsto "" , whose Impeachment was demanded , his accusers asserting that they had proof- of his treachery , which would suffice to warrant the shaving of him so close that he would never need to wear a . wig . In fact , his jisad" was called for , as the betsay e * of England , and the paid slave of Russia .
"With some sound views , the originators of this movement most beautifully organised their own failure by indulging in the grossest exaggerations as to the power and designs of Ru-s a . Their exaggerations first caused men to donbt , and ultimately to reject the entire of their statements ,: and thus Russia was most effectually served by the very means intended to injure her . The " Foreign , Policy Movement , " asit wascalled , finding no supporters amongst the aristocracy and diddle class , its originators turned their attention to ihe Chartist party , —the only party possessin ° " entuusiasm , and moved by patriotic inspirations , —but this party , with the exception of the two or three fourth-rate agitators , also rejected the " newmove . "
They saw at the head of the movement men who , ibr the most ' part , were supporters of the existing order of things in this country , and who , while clamouring against foreign despotism , were nevertheless opposed to home freedom . The people wisely said , " If you are in earnest , help us to get political power , and we'll soon settle accounts with the Russian despotism 1 " This the " foreign policy" men would not do ; the Chartists , therefore , opposed their movement as a fraud and a delusion , intended to attract public attention from domestic grievances The result was , therefore , a triumph for the Russian despotism , which , no doubt , witnessed with no small satisfaction this discomfiture of its foes caused by their own folly andjshort-sightedness .
The cause of freedom and progression in Eastern Europe was materially injured instead of aided by the "Foreign Policy Movement . " The duplicity and esaggerations of the actors in that movement implanted in the breasts of the English democrats Suspicions and prejudices which are bnt now wearing away . The rapid dissipation of these prejudices and suspicions has been chiefly brought about by the recent events in Poland , aided by the light which during the past twelve months has been , although but partially , shed upon the condition of things in ihe unhappy countries subjected to the sceptre of the Tsar .
It is therefore under favourable auspices that we engage in this inquiry into the internal condition of Russia , and an examination ofthe resources of its gigantic despotism : and surely no subject can be mire interesting to every friend of humanity and to every English reader . To every irleadj ^ of humanit y , because involving the present condition of one-twelfth of the whole human race , with the prospect that that number will be greatly increased , unless the progress of the Russian despotism be checked . To every Englishman , because we shall have to estimate the strength of an empire next in magnitude and power to that of the
British isles ; an empire 'with which there is too good reason for anticipating England will one day have to contend in deadly strife , if not in defence of oppressed nations , at any rate in defence of her own material interests * fortunately in defending the latter she cannot fail to most signally serve the former . We do not , however , despair that when the conflict does come it will be not so much ibr ihe sordid object of'territorial possessions or trade advantages , as for the nobler one of emancipating Men nations , who naturally look to England as the pioneer of progress and the champion of a principle directly the opposite of that embodied in theEnsskn despotism .
Hitherto Russia has not only remained unknown beyond its snperScles , but , what is " worse , has been misrepresented , wherever an attempt has been to penetrate it . At length in these volumes we have the evidence Of a writer whose depositions are "the result of an CZtent of personal observation on his part , or of information collected by Jam ¦ onHie spot , " beyond tJie opportunities afforded to the men traveller " At last , therefore , we have something like the truth , and that
truth discloses so appalling a picture of Muscovite despotism , and , at the same time , ihe innate weakness of that despotism , that we are compelled to regard as the most sacred and ] indispensable of duties , the aiding the author in malting public , to the utmost possible extent , the astounding information which he has so laboriously gathered , and so nobly committed to the wings of the press ; that press beneath whose censure the all-potent Nicholas winces in impotent rage . .
That nearly all travellers visiting the Russian empirehave been more or less mystified , as to the actual State of the country , is undoubted ; and this is not surprising , when it is remembered that Russia is , par excellence , the country of deceit . —The Emperor deceives his people , his agents deceive him , and the people turn their utmost ingenuity to deceive their Emperor s agents . There have heen such things in Russia as vUlageshuilt lip of boards ; like stage scenery in the distance , in
desolate districts , which an autocrat has said shall be peopled ; sets of sleet and smiling peasants , with all thar household comforts have heen driven a few posts in advance of a Russian sovereign , all ready to be surprised at an abundant meal , in homes which they had inhabited but an hour . There is at the present day , in most kitchens of government establishment ? , a mess of liroli , al ways kept warm , of which the emperor tastes when playing Peter the Great , and " seeing all with his Own eyes , " he suri > .-is « s it with a visit !
The author of this work is actuated by no prejudiced antipathy against the Russian people ; on the contrary , in no work that we have read have we seen the Russian people so advantageously depicted . Neither does he indulge in idle declamation against the " ambition " -. f Russia , fie judges that ' ambition according to its results , and , ' finding those results opposed to the happiness of the greatest number , he condemns it . Indeed he shows , that the Russian despotism is destructive not only ofthe happiness ofthe greatest number , but of all , with the exception ofthe one throned . Moloch , and his rapacious agents .
There is no national , no -Russian inieresi ; there is only the interest of the house of Romanoff . Russia is a mere possession of the emperor and his famil y ; it is a Trastand important one , but the time is looked forward to when it may become comparatively insignificant . It is therefore obvious that its interests as a nation may be at variance with , and sacrificed to those of its possessor . Tbe Russian is the only sovereignty in the -world where tbe advantage of the governed and the governing , Mind as ihe latter may often be in perceiving it , are not indissolubly identified . The Russian cabinet is a collection of servants who have no object but to serve
a master , and to carry out his designs ; His influenced fcy none ofthe contradictory interests which distract a etmstitutional ministry . The terror of its vicinity , and of a power which looms still more gigantic in its indistinctness — the patient and enduring foresight of its intrigues , which play off the fears of petty states against private interests—enable it to make that silent progress which , -without obtruding itself on publicity , Twcomes startling and incontrovertible when our attention is directed towards it . Di ^ ring a time of profound pta . ee , Kuifaan influence gains ground , and she conquer * , notnecanseof thepiwershe " docs possess " but of that which she U "thoughtto possess . " *
The suspicion of his subjects which the late King of Sweden entertained to the last gave Russia all the ascendency at Stockholm that it was possible for her to possess in a constitutional country . Iu Prussia her present sovereign , led away by his fears for his Rhenish provinces , and thehope of being able to walk alone when he should have obtained that ascendency over the petty Carman states which he hoped to dispute with Austria , entered into a strict alliance ( so repugnant to his natural * "Revelations of Russia in ISiS f by an English Rodent . Third editioB . London : H . Colhurn , Great AUrttwrougl Mtreet .
