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^j ^r kr 4- 1847. - - . - ¦ • ____ " m ^...
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^ —" ~^~ jtrllu D HOME. M m« B. ». TOBTB...
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&eijfeto*
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Ujaf* * n" r r rr ~r* n' n - mrnm ¦»!¦*»...
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Coro^oniMttt*
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THE PEOPOSED ELECTOES AUD SOK-ELECTOBS L...
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THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND. The court is now ...
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i^T#$^^
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; -«»¦ LETTERStON GRAMMAR; : , ! • ¦ * '...
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TM EEKEOT iHVBBTraATIOK' AT BLBAFORD.' ,...
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,\-r.t i i(Promthe8iiMibkD Memom.)' "- :...
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(Prom theLiscoiN, Rctu' bd, »kn Stamford...
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Police constable Sharpe, as well as the ...
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rams, or . The late Homicide at Sleafobd...
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i MlVittg;
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. BnxiRA-'Vov ARsm.-ThcBavonesa Von Arni...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
^J ^R Kr 4- 1847. - - . - ¦ • ____ " M ^...
^ j ^ r kr 4- 1847 . - - . - ¦ ____ m ^ ' ^ <* m - ^ ? - ' -v ; :. ¦ ¦ ^ ... ^ r ~ : ; — ——— : ; - ,: ^^ ;_ — - ^ ¦ ¦ . -- ^^^^•^ ^^^^^^ L ^^^^^
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^ —" ~^~ Jtrllu D Home. M M« B. ». Tobtb...
^ — " ~^~ jtrllu D HOME . M m « B . » . TOBTBBi ^ . ' WMold , ddhome , ^ n ow cb * ng « d «•*•¦¦ Sow ( Bent , dun , aad diffl ! gjUnt , thaagh merry voices ring Withinit ; cold and stiQ The iuabeamtftttaottai embratelt ; And call , while yoath an * beaaty grase it .
Oh ! taatUiecianfewec « paIp « w « Sr A change that I caala aee ; Could lightning rive theie wall * , And act one semblance be . Of what it toai-my heart would ml » Its loathing to think whatit »» - The same , ia oatward gah * . *• « n My consecrated hoawr Bat all thatmaaeithoh ; then tmL fled-aeath ' sdoadhath come S ^ aUlove . ia « rMJ > qaaUmg My mother . t- 'twas her angel smile , It was her love alone That made the spots * dear , and now , When smile aad love are gone , What is that dsrkea'd home to me f—Iu very air breathes misery ' .
Too well I know the history Of every tree and flower . And how it hath been planted , In soma departed hoar—Ah ! wherefore , with the hand that cherisb'd , Hare not the trees and flowers perished ! There is the garden bench , where we TauVd summer hoars away ; Tie 4 ulst parlour , whose warm hearth Endear'd a winter day ; And in tha tame old corner there , Stands , vacant now , my mother's chair ; Aaother room , above , there is—( But , oh ! my spirit siafcs , My heart stands stiB , my brain , tpeU-btrand , Half-maddcn'd , often thinks , The mem ' ry , like some frantic dream , Would vaaisn if I could bat scream ) .
I cannot come withia that room , Twould petrify my blood ; Tor I could tell the very boards Whereon her coffin stood , And etfll can see the empty bed , And her white lace and shrouded head ; The cnrtain'd wiadew , not one ray Tea on the cold , bare floor'Iwas gloomy as my own dark soul ; And when I closed that door And tarned away , how gladly I Had closed the gates of memory .
farewell ! old home : not willingly Would I retara to hear . Thy silent voices whiip'riug Their anguish ia suae ear ; Farewell ! I love thee not , for thoa Art wane than nothing to me bow .
&Eijfeto*
& eijfeto *
Ujaf* * N" R R Rr ~R* N' N - Mrnm ¦»!¦*»...
Ujaf * * n" r r rr ~ r * n' n - mrnm ¦»!¦*» n—f f * m ajrwrn *~ RELATIONS POLITIQUES . LES TROIS YICTIMES . Pab n Gokxb bz Wjxlbbob [ FoKtteal Revelations . The Three Tictme . Bythe Count deWiUbrod . ] London : Armand , Rathbone-place . { GHtimuedftw t & eStarofAttgtut SStk ) In 1615 , Feoeh g then was thrown , by a conjuncjoe of events , into the very midst of the camp of fe enemies of Bourbon . With him were associated Jdkyrand , Lafayette , Vojer D * Argenson , and titers , upwards of a hundred members of the Chamiaof Representatives , and ( last , not least , ) Paul E dier . a series of plots were then set on foot by fbese men , the last link in the ehain of which was tokenonthenLjhtof the 29 th of August , 1830 .
Talleyrand and Fonche then sought eagerly to reism to their former posts at Paris , not merely to Mcder themselves necessary to the government , but " n order to have the power of overturning it on the iBtfevoarable opportunity . Theirgreatest hindrance au the presence of the allied armies in Paris . Bat dtheagh . Louis XV 11 L was nominally King , the Me of Wellington was the real governor of France . Sotting was done without bis command or permis sn . Louis , indeed , attempted to shake off the jtke , but be was ill-seconded by his ministers , who tewed deferentially te every decree of Lord Wellington . It became , ' therefore , of the first consequence fotbe conspirators to ascertain , at least , whether Lord Wellington felt personally indifferent to the bod of the French government ; which they had wm reason to believe was the case .
In fact , if Russia , Prussia , and the other absolute rwernments , considered that Louis XVHL as the fireetbeir to the crown , carried a greater promise tf stability to the government when centred in his person , the case was rery different with England , tho sought a cession of territory as the guarantee of nodfaith , and would have countenanced any canalcue for the crown who could offer such security . Bad the Prince of Orange , on those terms , Galvi-Eoed France , or the Duke of Orleans acted over spin the English Revolution of 1688 , substituting the younger fox the elder branch of the royal faaDr , such a change efafiairs would have beentoo assonant with the religious and political opinions tf England to hare been rery warmly resented .
The first care , then , of the conspirator * , of whom & two disgraced ministers were the heads , ' was to aare themselves of the neutrality of England , & nld unexpected circumstances again place the mm of France in the hands of the people . We are , indeed , ignorant what means were taken to discover fie . secret feelings of Lord Wellington with regard to a change in the dynasty , and what the represents ve of England really pledged himself to do ; but fia colour given to certain events—the conduct of the Allies , and of England particularly , after the fosters of the 20 th of March , the facts already bewn , and those which this book will reveal , all adieate tbat the Allied representatives at Paris bad listened to every vague rumour , which tended to
Bike the state of France appear rery different to Hat it really was ; which could prove to the Sovereigns of Europe that the Bourbons were incapable tf governing the country which had received them with somuch enthusiasm ; that there existed a thou-Bsd secret causes for hatred of them . ; that , for the bsaquillity of the State , it was necessary to leave France free to choose another chief , and that this lower mmtonwagain be confided toanew Chamber f Representatives . Tie events of 1830 proved that England had bo Ejection to aid such a change , if a manifestation of pMie feeling sufficiently imperative to justify her in & % so , could be obtained . In 1815 all was prepared for such a manifestation of popular sentiment b complete the difficulties of the moment , before the inclusion of the treaties .
