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Dnfe ¦ T j t^^ 4 > •— \ THE NORTHERN STA...
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Eaiottt ai ana jromgiu
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" -"L" - — SWITZERLAND. f _=inS 07 IHE J...
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'The Caxaoian' is the title of a new wor...
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itmpmat mvummm
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MONDAY,'Novbhbbb 29; H0JJ3B OF LORDS .—T...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Dnfe ¦ T J T^^ 4 > •— \ The Northern Sta...
j t ^^ > •— \ THE NORTHERN STAR 7
Eaiottt Ai Ana Jromgiu
Eaiottt ai ana jromgiu
" -"L" - — Switzerland. F _=Ins 07 Ihe J...
" - "L " - — SWITZERLAND . f _ = inS 07 IHE JBSCTM P £ 0 M FEIBOCE 0 . ri ^ TlCTOBlEs , -CAPTTmEOF . I'TJ ? ERKB ! J » 4 iP » ^ r itios or the PRrumvE castoks . ff f ^ o £ uTlOS OF THE S 05 DEEBUXD . D ] D \ te of siege was raised in the canton of Fritf iJ $ , v ; ioth . On the same day the Provisional ' j ? ' Ktt ? ^ issued the following decree : - ef » Jjitf ^ yjgsd ty drcnmrtanees to adopt the west Ifl" * S ** ° res to arrest tbe cenrse of the evils which ? * ( £ " % n the conntry , and prevent their recurrence ; ^ ^ rte ac « ssion of the canton of Fribeurg to tlie S jfi ** . jjjj league called the Sondexbund was printifs * pr ^ of the Je sui ts and th eir associates ; in ?' J ? fih 3 decree of the Federal Bief , dated 3 rd Sep-^•^ "lSl" which declared the Society of Jems to bo ** * ^ ' tibl * with order and tranquillity in Switzerland , it vi ^ . , . V » canton of Frlboure to exnel them from
f £ ' " 3 ! crv ; wishing- to secure to the civil authorities the ] p ' * *^ action mctssary for th « lasting parifieatiea of i ^ lttt and bib's invested wi'h the ex tensive powers ** f * la ' n them by the resolution of the papular as-<^^ . 13 on the 15 * . Kovember lut * ffe have ce-!* t * jT The J < suits , corporations . congr * j : i . tinns , ^ iis , w P " 0 ** * 018 affiliated to that orter , are j ^ td for ever fiom the Fribourg territory . This IrZ p £ pp lies to the Jesuits , fee -LSpiomns , tte ^ Sntttf . or Freres Ianoranlins ; the Brethren of the jSj , ii Doctrine , the Sisters of St Joseph , the Sisters ^ tcren t of Panle , and the Sunt of fte Holy Heart , j ^ L gjations aci corporations of that description shall jjjjjn fatnre bo permitted t * settle in the canton under ^ afn an > in » « ion or pretext waatsortr , to purchase pro-% in it , or to direct public or private establishments Oje educa tion of youth . The individuals belonging
Ijtiose orders and congregations shall quit the canton J ^ jln tfce space of thrice 24 hours from th « publication . ^ present decree . AU the property , aovable or rtal . ^ tmei hy the abore-mentoned cor porations , is to j ^ sjn ? the propsrty of the State , and its proceeds to be p to public instruction . To that effect it is to be ^ pestere d , and , after an inventory of it shall have been gjja , it shell be placed tinder the civil administration , ^ cession or sa les of any part of e ^ d property as far ^ £ as the 15 th of October , are considered nail and veld . j [ j directors of the aVpsrlmrot of the police and finance , 3 respectively clragta with the execution of fhepresent y gee , The present decree becomes obligatory immegjiely on its prpmalcation , and shall be published and . $ ttd up in the usual places . The President Scnmct .
The Chancellor DrBtscHTOLD . yrihourr , Kor 19 . Zoc speedily follewed the example of Fribourff , an Pgagemtnt h * d been fooeht between the federal fcsrpsand « he v peop " e of Zns , the result of which jjj proved unfavourable to the latter , thereupon the Utt n surrendered . T he following are the terms of the capitulation : — Article L The canton of Zag secedes from the Sonder-Jjcd . Art . 2 . Tbe federal troops will occupy the canton on gs evtnics of the SSad . Art . 3 . Tbe federal rroeps will be lodged and main gised ic tbe canton of Zag , according to the military jKclatione . Art . 4 . Za ? will disrand its troops , whose arms will ^ deposited in the cantonal arsenal . The troops of g » other states of the Soajcrhund will quit tho canton rfZur .
Art , 5 . The arms of the landsturm are likewise to jc deposited in the c-ntorjil arsenal . The remaining articles are a mere repetition of fjxso of the capitulation of Fribourg . On the -hole of the army of the Swiss Diet cress-5 a 2 the frontier of Lucerne , on the 22 nd , the fjoismander-in-GMef issued the Mowing order of { Ledsy : — Federal soldiers . —You are about to enter the canton ef lucerne . As soon as yen shall have crossed the fronfer . lay aside yonr anger , and think only of aceomplish . jjjthe duty imposed npon yon by yonr country . March io ! £ ly acainst tbe enemy ; fi-ht bravely , and stick to par colours whilst you have a drop of blood iayoor
lass ; bnt a ; soon as victory shall have declared itself C 3 oarsid- < , forget all ideas of vengeance ; behave like pnerons warriors , and spare thn wounded . Yen will gss show true courage . Under all circnrastsuces , as I £ «• already commanded , rtspset the charches and iB lwUicgs appropriated fei puM-c worship . Nothing aja disho-onr yonr standard so much as oa'ttges j | anst rUigioa . Take nndtr your protection all dtfencelss persons , ssi do not allow them to be outraged or ffi . trfated . Destroy nothinj without necessity , and Emit no act . of diihonesty . In a word , condect yeurfytts in roc a way as to msrit esteem , and show yourgiTes TQTih * ef the nams you hear . As ther advanced the hndsturm fell back npon the
The Gommander-m-Chief also addressed a protlairation to the people ef Lucerne , in whicbhe declare that the Catholic religion shall remain intac * , ted that those who stats the contrary deceive the public . He exhorted the citizens to remnia in their Iddscs . assuring them that if they did no harm ifedd come to them . ' Although the federal army converged to the city of Lucerne in five columns by Afferent roads , it was tbatdiTifiin commanded by Colonel Ziecler , advancias hy the road running parallel to the Rcfs ? , which it was evident must first arrive at the capital of thp Jeasaeand decide the contest and it was accordingly seamst this that General Salis Ssglio directed his eaief defences . The road follows the left bank of
tte river to Sina , and thence to Gislikon , where it P 35--C 5 by a bridse to the right bank . In advance of Gislikon . at Honan , a strons redonbtwas contracted on an eminence , the gun * of which swept the road by which the division of Ziegler must pas-. This division havins crossed th ? river at a lower pact bv means of abridge of boats , advanced to the 6 rt * f " Honan by the right bank early on the mornissef ihe 23 rd . Here asharo action took place , ifhuh lasted several hours , at the else ofwhich the fsrt wa § taken by assault hy ihe column commanded by Color .. -1 Ealoff . The loss sustained on , both sides ia tb ' HaSairis reported to have been con-iderab ' p . bat the ofiieial retnrca not having been received such estimatrscan have no other ground tha-i mere corjeemre . The federal troops then advance ! to Roth , asmallvlliasre wiihin a league acda half of Lucerne ,