_ - «I Think I Hear Abtfle Bird, Who Sin...
i feelings and personal antipathies ) with the Russian .-abinet : he has surrendered himself as Faust to Mephistopheles ; coil after coil winds around him , and compromises his position in that civilized Europe in which he - would have wished to play the liberal leader , whilst retaining the power and the sweets of despotism ; audits Byzantine craft must smile as it sees the very advantages for which he prostituted his obeisance and dignity escapin » from his expectant grasp into its own ; for whilst the sovereign of Prussia leaned for support on Nicholas to take a prominent lead amongst the German states , in the visionary hope of uniting and heading a homogeneous German people . Nicholas himself , by marriages , intrigue-, and bribes , has made that progress for his own interests , ' to effect which the Prussian cabinet sold itself to him .
These silent advances may easil y be denied ; a small portion only ofthe subterranean march can ever be adduced in evidence . A little while back the Zollverein and the severity of the Prussian censorship , which did not allow the publication of articles against Russia which it would even have permitted against its own government , where tbe only ostensible proo fs of Russian influence ; we have since seen Prussia submit to the bitter hu-oMiation of acceding to the emperor ' s imperious demand of expelling the Polish refugees . "We have seen the government of Sweden—Sweden , the country where hate of BasRia is imbibed by the child with its mother's mUk—refusing to admit the Polish
exiles . Has not the influence of Russia been recently powerful , and hardly yet defeated , in the Morea ! Is it not Still in Turkey a nundred times greater than the terror of her real strength can warrant * Has not Russia been making progress to obtain a family interest in the reversion to the Danish throne—that interest which a powerful stale may expect to gain over a feeble one through family connexion , but which is now felt to be unattainable through the alliance with great princely houses ; Nicholas has one child married to a rejeton of the Napoleons , another to the presumed heir to the throne of Denmark ; intermarriages with the families of petty German states have comprised the other alliances of his
house . There are those who , admitting the oriental despotism oftheSus-ian government , look upon Nicholas as one of those vigorous reformers who , by stern and energeticmeans , abolish great abuses , andpavetheway to the happiness of a people by acts harsh andnnjnstifiable / who consider him the man fit to role over and regenerate his semi-barbarous people . The terseness of this not very original judgment has always , wheneverlf has been applied in history , been greater than its truth . It was not tyranny and cruelty that redeemed from barbarism the inhabitants of Attica and Italy , and they can never be necessary instruments ef such reform .
On the other hand , Nicholas is rendering the lot of that portion ofthe human race inhabiting his dominions every how more miserable . His tyranny , if not greater , is more organized and more complete , than that of his predecessors . It is the savage who has borrowed tbe knowledge of anatomy and surgery to torture more effectively . His system is , to crash down all beneath him to the same ignoble level , to fetter thought , speech , and mind , and to degrade the races now beneath his rule , as well as those over which he is striving to extend it , to the condition of the Chinese , but Chinese drilled , ' disciplined , and pipe-clayed .
"We must defer till nest week our Author ' s mas . terly sketch , personal , political , intellectual , and moral , of the great Muscovite Moloch . "We should state that the present is the third edition of this valuable work , a sufficient proof of'its extensive sale and popularity , in this country ; while in Russia itself , a correspondent ofthe Athenceitm writing from St . Petersburgh states that he has known as much as 500 roubles , or 221 . paid for the mere perusal ot these Revelations . Notwithstanding its rigorous prohibition , two hundred copies of this work have been smuggled into Russia by way of Tiflis , a pleasant fact for the Autocrat to reflect upon , dreading as [ he does , a solitary look more than a thousand battalions , and trembling before the pen when vanntingly defying the sword . " "Wait a little longer !"
Settlement Of The Oregon Question. Arriv...
SETTLEMENT OF THE OREGON QUESTION . ARRIVAL OF THE HI 1 JERNIA . LIVERPOOL , Sukdat Night . The Royal Mail steamer Hibernia , commanded by Capt . Ryrie , arrived here te-day at noon , with 102 passengers , and the usual mail , from the United States and Canada . She left Boston on the 16 th , and Halifax on the 19 th inst ., and has made the whole voyage in twelve days . She brings the very important intelligence that the Oregon question had been settled on a secure and satisfactory basis , and a treaty oh a basis authorised by the Senate has been signed by" Messrs . Buchanan and Pakenham . The course of the events which have brought about this desirable conclusion was as follows . On the 10 th inst . the President sent a message to the Senate , which was accompanied by a
project submitted to him by Mr . Pakenham as one to which , if the United States government should consent , he , on the part of the British government , Was authorised to assent . This proposition was by the President , who it will be remembered , is pledged to -54 . 40 . line of demarcation , submitted to the Senate , and by them considered or debated with closed dears , on the 10 th , 21 th , and 12 th instant , and that body , by a majority greater than is required for the final ratification of a treaty , has advised him to accept the offered terms , and conclude the treaty . In fact , our latest intelligence , by the magnetic telegraph from Philadelphia , announces that the treaty was actually sighed by both diplomatists , and would be sent to the Senate on the loth . Of the terms of this arrangement the following are the leading points : —
1 . The 49 th parallel— 'till it strikes the Sound separating Vancouver ' s Island from the main—thence along the centre of that Sound southerly through the Straits of Fuca to the Sea—leaving the navigation of those Straits free to both , and the whole of Vancouver ' s Island to Great Britain ; 2 . The free navigation of the Colombia fiiver to the Hudson ' s Bay Company until the expiration of their present charter—and acknowledging their right of property in the buildings , improvements , Arc , which they own south of 49 . There are probably other stipulations abou * . a reciprocal use of the ports in Tancouver ' s Island and within the Straits of Fuca .
WASHINGTON CITY " , UNITED STATES , June 14 . The proceedings in Congress in open session have been quite unimportant since the sailing ofthe Great Britain , one week ago . In secret session , however , the Senate has been engaged on very important business—no less than the consideration of propositions for the settlement of the Oregon controversy , which have been made by Mr . Pakenham , and have been submitted by President Polk for the advice of the Senate , as to whether he shall accept them , and conclude a treaty thereon .
The propositions which have been made by Mr . Pakenham are understood to be—the extension of the 49 th parallel of north latitude as the boundary line to the Straits of Fuca , and thence through the s ' raits around the southern end of Vancouver ' s Island to Great Britain , and the navigation of the River Galumbia to the sea ; together with sundry stipulations relative to the possession of that compacy below the line of 49 deg ., and any which may belong to the citizens of the United States above that line . These , I say , are understood to indicate the propositions submitted by Mr . Pakenham , although nothing has been officially promulgated , and the senators are remarkably close and secret in reference thereto .