One thing is to be remarked , that in all these urk transactions the same of Napoleon was never brought forward at all . However adored by the sol-& ry , and in the provinces , he was hated , and his Woe was cursed by the nobility , gentry , and even fie common people of the capital . It was from the cap ofthe liber ^ that the deadliest Wowshad been given to the Imperial power ; and it was to combat rito violent aggressions of this great leader that fceign armies had twice trampled under their tases' feet the soil and the blood of France . Each »? the Allied powers had , in turn , csntributeito the all ef Napoleon , and there could be no possibility of bioguu him forward in a counter-revolution which the Allies were to permit , if not to countenance , tad the mass of the people , who hated him , and had froBted by his fallwere to plan and carry out .
, Bat as the leaders ia a revolution are seldom the * en who fight for it , it was particularly requi-Bte at that period to have the aid of the licen'tons soldiery , to whom it was necessary , before they Would take up arms , to show that tricoloured flag ¦ M en had waved above them in so many glorious * " «« igns ; when , therefore , thelinsurrectional intaguers wished to be prepared with the executive frt of their plan , they were compelled to Invoke the ** ue of the hero of the age ; that name which had *) magical an effect on the minds of those whose * tousiasm and devotion were indispensable to its febaent . * Itvasa base and infamous deception , bat ambitw agitators ace seldom very scrupulous ! . Touurathnii far advanced . little more was needed
** the preparation for the final scene . Emissaries ** speedily dispersed over France to unite all the Omenta ef disorganisation into one common head . A ppeals were made to the patrioticremembrances of ^ unfortunate armies ; the resentment of those * tae prospects had been injured by fee Restoration £ u excited : some were reminded of Napoleon and "JJ ^ glfis ; others , of the expulsion of the nobles ; Jft of the humiliation of France . In October , 1815 , * f » rgani 8 mg csmmittee inscribed en its banner ?*» word s— ' Society of Netional Independence . ' A "JPPJ motto for the union of so many different inte-2 " » onoe it excluded no party nor compromised
« was in the name of the National hdependence * w there soon appeared in each town' one or two J **** who made it their business to . prepare the tods of the people ; to enlist the determined , and """ the discontented . < itwasiuthe name of The National Independence * w yrenoble , whose treason had , eiaht months prevwslv . decided the-fate of the Monarchy , was r «* n te gire , by one daring blow , the signal for the j Pwrtum . .- " ,,- ¦ - ' - "' i 15 5 ! . » t was in the name of this same . National JJ ^«^ that . Dialer was ordered to present ^^^ erthe iamnarts of Grenoble ; as if on the * £ * « the Emperoi ; and " to obtain admission"by J |* Ver 7 gate which , on the evening o ' rthe ytb * of j ^> had opened to Napoleon and his handful of
Ujaf* * N" R R Rr ~R* N' N - Mrnm ¦»!¦*»...
_ Befo : jre proceed any further , it U of importance to t & to know in what hands tested , at thatnSd government poweswd to counterbalance ' flTStin forces of Ihe reTolutionary party . ^ " t Talleyrand had succeeded M . de Richdien 22 FJE & " ^»« ry elemente SSSt **** «'¦*» »«» Bter ; there were , -aWeast eonai TSre \ t „ tW fr ? ofhi » »« reign , forthe rSffio ^^ ' ^ H ^^^^^^ SUCh SSS & .- * "i ? f ¦ «* w » Sfiwi F « mee ' -and S »« LSft }» e }« uwa > a man towhom the state ef S , T ? i \? V haTebeea * painfuUyputding r ^ ffi t . W ? ^ hero « tne ' Thousand and uue xiig Bts / whe aleen for & motm * tn >«* tran ; n
anottierafeand conntry , Richelieu had forgotten , aunng his long absence and government at the , Crimea , tee wants , the passions , even the modes and customs of his country . Neither a statesman nor a m »« Ottsiness , RicheUeu had not even the strength of intellect , and spirit of conviction , which can alone give power to govern others . Weak and irresolute , always , taking the wrong side of as argument , the first minister ef Louis XVIII . was constantly hesitating between the sincere desire to govern well , and the remorse that the sad results of his political supremacy invariably caused . Though his birth , the high offices he had always filled , his position , and the circumstances in which he was placed , all made royaliam adutyinhiin . M . de Richelieu had a de . tided inclination for Liberalism and Revolutionary ideas .
Such was the man to whom the deepest interests of France were then confided—whose presence was one of the most injurious cireumstaeces at the critical epoch of the Restoration—who , almost unaided , negotiated and agreed to the humiliating clauses in the treaties of 1815 , and who only ventured to present these treaties for the sanction of the ministry , at the very moment when it was necessary to sign them . Associated with Richelieu , were Corvetto . the Minister of Finance ; de Feltre , Minister of War ; and Dubouohage , Minister of Marine . All were
plausiblemen , but totally unacquainted with internal policy—and , indeed , finding employment for every thought and energy in their own disorganised departments . These ministers , therefore , took but little part in the general government . They were ^ not orators , and were , consequently , incapable of taking part with effect in discussions—and when two theories or two ideas came betore the council , they gladly left it to the Minister of Justice , M . Barbe-Marbois , tosatisfy the parties , and interpret—as well as might be done—certain would-be liberal opinions , uttered by Richelieu , under theinspiration of M . de Decazes .
The members of the Cabinet , therefore , whose especial duty it became to act in the management of general affairs , were—M . Decaees , M . Yaublanc , and M . de Richelieu—or rather the two former—fer M . de Richelieu had so completely merged his opinions in those of Decazes , Minister of Police , that it would scarcely be doing him justice to say be bad a will of his own . A man of conviction , saergy , and upright principles , M . de Vaublano was perhaps the onl } member of the Ministry who aated on any fixed system . lie had desired that , in eonnectien with foreign powers , government should have acted with more independence and nationality ; without entering into any unworthy intrigues , he thought it possible to render the sovereign feared and respected by all parties ,
simply by abstaining from the degrading practice of alternate severity and caresses , which could only inspire contempt . But M . de Yaublanc hated intrigues—underhand dealings—in a word , all that savoured of trickeryand diplomacy : all that is usually the essence of the life of statesmen . He went straight to a point , without turning or winding . He might break , but he would not bend . But , unhappily , bjtbe men with whom he was associated , his firmness was termed obstinacy ; his opinions , visionary theories ; his zeal for his sovereign , a leve of despotism ; and , after six months of straggling with the irresolution of Richelieu , and opposition to the fatal determinations of M . Decazes , Yaublanc quitted the Cabinet . Wewill , hereafter , notice under what conjuncture of circumstances his resignation took place .
Coro^Onimttt*
Coro ^ oniMttt *
The Peoposed Electoes Aud Sok-Electobs L...