where thev a ^ ain encountered a vigorous resistance . H're the triors of the Sonderband saffeted severely , ihrte battalions being cut off from the main bany and compelled to lay down their arm ? . It was at fct reported , bat , ss it after . lards proved , erroue-ras ' v thai General Salia SoglioTrimself wasamong thi prisoners on this occaaon . It is affirmed , how ever , that the general was wounded in the cheeK , Md ( hit me of his aide-de-camp surrendered to Colonel Z-e ^ ler . After this f : nitless resistance the trosps of t ^ e primitive cantons toak flight m csmplete cnnfnsion . escaping into the roonntains , sa - »! eib « eof Lucerne retreated precipitately to the citv . Ucaa « li le th * federal troops advanced and feiie * the heights which command thr town , ' without fnrtter mistance , when , aa we have already reported the <* r on the morning of the . 24 th uit-
surrendered ncccndmonaliy . In the middle of tbe vrecediog aic-ht , the governor , accompanied by teneral Salis Se-glio , esc 3 ped en the side of tha lake by a steam-bvst . carrjing of with them the prfwe ckst , and the most important papers . On tte m-irnia ^ of tte ° 4 th , the federal troops are reported to have bKn ' wt-l ! received on entering the town . While these events took place m theyadcyof the Ikes * the division of Gmor was marching from the canton of Z ig along the shores oi the lake of taat nam ? , and it ' encountered a vigorous «^»^ * J * stroa- p-riiioa at Rooterberg , occupied by the troops alri-keoEagement , and this ^ a m ^^ UsEwith that of Colonel Z : egler , before the arrival of » he Utter at Lacerne- . * ..... « . _ thatafcer
The Zcsicn GiZEITBOf tbe 26 A nit . says fteaffdratGMikoii . Geiiewl ^ S ^ ' ^™^ to Laseree , where he found that with the exception of M . Rnt'iman all the m ^^ ra ° f tae sovcrnment haifled . Wher-mpon the general of theSaaderbond declared openly that he would Kever have accepted the command had he believed that he would be connected with such miserable creatures . „ Siace tha nb . ve was written we hava received tbe Helv-tie cf 27 th nit . That journal says that it was U ihree ia the afternoon of the 24 ih that the federal triops entered Lucerne . Three battalions of the Lcescetr' ^ pa were made prisonera . The & 3 naerbtod General , Sannehers . was alsojmade Pf-f" ^ The Lscemese lost six pieces of artillery , two d » aoanted and fear captured . The loss of the federal
trn-p 3 lg reported to be seventy men . . . The IIWie annoimcesmapostcrip tthat the federal troops had entered the March ot Scbwyiztod tbatthatcanton was already occnpied . n The following letter has been addressedt to the Cmanavsa by » correspondent o ^ fLncerne watte , en 25 th o ! fc f the day after the federal troops ^ Sffmberaof our gov e rnment too k to 0 £ t on fts night of the 28 rd , in steamers , taking with them au * heafcaib ; . softhercUgions house ? , men and ¦•*«?«• tte Jcuiu-tverything in fact , even to the state funds , fe-r i ^ the unforwaate locer nese to the mere / of tne inhabitants WM
Coaaucrorj . The consternation of the toj great to be diitrfbed ; they no longjr knew what wey Redoing , and the red ( the party of the f ™* ? ° nd ) « app 3 ira * ed almost on their knees the liberal memosrs o > the manicir . 1 council to save them . M . Schumacher BtteuGerg . the avoyer . promised to do whst he coaW . Be sent word to the enemy ' s camp that they conld eater «» a town without resUtance . Our soldiers ^ * * " ? t Ode uas the tarn nig ht , amd exhih . tei the ntmo . dtii ght . The red are « c * diog * c fa «^» ' -WjJ «* Bwart and his cliqse . Our friends entered the town on the afternoon of ttefMtb , and were received 1 witn joy . *» oar house alone are leaded eig hty ^ ne soldiers ano two officers , bnt we do not complain . Lon « Balinassr
i » the only effieer of Lucerne that waa hiiied . . The following has been addressed to the samejour » al from Berne , the 2 Gth nit .: — « y letter of yesterday has pat yon in posees ^ on a fcets up to the day before the entry of the liberal troops feto Lucerne . I now continne my recital IotB * y ' : M aepntarjon bom tha municipal council of «»¦* - Jo fn rew 3 ed ; 6 ecajnp l to solicit as anaiiticei G * «
" -"L" - — Switzerland. F _=Ins 07 Ihe J...
Dnfe ' ur replied tfiatit Was too late ; that the gatea must beopenelwithentdelay . Ttds was erentnally aar ^ a to , and tie next day a part of the Zierfer division tntered , about one o ' clock , the chief town of the lesene themUi-ary band of the place , and agreat number of the inhaMtaute , long suffering under the yoke of the Sie * warta and fte Meyers , serving as their escort . Flags with federal colours were displayed from the windows ot a R teat number of the houses . The munici pal authorities bad already taken proper steps to insure lodgings 'er the troops . Tha same dav , about four o ' clock , was I seen to debouch at Knew , a TULigc about halt a league to the south of Incerna , the vanenard of the Ochsenbrii
, dmsion , and soen after the division itself appeared . After almost continual engagemenls , either with th « regular troops or with the hmfcturmere , this division had succeeded in turning ; the strong pasltionsof Soanen . berg and Gut ? ch , by entering intrepidl y the defile of Renggish . They were not aware of that fact the Lucerne had surrendered , and it is evident from this bold march conceived and executed with tl } e almost ability h y Col . Ochsenbein , that if Luctrne had not b 3 en alread y taken it would fcave fallen with the greatest facility six hours later , inconsequence of the adrant » g « ras position wfcich ' . his column had taktn up . From -serbal accounts given me by several persons present at the attack of
Gitikon , it appears that the loss of the federal troops was considerable . They suffered , in particular , from abod y f riflemen belonging to the primitive cantons , posted in alittldwood . It was at last found necessary to surround the spot and kill the greatest number of them , the rest were made prisoners . Aa , to the troops of the Sonatz division , they arrive 3 on the merpitfgof the 24 tb , without meeting with any great resistance , at E « ehe « - baeh ; about two leagues from Lucerne , on the north , east ; " those of the Bourckhardt division , after bavinp bkouacked near the bridge of the Emnw , moved forward , and s part of . them entered Lucerne yesterday afternoon , the inhabitants of this place ( Berne ) were agreeably surprised this morning at seeing the mail arrive from Lucerne in a ' char-a-baoc . The post-office administration of Lucerne wrote word that they are delighted to s ; e the form » r relations re jumfd between the two places , and express a hope thatthe intercourse may not beagain interrupted . " >
Another Accdust— Lucerne has fallen ! The army of the confederation , under General Dufonr , advanced against it onthe 22 hd , nit . from four points . Fierce resistance was offered to the corps of'Ochsenbein , whoseartillery . soon repulsed the Lucerncse . But the most important engagements took place north of Lucerne , where General Gmur attacked the bridge of Gislikon , and carried it , together with the fortified positions of Roth and Dierikon . forcing bis way by the evening cf the 23-d nit ., to th-J very sates of Lucerne . That evening , says the Basle Gazette , a deputation from Lucerne arrived at the headquarters of General Dufonr , at Smis , a town on the Ren ? , a few miles from Lncerce with propositions for . a capitulation . Tbe general answered that it was too late , and demanded theunconditional submission of the city . This submission was consented to on the morning of the 24 th nit , and the federal troops marched into the town .
