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4 THE NORTHERN STAR April 5, 1845.
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FRANCE. Tas FoBnncATioxa. —The Paris pap...
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EXECUTION AND CONFESSION of TAWELL. AYLE...
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OLDHAM. Ox Sunday last Mr. Edward Clark,...
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, APRIL 5, 1815.
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THE TRADES' CONFERENCE. Resolved, as far...
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MONIES RECEIVED BY MR. O'CONNOR. EOIl TI...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 The Northern Star April 5, 1845.
4 THE NORTHERN STAR April 5 , 1845 .
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France. Tas Fobnncatioxa. —The Paris Pap...
FRANCE . Tas FoBnncATioxa . —The Paris papers of Friduy announce the demand of 17 , 500 , 000 fi ? n « J & . M ** - shal Soult , to defray the expense of arming thefortiftcatidnsofParis . ^ rcady hadagooddealofexcitement manifested itself on this head , butmuch more vvoiild it was expected , be disp layed . The fortifications of Paris , saysthe-ffe / iwine , have been erected against . the liberties of France , and not against foreigners . ^ lkis is a feet so obvious , that it would be losing one s time to attempt to demonstrate it to those who still affect to
doubt it . The fortifications of Paris are menacing for Paris , but , once armed , Paris is enslaved . In proposing to arm the forts , our rulers call on France to declare if she is tired of the representative Government , and ready to bow to an ignominious despotism . The ministry , wc are told , has lost its senses , and the Chamber has only to pronounce its interaction ^ The Ministry , we maintain , is fully conscious of its acts—it is the system that is preparing to pronounce the interdiction of its adversaries . Ministers obey the dictates of him who fostered them , and directed their entire conduct durin the last four
years . Supported by a doubtful majority , p laced in pre * - e of an assembly in which there is no majority certain for anybody , the Cabinet wishes to obtain from a Chamber whese fate was scaled by the vote on ihe address , an act of extreme weakness ; they think they may expect anything from those who granted an indemnity to Mr . Pritchard . It is their last obsession at tlie bedside of a dying power , it is a will extorted incxtrcmi * . Wc- are told that the Ministry hesitated a long tim-. ' before embarking in an undertaking so difficult ; after sustaining so many defeats on secondarv questions , to raise one that may prove
their destruction , is , it is alleged , the height of imprudence . We say that they are obeying an imperious necessity . The Rifonne then proceeds to cite extracts from speeches " delivered at different periods by the King to prove that Ms Majesty , who was the ori ginator of the fortifications , was pcrsevering ly following the plan he Lad conceived iu 1 S 33 , and that he would not rest until he saw it carried into comp lete execution . The Reforms accordingly invites the National Guard and all the citizens of Paris to protest against that libcrticidc project , and publishes a petition against the armament of the fortifications , & lreadv signed by hundreds of individuals .
" The enceinte continue of the fortifications of Paris , " says the ( barrier Francai * , " contains 04 fronts aud " the detached forts 1 ) 3 , in all ITS fronts . Each front , consisting of two half curtains and a bastion , requires for its defence 20 p ieces of artillery , or for the lc > 7 fronts 3 . G 40 guns . As eac-h ^ gun is to be supp lied with ammunition for 600 rounds , the war department will have to provide 2 , 184 , 000 cannon balls and upwards of 25 , 000 , 000 kiUogrammes ( 25 , 000 tons ) of gunpowder . The 17 , 000 , 0001 . demanded by Marshal Soult will consequently comprise but a portion of the expense necessary for the complete armament of the fortifications of Paris . "
Disranssixo Suicide of a Polish Reflgke . — La 1 / emocritiic Pacifique of the 31 st ult . contains the following : — " The continued and abominable tyranny of the Emperor Nicholas often operates injuriously upon the minds of those unhappy Poles who are protected from his vengeance byourhospitality . Thadcus Jionkiesiuiez , a native of Gedelif Id , having become possessed with the idea that our Government , threatened by the Czar , intended to give up the refugees , to be transported by the Autocrat of all the Hussias to Siberia , became , under this groundless impression , insane . Tormented with this idea , the unfortunate man , who possessed an independent subsistence , and resided at Valenciennes , cut histhroat ¦ with , a razor , by which he destroyed himself instantaneouslv .