THE PEOPOSED ELECTOES AUD SOK-ELECTOBS LEA 6 DE FOR THE ABOUTI 02 T OP NATIONAL WRONGS . Be men , be what yon were before ! Or weigh the great occasion , and be more 1 *
to xhc zsrros or xaa aoarazair sua . Ekeht to Katioru Waoacs , I return 30 a many thanks for the insertion of my article upon this tobject , because , though I have no ambition to form such league , vet I trust it will be formed , and by enemies to wrong generally . Tf e have wrongs upon wrosgi . andin nearly every case one solitary sosiety to get rid of (?) them . These societies ( which are seldom heard of ) cost a great deal of money , and lerve to split the people into paltry little sections , rendering them more disunited ( and powerless for good ) than the ; otherwise might be . These societies are selfish , too ; each aims only at the abolition of one particular wrong and to ask them to' go further , 'is to incur the
displeasure of all the black-cloth and black-legs of Exeter Hall , where societies against National Wrongs nsuallv meet : very well—these societies , as I have stated , are very expensive , and effect so much good that yon cannot see it . Woold it not be much better for the ' prime movers' in each affair to form a fstional union against National Wrongs ? Ay , and mora especially since each prime movers are nearly all agreed that every wrong ought to be abolished , for the same parly which denounces at Exeter Hall obb wrong to-day , will denounce another oa the { morrow , aad so on , through the week , though tbey will not * come out' ( as they ought to do ) against every wrong at once . So much for these political hucksters , these vendors of piece-meal wrong . Let ns not be like them , nol let us deal with National Wrongs as
auctioneers deal with disagreeable articles , put them in one lot and knock them down for a trifle , for a trifle only from each it woald be , to get rid of all the wrongs this nation is afflicted witb . if they adopt the course suggested . There would be no league like our league , and good M . P . ' s instead of aborainableH . F . ' s wouldprove whether or not we had united for a good purpose : If we were as terribly in earnest as we ought to be , no advocate fur National wrongs would venture to come forward as a candidate , therefore our candidates would have a clear course ; and if we could not send to Parliament better men than the ' respectables' have ever yet sent in , we would consent { to call ourselves * respectable , * which
would be a heavy day tadeed for Chartism , seeing tbat to be respectable is ; as the world now goes , to be one who is lest even to common decency . Let us come out then en masse against all wrongs ; let as no longer ' tinker the state' with patchwork remedies for wrongs , and in expensive little societies which are seldom , if ever , heard of , but let ns be resolved , as the enemies to the Game Laws have been , » o send into parliament men who will do more good than little societies could . This is the way to go to work . Poland sever went to work in this way , had she dene so , she would net be fallen as she is ; unless we do so , or rather , unless we look more to the representative system than we have done , ' the fate of Poland may be ours , and we shall deserve it !*
Years , against National Wrongs , Herkt Doweu GairmBB , Republican Harvlebone , August 29 th , 1847 .
The Queen In Scotland. The Court Is Now ...
THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND . The court is now fairly settled amongst the Gram , plans , and perhaps , since the days when Robert the Bruce was hunted bythe bloodhounds of his dutiful subjects , no monarch has ever dwelt in such absolute fastnesses as those which have been chosen for the autumnal residence of Queen Victoria . To be sure , the Jameses used occasionall y to make Highland progresses , to the terror of evil-doers , a class which unhappily comprised no inconsiderable portion of the lairds , who rated the roast among the hills , and who had most confused notions of tneutn and futon , particularly when the pronouns referred to any body else's cattle . James V ., I think it was , who held the most famous of these assizes . The proceedings , as might ba expected , were by no means
characterisedbythe law ' s delay , as indeed the delinquent chieftains sometimes felt to their cost , when they were triced up without the slightest ceremony to a convenient branch of their own trees . Queen Victoria ' s reign , however , is more pleasant , bath for subjects and sovereign , and although huzzas and triumphal arches may be somewhat stale , most assuredly they are more agreeable things than the ancient features of a royal progress , pit aud gallows . Loch Laggan is a stern black-looking lake , lying in sullen stillness amongst wild mountains and dreary moor . It has no historical features—no features of peculiar beauty . The lodge , a small but snug building , lies close to the water , backed by belts of flourishing pine trees , while all around rises a sea of dreary bills and brown moors , dotted with shapeless blocks of granite .
Gluny Macpherson , at the head of some thirty armed men of his clan , received the royal party . A green silk standard , bearing the family arms , was displayed . This ancient flag has seen some service ana a few changes . The Macphersoos were keen Eartiz ahs of the' King over the water , ' and the em-Iazoned banner which on Saturday floated over Queen Victoria , was unfurled in 1715 . under the leadership of the Earl of Mar , and in 1745 in the army of Charles Edward . Surely it was an apostate banner . But Cluny ' a sword was not much better ; It was a claymore which his ' grandfather wielded at Culloden , not exactly upon what is the popular side now-a-days , while the-targe which the chieftaia carried had been once borne by no less a per-Eonate than the 'Toung Chevalier * himself .
I^T#$^^
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; -«»¦ Letterston Grammar; : , ! • ¦ * '...
; - «»¦ LETTERStON GRAMMAR ; : , ! ¦ * '¦ '¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ - **^^* «« >* u ^< , ¦ j T 0 THE'WORKING CLASSES . «• ! Ml BlAB'FRrJHIDS , ' . ¦" . ¦» / . ' . . My last letter to yon was occupied principally with the subject of Orthography , aud I must make a few more observations :. on tins ^ art of Grammar , before I proceed- to : the ether divisions Of It . . . '• . ¦ : ¦ -, ' . .. . . -V . ; ., ; .,:. '' . . : ' •; . ; .,- . \ -. ; . ' . ' Words , as I told you , weieformed of , letters , and I urged on you the necessity of learning wbat . letters constitute any word ; that is , I ; . advised . you < to acquire the art of spelling correctly . I must now add that it is not sufficient to know only what letters make up any word , you must also learn to divide
words into syllables properly . Syllables are the separate sounds any word contains . Some words have only one sound—some have two , or more . You must not judge entirely from the length of the word of the number of syllables it contains , the rule being that where one effort of the voice only is required , the word contains but one syllable , whilst perhaps a much shorter word may require two or three distinct efforts of articulation , and be spelt , therefore , in as many syllables . For instance tthought , bright , dream , are words of one syllable , *
whilst ma-ny , w-ry , a-ny , have two syllables , though they contain fewer letters ; and a-ni-mal , e-ee-ry , e-ne-my ,. have three syllables , notwithstanding they require no more , letters to make them . Words should always be divided as nearly as possible in the way in which they are pronoun - ced . That is , in the most natural and sensible way . There is no other art in separating words into syllables . Thus you would not divide the word jewel , je-wel , because you would not pronounce it in that manner—you would separate it thus Jeto-ei . Agony would be divided ag-o-ny , not a-go-ny , for the same
reason . You must be careful , when writing , to divide your words properly ; if you have not room to put the whole of a word on a line , write one or two . syllables and put after them two little lines , thus — , and begin the following line of your letter with two similar marks before you conclude your word , to show that it is only par * of a word . A word ef one syllable must , of course , never be divided : if you have not room to write it properly on the line leave the space , and begin the next line . Never crowd your words together , but write so that the reader of your letter may find no difficulty in understanding
what you mean . For this purpose you should also strive to obtain a good clear hand—no acquirement is so necessary and so truly valuable as a clear , legible , business handwriting . It not only is a saurce of recreation , to . yourself and your , friends , but it makes you competent to hold many situations for which you would not otherwise be qualified . 'A bad hand-writing , ' says Niebuhr , * ought never to be forgiven—it is shameful indolence . Indeed , sending a badly-written letter to a fellow-creature is as impudent an act as I know of . Can there be anything more unpleasant than to open a letter
which at once shows that it will require hours to decipher ? Besides , the effect of the letter is gone if we must spell it . Strange—we carefully avoid troubling other people , even with trifles , or to appear before them in dress which shows negligence or carelessness , and yet , nothing is thought of giving the disagreeable trouble of reading a badly written letter . Although many people may not have . made a brilliant career by their fine penmanship , yet I bum that not a few Have their prospects ruined by a bad hand-writing . ' Do not think this a matter of slight importance . To the man who has no ambition—no desire to be wiser or happier , or more honoured than he is—who is contented to exist
from the cradie to the grave , just earning enough to feed and clothe himself and his family , and no more hope of raising them or himself , than have the chickens that pick up his grain , or the hog in his stye , it may indeed be of bo consequence to write well . Such a man , ( but he is unworthy of the name !) can have no thoughts worth communicating , and consequently no use for the blessed power of freely expressing thought . But I do not suppose that I am addressing such men ; such men would not read my letters . I am writing to those who wish to improve , who desire to raise themselvesto cultivate thehr minds , and to show that the work .