On the 23 rd uit General Dafcur sent a despatch to fte President of tbe Vorort , announcing his success . The landstnrm of Lucerne disbanded on the 23 rd ult . AtSursee . in the canton of Lucerne , the troops of the confederation were received wiih welcome and enthusiasm , the white flig being hoisted . On the 23 rd , a division of the federal troops , nnder General Keller , marched into Schwytz and occupied Schalrbach . Reichenbourg , and Siebnen , the landsU-rm disbanding , and the authorities of the district cap ; - tulatins . ( From the Correspondent of the Tares . ) LUCERNE , Nov .
26-I arrived at this place , the head-quart rs of General Dufour , early this morning , by the diligence which left Basle last evening . It was the first journey which had been made between the two towns since the investment of Lucerne , and the apprehension that there might be some obstruction or disturbance on the road deterred several persons from availing themselves of the occasion . The apprehension , however , was groundless , for alti / msb . there was a gond deal of shouting and singing at the tavern-do ^ ra in the various towns we pass ed throngbi there was no indication of hostile' or angry ieelinir . When we arrived at the first post-house within the frontier of tho canton of Lucerne , the ear was saluted with sounds of boisterous mirth , louder than any
which wc had heard before ; and npon looking ont to inquire the cause , the mob pointed oat to us a' tree of liberty / of stately'dimensions , which they said they had forced the landstnrm to erect in the course of the preceding day . I need not say that I was agreeably surprised to find the worthy Luccrnoia in such good humour , and wilicgly pledged them and theirP < itriein bumpers of sour wine . ' I may add thatat all theposthoa ? es and taverns along the road from this point we found similar monuments and manifestations , the latter increasing in noise as we approached the town . Some miles from Lucerne also the road b ? ganto be crowded on either side with troops bivouacking , or already on the move for their- quarters . Amongst these the most exemplary spirit of cheerfulness an < -
good order appeared to prevail I watched them narrowly , and did not see a single man the least intoxicated , and they mixed with the villagers upon terms of perfect friendliness . Although we left Bssle with only two passengers , myself and a little stnnt enthusiastic German , the places were all filled before we reached the frontier of the canton—filled , it appeared , by emigrants who had been driven from iheir homes by the political troubles , and who gladly took the first opportunity of returning . Their joy as they recognised one another , and shouted out words of welcome and triumph to all the loiterers ; . - 'lo ng the road , created a scene of excitement such aa I never witnessed before , and shall not soon forget .
Arrived within the gates of the town , we found the streets actually one mass of soldiery of all arms , so that it was with difficulty wemade our way through to the oosi-houw ; vet from first to last the mo-t perfect order prevailed , and cold and hungry as doubtless many of them were , they interchanged salutes with the passengers , and the conductor , and the coachman , as if they had all met npon some occasion effete , instead of in a captured city a few hours after aa obstinate engagement attended with much loss on both sides . The shops , of course , were all clo > cd , and so . indeed , were the houses generally , and have
remained so during the day . Very few of the inhabitants have been out of their doors , though , frtm what I have observed of the temcer of the soldiery , I really do net think they would have much to fear if they had shown themselves . Although the vast body of federal troops , after the surrender of the town , poured into it from four different quarters . I have ascertained that very few instances of violence against the properly of the inhabitants occurred , and that they were immediately checked , and the offenders in most cases arrested . Yesterda ) an attack was made upon the house of Siegwart Mailer ( a hated name ) , which was gutted , but tbe rioters were captured , and there is now a guard over the honsa .
Amonsst the troops of the captured city who were dimmed , were someSOO from thecantnof Valais , who were lef j in a very destitute condition far from their homes , the military chest having bem taken awav h ? Mailer and his friends . They presented a miserable picture as they stood all Ihe morning under the windows of the Scheisferhoff , the General ' s head-quarters . It is worthy of mention that a subscription was raised fnr their immedia ' . e relief by some charitable indiridnals , and in the afternoon they were sent to "Bash ' , where they will remain in quarters until further orders . With regard now to the progress of this deplorable civil war . Ton have already heard of the capture or capitulation of Fribourg , Zug , and Lucerne—three out of the seven leagued cantons . Yesterday the capitulation of Unterwalden arrived at head-quarters , and to-day a large body of troops have marched to occupy that territory- Of the remaining three
cantons , Schwytz yesterday sent to head-quarters to ask for twenty-four hours for deliberation , which wasgranted . This armistice expires to-day , but at the movement ef writing I have not heard that their ultimatum has arrived . If they do not surrender , the federal troops will probably march against them vitb out delay . It is remarkable , as a fact very favour able to the federal cause , that the weafierisunu « nally mild for the time of y ear ; had it been other " wi * e , the troops would probably not have been able to effect what they have done . No definitive arrangements have yet been promuea'ed for fie future government of Lncernp , which i « at present under the protection oi the military . This evening , however , & meeting of some of the townspeopietook place in anopen space opposite the Cafe do Theatre , when the Ex-President of the Criminal Court addressed them on the subject , and erentually a committee of seven was appoimcd to deliberate on the matter , and who are to report at nine
o ' clock to-mcrrow morning . When I wrote yesterday from Basle , I stated that seme doubt was thrown upon the reported captare o * Ammann and Salis Soglio , With regard to tnt former , there is now no doubt . He is safe in prison . There exists great exasperation of feeling against atthese persons . ' . .,.. „ . « . It was interesting to see , in the midst of all tne bustle here to-day , how the soldiers flocked to gsz . npon the celebrated Helvetic lion , sculptured in tbe tolid rock by Tborwaldsen , in commeration of t he slaughter of the Swiss Guards on the memorable 10 th of August , 1792 ; and it would be well if their minds ciuld be disabused of the impression , but too ptevalent , that France is now requiting this act of devoth n with treachery ' 3
. _ _ . -.-,, _ . Postscript . —At ihe moment of closing my desnatch , I have ihe following from the highest authprity —The canton of Schwytz has capitulated , subiect to ratification , which . will take place to-morrow The Grand Council of Urj has assembled to deliberate upon the propriety of capitulating . From anot & er corrtepondent of the Tites . Lucehkb , Nov . 26 . The primitive Swiss cantons , TJri and TJnterwal deit terrified and discouraged since the loss of the battleof Gislikon . have this day sent a flag of truce fo General Dufonr- They tffer to snfanutM - the „ w * m « nf the Diet if the government will not insist iS X ^ V tritha militerjfor ** ,
" -"L" - — Switzerland. F _=Ins 07 Ihe J...