SPAIN . The Gablists . —A letter from Bayonne , of the 20 th ult ., contradicts fherepor * of the flig ht of the Carlist chief Yilktreal from Borc-. aux , the only foundation for which was the fact of his having kept his bed from sickness for a day or two . " I beg to warn you , " says ihe writer , " against tlie fabrications of our jonruals , in respect of Spanish news . I Lave several times informed you that the Carlists here are active in their intrigues , and that an outbreak in Navarre ishighly probable this spring . The country , however , is for the press * - " perfectly tranquil , and the people so entirely dis :.. . sed as to he unable to defend themselves against r . bbers , who have appeared in the ncirrJiaurhood cf Pampeiuna . The country is guarded bv a nollc-everr Inadequate in point of numbers . "
Baxelcxa .- A letter from Barcelona , of tne 23 rd ult . says , : —For some days a sharp correspondence has been cxclnngei between the captain general ana tie Neapoliran consul relative to tv-o Neapolitr-i . s , Vicente Ferrazana ar . d Thomas Appignoni , whom General C < meka expelled froin Barcelona , and forced to take r .-fujre in France . The Neapolitan consul has protested against tins act as arbitrary and in contempt of the law of nations , as well as contrary to tlie guarantees stipulated in treaties in favour of the subjects of the two cations . But the captain general , in p lace of acceding to this representation , declared that , being convinced that there were at Barcelona fbreisxera who , in place of remaining
neutral in the midst of the troubles which had occurred , had , on the contrary , excited them , he was decided to inquire into the conduct of each , and to expel , not only from Barcelona , but also from the province , all whose conduct had not been comp letel y neutral . General Concha added , that he regretted adopting these measures , but that he was obli ged to do so , in order to preserve tranquillity in the province under Ms orders . Almost at the same time a French subject , M . Kessler , was thrown into p rison b y the orders of the captain general , on the most futile motive . M . Fiury , the French consul , hastened to demand his liberation , and , in addition , required an
indeniiiih' to bo paid in proportion to the length of 3 L KesslcVd detention . But if I am well informed , it would s-. ein that all steps taken by M . Flury have not Litlierto produced any result , tbe captain general having referred the matter to Ids government for decision . - This incident has produced much excitement among the lacinliei-s of the consular body , who all appear decided to support the rights wMch treaties afford their countrymen . " More Arrests . —The Madrid papers of the 26 th ult ., state that twenty-seven persons had been arrested , charged witli participation in an "TSsparterist" conspiracy .
PROJECTED ABSOLUTIST KEVOLUTIOX—IXSUBKECriOXS OF THE CAKUSTS ! Tlie correspondent of the Times , writing from Madrid , on the 23 rd ult ., gives the following most important intelligence : — Notwithstanding the apparent liarmony that reigns between tlie Queen-Xotlier , ana tbe affected reconciliation between Iier and the new Marie du Palais ( Xarraez ) , you may depend upon it as a fact that the animosity which exists between them is of such a nature as not to have in the slightest degree diminished , and on the first
opportunity it will break out . Sot long since thrae military chiefs of high rank waited privately on Hunoz , and informed him that they were ready at a moment ' s notice to rise in favour of the Queen-Mother against the Minister at 'War , and that they could count on the forces under then * command . This is a fact , and not a mere rumour . They were aware of her anxiety to marry the young Queen to the son of I > on Carlos , and they were prepared to support her in carrying out Iier object . The new proposal , about introducing Prince Trapani at Madrid , is only a concession made to the exigencies of Louis Philippe .
I have lor some time past alluded to the accounts received £ xan Catalonia respecting the disturbed state of that part of Spain , and the movements of the Carlists . These accounts were at first affected to he received with mockery by the Conservative press here , and the facts were attempted to be suppressed . Xow , however , the same press is obliged to admit their exactitude ; and the repeated eneouniei- between the insurgents and tlie troops , in which the Litter have had the worst of it generally , have forced those who support the situation to call on the Government to display more energy and resolution in suffocating -n-hafii-jw appears to he the commencement of a formidable insurrection .