These propositions were sent to the Senate by the President on Wednesday , the 10 th inst ., and tbe Senate were then engaged in a discussion on the bill creating additional Major Generals and Brigadier Generals . The debate was immediately suspended , and the Senate went into secret session , remaining therein several hours , as was the case also on Thursday and Friday , on which latter day the Senate advised the President to accept the terms offered by a vote of 38 to 12 , the remaining six senators being absent , but four of them being known to be in favour of the terms . The number voting in the affirmative , however , 38 , without any of those who were absent , is sufficient to confirm the treaty if all the others should vote against it , 38 being two thirds of 56 , the whole number of senators . The result , however , will show at least three to one in favour of the treaty , instead ofthe Constitutional number of two to one .
The news that the basis of a treaty had been sent into the Senate was known in a few minutes after it had been actually sent in , and created very general gratification wherever it was told . It was immediately transmitted by the magnetic telegrap h from this city to New York , where it had a very favourable influence on all descriptions of business , because it is generally believed that when the difficulties with England respecting Oregon are settled , it will lead to a speedy settlement with Mexico also . New Tons , June 15 .
I am happy to send you intelligence of the peaceful adjustment of the Oregon question . It was rumoured last week that the basis of a treaty of settlement had been sent to the Senate by the President , but little confidence was , however , attached to the report , when it was suddenly declared , to the surprisB and joy of the whole country , that the Senate , by an overwhelming vote of 38 to 10 , had authorised the Executive to open negociations for the'final disposition of this tiresome dispute . Thus have my repeated assurances ofthe pacific sentiments of the country been most triumphantly sustained ; and no stronger evidence could be given ofthe perfect knowledge of their interests possessed b y the people of the United States , and of their firm adherence to them , than the de-, cisive influence they have exercised ever their Govern-
Settlement Of The Oregon Question. Arriv...
ment and demagogues . The President erred most egrepiously in his Ul-advistd declaration at his entree into office , relative to the entirety of our rights over Oregon . The absurdity of his statement was evident , and the bullying sp irit in which it was made has been most decisively and strikingly rebuked by the nation . The settlement of this dispute , which was entangled and inflamed through the contemptible conduct of selfish and unprincipled men , by the dignifiedjnterference of the peop le themselves , whose majestic will has been uttered in the vote of the Senate , is more emphatic than any words , both of the intelligence of our masses and the elevated p rincip les whlchguide them . The sweeping
denunciatiens of our enemies respecting our belli gerent impulses and savage contempt of the restraints of civilisation are strikingly disproved , and a more formidable argument than ever raised in favour of our institutions and their pacific tendency . It cannot fail to be a subject of general rejoicing with you , that a destructive war has been avoided in a matter indifferent to the feelings of both countries , and that the vast interests of these two Rations hare escaped the . fiery demolition which at various moments threatened them . I may indulge the remark , enpossant , that the altered tone of the English press employing arguments instead of vul gar abuse , their ancient weapon , has contributed not a little to the satisfactory arrangement of this difficulty .
The certain effect of a continuance of peaceful relations between England and the United States will he an expansion of trade and an increase of our commercial connections which will surpass aor former stale of things . Care must be taken on both sides to avoid excess , lest a ' dangerous reaction may ensue , and stagnation again set in , as in 1 S 37 8 . Humanity may rejoice , however , without bounds , and tho civilisation of the nineteenth century boast that it has achieved a greater triumph than all the victories of Napoleon . PobIiTc Febltng n * New Yokk . —For several days past the public mind has been much excitedjby the reports in circulation in relation to the settlement of the Oregon question . Notwithstanding the semiofficial source from which these reports emanated .
there was much doubt about a settlement so immediate as anticipated ; and the uncertainty existing served to keep things rather depressed than otherwise . At an early hour yesterday morning we received a telegraphic despatch from Washington , announcing the fact that the Senate had agreed to the proposals presented by the President by a very large majority , authorizing the Executive to form a treaty on the basis proposed . The vote was more than the required two-thirds , and we have no doubt hut that many of the absentees will be present w-hen the treaty is sent in for ratification : and there will be without doubt a larger vote in its favour than that taken on the preliminary movement . The effect of this announcement in Wall-street was electrical . The excitment had become intense by the surprise ; and
when it became known that all doubt bad been removed , the countenances of all interested in commercial affairs became covered with smiles , and the best feeling prevailed among all classes . The flags of our ships were given to the breeze , and judging from the exultation exhibited , it appeared as though there was a public rejoicing for some brilliant victory . The amicable and satisfactory arrangement of this important question is a victory ; it is a victory of the great commercial interest of this country and Great Britain over "those few political "demagogues , who , to advance their own selfish ends , would plunge the two nations into a long and disastrous war ; and it is another evidence of the power and influence of those interests , which are employed in cementing the nations of the world under the most liberal commercial treaties . —New York Herald .
OREGON QUESTION . The following is an authentic list of the votes in the Senate ofthe United States , on the question of advising the President to accept Mr . Pakenham ' s proposal : — IN SECRET SESSION Jpne 12 . On advising the President to accept Mr . Pakenham ' s Proposition . Yeas , 38 ; Nays , 12 . SEAS . Archer Evans Pearce Ashler Greens Pennybacker
Bagby Haywood Phelps Benton Houston Rusk Berrien Huntington Sevier Calhoun Johnson , of Ifd . Simmons Chalmers Johnson , of La . Speight Clayton , T . Lewis Turney Clayton , J . M . M'Duffie Upham Colquitt Mangum Webster Davis Miller TVoodbridge Dayton Morehead TulCS Diz Niles uiz ix lies
NATS . Allen Cass J . irnagin Atherton * Dickinson Jenness Breese Fairfield Scmple Cameron Hannegan Sturgeon faised orp . Atchison Crittenden ABSEST , Barrow Bright Corwia WOT VOTING . Vfestcott ,
The War Between The United States And Me...
THE WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . In respect to the Mexican war , there is no new Fact to communicate concerning the military operations since our last report . The official despatches of General Taylor , announcing the capture of Matamoras , shew that the Mexican force was retreating hastily towards the interior , having evacuated that town on the eve of General Taylor ' s approach , conveying with them such portion of the munition and ordnance as they could . General Taylor , however , had captured large stores and many arms , cannon and small arms , secreted by the enemy previous to his departure , but easily found afterwards . The strictest orders , which are strictly enforced , were issued by General Taylor to his army , to treat private persons and property with entire respect , and that nothing should be taken for the army but upon payment .