¦ T . ^ demand that they . should defray the expenses of ™ if' " ? P ? . ars certain that the capitulation will be signed this , afternoon . This fact is of the highest importance , inasmuch as it was believed to the present moment that those mountaineers , whose cowardly conduct at present renders them really unworthy of their ancestors , would have made a desne rate resistance . The defeatof the Sonderburd is cortplete . The loss of the two parties engaged in the affiir of Gislikon , which had all the importance of a battle , was inconsiderable . The federals admit 130 killed and wonnded ; the troops of the Sonderbund about 200 . General Soglio , who was wounded in the head , has taken resuge in TJri , where he met the chiefs of the . government of Lucerne and the Jesuits , who fled some hours previously . * I'ATEB IxTBIMOEXCeV ' '"' The Jesuits Expehec bt the Pkople op LncEiisn .
( From the Correspondent of the Times . ) . . . ¦ Lcckrnb , Nov . 27 . An interesting event oceurred this day—the assembling of the people to mike arrangements for their future government . The place of meeting was in the open air , opposite the Cafe du Theatre , and the only preparation made was a large deal s / as ; e or table on which the orator for the time being stood . Herr Ilertenstein , formerly President of the Court of Appeal , bat who was removed by the late Government in 1841 , opened the proceedings . He moved that the Provisional Government of the canton for the time being should consist of the members of the existing MnnicipalCouncil fall LiberaH ) witb the addition ( in conformity with the provisions of the Constitution of 1 S 41 ) of two members frem each bailiwick ( 8 ve in number . )
This resolution being put to a show of hands was carried , but not without some sips of disapprobation being directed against one of tbe names . . DrSteinger then rose , and was received with enthusiastic cheera . This gentleman ' s history is a remarkable one in the history of his canton , lie was imprisoned in a miserable dnngeon by the dominant party , in 1845 ,. and condemned to death , for having been one of the leaders of the Corps Francs ; and he escaped eventually by breaking a hole through the wall of his dungeon with the connivance of the
guard set over h'm . . When the cheers with which he was received had subsided , the Doctor said he understood tie reason of the dfec 6 nteht- « fi | no m * SefingV and moved that the name of the obhoxiou ' Sihdlvidual in question should be expunged from the list ' oi the Council . ( The person in question had been the printer of the Statk Gazette of the-Sonderbund party . ) The resolution was ' carried with immense cheering . The Doctor then moved the following resolutions as the basis for the policy of the future government , and which , he stated , were conformable with what had recently been done inFribourg : —
1 . That the Jicaits he ordered to quit the Canton of Laceree within forty-eight hours . 2 . That the members of the Grand Council who had adhered to the Sonderbund ( or separate league ) should he sul ject to public accusation , and be held responsible for every thing which bad resulted from this course of policy . 3 . A central amnesty for all who bad been implicated in prosecutions by thdr sets on tbe 8 th of December , 1844 . and the 81 st of March and let of April . 1845 . ( The dates of the two invasions' of ^ he Corps francs njaicst the Sonderbnnd . ) ' 4 . That the Frovifional Government take steps for the recovery of the Government chests , and also of ihe corn which had been scat out of the canton by the late Government before tbeir departure .
5 . That all persona comprised within the terms of Art . 3 should be held inadmissible to election in the Grand Council of State . The above resolutions were carried by acclamation and the meeting peaceably separated . To-day another very interesting scene occurred , a couple of leagues from the town , at a place called Nennkirch : the bodies of some of the Corps Francs , killed in battle here in the year 1845 , were disinterred _ by their surviving friends , from the pit into whi' -h at the time they had been rudely cast , and bnried anew with the solemnities of the church
service . FRANCE . A great Reform Banquet has taken place at Lyons . Sixteen hundred persons -sere present , and the proceedings were very enthusiastic . PORTUGAL . A Pro ; ressista meeting , of between four and five thons .-ind persons , took place on the 14 th , m the open air ( a large garden ) , the room originally intended being found too small . The Marquis of Louie presided , and some noblemen , and the chiefs of the party , attended . The troops were kept under arms . The nnblic peace was not disturbed , owing to the precautions adopted by the commanders of the municipal guards and national battalions . Things continue in a very unsettled state . ' .
ITALY . The accounts from Italy speak of the diminishing nopnlarity of the Pope—the consequence of his yield , ing to the counsel of the King of the French con veyed through M . Ro si . The Pope ' s speech delivered at the opening of the Reman Council bf State , had excited much satisfaction . Advices from Pietra Santa of the . Wth ult ., mention an attempt of tbe' Modenese to surprise the Tnscsn outposts . The activity of . Jhe troops and of the civic guard was such , however , that they made a precipitate retreat .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrival of the Caledonia , we learn that the Mexican government had superseded Santa Anna in command of the army , and that General Rincon had been appointed to fill the command . Santa Anna protested against this violation of his rights as the first magistrate of the nation , and refused obedience to the orders of the government . In the meantime he had retired to Tehuacan . Atlexco had been taken possession of by tlie United States troops . It was stated , also , that Orizaba had surrendered . The health , bf the United States army was far from good .
'The Caxaoian' Is The Title Of A New Wor...
'The Caxaoian' is the title of a new work ( just published ) from the pen of M . Michelot , one of the secretaries to the society of Fraternal Democrats , The following notice of this wr-rk is from one of the Paris papers : — ' M . Michelot one of the most enlightened of the French Democrats , has just published a work entitled ' The Canadian . ' This is a romance which will claim the sympathies of onr readers , since it is replete with strange incidents and dramatic character , but its chief recommendation to the thinking portion of the community , is thatthe scenes , the facts , and tho whole plot serve to convey some of the loftiest Principles of social economy .
' M . Michelot drsires progress ; he is an enthusiast for the emancipation of the human race ; his book ably reveals the working of the present system , and the necessity for reconstructing society upon a broader basis . In his eyes mankind is bnt one great family , all the members of which , as brothers , ou ^ ht to enjoy the same rights . To give oneinan a prerogative above another , is an act of odious , arbitrary despotif-ni ; an anomalous monstrosity—in one word—it is the present system—a system founded by the privileged classes to tbe injury of the muzzled millions . This book , which combines amusement with instruc tion , is calculated to render important lervices to ? he cause of humanity .
Discle . —Destitution is increasing every day . Poor famishing creatures are to be seen gnawing turnips , without waiting to boil tliera , socraving do they find the pains of hunger . Nothing can exceed the frightful condition of the poor of this district . Without any relief , hundreds of them are at this moment starving in their wretched hovels , cellars , and isarrets ; while a much larger numberi are endeavouring to drag ont a miserable existence upon no mme solid or nourishing fi-od than raw turnips eaten with avidity at the market-place , or mashed op with a little salt in their cabins for the entire of their family . To add to tbe hern rs of this fri » hlful condition of things ihe workhouse is over-crowded , : uid numbers oi wretched applicants are every week denied admission .