A plot has been discovered in Barcelona , the object of which was to effect a rising of the Carlists in connection with the bands of Tristany . They were to have commenced - - vitb . the assassination of General Concha . On the night of the 16 th , patrols of horse and foot paraded the streets until morning ; and on the following day several arrests were ma ;!? . In the north of the Principality afresh encounter Ins taken place between the factions and a part of the a ? \ They have even approached the Ampurdan . In 7 . "" = the alarm has been so great , that in less than an he - fter receiving his despatches , the Commandant-Gen : - Castellan , left that place at the head of the whole or the disposable force of cavalry ; and on the morning of tVi 19 th a battalion of the Reina regiment of -n & ntrvak-. left in the direction of Solsona ,
where i = ipears th-- notorious priest , Tristany , had shown Li - ' £ proclaiming Don Carlos VL , and collecting toget ' :.,- from all parts the large force which is said to be at his disposal . The general outbreak was to have taken place this day ( Easter Sunday ) , the Spanish troops , insurgents or otherwise , generally selecting a Sunday , or a Saint ' s festival , for the commencement of their operations . There is now no doubt that a formidable Carlist conspiracy exists throughout the whole extent of Catalonia , part of Xavarre , and Galicia . The ostensible object is to proclaim Isabella absolute Queen of Spain , and to demand her marriage with the son of Con Carlos . A junta of Carlists exists in Barcelona , and another in Berga . These juntas are principally composed of ecclesiastics .
In Orense also ( province of Galicia ) the friar Saturnine has placed himself at the head of a party of insurgents . The fommandant-general of that place received despatches on thelCth to inform him that Saturnino had entered the frontier from Portugal , between Celanova and Va " ?^ at the heaa of 30 Dinen . The second in command the I ?* immeuiately sent out with two companies , TMrtflTw ? aud S ^ rdia civil , to give the insurgents m ^ f ^^ i ttat Satumino liad attacked a detach-^ as ^ issT " - * that the
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France. Tas Fobnncatioxa. —The Paris Pap...
SWITZERLAND . Important News . —Commexcement or the Civil Wab !—In continuation of the intelligence contained in our 7 th page , we give the following from the Paris papers of Wednesday : —The Constitutionncl ( of Wednesday ) published a letter from Arau of the 29 th idt ., stating , that on the 27 th an entire company of carbineers of the forces of Lucerne deserted with arms and baggage , and joined the refugees of that canton on the territory of Argau . Onl y twelve men remained faithful . On the 29 th the " Insurrectionary Committee sent expresses in various directions with orders to the different corps of volunteers to repair , without loss of time to the general rendezvous . It was believed
, that the expedition would commence i ts-march on the 31 st . Accounts were received in Paris on Wednesday announcing a first success of the revolters in the capture of a small town ( Sursec / it was said ) . They were marching on Lucerne to the number of 14 , 000 men , with six pieces of cannon . Very severe observations were made in that capital on the withdrawal of Count Pontois , the French Minister to the Swiss Government , at such a crisis . "It is , " said the parties , " of a p iece with the whole policy of the French Cabinet . France withdraws her Minister in order to avoid countenancing either the Government or the insurgents , and will send him back when the affair shall have been decided "
INDIA AND CHINA . News has Wen received in anticipation of the Overland Mail , which left Bombay on the 12 th of March . ' the news of the month is singularly uninteresting . Sir Charles Nap ier , with a British force of nearly five thousand men , continues in the mountainous country of the llhoozties . The enemy has fled far before him , ar . d he is now negotiating , being unable to overtake or surround them . His army begins to suffer severely from want of provisions , and should he persist iii remaining beyond the desert until the hot season approaches , it is feared he may require to make a rapid and disastrous retreat . There seems little chance of his effecting anything by remaining where he is . Scinde generally is quiet , and the troops , with the Highlanders , now on their ine in
way to rjomoay , neaiiny . cuiupaigu me Southern Mahratta country has closed—not very gloriously , but it has closed . The troops are on their way back to their cantonments , and the executioner is winding up the work which the gun left unfinished . The troubles in tho Punjaub continue with little change , and in the same state as in the past six months . Government are quietly moving up a force towards the north-west frontier , which , bv the time it is collected , will probably fall little short of 40 , 000 men . It is not understood that anv aggressive measure is intended : preparations appear to be merel y preventive . Of the troubles in Nepaul Cashmere ' little or nothing since last mail . Tranquillity generally prevails through the British dominions In the East . From China we have intelligence to the 14 th of January ; it is of peculiar commercial interest .