ing men of England are worthy of possessing the privileges , civil and political , which they , are so ambitious of obtaining . Beyond question the best method of obtaining a good clear , hand is to use * Foster ' s Pencilfed Copy Books' by that clever and practical man , MrB . F . Foster , who has devoted a life-time to the consideration of the best method of teaching writing and . arithmetic , and whose books , all prepared with suitable and progressive copies , are certainly the greatest improvement in the art of teaching , this age has produced . Besides , they are considerably cheaper than the ordinary books which have no copies attached to them .
I may as well mention now that it is my intention to bring to your notice any work , invention , or improvement , that may come under my own observation , and that I may consider it desirable for you to be acquainted with . And if you find any part of my letters which you do not clearly understand , I will gladly affordyou any further information , provided you confine your questions to the consideration of what / have written , and do not digress into any subjects of which I may be about to write . Before concluding the subject of Orthography , I must tell you that the letters are divided into vowels and consonants . The vowels are A E 10 U . The
other letters are consonants . They are so called , because they require the help of a vowel in sounding them ; thus the letter B is pronounced BE ; Lis sounded EL ; whereas the vowels are complete sounds of themselves . Orthography , then , or the art of Spelling , is extremely necessary to be acquired , because without knowing it well we cannot be sure that we are writing that which we mean to write . I heed say no more to induce you to pay strict attention to this acquirement , and will proceed at once to the consideration of Etymology , which teaches the power and changes of words .
t AH the words it is possible to utter are divided into nine kinds , er , as . they are generally termed , Parts of Speech . ' . ' They are The Article , Nom , Ad jecttve , Pronoun , Verb , Adverb , Preposition , Conjunction , and Interjection . The first part of speech , and that which also contains the fewest words , is The Article . There are two articles , Thb , which is called the definite article , and A or An , which is termed indefinite . If you are at a loss fer the meaning of these words , I will tell you that Definite means certain , fixed , and Indefinite signifies uncer / am . For instance , you read my letters to you at definite periods—once a
week ; but I may write them at indefinite periods , two or three in one week , with an interval of two or three weeks before I write more . Now , if I say , ' A Pole who bled for his country , ' you cannot tell who I mean ; but , ' The Pole who hied for his country , ' marks some particular one . The can be used either of one thing or of many ; we may say , 'the tyrant , ' or the ' tyrants / but A can be used but of one thing , or one collection | of things , —a field ; a plum , a score of plums . An is the same as A ; it has the same powers , and is used before all vowels ,
and before a silent H , for the sake of a pleasanter sound . We say an apple , on hour , because a apple , a hour , would sound disagreeably . . 'But although we generally use an Article before the names , of things , we do not do so when we mean the whole of the kind , because articles limit the sense of words . If speaking of the effects of sloth , we should say , ' Idleness ( that is u / Mdleness ) is destructive to health and happiness ; ' but if we were speaking of the indolence of any particular person , we should say , 'The idleness of that man causes his destruction . '
I hope you now understand the peculiar uses of the two articles , a The definite article , The , speaks of seme particular person or thing , and when used gives emphasis to the sentence . 'The friend of the people , ' is a very much stronger phrase than 'A friend of the people ; ' the . first sentence implies that the person of whom we were speaking is the greatest and most distinguished friend the people possess . ' A friend' is merely one among many .. We will next week consider the second Part of Speech , the Nown ; meantime , I think you will find in the study of this letter ample employment . You must learn the names of the Parts of Speech by heart ; and try to be quite familiar' with every word in the letter . " ! i ' " ' ' ' . ! ' ' '' :. "
: ' ltttn ' i'l ' :.- ? . A'i .-.-. ¦ Your very sincere friend , , M . M . P
Tm Eekeot Ihvbbtraatiok' At Blbaford.' ,...
TM EEKEOT iHVBBTraATIOK' AT BLBAFORD . ' , as » m as tte decision ef the magistrates was mace " ?! £ * ¦? ,, Me , tfa K waiaddMssedbyEraeitJonw , ' an * tue roltettiBg asoount of the same isjtaken from the ^ Wwprt ^ mdMncolnsiire Bertld , which . bai designated the syeakerone ' of apeek of 'Chartist blood . ' noundt , ' . and heads the report ,- *; <*;? : , a ; ^ : - . P . ^ ft * SPPS ; EXHIBlTIOK OF WEDNESDAY . .. l „ ; " Night . "' ; 7 "' ' ¦ " ¦"' MaJOHisproeetded ' to ' adiMM ^ the ' mbb ; 'He-could not allude , he said , . without a Reeling of-great . pain , to * » ra |* S ?^ fcailom . wkfch had called Mm among them ; al hough with referehce ' toibat ' eeoaBiei , if ever £ ? hnt »;'«« taml « n * for «« rtion if aaytblng
, „ , , could Illumine the torchtoUghtthepeople . on . the path of liberty and Independence , it must surely * be " found in an occurrence so atrocious as that ] wtleh had recently taken place . He . had een . nroeh of justice and wisdom fo the manufacturing ; wd agricmltwaldistricts ; but he confessed he had never before ^ witnessed such' ' an ^ exhibition as that which had just terminated on > the magisterial bench of Sleaferd . ( Hear . ) ,, That which bad taken place in the Justice-room of this town within the last three days ; could hothave happeued in Lancashire ; - ih Yorkshire , in . Nottinghamshire , or in any of the populous manufacturing districts of England ; and why t Did they think that ' ' wealthy , the privileged- classes , the admlnietratora of the laws whichlthey themselves jiade , fer their own benefit , were , more lovers ef ordermore
, , attached to justice , more' tender iii their regards for the Working classes ; in those- districts , than" they , were' In Sleaford 1 Not a bit ; they were much on a par in those respeets . The reason was , that the men were mere determined and united—the people better organised , more active advocates of the principles of progression , mere jealous defenders of their own rights and privileges , than they were here ; and from tbat fact alone ; the privileged classes dare not tyrannise over them as they here had recently . seen them do . ( Ohesrs . ) Could they doubt that , they iu Lintolnshire . possessed equal power if they were but determined to exercise it r True it was , that in agricultural districts such ' as this ' , 'tbie population ' was more widely scattered than in the ; large rriauufacturing towns , but so , also were the numbers of their oppressors ;
and if the opportunities of the people to unite were less , the power of ^ SSi aristocracy te oppress them was lets also . ( Hear . ) f' He was a great enemy and opponent to any breach of the peace * he would uphold the law ; h » wohldswpport justice and not anarchy ; but he insisted it " was impossible justice could ever be maintained unless the rights of the people were properly guarded . Look at the constitution of the country ; they never heard of any attempts to tyrannise evtr churchmen ; over the army , or the navy , over the great landed aristocracy , or the wealthy elasses ; and why ! because all those classes were represented and he would ask could any man ' s interests be so well looked alter as : by himself ) could any one tell where the shoe pinched but he who wore it ? ( Cheers . ) Yet all elasses were represented in
the state excepting one—the largest and most important —the working class . ( Hear . ) They must look for a re . medy of this evil to ait extension of the franchise ; was it not monstrous , that oat of a popalatieu of seven millions , SOO . 000 alone were electors ! . Why was this J By what right could one-sixth of the ptople claim the power to legislate for the whole of the people 1 Had they all the wisdom of the aatlont Was the head of an elector six times the sfee of that of a non-elector . ^ ( Hear . ) , The only real difference between them and the privileged classes was the advantages of education ; but God bad implanted in the minds of all a knowledge of right and wrong ; he defied the humblest individual before , him to commit a murder , or a manslaughter , ( groans ) without having a consciousness in hie own breast tbat he had