DcATHsnr Fire . — Two inquests were held on Tuesdav , deaths in both cases being the result of fire . The first inquest was held en the body of a spinster lady at Greenwich , Miss Anne Stevenson , aged 73 , who was found burnt to death in the passage of her own house . It is presumed that the unfortunate lady had a fit , and her clothes having caught fire from the candle she « as carrying , death ensued , no servant sleeping in the house . The jury returned an open verdict . Tho second inquest was held on the bodyofEliz-ibethMaiyClement , living in Goldenlane . ' -Her- apron caught fire ' in the grate , and though the flames were promptly extinguished , the injuries she received were such as to cause her death . Verdict'AccidentalDeath . '
, Melancholy SmcinE . —On Monday , an inquest was taken before Mr Baker , at the City cf P aris , Bonner's-fields , Vicforia-park , on view of the body < if Catherine liaerschmidt , aced twenty-two , a German , who was seduced and abandoned under the following heartless circumstances . It appeared from the evidence that the deceased , about twelvemonth since , was brought to this country from Germany by a lady , when she entered into the service of the family of Mr Caep , the proprietor of a printing establishment in the City . She remained there about ten leave
months , when it is supposed she was induced to her situation by a gentleman with whom she had formed an unfortunate attachment , who took a lodging for herat No . 7 , Barossa-terrace , Cambridgeheatb , where they passed as Mr and Mrs Kcndncic . lie paid for the apartment 8 a . Cd . per ; wocK , lor three weeks , after which she saw nothing more or him . In the course of the previous week she pawned her wedding ring to support herself and to pay her lodging . On Saturday morning she wrote a letter to Mrs Caen , in which she stated that before she received that she should be no more . She requested
her to inform her parents that she had been d' -ing wrong , and been deceived . fand hoped for theirpawon . Upon the receipt of tbe letter an inquiry was made , upon which it was discovered that she had drowneu herself in an ornamental sheet of water in Victoriapark , and that the body had been taken to the Uty of Paris . Verdict— ' Found drowned . '
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Monday,'Novbhbbb 29; H0jj3b Of Lords .—T...
MONDAY , 'Novbhbbb 29 ; H 0 JJ 3 B OF LORDS . —Their Lordships sat for a rery short time , no tushwas of public importance vas iltrne , ' '¦ ' ¦ ¦ . HOUSE OP COMMONS . -Tho Speakeb took tbe puWio chair at four o ' clock , when several members were swern . Mr P . O'Cousoa presented petitions from Chartist bodies in Wigan , Li-icester . & o ., praying for remedial rather than eeercivo measures for Ireland , for perpetuity of tenure at a corn rent , and for the reclamation of waste lands .
lord Mobpmh , In reply to Mr Baines , stated that the government hoped to be able ' to introduce . a measure for the Improvement of the health of towns on an early day after the Ohrlattnas ' recess ; and in answa- to Dr Bowring , as to whether the metropolis would be in . eluded in such Mil , the noble lord said that was a cues , tion he would rather not answer at present ; The Chascello b of the Excbsqueb , in reply to Mr p . French , as to the repayment ol advances made under what was called in Ireland the Rations Act , stated that the grant taken was £ 2 200 , 000 ., bat that the actual sum expended had only been £ 1 , 673 . 000 ., snd the
sums to be recovered varied according to the ability of tbe unions to pay . With regard to the completion of roads , which had given occupation to the poor as relief works , hedid not intend to impose atiy furthsr burden on the people of England on that hi ad , bat eo soon as the sums advanced should be repaid h e should ba pr < pared to recommend that they skould be re-iidvanced tor the purpose of completing the works left unfinished , if presented by the Brand juries . - ' lord John RcssEit . in answer . to Mr Hume , stated thatthe government did not intend to propose any committee either on the subjectpf general taxation or on the whole expenditure of th ¥ " country , '
MrlXcKE then intimated his intention of doing so himself , . ' The State op Ibkand . —Sir G . Gbet moved that so much of her Majesty ' s speech as related to Ireland be real , which having been done , the right hon . h » rt . rose and moved for leave to bring in a bill for the better pre . vention of crime and outrage in certain pnrts of Ireland . After a brief recital of the measures which Parlbment h ' aa ' talten during the Inst session to relieve the distress of Ireland , and to art est the progress of famine and distress in that country , he stated that h « had hoped that those measures , and especially the New Poor Law-, would have drawn together the different classes bf Irishmen in one common bond of unity , and would have taught them the value ot mutual co-operation in promoting the peace ,
order , and prosperity of their common conntry . He was notyet prepared to abandon the hope that that expectation would yet he realised ; for the case which he had- to lay before the bouse that evening applied only to a part of Ireland ; ' and he was happy to state that in the greater partlon ef it crime had diminished , and life and property were es safe as in England . The general result of tho tabular statistics of crime received from the Irish constabulary showed that the amount of crime generally throughout Ireland had decreased nearly one-thir ' d during the year ending last October as compared with the year ending thelst of January last , although in some parts of the country offences had Increased In rapid succession . For instance , the numb « r of offences during the reor 1816 wore 2 . 885 , and up to the end of October ,
1817 , did not exceed 1 , 035 . Such a fact showed that bo Was bringing In no general bill of indictment against the people of Ireland , and that there was no truth In the accusation that Ireland was altogether a country of assns . sins . In some districts of Ireland , however , a secret conspiracy had . been entered into by kwlets individuals against tbe rights of property—a conspiracy which had spread such intense terror and dismay within the narrow compass orer which It prevailed that it became a duty incumbent on tbe Government to arrest tbe hand of the assassin and to give that security to life aad property which the loyal had a right to expect from its hands . He replied to the objection , that in proposing a bill of this nature he was resorting to the vulgar Expedient of coercion , and vtae
leaving the causes of the crimes , which he wished to put down , unexamined and untouched . He maintained that this bill was only a jast measure of prevention , and was necessary to give due strength and effect to the law , and stated that , whilst government was calling on the landvd proprietors of Ireland to co-operate with the Executive , and on tbe Poor law guardians to administer and superintend the relief of the poor , those parties had in turn a right to call on the government to provide security for their lives during their efforts to carry into effect the commands of tbe legislature . He then' proceeded to lay before the house a statement as to the four classes of crimes which in the four last months had so materially increased in certain parts of Ireland . The number of homicides , which in tbe six months ending October , 184 C ,
was sutyclght , In the six months ending October ; 1817 , was ninety-fix . The number of attempts on life by firing at the person , which was In six months ef 1816 , fifty five , was in the same months of 1817 , 120 ; the number of robberies of arms , which was in six months of 1816 , 207 , ia the same six months of 1817 was 538 ; - and tha number of firings of dwellings , wfcich in six months of 1846 was fifty . one , was in the samo six months of 1847 , 116 . Evt'ri this statement gave an inadequate idea of the increase of those offences in districts which were now particularly infested by crime . The total number of offences of tho four classes which he had just mentioned amounted last month to 195 in tho whole of Ireland , but tha . counties of Claro , Limtrich , and Tipperary furnished 139 of themthe amount of offences in those counties bfing seventy *
eno per cent , on the whole amount of offences in Ireland , and the population being only . thirteer . per cent , on tl e whole population of Ireland . It iras principally to those counties that his observations applied ; but as tbe tendency of crime was to spread , they must bo applied in some degree also to the King ' s County , Roscommon , end part of Fermanagh . The crimes which he wished to repress were not directed against the landlord class alone , but against every class and description . of landou ners . Their ordinary objret was the commission of ' wilful arid deliberate assassination , not in dark or desolate places , but in broad daylight—of assassina'tons , too ) encou ^ raged by the entire impunity with which it was psrpttrated ; for it was notorious that none but the poli .-e would lend a hand to arrest the flight or capture the