The blockade of Vera Cruz was officially notified on the 20 th May to the authorities , and all others concerned , by the senior officer commanding the American squadron . WeiuaKO the following extracts from New Orleans papers ofthe 31 st ult .: — ( From the Picayune . ) The barque Theatus , Captain Mcrrell , arrived at this port last night from Vera Cruz , which place she left on the 20 th inst . By her we have received full files of papers from Mexico and Vera Cruz , containing 13 days later intelligence , and verbal news of great interest . We learn that the United States steam-ship Mississippi , arrived off" Vera Cruz on the 18 th , bringing the intelligence ofthe glorious battles of the 8 th and 9 th inst ., but , very wisely , the news was only communicated to a few Americans in the city . The port was immediately blockaded by the Mississipp i and the Falmouth .
Orders were received by the American citizens from the city of Mexico , directing them to leave Vera Cruz by the 2 ith inst ., or retire into the interior : It was expected that our Consul would ge on board one of our vessels . On the 19 th an "American vessel approached the ¦ port , and was immtdiataly boarded by our officers and forbidden to enter the port . In the nig ht , however , she succeeded in slipping into port . From all we can gather , the Government is making the greatest exertions , straining every nerve to carry on the war with the utmost vigour , and by the most arbitrary measures had replenished the treasury . The Castle of San JuandeUlloa , as our last accounts state , was in a perfect state of defence , and the officers in command were confident of being able to repel an attack . They will shortly have nn opportunity of displaying their skill in gunnery and forming an intimato acquaintance with ournavalforce . The contractor for supplies for the Mexican squadron had been placed under arrest by the authorities .
We understand that the next demonstration of General Taylor will be upon the city of Monterey . This place is about ninety leagues from Matamoras . and is approached by a difficult road running through an arid and ill-watered country . It is the principal city of the province of Sew Leon , and commands the entrance of the table lands or interior of Mexico , through the passes of the Sierra Madre . To make the operations of the army upon Monterey more secure , if not absolutely certain , General Taylor designs occupying the town of Camargo , about 250 miles by water above Matamoras . To do this securely it is necessary for him to have transports of a draft suitable to the navigation of the Rio Grande . Camargo will be the basis of his operations upon Monterey , and this point must be first made the depot of supplies , and entrenched in a style capable of sustaining a siege .
It was the design of General Taylor , as we learn , to be at Monterey by the first of July ; but the want of transports to convey his stores to Camargo , has compelled him to delay further progress in the enemy ' s country till this le & ciency is removed . Camargo is situated upon the Rio Grande , and presents an admirable foundation for a display upon the interior , and from Camargo to Monterey is atout 40 leagues , or 120 miles . The country lying between that town and Monterey is more fertile than that between Matamoras and Monterey , consequently it is altogether Letter for the army to proceed froln CaniargO UPOH Mon > terey than from Matamoras .
With a view to expedite the march of the army , Capt . Sanders , who has distinguished himself in the admirable defences he has constructed about Point Isabel , has been despatched to this city to procure the necessary transports . He is now in the city of New Orleans , but will proceed up the river immediately to supply the deficiency In transports which his purchases here may leave . From the mouth ofthe Rio Grande to Matamoras vessels drawing four feet of water can run without obstruction ; above that point np to Camargo there are not more than three feet of water in many places . Steamers ofthe proper draft can scarcely be got in sufficient numbers here to answer the purposes of an invading army , and , therefore , Captain Saunders will go west to find them .
Before reaching Camargo the army will have to take tbe town of Reynosa , which is between Matamoras and Camargo . It is not expected , however , that any defence will he made of such villages .
The War Between The United States And Me...
Y iSdw foIIowiD S extracts from the New
- THE WAR WITH MEXICO . , , ^| D e « reCent , inteni ? encefromVera Cruz * « » PP <*« that the severe lessons administered to Arista , and the a , my *» * 8 oomn * a "' i . by the Americans , at Palo Alto ana Besaca delaPalma . havenotproduced the effect itwaS hoped they would . On the contrary , Paredes seems determined to carry on the war with the greatest energy . For this purpose , he had at the last accounts from Mexico , resorted to very bi gh-handed measures to replenish his treasury , b y compelling the clergy to famish subsidies , to the amount of ninety-eight thousand dollars per month . While Paredes is taking these measures to sustain his administration , symptoms of discontent and revolt arc being developed in different quarters . In the south particularly , General Alvarez was carrying on his hostile preparations ; and at the last accounts Mazatlan on the Pacific , had pronounced against the existing government .
From these accounts it is clear that difficulties are beginning to surround Paredes , which must sooner or later end in his overthrow . While he must show consistency in carrying on the war with the United States , he is obliged to make the clergy furnish the means . By doing this he will lose his popularity with the most influential body in the country , without whose countenance and support in an emergency like the present , no administration can stand . By abandoning the war policy , and making preparations for peace ; his overthrow would be still more certain and rapid . He cannot leave the capital on account of the bad odour his administration is in , caused by the recent defeats .
# The Espectador of the 24 th ult ., published in the city of Mexico , gives a description of the kind of war the Mexican Government proposes to carry on against the United States . It is a guerilla war , no pitched battles to bo fought , but the country to be laid waste , the enemy's troops harassed , and all sup * plies cut off . The Mexicans are well skilled in this mude of warfare .
Destruction Op St. John's, Newfoundland,...
DESTRUCTION OP ST . JOHN'S , NEWFOUNDLAND , BY FIRE . IivEEPooL , Tuesday . —The Princess Royal steampacket , from Glasgow , has this morning brought intelligence ofthe almost total destruction of St . John ' s , Newfoundland , by an awful conflagration which broke out on the morning of the 9 th of June inst . The Rozelle , Captain Wilkinson , which arrived at Glasgow on Sunday evening , bailed from thence on the 12 th . The alarm was given at half-past eight o ' clock , and numbers of our townspeople mustered immediately in the locality , which was soon indicated by a dense cloud of smoke , nnd shortly afterwards by the flames bursting ' " orth , and mounting far above tho roofs of the neighbour , ing houses . From the long drought the wooden tenements , of which the street was entirely composed , were as dry as tinder and the fire extended rapidl y into Queenstreet , in s ite of all that the fire companies , assisted by
the inhabitants , could do to arrest its progress . This was a wide street , and a great part of it consisted of stone buildings , but such by this time was the energy acquired by the devouring element , that doors , window sashes , and the woodwork under the eaves of the slates took five , not . withstanding that the engines continued to play on them till the firemen were obliged to retreat from the intense heat . Both sides of this street were shortly on fire down to Water-street . To cross the streeet was the work of a moment , aud in afew minutes the premises of Messrs . J , and W . Stewart , P . Rogerson and Son and Boyd and M'Dougall were one mass of flames . It sooa communirated with the oil rats of Messrs . Stewart , and C . F , Bennett and Co ., whence columns offlame shot brilliantly upwards , and were carried down the harbour by the wind , which was moderate at first , but gradually fresh .