Execution And Confession Of Tawell. Ayle...
EXECUTION AND CONFESSION of TAWELL . AYLESBCKl ' , 1 'IUDAT . The hoar a nnouueed for execution was eigb t o ' clock , but about a quarter of an hour before eight a sudden motion of the crowd showed that the moment bad come . The most intense silence prevailed , not a word escaped after tbe crowd had said " He is coming . " Tbe wretched man was greatly moved when he saw the crowd ; he trembled exceedingly , and was scarcely able to stand as he stepped on the p latform under the drop . The nig htcap having been immediatel y drawn over him , te knelt down to pray , which he did with the most apparent fervour . After he had been pray ing
for about a minute or a minute and a half he was assisted to rise by Calcraft , who proceeded to place the rope round hisneek . The meek demeanour of the wretched man from the time he first appeared on the scaftbld seemed to excite the utmost sympathy on the part of the spectators . When the cap was drawn over his eyes he placed his hands together ( as far as the cord by which he was pinioned would allow him ) , as in an attitude of prayer . The rope , we have said , was alreadyplaeed round his nook . The work of fastening it occupied nearly half a minute , but it must have been a period of terrible suffering to the unfortunate
culprit , as it undoubtedly was to every witness of the scene . Tliis performed , the drop fell , aud the wretched man became at once violently convulsed and his whole frame quivered—his arms and lejs contracted—they tell again—were again contracted—fell again , again contracted—and lie hung a motionless corpse . It was expected that the wretched man would be received with groans and execrations by the crowd , but 20 such disgraceful proceeding took p lace . On the contrary , a most decorous and becoming silence was observed . Tlie body was allowed to hiuig for an hour , and was then taken , but not cut , down . lie was executed in ihe Quaker ' s dress .
The length of drop allowed him was so little , that he struggled most violently . His whole frame was convulsed : he writhed horribly , and his limbs rose and fell again repeatedly , while he wrung his hands , his amis having been previously p inioned , and continued to wring his hands for several minutes , they being still clasped as thoug h he had not left off praying . It was nearly ten minutes after the ' rope hail been fixed before the contortions which indicated his extreme suffering ceased . It is not intended to cast blame upon any one connected with the dreadfidfuhrlment of this law ; but the mechanical arrangements oug ht to have been so perfect as entirclv to prevent the punishment being little more than an act of torture to the malefactor , who was so
short and small in person that he could scarcely have weighed more than seven or eight stone . He died " hard , " as the phrase is ; and his light body dangled in the breeze , backwards and forwards , and round about , a most pitiable and melanchol y spectacle . "What was the effect upon the spectators ? It produced a feeling of sorrow for the criminal . There was nothing" about the execution to give it the force of a warning example of the badly disposed . It took p lace before the accustomed and expected time ; there were no official persons present on the scaffold , exceptthc turnkeyand the hangman ; neither the sheriff , sub-sheriff , nor chaplain was visible ; and below , in the space before the Countyhall , there was not even a constablepoliceman , or
, javelin-man . There was no air of authority about the proceeding ; nor was there any public display of solemnity suited to it . The consequence was , that the subdued exclamation of the populace , uttered " more in sorrow than in anger , " was , ""VVh y they turned Mm off like a dog _ ' . " A just observation ; it was truly ahang-iog affair . Tawell ' s Coxfessiox . —Tawell drew up a confession some uavs since , of wliich he made a copy at a quarter before five o clock tliis morning , ( Friday ) . This statement he p laced in the hands of the Rev . Mr . Cox , the chaplain , which he begged of that
gentleman to keep , but said that he had no objection to the substance of itbeing made known to the public . The statement will be so far satisfactory to the public that it takes away all doubt as to the guilt of the deceased . He confessed that he was guilty of the murder of Sarah Hart , and also that he was guilty of the attempt to murder her on the previous occasion , in September last , as stated on the trial . He also confessed that he did not commit themurder from p ecuniary motives , but from the dread that the relation in which he stood towards Sarah Hart would transpire , and come to the ears of his wife .
Oldham. Ox Sunday Last Mr. Edward Clark,...