person of the assassin . [ Tho right hon . baronet then proceeded at great length to read and comment upon an enormous catalogue of murders aad outrages , but rs most ot them have already appeared in the papers at the time of the occurrence , it is useless to occupy space with them here ] He then proceeded to describe the pow ers which tbe government now possessed , and the manner iu which they weri applied . No charge bad yet been brought against the executive government for neglecting the means of detecting : and repressing crime ; on the contrary , all partic a admitted the vigour and efficiency vitb which the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland had administered , and wi < s administering , the law . He had employed the military and police on ail occasions in which it was necessary to overawe offenders , and to show them
that they could gain no advantage by persisting in outrage . In all cases where ho was not limited by law , the Lord-Lieutenant was determined to use that conjoint force in the maintenance of tbe law . In proof of this tbe read a proclamation recently issued by his lordship , in which he made known his intention of increasing the constabulary , of stationing military detachments in the rural districts , and of instituting daily snd nighly patrols to prevent commission of murder in those districts with impunity . The Lord Lieutenant would also issue a special commission into the disturbed districts ns soon as the Attorney-General should inform him that there were suhniont persons in custody upon sworn informa . t ' oEs to warrant such a measure . He was happy to ' say that he had net . to lay before the house an ) ' cases in . which
juries bad shrunk from the performance of their duties . What might bo the case hereafter , ho could not say ; but , judging from the past , he believed that thero would be no reluctance in witnesses to give evidence , or in jurors to convict upon that evidence . He , therefore , did not ask tho house to create any new or extraordinary tribunals ; for lie was convinced that bjr the ordinary lawoffenders might be brought to prompt tyal , conviction , and punishment . Defers stating the provisions of tlie bill , which he wished the house to sanction , he thought it right to observe that the Loid-Lieutenant , having actually exercised alt tbepowers of the law confided to him , and being determined to exercise them in all cases where it could be done for the repression of crime and tha
apprehension of cffiCders , had / apresented to her Majesty ' s ministers that be concurred in the resolutions of the magistrates at Nenagh , that his powers were insufficient for the protection of life and property . Her Majesty ' s Ministers had , therefore , determined to introduce a hill , not applicable , indeed , to tbe whole of Ireland , hut applicable to all such districts of it as the Lord Lieutenant , upon his discretion , should proclaim disturbed . The first clause ot that bill would give power to the Lord Lieutenant , with the consent of his Privy Council , wherever in his . opinion it might bo necessary to repress crime and outrage , to Issue a proclamation . that tbe powers of this act should ho applied to that district . The next clause would authorise the Lord Lieutenant to
proclaim the provisions of this act to be necessary in any county or city , birony or half barony , or in any district of less extent . Another clause would provide that copies of the proclamation should bo posted in tho proclaimed district nith an abstract of the provisions of this act . Tbe Lord Lieutenant would also be empowered to increase the constabulary force of any district , to any extent which ho might think fit . out of the reserve force at Dublin , which would bo injreased from 400 to COO men . The increased force sent into a disturb-d district would be under the same control as the ordinary oonsta . bulary . It would he paid , in the first instance out bf the consolidated fund , but , ultimately , out of the district which it was sent to protsct . He next described the
police regulations which he intended to introduce for the purpose of restraining the use cf firearms by tboss who had shown themselves unworthy to exercise the privilege which had bten givsn them to carry them . The first provision npon tbis point would be a gtnerai prohibition within a proclaimed district . from a day mentioned in the proclamation , on all persons , with seme exceptions , to carry or retain in tbe district specified , elsewhere than in tb « ir own houses , any firearms ; aad any person carrying arms after , proclamation made would be guilty of misdemeanor , and would . be liable to imprisonment for a term not excee in *; tired years . ' The exceptions- for tbis disarming wou'd net be universalviould include all justices of peace in the district , all persons in tbe anny * navy , revenue , coast guard , polio * .
Monday,'Novbhbbb 29; H0jj3b Of Lords .—T...
. constabulary , all special , constables , aud all parties licensed to kill game , or licensed as he should hereafter mention . ' It had been thought that there were cases where the exceptions should be carried further , as for Instance , tha cases of the Poor Law guardians and the posr rate collectors , who had recently become tha ol-j & ct of attack to these secret conspirators . Tbe government had therefore deemed it right to place under tha discretion of the Lord Lieutenant , and not under that of th « magistrates , the power of granting licenses to individuals to carry arms for their own deft-nee , Another clause of the hill would give tho power to apprehend all parties carrying arms against its provisions , and to search all persons suspected of so carrjing them , and of taking
their arms away from them in cace thoy were found , and of forfeiting them at ohea to the Crown . The provisions of tha bill , as far as . be had now described thi-m , did not extend to parties retaining arms in thdr own houses . Arms had been obtained to defend private houses against nocturnal attacks ; but at the same time it was evident that the indiscriminate possoasicn of arms in . private houses within proclaimed districts could not be . allowed . He thiteliro proposed to give to the Lord Lieutenant power to issue a notica' calling upon all persons In a pro * claimed district , not included within the enumerated exception * , and not licensed to carry arms , to deliver them up , by a day named in the notice , at the nearest police station or other place therein me . tioucd . All
persons knowingly retaining arms in their \ -buses after such a notice would bo guilty of , a mis . Wanour ; and the Lord-Lieuttnant , under his own wnn . ' nt , or the warrant of his secretary , might order m thoVaytiraa a search for arms , to be made in any house in the district , arid the seizure of any arms found therein , and their forfeiture to the Crown . Such were the provisions which tbe Government proposed with respect te arms j and they ' were the means by which the Lord-Lieutenant , with the additional police force which this bill would give Mm , and with the efficient aid of the military and police , thought that he would be able to guard against the recurrence of those crimes which were now disorganising society in Ireland . After describing in
detail certain minor clauses of the bill , he stated that he had forgotten to mention one clause which'he deemed very important . He proposed that the Justices and con . stables of any district In which a murder was committed should be empowered to call on all ihe males between the ages of sixteen and sixty to assist in the pursuit of the murderers '; and further , he proposed , that Parliament should enact that it should be the duty of all persons so called upon to assist in ihe pursuit of such ( iffendira , and that any one refuting to assist should be deemed guilty of a misdemeanour , and bo liable to be imprisoned with or without hard laftour for any term , not exceeding t \ ro years . He hoped that no objection
would be made to laj on the table this bill , which was framed rather with a view of preventing the perpetration of erimo than of subjecting a whole people to a privation of the ordinary privileges of the law . Whatever might be the opinion of the bouse ss to the efficiency of tbe measure which be bud just described , be hoped that Farliament would unanimously agree to tbis principle , that it was its duty to take immediate measures to prevent the repetition of such crimes as those to whose enormity its attention had been so painfully called . He eon . eluded a speech which lasted for more than two hours and a half , by moving , amid loud cheers , for leave to bring in his bill .