ened as the day advanced , Mr . J , H . Warren ' s premises and vats caught immediately afterwards on the lower side , while to the westward it soon reached the extensive premises and vats of Messrs . Rennie , Stuart , and Co ., whence it spread as far as those of Messrs , Newman and Co ., destroying all the intermediate buildings and wharfs ; here , providentiall y , ravages to the westward were stopped . From Mr . Warren ' s premises the fire pro . ceeded w ith ncceleratedrapidity down both sides of Water street ; great hopes were entertained that it would be arrested by the fire-break constituting Beck's Cove , as the buildings to the east of it on both sides of Water-street were brisk and slated . With a view of stopping the fire hera , his Excellency Sir J . Harvey , who was early on thi > ground , ordered the house of Messrs . E . and N . Stab , forming the south-west boundary of the cove , to be blown
up . We regret to have to state that one of the artillerymen who fired the train was killed by the explosion , and another severely wounded . The fire crossed the break , notwithstanding , and ignited the vats of Messrs . J . and J . Kent , nnd of Bowring , Brothers . In the vats of the latter gentlemen , we understand that the fat of no fewer than 25 , 000 seals had been put , and very litle oil drained off . In consequence of this the whole of that block of substantial stores and dwellings , terminating with the extensive premises of Mr , M'Bride and Kerr , was almost instantaneousl y . converted into one mass of flame , which kindled the other side ef the street . The fire-break here was as rapidly passed as the one before , and the flames Jsoon reached the substantial premises of Messrs . Baine , Johnston , and Co ., consuming at the same time the large stone buildings
opposite , occupied by Dr . Carson , Mr , Grace , the bookstore of Mr . M'Murde , the Apothecaries ' -hall , and the other buildings to the eastward . The premises of Messrs . E . Smith and Wilson and Co . soon followed , and also Mr . Cliffs wharf , on which a large quantity of boards was piled . The break here was of no obstruction to the flames , and the houses on both sides of the street , down to Messrs . W . and H . Thomas and Co . ' s , extensive premises , were rapidly consumed ; these , and those ef Messrs . Barnes and Job , Brothers , and Co . s , were soon blazing , whence the fire crossed the next break , and the substantial stone premises of Messrs . Hunter and Co . were caught ; the Bank of British North America , above which was the residence of Mr . Milroy , the manager , was immediately on fire , and the premises of Messrs . J . Tobin and Co . followed , whence the fire rushed down the street , consuming , with the intermediate buildings , the premises of Messrs . L . O'Brien and Co ., and James Douglas and Co . Her Majesty ' s Custom-house was
immediately afterwards on fire , whence the flames extended downwards , destroying everything before tbem , including the premises of Messrs . Gill , Dunscornbe , and Harvey , and Robinson , Brooking , and Co ., and proceeded along the beach to the premises of Messrs . Parker and Glceson , at Magogoty Cove , which were destroyed , and where at last the fire stopped because it had little more to consume . The flaming embers were wafted by the wind , and set the fi m-flakss skirting the base of the hill on fire ; a house was also consumed some distance up the hill , the residence of Mr . Stiekley , of the Commissariat , not far from the Hon . Mr . dowdy ' s house , and even the scanty growth of shrubs round the summit of Signal-Hill , about half a mile from the town , and elevated 400 or 500 feet above the burning buildings , took fire . The fire was also blown to South-side-hill , nnd even over it ; and not only were the shrubs on this side on fire on both Tuesday evening and all Wednesday , but we ohserved dense clouds of smoke descending from Fresh , water Bay , on the farther side of the hill .
While the fire was raging in Water . street , and on the wharfs it proceeded up Queen-street to Dnckworth-street with equal rapidity , and ran along this street , which is on the same parallel , proceeding upwards to the line of Messrs . Newman and Co . ' s premises , where it stopped ot the lane leading from Water-street to Appletree-well . The fire swept everything before it downwards on both sides of Duckworth-street , consuming the theatre ' at the junction of Gowcr-street , but it did not extend up that street . The Catholic church and the episcopal residence in the rear of Duckworth-street were saved with great difficulty . St , John ' s Church , hitherto used as the ca . thedral ofthe Church of England , was consumed , whence the fire reached the Court-house and gaol , where , from the extent of tho buildings , and the large quantity of timber employed in constructing them , tho fire raged with great fury ; one unfortunate fellow lost his life here . From tho Court-house it communicated with the range of three story briek buildings on the south-side of Duckworth-street , containing the Commercial-room , Marine
Insurance-office , Agricultural Society ' s Musuem , & c , and burning at the same time the substantial stone house Of Mr . Prowse , the finest private edifice in the town , and the residences of the Hon . Bryan Robinson and of the Hon . "if . B . Row , also the resiliences and offices of several other legal gentlemen . The Congregational Chapel , in the rear ofthe Hon . B . { Robinson ' s house , was saved by great exertion . The fire proceeded rapidly as far as the Ordnance Store , which was burnt ; the remainder of the Ordnance buildings escaped ; on the lower side of Duckworth-street the houses were burnt as far as the house of Mr . Reid , storekeeper to Messrs . Dunscornbe and Harvey . From Duckworth-street the fire proceeded northward on the King ' s-road to Gowcr-sireet , destroying every house on both sides , and about 30 houses beyond the intersection of Gower-strcot . Along from the theatre to the King ' s road , between Duckworth-street and Gower street , a considerable number of building , fronting on the various lanes and streets , crossing from the one to the other , were consumed .
About seven o'clock in the evening the work of destruction may be said to have been completed ; so that in ten hours and a half our town was almost entirely destroyed , and the moon rose in cloudless splendour , throwing her mild light on a homeless population , who stood viewing with intense anguish the smoking ruins of their habitations , Besides the two men who were killed we have heard of ano ther aged man , who had COhiriVfid to save his bed and some valuables , and while struggling along to a place of safety with a load too heavy for his strength , fell down and expired . And doubtless accidents have occurred of which ne hare not yet heard . We believe tbe peop le in charge of the engines , assisted by
the townspeople generally , exerted themselves to tho utmost , retreating only when the intense heat compelled them ; and in one case an engine had to be abandoned , The want of water , in sitafUions easily accessible , was much felt , and we are con » lnced ; that had £ 50 , 000 been expended in bringing wat ^ r into the town and distributing it , so that every sts-set and lane should have fire plugs sufllclently contiguous , the present calamity might have been prevented , w ' nieh has destroyed 20 times that amount , and the town hrA % 8 till to be supplied with water . It is but justice to his Excellency the Governor to state that he remained , in the vicinity of the fire till a late hour . We aho observed lieutenant Colonel Law , Major Robe ,
Destruction Op St. John's, Newfoundland,...