OLDHAM . Ox Sunday last Mr . Edward Clark , of Manchester , delivered two lectures in the Working Man s Hall , Horsedge-street . Oldham . —To-morrow ( Sunday ) two lectures will be delivered in the Working Man s Hall , Horsedgestreet , at half-past two in the afternoon and at six in the evening .
The Northern Star Saturday, April 5, 1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , APRIL 5 , 1815 .
The Trades' Conference. Resolved, As Far...
THE TRADES' CONFERENCE . Resolved , as far as we were concerned , that Labour should speak for itself , and through its own representatives , we purposel y abstained from commenting at any length upon the proceedings of the delegates last week , lest a coincidence of opinion between ourselves and Labour ' s representatives might give rise to jealousy upon the one hand , or the charge of interference or premature criticism on the other . We now . however , return to the subject , when our
remarks cannot affect what has been done , or be regarded as a desire to force upon the public mind what more we would desire to see accomp lished . The proceedings of Conference are now public property , and from the clear and lucid opening of the honorable chairman , to his closing remarks , all must come to the conclusion that they present the first step In that grand national movement to which , from the birth of the Northern Star , we have invited our readers .
Independently of the striking facts and startling truths promulgated by the representatives , who spoke from experience , the cordiality , unanimity , and agreement that prevailed throughout establishes the truth of a great political principle for . which we have ever contended . If it be true , as none can doubt , that politics are the " madness of the many for the gain of the few , " tne proceedings of the Trades ' Conference furnishes an apt illustration of the feet , that politics , to he tlmgain of the many , must be participated in by all . However we may understand the fact , that the Working Classes having one common interest should be ruled by one common policy , we coidd not shut out the fact from Qurselyes , that the power and cunning working of
The Trades' Conference. Resolved, As Far...
system had established strong political rivalry among a class whose only salvation consisted in oneness of opinion . The Trades , by some political fatuity and social infatuation , have been from time to time strongly impregnated with the respective political principles of the two great rival factions , aud tlieir bodies for many years were controlled and governed by their several officers with a despotism , though not perceptible to all , yet dangerous to tho whole .
To eradicate this political preference and class domination , has required no little time and not less caution . We confess that , hitherto , we have been compelled to speak the language of infancy rather than of mature judgment , to our friends the Trades : however , wc rejoice that the time has arrived when we can now address them in sincerity and truth , without the fear of offending ; and in truth we tell them that their most valuable performance throughout their proceedings was the establishment of agreat political fact , to which we have over and over again sought to draw their attention . Wc have contended that
all other parties in the State being equally represented , while Labour is excluded , that all unitedly could not legislate satisfactorily for the several interests that they represented , while unrepresented Labour was sure to be the battle-ground for faction , While , upon the other hand , Labour being the source of all wealth , aud wealth being the thing for which the represented classes scramble , if Labour alone was represented , in doingjustice to itself , it could not fail of conferring corresponding advantages upon every
other class of society . Here , then , is our illustration : —The several interests in the country , Labour onl y excepted , are represented in the House of Commons . Even the Jews , thoug h excluded from the Tabernacle , are amply represented by those who arc dependent upon them . Hence it is that wc find a Prime Ministcr , Jwith the largest majority ever placed at the command of a leader , incapable of satisf ying the several interests , or any one of them , capriciously represented under the system of class legislation .
Debates of the most insignificant description are made to hinge and turn upon political bias ; parties only swayed by the hope of applying the resources of the country to tho support of their own adherents . Thus presenting all the characteristics of legalised p lunderers , rather than equable distributors of the national revenues . No question has more continuously occup ied the public mind than that of establishing such a system of representation as will insure " a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work ; " and the total absence of all political subjects , the avoidance of all top ics that could by possibility lead to , or exhibit any , the sli g htest disagreement in the Trades ' Conference , at once establishes the fact that the
equalization of social benefits can be only discussed and legislated upon , by a Parliament whose paramount business and desire it would be to carry into practice the great principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number . Here we have seen Whigs , Tories , Radicals , Reformers , Chartists , Free Traders ( though not many of them ) , Protestants , Catholics , Dissenters of every complexion , assembling together for a week with prejudices in favour of their several political creeds , relig ious tenets , and social notions , as strong as those entertained b y members of the House of Commons , and yet all are sunk , neutralised , and absorbed in thj general'desire to accomplish a great social purpose .