Mr J . ! 0 Conneli , had been agreeably disappointed by the' bill which Sir G . Grey had just brought in , for , from the accounts which had ken very rife cut of doors , he had expected a ranch severer measure . He ' would not , ' however , pledge himself to the acceptance of it , but there was in bis opinion no reason for opposing its introduction ; When such outrages were perpetrated in Iro . land , it was a grave step to incur the responsibility of objecting to such a bill in its first stage . He heped that the Government would give tho Irish members time to send the ' bill to their country , and to obtain the opinion of their constituents upon it before its second reading . He lamented that Sir Q . Grey had not said one word on
tbe crimes of the rich whilst be was dwelling at such length on the crimes of the poor . He held in his hand a long list of the provocations to crime given by the landlords of Ireland ; and he would bring them under the notice of the bouse , if . the Government Hi not introduce ntan early period a bill for amending the relations between landlord and tenant , and pass it through Parliament with tbe seme speed as their Coercion Bill . Ho should give every opposition to this measure' in its future stages , unless some progress were made with a Landlord and Ttnant Bill , which was the only mode of eradicating the causes which led to these agrarian outrages .
Mr O'Connor confessed bis utter inability to find words to express his surprise at the « humble adulation' which the hon . member ( or Kilkenny had tendered to the government for the measure proposed by the right hon . Home Secretary , words which snrronnded him with difficulty and embarrassment . At the outset he might state that there was no hon . member in that house who had a greater ' horror of outrage and violence than himself ; and be was proud to say ( and it could not be contradicted ) that in the whole the . course of his life he never
committed or sanctioned one criminal act . But it was because he recognised in this measure the foundation' and basis of move criminality than it was intended to put . down , that he gave his most ; deterr rained opposition to it in the outset . ( Hear . ) And aftf-r the speeches of the hon . member for Kilkenny , in 1833 and 1844 , he was astonished that he should placa any reliance upon the equivocal promises of the right hon . gentlemen opposite on the Treasury benches . But if he required a stronger reason for opposing , this Bill than npon principle , he had been furnished with it by the right hon . baronet who had introduced it , because , from the beginning to the end of his speech , every single sentence , every single announcement with regard to the stretching of the ordinary law , went to prove that , with the present
exertions of the Lord-Lieutenant , all that could be done was done , and that successfully . ( Hear , hear . ) At the outset of his speech the right hon . baronet told ihem that crime had diminished by one-third—( hear , hear)— -and then he afterwards paid a very bad compliment to the right hon . baronet ihe member for Tamworth and that bouse , because he told tbe house that portions of the outrages to which the Bill referred had been in progress for two or three years previously to the present government coming into office . ' Then he would ask the right hon . baronet opposite . ( Sir G . Grey ) why he had assisted in driving the right bon . baronet the member for-Tamworth from office ? . But the right hon . baronet ( Sir G . Grey . ) had himself that night admitted that in cases in which the Lord-Lieutenant had
driven the powers of the ordinary law to the utmost , peace was restored to a disturbed district . The ordinary'law had been found to be amply effective . He had told ns of the effective support given to the Executive by the people , by the magistrates , by the Queen ' s Bench , and even by the barristers of Quarter Sessions , while he was obliged to admit that these appliances had arrested crime since tlie 18 th of this mouth , aud yet , in the face of such admissions , lie ¦ came to the house for powers beyond the ordinary law , which , when tried , was found ample . ( Hear , hear . ) ' He did not disapprove of this bill more than hedisapproved of the principle of coercion for Ireland . The right hon . baronet- ( Sir G .
Grev ) had said , in appealing to the Irish members , Don't let it ro forth to this and to foreign countries that you are opposed to our attempting to remedy the present distracted state of Ireland . ' No , rather let the truth go to this and to foreign countries , that , when the people of Ireland were dying for want of food ,, the government of England gave them coercion . He ( Mr O'Connor ) bad always found that whenever the ordinary law was executed with vigour , hutat the same time with mildness , it was found to be quite sufficient ; but the bill of the right hon . gentleman proposed to legalise outrage and crime in Ireland ; it proposed to establish a brigand police in every district which . the Lord-Lieutenant mi ^ ht proclaim as a-disturbed district . In fact , this bill would enable the police to do as they pleased ; but it was evident that this bill was hut a sample of old
English rule iu Ireland . It was a sop for the landlords . It was merely a hit ot patronage for them . He supposed it was a bit of compensation to the landlords-for the repeal of the Corn Laws . That evidently was the intention of her Majesty ' s government in bringing forward this bill . The hon . member for Kilkenny had said that he was satisfied with a measure ofi coercion , as long as the government promised remedial measures . But he ( Mr O'Connor ) could not promise the government bis support of this measure on such slight grounds . He was for no such temporising policy . He never found that such temporising policy resulted in any good . He was not prepared to enter into the discussion of the bill at present . He intended reserving himself for another opportunity , quoting the high authority oi several constitutional writers , all of whom united in
condemning coercion , and none more strongly than the noble lord opposite ( Lord John Russell ); He should he prepared to show from the noble lord ' s own work upon the government and constitution of England , that the effect of coercion failed in its ohjects in any country in which it was established . He ( Mr O'Connor ) had done as much as any man in this country towards the suppression of crime in Ireland . In 1822 , a quarter of a century ago , the county of Cork was much more disturbed than Tipperary is now and a special commission had the ' effect of arresting crime . 'In that year the people resisted tithes and boldly met the military in open battle , and , in the following year , the rig ht ton . member for the University of Cambridge , gave us the lithe 'Composition Acf-the effect of which was to bring the grass land of large Protestant proprietors , theretofore exempt from tithe , to bear their dure of
Monday,'Novbhbbb 29; H0jj3b Of Lords .—T...