done wrong . Would they , he asked , 1 be guilty of such riot and turbulence as had been perpetrated by the minieai of the law in Sleaford within the last few days t No . ( Cheers . ) And yet they were compelled to toil , to pay by taxation to . support an empty authority which enabled others to do it . God bad indeed said that men should live by the swsatof bis brow , but he never ' said tbat he should starve by the sweat of his brow ; yet that was what the people were doomed to , with the promise that if they consented to be trampled on and degraded , they . would staad a chance of being cherubim in H . aven . ( Hearand cheers . ) - How far nobler in the wealthy and powerful , by the exercise of Christian charity and forbearance to tarn this earth into a paradise for oil . ( Applause . ) [ Mr Jenes then proceeded to recommend at
great length feme association recently established In the metropolis under the title of the Rational Land Company , by a number of Chartists and others , j He continued : he would now allude to the melancholy event which had caused his attendance in Sleaford ; as he bad before stated , he had frequently come In contact , and had something to do with other county magistrates ; but he had never seen such an extraordinary exhibition of justice as he had witnessed that day in that roem , ( pointing to the sessions-bouse ) . He had produced sixteen credible and respectable witnesses , some of them special constables , who had all sworn that the unfortunate decea 8 ed , Dodssn , was ' not concerned in a riot—that there was no riot at all—that no policeman was struck or laid hands upon—that no rescue was attempted—that
Dodson was innocent of any outrage . Other wltueasa had accounted for what he had done from the lime of the election up to the moment at which he was struck down by the policeman ' s staff . In opposition to this , the counsel for the defence had produced twelve wit . aesses ; and they proved—what I that the deceased was under the gateway t that the police were strode ? that there was a row ! No ! every one of them corroborated the witnesses for the prosecution ; no . policeman was struck ; no man laid hands upon the constables . Two only swore that they saw the deceased atall ; and one of them confessed [ that he had ; never seen his face , and might have been . mistaken ; and the other said , that though he had seen his face , he also might have been mistaken . ( Greansand applause . ) And yet , in
opposition to , and in the face of this weight of testimony from both sides , these men , bigotted—ignorant of the laws of their country—who dared to call themselves magistrates ( groans )—had given a solemn decision , ( Loud applause . ) Nay they bad done more : when Mr Bedford was examined , on the point of the policeman's sobriety , he said , ' I believe he was not intoxicated , but I did not take particular notice , as I was attending to the wound . ' He ( iir 3 . ) wanted those words to be put down , as they ought to have been ; the magistrates objected to the latter part of the sentence ; the room was cleared , and when tbey were called back , the bench had decided tbat the words should not be taken as evidence . ( ' Shame . ' j Among the magistrates , however , was one worthy and excellent man , Mr Allix ; and lie at once nobly entered
his protest against . ' tbat decision . ( Three cheers for . Kr Allix . ) Did they call tbat justice ? ( 'No . ' ) And what did tbey think of the verdict ? ( A voice , ' Awful ! ' ) He would tell them what the law was ; if a riot had taken place , and was over , no policeman had a right to strike a man . The riot—if riot there bad been—was over when the . man was struck . Moreover , if a policeman tries to take a man , and he resists the capture , if the offence is only a misdemeanour or a breach of the peace , and the policeman struck him and death ensued , it would be manslaughter and even murder . ( Renewed sheers . ) Tbat was not bis opinion alone , it was the law of the country ; and he would ask them , did these men know the lawt ( 'No . ' ) Further , if a man re ceived a wound at the hands of a policeman under these
circumstances , no matter how unskilful the medical treatment might be , if he died , it would be still manslaughter . ( Applause . ) Thiswastbe law . Now when these magistrates had given their decision , he supposed tbey thought the ease was settled ; he would tell them the case was only just begun , ( Cheers . ) When they bad announced to him their judgment he observed , Very well , your worships , that Is your decision , and we must bow to it for the present ; but . I will tell you , that we shall take the case to the assizes , and that If we can . not obtain justice at the assieea , we arc prepared to take it to the Honse of Commons . ' ( Load eheerc . ) « I tell you , my friends , ' continued Mr Jones ,- with much excite ment , * that I consider , it a most atrocious and infamous decision , and if I walk from London' to Lincoln , if it
costs £ 1 , 000 , justice shall be done . ' One of the magis . trates said te him ; Hf you intended to take the case to Lincoln afcer all , why did you give us all this trouble ?' He replied , ' We shall take it to Lincoln , and we can do so without you ; but we brought it before you first to try you . ' Yes , it was the magistrates of Sleaford who bad been for the last three days on their trial . ( Loud cheers : ) He knew very well what these landlord-magistrates were ; in the agricultural districts they had had it all theirown way for a very long time ; but he would tell them they had struck the wrong man when they struck down a member of the Land Company . ( Cheers . ) In the defence of such a man the Company , and the united Chartists of England , were determined to come forward —a body of three millions strong ! represented by a most
powerful press , in which , by the end of the week , a full repert of all these disgraceful proceedings would be published for the enlightenment of thousands of readers , from the Land ' s-End to Jehn-o-Groats , representing these landlord-magistrates as proper objects for the ridicule and contempt of the ' great , free , and progressive party in the nation . ( Cheers , ) ' And , ' continued Mr Jones , * I will also tell the policemen , that I will have my eye upon them ; and that if I hear of any outrage , ous conduct on their part—if I find they have committed any illegal act—even though I am compelled to . come down from London at my own expense , ( A voice : ' You shall have a carriage and four . ' ) I will sift their conduct to the bottom , ' ( Cheers . ) Humble individual as he was , he was the representative of a great , a strong , a progressive , an invincible party ; there were a thou : sand men much more able than himself , ready at a . moment ' s notice to defend their rights , to protect them
from tyrannical oppression . ( Loud cheers . ) He repeated , this case should be sifted to the bottom , and if it took £ 1 , 000 , the money , was ready in the country . ( Cheers . ) Ho would tell the magistrates another thing ; they had many powerful advocatea ' and friends ' : had they never heaijJ of Roberts , the Attoracy-General of the working daises f Had they forgotten the case of two magistrates at Warrington , who persecuted 17 working men for what they called , a combiaation , And : against whom the Trades Union and Chartists had set so power , fai a current of popular indignatlen , ' that these magistrates were forced to throw up their commissions ! And what they had done with ths powerful factory lords of the north , they would easily effect with the weak landlords of the south . ' | fco » d applause , )'; ' Mr Jpnes then pro . ceeded tp advise his hearers that , as it . was their desire and object te let liberty aad peace go hand in band , tbey should leave riot and turbulence to the factious—bloodshed to theu * oppressors—and blows to the murieos ot
Tm Eekeot Ihvbbtraatiok' At Blbaford.' ,...