Now we turn to the consideration of the work performed by the delegates ; and of that we shall only say , as the hypercritical say of Sir William Follktt , that he not only applies his words well , but that he uses " the only" words that are illustrative of tlie point that he wishes to expound . So we say of the Trades , that they have not only performed good work , but that they have performed " the only" work , and in the only way in which they could recommend themselves to tho country . As wo stated last week , a Conference of a sluggish body , hard to be moved ,
and sceptical of belief , was not likely to bo elected in a hurry , and to cany with it a sufficient amount oi weight to ensure national respect or national co-operation . Their business was—and they have well performed it—to promulgate the several grievances under which they laboured , and to map out a general outline of those means by which they propose to remedy their several grievances . Had they done more , they would have surpassed the duties assigned to them , while they would have failed in ensuring the necessary co-operation for carrving out their
measures . Seeing , however , that the most enthusiastic could carry nothing of themselves , they wisely abstai-: od froni enunciating any defined plan , leaving to that mind which will have time to contemp late upon their several suggestions and propositions till July ( when theymeet again ) the task of moulding general views into a national plan of organization . Instrumental then as our humble exertions have been in procuring the first skeleton of representation , wo shall not be charged with vanity if wc confess our great anxiety as to the sequel , nor with interference if , from time to time , wc impress what appeared to be the wish and meaning of tho delegates upon our colleagues of the Provisional Committee , and ,
through them , upon the Trades generall y . Perhaps the greatest strength that a public man can possess is that of knowing the proper time for action , and tlie fitting time for repose . From the present moment then , to the 28 th of July , we aver to be the time for general Trades action . The country will look forward with intense interest and anxiety to what will then be considered a full , free , and fair representation of the Working-class mind of the country . The dut y , we had almost said the task , of bringing about the first representation . of the Trades , exclusivel y devolved upon Mr . Buncombe and ourselves . No other paper even noticed the " great fact , " and yet , throug h our humble exertions , we saw 110 honest industrious men sent to London
to represent their several Trades . Thus Ave have painted the miniature , and while we will not leave the perfecting of Labour ' s full-length portrait to any other artist , we may safely infer that we shall have all bidding for participation in the great national work . The Conference has adopted several questions as worthy of consideration—it has wisely decided upon none ; and , therefore , wc may di gress to express our regret that so numerous and influential a body as the Hand-loom Weavers should have felt themselves called upon to dissent from what was done with respect to Local Boards of Trade .
They should understand that the way to enforce a question is by argument , and not b y withdrawing from the contest : and that that one principle paramount with them , and peculiarly applicable to their trade , remains an open question , and one wliich may be discussed in the forthcoming Conference , and with every probability of success in cases to which it was applicable , and where it would be considered a triumph . . The Hand-loom Weavers have ever commanded our especial interest and consideration . We have battled for them when we stood alone . We have described them as the very foundation of the
present agitation and movement , and to lose their co-operation now would be a source of unmitigated sorrow . However , we w ill no t lose t he m , except through their own' folly . We will reason with them because they have brains to understand us . We ] will commune kindl y with them , because they are susceptible of kindly impressions ; and in the language of sincerity wcteli them that even between ourselves and the proprietor of the Northern Star , there is a difference of opinion upon the subject of Local Boards ; and yet that difference does not
disturb the general cordiality upon all other subjects , nor is it likely to be dogmatically enforced one way or other to the prejudice of the princi p le . Wh y , then , not tolerate a division | of opinion among the delegates ? or why should the Hand-loom Weavers capriciously subject themselves to such a charge of inconsistency as that of withdrawing from the contest because at one preliminary meeting they could not secure the adoption of one single principle ? It would be childish—it would be worse than childish—it would be foolish ; and our friends are not foolhjh , and will ,
The Trades' Conference. Resolved, As Far...