and all the other . officers of tbe garrison , actively engaged during the whole day ; the troops were turned but for the protection of property , on the first alarm , and guards were posted for the night wherever it was thought necessary . Much furniture and valuable morchandist ? were burnt that might have been saved , had it been thought that the tiro would have proceeded so far . Several articles were removed two or three times during the day , and deposited at last in places where tfiey were soon after consumed . Many were engaged in the upper part of the harbour , in aiding their friends , and when they began to think of their own properties situated farther east , they found that such was the rapidity with which the
flames advanced , that they were too late to save much . The Nunnery School-house toDk fire , it is supposed , from some articles in a state of ignition having been carried into it . It soon burnt to the ground , and communicated the fire to the Nunnery , which was speedil y reduced to ashes . At Messrs . Bowring , Brothers , they put a great part of their goods on board a vessel at their wharf , which caught fire before she could be hauled out , and all was consumed . Their loss is very heavy ; £ 4 , 000 insured . A cold night succeeded a day eventful to the inhabitants of St . John ' s , and far the greater portion of them spent it under the canopy of heaven , the open ground in front of Government House down towards Gower Street was
occupied by numerous family groups sitting beside the portions of their furniture saved from the flames . It was a sad sight to see shivering mothers endeavouring to shelter their little babes and to hush them to sleep ! while the cries of the older ones for food had , in many cases , to be answered by "Wait till daylight , and we shall try to get some for you . " Our brethren ofthe press have suffered heavily ; every printing office in the town was burnt . At the Royal Ga gelte office part of the type was saved , but everything else , including the press was destroyed . Oar able contemporary , the Ledger , lost the greater part of a very extensive establishment . We understand Mr . Winton is using
every exertion to put the wreck in working order , and we hope to be able to announce in our next that he will shortly resume . The limes saved the press and almost all the materials of their office , and will resume immediately . The Newfoundlander press was destroyed , most of the materials saved . The Morning Post pi' --- and part of the materials were destroyed , but the greater part saved . The Patriot office lost press and materials . The Star office press and materials mostly saved ; we understand that Messrs . Ryans and Withers , Queen ' s printers , will have the use of this press for the present . At our office we saved our press and almost the whole of our materials . :
Wo never saw a fire spread with such awful rapidity the flames seemed to leap from roof to roofyand the noise ofthe burning mass could bo compared to nothing we ever heard except the roaring ofthe cataract of Niagara . The crash of falling materials was heard above the deep sound of the advancing flames , as roof after roof fell in at short intervals . We regret , to have . it to state that much pilfering was carried on , especially towards evening , and that provisions ^ were taken away in boat fulls from some of the premises at the lower end of the harbour : The following is a detailed account of the propert y destroyed : —
STBEETS BURNED DOWN . All east of Newman and Co . 's , on both sides Outer street , to Wm , Roslin's , Maggoty Cove . All east of of Hatching ' s new houses and Brazils houses on both sides of Duckworth-street , to the Ordnanceyard . On the town side of Gower-strect , and cast from Calerystreet to Cochrane-street , and above Goiver-strcct up the King ' s Road , half way to the Military Road . All the fishing rooms from Magotty Cove to Crow ' s Nest , threo rooms only left to Chain-lock , Ward < ta-roof near the Brick Archworkof the Powder Magazine . * All the fishing rooms to Crow ' s Nest ( Harvey Wilking ' s Room ) .
CASUALTIES . 1 man burned , 1 artillery-mon killed , and another wounded in the act of blowing up Messrs . G . and N . Stabbs' premises . PUBIIC BOII *> lNOS DESTBO'SED . Old episcopal church , court house , gaol , sheriff ' s house , British North American Bank , Colonial Treasury and Savings' Bank offices , Custom House Ordnance store and wharf , Exchange-buildings , Post Office , Office of Road Commissioners and Board of Control , Office of Lighthouse Commissioners , all the printing offices , nunnery , convent school house , Marine Insurance Company , theatre , roof of powder magazine .
PRINCIPAL MERCANTILE HOUSES DESTROYED . Hounsell , Schink , and Co ., Stabb , Rinn , and Co ., Wm . Grieve and Co ., Wilson and Macneill , Robert AlS 0 j > and Co ., Rennie , Stuart , and Co ., William Warrens , jun ., Boyed and M'Dougall , Peter Rogerson and Co ., James William Stewart , C . F . Bennett and Co ., J . H . Warren , Langley and Tissier , P . and W . Carter , W . E . Taylor , Shea and Murphy , Thomas Glen , John M'William , E . and N . Stabb , Pierce Grace , John and James Kent , R . O'Dwyer and Co ., Neill M'Dougall , Begg , Kerr and Co ., Bowring Brothers , R . aud J . S . Rutherford , Mathew
Stewart and Co ,. M'Bride and Kerr , Richard Howley , Samuel Mudge , Warren Brothers , Baine , Johnston , and Co ., Wilson and Co ., James Cliff . S . G . Archibald , R . F . Trimingham and Co ., John Fox and Co ., Robert Prowse , W . and H . Thomas and Co ., J . M . Rendell and Co ., Gilbert Clapp , 3 . B . Baines and Co ., Job Brothers and Co ., Hunter and Co ., Tobin and Co .. John O'DonneU , John Omara , Laurence ( yBriea and Co ., James Douglas and Co ., Michael Foley , Parker and Gleison , James Morris , Nicholas Gill , G . F . Bonn , John Cassack and Sons , Walter Dillon , Dunscomb and Harvey , Robinson , Brooking and Co ., Joon Brocklebank , William Boden , Michael Nowlan .
¦ U* ' Tub Popes.—Pius Ix. Is The Third ...
¦ U * ' Tub Popes . —Pius IX . is the third Bishop of the see of Itnola raised to the Popedom . The two first were Alexander VII ., of the family of the Princes ol Chigi , who reigned 12 years , and died in 1667 : and Pius VII ,, whose death took place in 1 S 23 . There is found in the history of the Popes who bore the name of Pius—1 st , the longest pontificate , viz ., that ot Piua VI ., who reigned 24 years , and the short one of Pius III ., which lasted only for 2 t days ; 2 dly , two saints , St . Pius I ., a martyr of the second century , and St . Pius V ., at the beginning of tho sixteenth century , in whose reign occurred one of the most celebrated naval combats of modern times , the battle of Lepanto , gained over the Turks by Don Juan of Austria , Silly , the most erudite and indefatigable
writer of the middle ages , Pius II ., ( Eneas Sylvius ); 4 thly , the second instance of a Pope dying prisoner , in the person of Pius VI . ; Sthly , the most extraordinary and unprecedented act of power , in the annals of the church , on thepartof the pontifical authority , the concordat of ISO 1 , concluded between Pius VII . and Napoleon , which abolished the episcopal sees ot tho church of France , notwithstanding tiie opposition of the tributary bishops . From St . Puter down to Pius IX ., are counted among the Popes , 6 Syrians , 14 Greeks , 2 Dalmatians , 2 Africans , 2 Sardinians , 5 Sicilians , 1 Portuguese , 2 Spaniards , 1 Dutchman , 1 Englishman , Y Germans , 13 Frenchmen , 88 Romans , and 91 Italians . Among tho French Popes is found , in the thirteenth century , the son ofa poor cobbler of Troyes in Champagne , Jacques Pantaloon ,
who took the name of Urban I \ ., and instituted the fete of the Holy Sacrament ; and in the 14 th century the son of a baker , of the county of Foix , ( now department of the Ariege ) , Jacques Fourinier , known by the name of Benedict XII . The Popes who reigned more than 20 years are to the number of seven ; St , Sylvester , in whose reign was held the first council of Nyceus , in the forth century ; St . Leo the Great in the fifth age . who had tho glory of arresting the progress of Attila ; Adrian I ., in the eighth century , who introduced in France the Gregorian chant ; Alexander III ., who laid the first stone of Notre Damo of Paris , in the 12 th century ; Alexander VI ., Pius VI ., who died a captive at Valence , in France , and Pius VII ., author of the Concordats concluded with the different states of Europe and America . — La Presse .