the police-while theymaliltauied pe ' aceoad order , beari | B *** - ?! W ' . ? v any » aa , : he « vermu « h . he . might have injured them . ( Clhe ' ersi ) " '« And , ' ie concluded , wben ; the men here ( poin «« gtethe ' 8 eBsloB 8 . house ) get tooexjiravagant In thelr . ; antlcs ,, er , toustrong for youthough It will be yonr . ewn fault if yen let ; them—write ImmeaiateJy to the executive in London , and thoy will settle the " question for you ; ' ( Cheers' ) ' :, i i . ; :..- - : % , - ^ --- ' ¦' - '¦¦ - ' •¦ ; . ; , ' -v : h --a ' :, !
,\-R.T I I(Promthe8iimibkd Memom.)' "- :...
, \ -r . t i i ( Promthe 8 iiMibkD Memom . ) ' " - ' ! Avery affecting scene '^ was witnessed Iff this to wn ori Sunday evening last ; ocoasioaed by' th ? eoavevlnp " their . plaee of sepulchre , ef the remaiasef William Dod . spn ^ tbe ^ ybnng . man ' who' wa » inforianately killsd oh Wednesday , ' the' 4 th lnst . i ( tho day ef election ) , " : bya blow upon his head from the trnncheenof apolibe-offioer , named Sharpe . The faneral procession , bssldes a large number ef mourners , was attended by 90 members of the reeling Heart Lodge '' of Odd ' 'iello ' ws , to which society the deceased belonged ., tAt the conclusion of the usual , obsequies ^ a pathetic address was read over the gravebyMr Jackson ;" si member ef the lodge . . ' A pregnant widow is left to bewail , the" untimely arid tragical
* ? .. a ? ' affeoy ? na * 6 . husbahd , ' sd , cr « c at . the age of . 27 years , the jap yv bereaved . and afflicted parents of this young man reside at « rari we ' ll , near Sleaford . In his boyhood ,.. Win . bodeon was apprenticed to Mr Greenwood ; of this place , ' who states ihat . a more orderly , and better-conducted youth never entered his doors . During the last four years ha had boon in the employ of Mr George Bacon ; andwas highly respected , both by his master and his fellow-workmon , leaving an exemplary character for steadiness , sobriety , ' and industry . . A great number of persons assembled in the Market-place , tp witness the , mournful train , and one general feeling „ f regrct at the meiancnoIv 8 Tent and cpmmueratiqn for the sorrowiag friends of the deceased , seemed to pervade all classes .
(Prom Theliscoin, Rctu' Bd, »Kn Stamford...
( Prom theLiscoiN , Rctu ' bd , » kn Stamford Mmcort , , Friday , August 27 , 1847 . ) , Sleafobd , —Tdb Patai , Bmction Riot . —The cxelta . ment occasioned by the death of poor Dodson , on the 4 th inst , by a blow from the staff ef Sharpe , the superin-. tendent of police at this place , still continues amongst the thinking part of the community , as well as amongst the ' poorer classes , with whom Dodson may bo said to have been associated . We have received various communications on the subject from correspondents at Sleaford and the neighbourhood ; and from all we are enabled to collect , we are indaced te believe it will be some tiiae ere tbat ereittment ceases . We regret ; also , ' that the proceedings which have taken place since the decease of the poor man , have not been such as to satisfy either his relatives or the public . Nothing could hare been mors Impolitic in the first instance than the swearing in of some of the greatest blackguards in the town as special I constables ; for every sensible man is aware that these
are the parties who are inviriably the first to create a disturbance . Thercare , also ; strong roumurs' that the jury empanelled to Inquire into the cavse of death should have consisted of Mr . Warwiek , the manager of the Sleaford Hank , and ceunty treaBufcr . Yfereman ) ; and Mr Chas . Kirk , buildcrand county surveyor ; for , although theirrespsctability is not disputed , the very cireumstaHM of their being under the control of the coanty authoritiss , is calculated to operate against their unprejudiced opinions . Then , again , with reference to the proceedings before the magistrates , the public were not likely tc feel that respect which could be wished for a p . wty of gentlemen who allowed their clerk to assume the part of an advocate , and to cross-e * araihe- the witnesses upon whose , evidence the application for a warrant against Sharpe for manslaughter , was either to be received or rejected . Upon the whole , as we have remarked , the feeling ef the public has been greatly outraged , and if will require more than the usual tact of the party in power to allay it . '
Police Constable Sharpe, As Well As The ...
Police constable Sharpe , as well as the late William Dodson , was a member of the Feeling Heortlodgeot Odd Bellows—andon Tuesday , the 21 th ult ., a special committee of the whole lodge was appointed to investigate his conduct relative to the death of poor Dodson , After a careful hearing of the ease , on the examination of several eye-witnesses of the fact , and in the absence of any palliating circumstances , the committee , in justice to their deceased brother , came to a unanimous decision that the extreme penalty which the law of Odd FelUwship pronounces upon a member of the Order who is found guilty of an outrageous or a disgraceful' crime , should , in this instance , be inflicted—vis ; , tbat of EXPOtsioN . Sharpe will , from tbe step thus taken , be for ever disqualified to become a member of the Order—and his name and' tho charge oh which he is expelled , will be printed , and circulated in every lodge connected with the Manchester Unity , ; .
The deceased , who was a past ifficer ef the lodge , was highly respected by bis brother Odd Follows , A more amiable and consistent member of society , there could notbe . Tbe Feeling Heart Lodge at this town has been established about ten years , and this is the firat ' ease ot expulsion to be recorded in its history .