, tlie ., lmj jdcn ... Previous . to that measure , the . Prptes- ; tant landlord ' , who held '' three thbiisaud- ' or '' fonr thousand acres of land could offer up ' his untaxed prayers at t . he expence ' of the poor Catholic widow ,, who cultivated half an acre of potato grbund atfciii other side of his bounds , with manure scratched from tho road-side —( hear , hear )~ their Catholicoutlaw supported the parson of the Protestant landlord . In that year ho ( Mr O'Connor ) , in conjunction with thirteen venerable Catholic clergymen , - succeeded by their exertions by night and by day in restoring " tranquillity , and such was the effect of those exertions , that the peasantry brought their arms to his ( Mr O'Connor ' s ) brother ' s home , and
piled them ' up in the servants'hall . Well , the judge who presided over that special commission ( Judge Moore ) laid it down in law , that the fact of running away from the king ' s troops was prima facie proof of guilt , and that good character was an aggravation , rather than a palliation of an offence , upon the grounds , that a man with a good caaracter would be the most likely to become an adherent—a strong inducement however to possess a bad character . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , the outcry , against tithes still continued to 1836 , and how did the
Whigs meet the complaint ? Why , they robbed tlie church of twenty-five per cent , of its income as a sop to the landlords , but made no compensation to the occupying tenants ; they did this because they then , stood in need of Irish landlords' support . ( Hear , hear . ) , Then they heard an outcry in favour of the landlords , and the right hon . baronet ( Sir G Grey ) said that there was an expression of his ( Mr O'Connor ) which struck him with horror and witEr awe , viz ., that the idlers should be taken off the land . In the observations which he addresseu * to
the house a tew night ago , he ( Mr O'Connor ) certainly did talk of taking the idlers off the land , hut he did not mean tbe landlords , for no man had ever said so much in defence of the Irish and English landlords as he had throughout the whole of his political career . What he did say was , ' Take off the taxes , take off ihe poor laws ; take off everything that weighs heavily and needlessly on the land ; take off the idlers , that was to say , give employment to thcunemployed . ' The , bright hon . baronet , the member for Ripon , then Home Secretary , attempted to over-ride the ordinary law in England , by making policemen judges , magistrates , jurors , and executioners—for three years all persecuted the ' people ,
until at length that right hon . gentleman attempted to substitute police force for . the ordinary law , and the consequence was , a continuous opposition to this brute force i until the government sent a mild judge , a just judge , a judge who restored respect for the ordinary law , to try him ( Mr O'Connor ) and fifty-eight others at Lancaster ' ; and the amiable and accomplished Chief Baron being Attorney-General , the ' people received the just exposition of the law from that constitutional judge , and from that hour to this there . has not been one prosecution for a political offence , and thus we triumphed over the police Jawj and . the law ' s savage . vengeance . He would ask the government rather to try what a
mild enforcement of the ordinary law would do than coercion . ( Hear , hear . ) He would ask honourable gentlemen opposite with what face they conld support such a measure as that proposed by the right hon . baronet , when it was confessed that the ordinary law had not been efficiently tried ? He himself believed that there were ample means in the handa of the government to restore perfect tranquillity in Ireland . It was futile for the present or any future government to attempt to restore peace to Ireland during the present state of the law of landlord and tenant . If the right hon . baronet wished to give peace and prosperity to Ireland , he must bring forward not a Coercion Bill , but a bill to remedy the
social condition of Ireland . . As it was the intention of hon . members who put themselves forward as leaders of the Irish people to delay their decision until they discovered what effect the news of more bludgeons and dragoons would have in Ireland , he would reserve what he had to say . He recommended the exercise of the ordinary laws , although it had been strained against himself . Those who took a leading part iu agitation ought , as they sought for tjie lion ' s share of . the glory , to be prepared to endure a lion's share of punishment . He regretted to see the part taken by those Irish members . He was an Irishman himself , although representing' an English town , and so far from acquiescing in the
provisions of the bill , he gave notice that even if he should stand alone , he would divide the house upon every single occasion on which he could . do so . He was content to go into the lobby alone , and let the Irish members go along with the ministers if they pleased . The old principle npon which the government of Ireland was based was a wrong one . Ireland was an agricultural country , yet it was ia effect governed by a majority of English manufacturers , and by a timid body of Irish landlords . If English and Irish landlords did not unite and place the property , of Ireland on a better footing , both would rue their negligence—he said both , for the English landlord ' wonld be stabbed through the side
of the Irish'landlord . The fact was , Ireland was looked upon in no ' other light by the ministry thau as regarded the amount of political support or opposition she could give to them , and in this selfsame point of view she had been regarded by several successive administrations . The government-of this-country did not care a jot for the Irish people nor for the Irish landlords . The fact was this;—Irish landlords managed their estates more according to the science of political patronage than according to the science of agriculture , ( hear , hear , ) and he ( Mr O'Connor ) was not at all astonished to hear the cheers of those gentlemen , when the right hon . the Home Secretary made the
gladdening announcement , that ' the expense of coercion was to fall upon the unfortunate tenants and not npon the guilty landlord . Why , the fact was , that government really thought that Irish propertyhad the elasticity , of India rubber , and cov'd be stretched ; to ; meet" governmental commission , and landlord cupidity ; for did they not know that if the tenant was unjustly pressed , the landlord must suffer ? ( Hear , hear . ) But yet they cheered this contemplated blow at tbeir own tenants . . He must again express-his regret thatthe hon . member for Kilkenny ( Mr J . O'Connell ) had not taken a more hold , manly , and decisive course—that he had not resisted the bill at the onset . He ( Mr O'Connor ) ,.
as an Irishman , had more pride than quietly to sit bv and see his country crushed . He would go with satisfaction into the lobby alone , because he felt that he was maintaining a just principle , and by bis vote marking , in the most energetic and practical way he could do , his dislike of that coercive policy which had been the ruin of Ireland . But the hon . member for Kilkenny would pause till he learnt the effect produced by the measure'in Ireland , while as the leader of the Irish party , he tendered Ms « humble adulation' to the Ministry for the measure He ( Mr O'Connor ) could not ; if every man in Ireland was in fa \ oiirof it , he would oppose it . The hon . member for Kilkenny said he was " satisfied that the
bill should go to Ireland ; but it had gone far enough for him ( Mr O'Connor ) . He bad never been for it ; he was not for a temporising policy ; and he would tell the government that the most insidious and dangerous support they could recieve was ar mvt of this kind ; ' whilst his ( Mr O'Connor ' s ) opposition was avowed and determined . He was prepared to show from several great constitutional writers the effect of coercion , and especially from the work of the noble lord opposite on the constitution and government of England The noble lord and his government . had applied for coercion after coercion , with the promise of propounding remedial measures ; they had had coercion
the silence and desolation of the grave ; but not onf > remedial measure had they ever proposed to that house . The system of the government from first to last . had been to create patronage , and to arrest the progress of public opinion , as far as they possibly could . He would now appeal to the good and true of the Irish party who loved their country better than patronage , and he would ask them to abandon their equivocal position as the flag company of the enemy ' s forces—( cheers and laughter)—to cross the house , and like freemen and Irishmen to take their place in front of their country ' s enemies . ( Hear , hear . ) If he stood alone , he would proudly walk alone into the lobby against this new attempt to coerce and debase his country .
Mr Hobsmah said ho would not undertake to give themeasure Ms ¦ ¦ support simply as a eoereivo measure , because crime and outrage and coercion were familiar terms neither could ho support it only because it was a wild ' crmeasure . His dutj as a member of Parliament : was to consider whether tjie measure was suitable and ' effec tual for its purpose . The question he asked blattU was this—was tbe bill founded upon right principlost or , was it upon the old mistaken sjstom—a mereisolated expedient to meet a temporary emergency , another item in that series of makeshifts by which the past legislation of Ireland had been disgraced ? Was it founded upon the principle that Irish legislation should proceed—that each single act should be part and parcel of some largo and comprehensive scheme of policy , each member of which united with and supported the other— - and » aoh and all having the same end and object ,, the tranquillity and imprfj ^ ment of Ireland ! ( Hear , hear , >
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 4, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_04121847/page/7/
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