Italy . —Roman States . —A letter from Bologna of tho 20 th inst . states : — " An extraordinary courier arrived here this morning from Rome witii despatches for Mr . Savelli , pro-legate ofthe four legations . The pro-legate , vice-legates , and other authorities , arc to continue in their respective lunctions . The nomination of Cardinal Grizzi as Secretary of State had not yet taken place . The new Pope wished to wait a few days before nominating his ministers . It is said that an evil influence is endeavouring to thwart the views of Piua IX ,
PoniuoAL . —The following is an extract fi ' om a letter received on Saturday by an eminent mercantile house in this town , under date Oporto , 20 th June , 1840 : —" From the voluntary dispersion ofthe Guerilla force from around this city , there is every likelihood of things being amicably settled throughout the country . Indeed , within these few days past , a much greater degree of confidence has been shown : and if the government only act with energy and gaod faith , we shall , no doubt , have a much more cheering prospect ere long before us than we have had for some time past . "— Liverpool Albion , Monday .
Russia . —Tub Modifications in tub Tariff . —The latest accounts received from St . Petersburg , dated the 19 th of this month , state that on that day the modifications in the tariff , which have been ibr some time announced from different quarters , were published and immediately carried into effect . Is is to be hoped that this branch in the prohibitive system will soon be followed by further steps in the cause of commercial reform , and that Russia too will by degrees relieve itself from restrictions on commerce and industry , which render any solid Improvement of the national welfare impossible .
Blockade of the Mexican Ports . —It will be well for merchants to know the terms ofthe blockade of the Mexican porta declared by the commander of the American squadron . First , no neutral vessel is to be captured or detained on its way to a blockaded port without previous notice from on American vessel of war , to bo entered on her log-book , of the existence of blockade . Secondly , neutral vessels in port before the blockade , were to be at liberty to depart within fifteen days , with cargo or without , 'after the blockade should be established . Thirdly , Vera Cruz and Tarapieo are to be free for the entrance and departure of neutral non-commercial mail-packets . Buenos Avbes . —The following jpost scriptum is contained in many of the commercial letters of tho 8 th of May , brought by the Coriolan ;— " Two Sar-
¦ U* ' Tub Popes.—Pius Ix. Is The Third ...
dinian and an English brig succeeds J in forcing at niglit th « blockade ofthe combined squadron before Buenos Ayres , and gained the lesser roadsteads . The English and French commanders immediately manned their boats , and soon came up with the delinouent vessels ; tho two Sardinian vessels' were stfc on hre , and the English brig placed atthe disposal of the English commander . - -An English Officer s * nt to the fnhawfant " " ' ^^ ^ , Jecn P ut t 0 dcatl 1 ^ Poland —The Nbw Govbhsment of Ckacow — Cracow , June 17 . —It appears that the fate of the * republic is decided . The new government is io consist of three directors , of whom each of the three protecting powers appoints one . We arc to have on the part of Austria , as we hear . Mr John Schuidler , formerly president : from Russia . Mr . J . Mierdszeroski , formerly director of tho police ; from Prussia . the > Senator Victor Kopif .
Tiie Cape Of Good Hope. Ba.Ttles Between...
TIIE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . BA . TTLES BETWEEN THE KAFFIRS Mb THE BKITISH TROOPS . ( From the South African Commercial Advertiser . ) CAPE TOWN , Aran 29 , 181 C—Last post from the frontier brought intelligence of the commencement of hostilities in Kafflrland , and of thefirst collision with the enemy .
It appears that a division ofthe troops , under Lieutenant-Colonel Somerset and Lieutenant-Colonel Richardson , maiched from the Debariver , on themorninjf of the-15 th instant towards Burn ' s-hill , where they were joined by the Kat River Burghers under Captain-Sutton , Burn ' s-hill is a missionary station or village , situated in front ofthe gorges of the Amatola mountains , into the ravines and wooded parts af which Colonel Somerset was informed that the Kaffirs had withdrawn all or the greater number of their forces . Here the troops encamped for the night .
On the morning of the lGth , leaving a large amount of baggage an ammunition under charge of Major Glusoiv of the 7 th Dragoon Guards , the combined force entered the gorges of the mountains , and moved upon the enemy ' s position at all points . A series of desultory actions ensued , ™ one of which tbe Kaffirs an . * said to have shown a force of 2 , 000 men , all armed with muskets . The enemy seemed to have been checked or repulsed wherever the troops could reach them , or when the guns could be brought to bear upon them . Having captured a herd of cattle , 1 , 800 in number , Colonel Somerset retired down ihe hi / 1 about sunset , and formed a camp on the flat under the Amatola .
On the afternoon and ever . ing of the same day considerable bodies of Kaffirs attacked the encampment left at Burn ' s-hill , under charge of Major Gibson ; and during the night his position was surrounded on all sides , probably by the forces that had been engaged with the troops on the preceding day among the mountains , lie sent to Colonel Somerset requesting him to jnin him there , or to send a strong reinforcement , stating at the same time that it would be very dangerous for him to move with so large a quantity of ammunition and baggage . Upon the receipt of this report from Major Gibson , Colonel Somerset immediately proceeded with 200 inft . ntry under Mnjor Campbell , the Cape mounted Rifles , under Major Armstrong ; and one gun , under Lieutenant Hill , to Major Gibson ' ssupport .