Rams, Or . The Late Homicide At Sleafobd...
rams , or . The late Homicide at Sleafobd . —After an investigation occupying nearly thr . ee days , the magistrates have decided that the act of policeman Sharpe , iu killing Dodson , amounts only to excusable homicide . The caso has excited the greatest interest in that town and neighbourhoed , and the universal Impression . Is , that justice has been sacrificed to party feeling on the bench . Let us see how far this opinion is borne out by the facts and the law . I will state the facts mo ' st strongly in favour of Sharpe . A disturbance took place at tbe - Bristol Arms Hotel , at Sleaford , on the day of the South Lincolnshire election . One of the ringleaders was taken Into custody , and after a violent and protracted struggle , in which , however , no act of violence to the police was proved , he
was safely conveyed to the lock-up . An attempt was then made by the police to secure another man who is stated to have taken a leading part ia tbe affray . The man was seized , but made his escape without any assist * ance from the crowd . He was pursued by Sharpe , who being unit Me to overtake him , turned upon the crowd , who were following him , and struck Dodson a violent blow on the ' head , which caused his death . ' Twentyeight witnesses were examined—sixteen on the part of the prosecution , and twelve on the part of the defence . The whole of these witnesses deposed that they never saw a policeman struck , or molested in any' way . Special constables and others swrre that , in their opinion , there was no attempt at a rescue , nor was any one of thiir body attacked . Had it been necessary , half
the town would have testified to the peaceable , inoffensive and industrious character of the poor man who was killed . These are the facts , stated much mere favourably for Sharpe than the circumstances warrant . If ow let us apply the law to these facts , Homicide is ii three kinds—justifiable , excusable . ' and felonious . It is laid down in Blackstone , vol . 3 . p , 180 tbat Homicide for tbe advancement of public justice is justifiable only where there is an apparent necessity en the officers side . That such a necessity existed in this case has never been , and never can be contended , for one sii . gle moment . The next question then is , is tbe homicide in this ease excusable ? Excusable homicide is of two kinds ; either plo in / orlwu ' em , by misadventure ; or » eY / eruJendo , upon a principle of self-preservation , Blackstone , vol . 3 . p .
182 , There was no reason in this case to contend tbat the blow was given in self-preservation , and consequently such a defence was never set up to the prosecution . The inquiry , therefore , resolves itself simply Into this , was this a case of homicide by misadventure ? Turn again to Blackstone , and hs tells us , that when an officer punishing a criminal , ' happens to occasion his death , It is only misadventure ; 'for the act of correction was lawful . ' Blackstone expressly confines that case , to punishing a criminal / ' where the act of correction is lawful ; ' and even in such cases , he says , if the eraser exceeds the bounds of moderation either in the manner , the instrument , or tbe quantity of punishment , and death ensues , it is manslaughter at least , and according to the circumstances , murder : for the act of immoderate
correction Is unlawful . Apply this law to the case before us . If there is truth in man , if any importance is to attach to evidence , Dodson was innocent of any active participation in tbe disturbance that had taken place , I affirm , and I challenge contradiction to tho assertion , that there was not the slightest reason for striking Dodson . He was not a criminal . I defy legal Ingenuity to torture his acts into criminality ; and the act of correction must , therefore , hare been unlawful . Here I might take my stand ; and on this ground alone , were there no other , I might denounce the decision of the Bench as unreasonable and unjust . But I will go a step further ; and I say that , if Dodson had been the most active man in tbe crowd , the act of correction was still illegal , because it was immoderate . Two medical men of
the highest respectability deposed to the extreme violence of the blow , and a hostof witnesses swore that , to the best of their belief , it was aimed at his bead . I am ashamed of attempting to support , by any further legal authorites , a case which stands on the first and plainest principles of justice . Bntin order to convince tbe most sceptical , how impossible it is to bolster up this case with any pretence or shadow either of reason or of justice , I will quote from Archbold ' s Pleading and Evidence ia Criminal Oases , 10 th edition , p . 428 . ' Where an officer having legal authority to apprehend a man , attempts to do so , and the man , instead of resisting flies and Is killed by the officer in the pursuit , if the man was charged with a breach of the peace , or other misde . meaner merely , the killing would be murder ; unless , indeed , the homicide were occasioned by means not likely or intended to kill , such as giving him a blow from an ordinary cudgel ; in which case , at most , tbe homicide
would be manslaughter only . ' I ask , can any thing be more explicit than this t It must be remembered , bow . iver , th » t Sharpe had no legal autherity to apprehend Dodson , because Dodson was tin unoftending and am in . nocent man . An attempt was made to prove that Dodsoa was . encouraging the rescue of another man , and this is urged as a justification . I deny the fact : but admitting It , listen again t 6 Areabold . ' Where an officer is resisted in the legal execution of His duty , he may repel force by force ,: and if in doing so , lie kill the party resisting him , it is justifiable homlelde . '' What are the werds here t ' Repel force by force . ' ¦' ' Kill the party resisting him . ' How , out of the 28 witnesses who were examined , there was not one who deposed to the fact ef * physical and forcible resistance to the police on the part of Dodsoa . : Shavpewaa not . attempting to apprehend him , and he never eftVred the elightest resist anoo . Again , Archbold says , 'There must be an apparent necessity tor the killing : tor if the officer were toWll
Rams, Or . The Late Homicide At Sleafobd...
after the ' resistance- had ceissd , or ' if there were no reasonable necessity for ' the violence need on tbe part of thepfflcer ^ he killing ; would be manslaughter at least » With these ' facts and / thtflair beforebim ^ i ^; man . of common-sense and comraouhonssty may 6 » leftWith ^ safety tojformhis own concluslon .-ihave proved that the homicide was net justifiable , and tbat it was not excusa ble on thegrouhd . ' 6 f' 8 elf-defencei ? 'I hava ' also proved 'tbatlif ' was noV ^ homicide'by ! « nieadr « nt « re , I because Dodson was innocent , and therefore , there was no reason for ^ triWbg'Klm ' at'ali ;^ and because ; if he ' had been guilty , the actbf corwotldri-. was immoderate and therefore illegal .- If , then , the homicide be neither justifiable nor ' excu « aWe , < it ; mBst bo . felenioui , and Ihare . 8 h . 0 wn by thehlgheat legal authorities that IHs'felonious , and tbjji it amounts te manslaughterat least . ,: -: > ¦ ¦¦ -.
If the law is as ! have stated it , the magistrates should have known it : ignorance is ho ' excuse . " ' Whether they have knowingly denied' ' ju ' stiee . to "¦; those' who soUjfhtk , fs a question for th ' eir own ' , consciences , to . 'determine . They . are the . best judges ' of ( their own motives .- As to what these ' motives'i wore , " ''' . every man will form bis own opinion . " I am , Sir , . . Tour obedient servant , ,. , '"' ' " '~ S ~ . ' ¦ ' ¦ Tbkax , August 19 th , 1817 . ' '
I Mlvittg;
i MlVittg ;
. Bnxira-'Vov Arsm.-Thcbavonesa Von Arni...