therefore , return to us , secure in tho belief that as wc have been their oldest and most constant , ' wc are their truest and their best friend . Having said so much upon the particular topic , we now recur to the general question . We understand that the Provisional Committee have resolved upon vigorously carry ing out the recommendations of Con . fcrence , and by next week we hope to publish their first report , together with an appeal from the chairman , bearing upon the several duties to be performed by the Trades generall y . This we understand to be the wish of the Committee , and therefore , knowing
Mr . Buncombe ' s desire to serve , we may expect compliance upon his part . The one great object which we mean to keep in view is that of procuring such a representation in July next , as will carry with it all the weight of a national movement , embodying the Working Class mind of the country . Trusting to see a comp lete and entire amalgamation of thejseveral interests of the Labouring Classes , and to this end , as we wish the movement to be imperial rather than national , we would respectfully submit the prop riety of inviting our Irish brethren to take part in our future proceedings , which may bo thus
accomp lished . The secretary may coi-respond openly , and without fear of violating any existing Act of Parliament , with the Irish Trades' officials , leaving to the Trades of Ireland I ' he duty of nominating confidential persons to be elected by English constituencies ; and this accomp lished , wc have no hesitation in saying ' that the Irish Trades , so long bound down by political despotism , will become the most vi gorous section of the movement . Indeed , wc liare no little pleasure in noticing the fact , that at the Conference of Shoemakers , now sitting in
London , a Mr . HoRSFonn , from Cork , acts as representative of his Trade ; nor can we abstain from drawing marked attention to their proceedings , wliich will be found elsewhere . The speech of Mr . Feicrer , the delegate for Cheltenham and district , will be read with pleasure by all , and has been perused with no little vanity b y ourselves . From his speech it will be seen that the Shoemakers , representing more thaii a quarter of a million of persons , look to the Land as their only salvation , and therefore it is a subject that is likel y to be brought prominently before the delegates in July .
Aware of the suspicion entertained by the Trades upon all legal questions , it is likel y that some misgivings may arise relative to the legality of their proceedings ; however , we think that tho well-known and justl y appreciated sagacity of Mr . Buncombe , the great legal knowledge and watchfulness of Mr . Roberts , together with our own proper caution , furnish ample guarantee upon that score . Upon Mr . Roberts doubtless will devolve tho duty of legalising the Association , and , capable as he is of performing that duty , nevertheless we feel confident that he will call to his aid the best legal talent to lie had in the market .
Thus armed with popular confidence and the law s toleration , we call upon the Trades of England to arouse from their long and enervating slumber—to shake off tlieir destructive apathy—to rid themselves of tlieir aristocratic pretensions—to doff the garb of slavery which they have so long and so willingly worn , and to put on the armour of self-defence . They may rest assured that , united , they are
omnipotent—that their President will stand by them to the last—that their legal adviser will keep them clear of the meshes and trammels of the law—that their organ , which we have the honour to conduct , will honestly , faithfull y , and zealously represent them—that their enemies will dread them—tlieir friends respect them—and the world admire them , when they assume the position of freemen , and manifest the determination to be no longer slaves .
THE FORTHCOMING CONVENTION . When Whi gs and Tories , Protestants and Catholics , Landlords and Manufacturers , Merchants and Speculators , are devising means for the aggrandisement of their several orders , it is something to see the Working Classes setting zealously about the work of distribution . However Sir Robert Peel may gratify the Catholics of Ireland , however he may endeavour to satisfy the representatives of tlie landed interest in the House of Commons , and however he may convince the free traders that his measures are the
best that under existing circumstances he can extract from his Parliamentary adherents , and however temporary employment may for the moment reconcile the Working Classes to the partial improvement in their condition ; yet all the signs of the times must convince hini of the impracticability of legislating for Labour until the representatives of Labour are allowed to speak and vote upon its behalf It is , therefore , refreshing to find the Working Classes keeping their claim to representation alive even iu the midst of circumstances , which , but for their training , they would be led to look upon as
permanent . Wc must in some respect consider the Working Classes as litigants , claiming a ri ght long withheld , and merely waiting the fitting opportunity to push their claim to a final settlement ; and , resolved that the Statute of Limitation should not operate against tliem , they have wisely determined upon keeping it alive by an annual representation of their grievances . There are many in our ranks who remember the boastings of Prosperity Robinson in 1 S 24 , and there are not a few who have a stinging recollection of the calamity wluch so speedily followed the promised perpetuity of English prosperity , These , and such
like results , emanating from the fictitious system engendered by class legislation , have taught the Working Classes the necessity of being prepared , whenever an opportunity occurs , to demand equality with those who create sufferings , but never partici pate in them . And , while to some the proposed Convention may appear to be a work of supererogation , we contend that there never was a time more imperativel y demanding tlieir vigilance . The letter of Mi * . O'Connor , which will be found in our first page , of itself furnishes ample matter for deep consideration , while there arc other topics to which he does not refer , and to which we trust attention will be
directed . Tho Chartist body has in nothing suffered so much damage as from the practice of allowing poor gentlemen and willing idlers to live upon any amount of excitement that they can create , and , therefore , if a Convention was otherwise unnecessary than to devise means by which the vermin can be taken off the Chartist body , we feel convinced that every district in the country would hail such purification with gladness . This is a change that we have long contended for ,
and every day ' s practice teaches us , that , until it is effected , there can be no hope of a thorough organisation of the Working Classes . It is a remarkable fact , that , duringtimes of excitement , when the needy will pay liberally for marketable stuff , that we find a crop of mouthing patriots spring up , as if by magic , while , upon the other hand , when temporary employment and comparative comfort cause a lull in political ag itation , we find those very mouthers the first to propound a new code of philosophy suiting to the existing temperament .