Thrf encampment at Burn ' s-hill , was on the left bank ofthe Koiskama River . Early in the forenoon , Major Gibson , without having received any reinforcement , moved upon a drift of tho river , being only able to farm an advance and rear guard , leaving the whole line of waggonsbetween unprotected . In this situation they were immediately discovered and attacked by the enemy , who easily cut the line in too , taking out the oxen from one of the waggons and drawing it across the road , thus checking the movement of all behind it . Major Gibson now found himself with the rear guard attacked on all sides by great masses of Kaffirs , and was compelled to retreat to Burn ' s . hill , and again put his men in position , The advance guard , with the first division of the waggons , after some hesitation , proceeded to cross the drift of the river , and at this moment Colonel Somerset arrived with reinforcements , which enabled Major Gibson to secure and bring off his ammunition waggons ; the enemy had ca'ricd off the oxen belonging to the baggage waggons , which were consequently abandoned ,
The whole force being again united on the right bank of the Keislcama , Colonel Somerset moved towards the Chumitf , still followed and harassed by the enemy . Here , an the left bank of the Chumie , he encamped for the nig ht of the 17 th . On the morning of the 18 th he decided on retiring to Block Drift , lower down , and on the right hank of tbe river . The enemy , to the number , h » says , of 3 , 000 men followed him from the time he left the ground , and made dispositions to attack him , which they soon did , in the rear and on both flanks at the same time . Under these trying . circumstances they crossed the river , bringing safely to the right bank 1 , 800 head of cattle , with their baggage and ammunition waggons , on which the Kafirs
presse eagerly , as on the preceding day at Burn ' s-hill . The casualities of this day , during these very difficult and hazardous operations , afforded a measure mi the Kafir ' s power as an enemy in battle . They amount to one officer wounded , two men killed , and three wounded . On the 17 th also , ivhen Major Gibson was attacked by so great a body of the enemy , and compelled to full back on Burn ' s-hill , abandoning the waggons , one man had his arm broken , and a man was killed . And during the repeated conflicts with the whole of Sa "hilla ' s forces among the ravines and woods of the Amatola , on the whole of the lGth , three men were killed and six wounded . In the night attack on Major Gibson ' s camp , four men were killed and four wounded .
The loss of the bagjrage-waggons , under Major Gibson S escort , on tbe 17 th , arose from the movement taking ; place about an hour and a half too earl y , in compliance with Col . Somerset ' s instructions . IVe have information from Block Drift up to yesterday , the 20 th instant . His Excellency had arrived there in safety from Port Victoria , which is about tobe abandoned . The troops , it is expected , will remain at this place for some time . Martial law had been proclaimed there , and the whole of the forces , military and burgher , will be moved to the front . The following is an accurate list of the killed , wounded , and missing , during the engagements of the lGtli , 17 th and 18 th instant : — » Total killed , wounded , and missing . —2 captains , 1 subaltern , 19 rank and file , 11 chargers , 1 bat horse , 25 troop horses .
'( Prom Graham ' s Town Journal . ) On th . 6 moruing of the 19 ih instant ( SiuuJaj ) , eight span of oxen having been carried off from Port Victoria , where the governor , Sir Peregrine Maitland , then was , his Excellency ordered a party of the dragoons , under the command of Captain Napier and Lieutenant Hogg ; to pursue the enemy , directing r . detachment of the 01 st regiment to move to their support . It appears that at a short distance the pursuing party came up with a body of Kaffirs , estimated at 1 , 500 , and who were immediately engaged , the enemy returning shot for sh * t , with great
courage , but fortunately with no other casualty , save the loss of Serjeant Mellon , whose leg was fractured by a ball , nd who , though a strenuous effort was made to place him upon horseback , was obliged to be left upon the field , the Kaffirs pouring down ill such Strong foico , and who barbarously dispatched him with their keeries . The Governer finding the enemy so numerous , ordered the troops to fall back upon tho post , and which they did , loading and firing upon tho enemy with the same precision and regularity as though on parade with blank cartridges . Many Kaffirs were slain in this affair .
LATEST INTELLIGENCE . Saturday Morninc , Ten o clock . —An express just come from Fort Peddle , brings us the following important intelligence : —¦ " All is here excitement : Kaffirs in large bodies around the T'Slambie tribes . For tho last few nights ive have been under arms , whilo the women and children have been placed for security in the barracks . Yesterday the Fingoes and the Newton Dale settlement had sharp fighting with JPato ' s Kaffirs , and which continued the whole day . Towards the afternoon firing was heard from Fort Peddie , and soon the war-crj was heard in all directions . Capt . M'Lean ( resident agent ) immediately sent Mr . Shepstone ( Kaffir interpreter ) forward to ascertain , the true state of affairs , He was accompanied by Mr . Tainton aud Mr . S . Lucas . By the time they had reached
the scene of conflict the Kaffirs had gained tho day , and were hurrying off tho Fingoe catttle . Mr . Shepstone and his two or three gallant associates , instantly rallied the Fingoes , and then made a dash on the Kafiirs to retake the cattle . At this crisis Mr . Shepstone and his companions displayed eqUitl decision Ulld bravery , for making a dash to the rear of the Kaffirs , he threw them into confusion , and after firing a iew shots he succeeded In recapturing the whole of the cattle , and in Seeing ; thorn again in the possession of the Fingoes . At this time a detachment of the 7 th Dragoons came up , and the artillery , but too late to take a part in the affair . Fani , a Kaffir of Pato's tribe ( very strongly suspected of
beingthe murderer of the Rev . B . Sulioltz ) , cirae to-Captain M'Lean , and asked for protection on tho Fingou settle . ment . Captain M'Lean remarked , " I look on all K-ifhrs with suspicion at this moment—prove the sincerity of your intentions . " To this Fani made no reply , except that lie wished to belong to the settlement . Captain M'Lean rejoined , " Go and tell Tato that I must see him before noon to-morrow as a friend , and that if he does not come I will consider him an enemy ; I want to inform him of his daring attack on the settlement this day ; and , moreover , I wish him to bo informed thttl 1 hllVB ordered all spies to be at once shot . " Two large bodies of Kaffirs were within two miles of Fort Peddie last
night . SATOKDAT , JfoOBL—A report just brought in that >• , body of about 200 Kaffirs had made their appearance a * the foot of the hills below Mr . Fuller ' s , about three mites south of town . A party of mounted burghers hunwdly collecting to move upon that point . Reported that the country along the whole ot tut juu * reiga and Kowie Rivers was lit up last nigbt hj farmhouses fired by the ruthless enemy . EiwiR Twb-. vE o'Clock , P . M . -Dispatvhc 8 from the troops in front have this moment come in , brought by a large party ot mounted men avid ten of the CM . Rifles . We are happy to announce that tho troops havo met with no reverse-not having boen engaged with tha enemy -ince the . 16 th iust . AH i « reported to be quiet ia
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 4, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04071846/page/7/
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