. BnxiRA- 'Vov ARsm .-ThcBavonesa Von Arnim , T the * Bettina' of Goethe ^ hag been at war with theaiithorities of Berlin . , According to the current ex- " planations , thejady takes an activepart in publishing her own works , and lately began to publish the - posthumous works . of her husband . The municipal authorities pronounced this to be trading , and re- : quired Von Arnim to take out her freedom as a bur- '•' gess and to pay tho usual fee . ' The baroness replied ^ :: it 1 ? said ,. by . a very ' insultinc' letter ; was , cited toappear , before the Criminal Court of Berlin , for libelling the magistracy , and was condemned to three months' imprisonment , with costs . A private correspondent of our own , however , gives a further and "" different explanation of the affair : — « This lady has . '
for many years devoted her literary talents to advocating the cause of the distressed artizan and labourer in those remote provinces which are scarcely known to the public inhabitants of themetroplig except from the garbled accents of revolt and military justice given by the newspapers . Her shrewd and simple comprehension led her at onco to trace the causeof much of this misery to the vefj which the despotism of the police throws over the true picture ; and she sought to promote an inquiry into details , on a modified scale , in the matter-of-iacfc manner of those investigations which produced many
social reforms in England . Many young men who undertook , the mission were criminally prosecuted , aad exposed to such persecution that they were forced to abandon the task . She has been involved in a direct squabble with the Berlin magistrates , and the Coiirt . Junder the mantle of a legal decision , has the satisfaction ef avenging ; itself of many abitter truth she has uttered , This singular woman , who i * iow advanced in years , puts manly writers to shame by her unflinching defence of truth and justice ; and this determination of her literary career will redeem the levity of its commencement . —Spectator . *
Toliiicai , Gossip . — 'The ordinary dullness of the political world at this season is just now somewhat relieved by the various intrigues at work for the reseating of ' itho rejected Ministers . The great effort is to procure a suitable constituency willing toaccept of the services of Mr Macaulay ; and it is said ft negotiation is on foot with SirDe Lacy Evans to induce that gallant officer to resign Westminster for the consideration of the Governorship of Malta , a post which , by the way , was offered to Mr More O ' Ferrall , and declined . Attempts are in progress to induce Mr Barnard to yield Greenwich to Mr Hawes ; but if they do not succeed , it is hoped that the Under-Secretary for the Colonies will be accepted by the people of Stockport , in the room of Mr Cobden . Mr Long resigns Wiltshire in favour of Sir J . 0 . Hobhouse . The reports in the journals as to the batch of new Peers are correct ; Sir R . B . Phillips the Commoner to be ennobled , is to have the title of Lord Milford . '
Hetapath triumphantly observes ;— 'The battle has been fought and won in favour ef the railway interest . Railway candidates have , when they came forward , nearly in every instance been too strongfor general politics . ' It is stated on good autherity , that one of the houses which failed last week made eighty thousand pounds at the commencement of the season by their successful dealings in Indian corn ! AH this has been lost , and a large capital besides , by an unfortunate miscalculation ; of the fluctuations of the market and the state of the weather ! At Malta , duelling is permitted bylaw , under this curious restriction—that duellists are enjoined , in the severest penalties , to desist asd put up their swords at the desire of a priest , a woman , or a knight . Returns moved for by the late member for the University of Oxford , show that the produce of the post-horse duties in England and Wales amounted , in 1846 , to £ 173 , 621 , and in 1845 te £ 169 . 873 .
There was an election fight at South Shields , between so many of Mr Wawn ' s and so many of Mr Whately ' a mob , or between the ' Reds and * Blues . ' Next morning , says the Gateshead Observer they were black and blue . From a parliamentary return it appears , that in the year ending the 5 th January last , the sum of - £ 10 , 550 , 523 10 s . 5 d . was raised by taxes in Great Britain , from sources which in Ireland are not taxed at all . More than half the sum arises from the Income tax : the ether chief items are windows , servants , carriages , horses , dogs , stage and hackney carriages .
There were eruptions of Mount Vesuvius on the 2 nd and 3 rd of August . On the latter day the stream of lava was fifteen feet in width . Two new but small craters opened , and threw out an immense quantity of fire and stones . All post letters addressed to a bankrupt within three montha ' after the fiat , will be forwarded bv the Postmaster-General to the assignees . This is in force since the 1 st ult . A correspondent of the Times complains of having lost documents worth £ 200 consigned to the Postoffice , for which there was no redress or compensation whatever . Mr Joseph Sturge has presented £ 20 to the Leeds Mechanics' Institution . Forged Stoureridj : £ 5 notes are in circulation ot the date of June 1 , 1847 .
It has been calculated that there are 24 000 pores in a square inch of the under surface of a pear leaf . Cheip Fiour Association . —The werking classes of Hawick , Denholm , and Jedburgh , have now found out the true mode of making a breach in the high prices so pertinaciously adhered to by the dealers of the district , by uniting and procuring large supplies of flour from Liverpool . They have a first-rate , article at a considerable reduction in price , compared , with prices current in this quarter . The Prometheus , just returned home from the coast of Africa , has been very successful in capturing slave-ships , having had sixteen vessels condemned as prizes . She has also been fortunate in the health of her crew , having only lost four since she has been on the station .
The Greeneck Railway carried last week the extraordinary number of 80 , 233 passengers . At the last meeting of the Royal Agricultural So- oiefcy of Ireland , held , at Londonderry , on the lltk a ult . > one-third ef the premiums were carried off by y Scotch farmers . The number of births in Sweden averages at pre . i « sent 225 per day , and the deaths 181 . In every 100 9 children born at Stockholm , 39 are illegitimate , and i in the provinces 29 . There are nearly 6 , 600 post-offices and receiving g houses in the United Kingdom , of which about 500 0 are situated in and near the metropslis .
Scene in an American Police Couht . —The New w Orleans Picayune gives the following amusing account it of the examination of two juvenile Jemmy Twitcbers rs before Recorder Gonares . Tbey rejoiced in the ie names of Jaraes Johnson and Joseph Brown , and id were accused of abstracting cakes from a coffee stand ad in the market : — ' What do you say to this charge ?'; V said the Recorder to them . ' Vy ye says not guilty ty of course , ' said Johnson ; ' no one aint bound to to criminate himself . ' Yes , but you were seen takihghg ' the bread by the negro , ' said the Recorder . A Al negro aint no witness against a white boy ; no how . owr you can fix it , ' said Brown . 'And besides , ' saidaidl Johnson , ' cakes aint bread no more nor fleas aintintt lobsters—so there can't bo no indictment found foifoir
stealing it . ' Recorder : ' But another person besidesdesi the negro woman saw you take the cakes ; the com- » mmissary himself saw you do it . ' Brown : « Veil , vol voll of it : it arn't no burglary , ' cause it was done indaylay heht , and there warn't no lock broken . * Johnson *> h :: 1 , and I should like to ask the gem'en as how hw h « knows , s ' pose we did take them , but that we meantanll to pay for them . It is not every one that takes tliingangii oncreditthatcan . be prosecuted for larcenoy—notooli by a long shot . ' Recorder : < Both of you seem ta t « have had no inconsiderable experience , young asyovyovt are , in the rules of court and criminal practice ; havaav « you ever been had up before a court before ? Johnohn ,. son : * We are not . bound to answer that there qucsiucsi tion'cause our kracters haint been impeaohedaed ..
, Brown ( aside to Johnson ) : * Right , Jim , mum ' s ths thi word ; kracter ! guess we aint quite so green as ha hi takes ns to be . ' Recorder : ' . Well I shall send botlbotlil of you to the workhouse for thirty days . You ah art evidently too idle , too vicious , and I may add , to , toj cunning to be permitted to go at large . ' Johnsomsom ' . We calls for a trial by jury , your honour , and ind speedy trial at that . The constitution guarantees iees i : to every Mexican citizen , and we aint going tottobfc chilled out of it , no how ; . ? . Recorder : ' At all even'venii I will send yon to the workhouse for the . preseniseni I wish to see if I cannot learn something more aboiabon you , ' Johnson , as tbe officer took them put at < court , ' Veil , then , I ' m Mowed if we don't get out on onlrabycorpy . '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 4, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04091847/page/3/
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