For ourselves we have always justified the excitement produced in 1837 , 1838 , and 1839 ; but what we have objected to has been the altered tone of those who breathed fire in those days , and would now heap revilings upon men of equally ardent temperament , but who have not equally abandoned their trust . Many false conclusions have been drawn from the failure of tho Convention of 1839 , while the fact should riever be lost sight of , that the delegates of
that year should rather be looked upon as a scrambling section of thefriddle than as a representation of the Working Classes . It was a second " bid " for an amount of popular enthusiasm to carry a more complete middle class reform than the mockmeasure of 1842 ; besides , there was a large fund , no less than £ 9000 , together with many weekly salaries of six guineas each , which served as golden links to bind the robbers until the plunder was distributed amongst them . So long as the country was
The Trades' Conference. Resolved, As Far...
generous , and supplied the funds , so long ' was fervour high , and promise abundant ; but as soon as the exchequer became weak , that moment did the several factions of which the Convention was composed begin to show themselves in their true colours . And yet , notwithstanding all the honest representatives of the Working Classes were enabled to preserve their principles from the assaults of the Birming ham ragmen , the Cobbetiites ( but not the representatives of their departed leader ) , the Whig Working Men s Association of London , the poor gentlemen , the rival newspaper mongers , and tho local traders , who hoped to derive a profitable trade by means of national popularity .
From the lesson taught by the Convention of 1389 , the peop le have profited much , and hence we find that each succeeding representation has been confided ( for the most part ) to working men themselves . Too large an amount of funds have not been placed at their disposal , and , therefore , that time , which would otherwise be spent in speaking for hire , has been exclusively devoted to business . At tho last Convention , at Manchester , more practical business was
performed than at all previous gatherings , because it was purely a representation of the working classes ; and in order that tho good work there performed may be followed up , wc hope to sec Working Men elected as delegates to the forthcoming Convention , who > tli resume their several avocations when their political work has been done . And , above all , we trust that the several delegates will receive instructions from their constituents upon the several questions likelv to be brought forward .
The Trades ' Conference , recently held , was not a political Conference , but was elected purely for Trades ' purposes . The Chartist Convention will be , however , a purely political representation ; at the same time , we trust , prepared to shew clearly and fully to the country the amount of social benefit that must follow the achievement of political rights . The day has gone by when any the most powerful , the most popular , or cunning man can exist upon mere political furor ; for , as Mr . Buncombe well observed , the whole question at issue between the represented
and the unrepresented classes is a fair day ' s wage for a fair day ' s work , and how to preserve that blessing without the unjust interference of the capitalists . Obstructives as wc are , we did not seek to obtrude our political notions upon the Trades , because they are looking for the same end at which we aim , while it would be a violation of principle , a prostration of honour , and a prostitution of mind , were we to lead to antici pation of general and permanent good arising from any other source than that of perfect political equality—the equality contended for in the document entitled the People ' s Charter .
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THE FOREIGN SPY AGAIN . The demand upon our space this week is too great to enable us to do justice to the unblushing admissions made by Sir James Graham upon the motion of Mr . Shkil . We regret our inability te enter largely upon this subject , the less from the length at which we have given the debate , and from which it will be seen that the Home Secretary has from first to lastdeceived the House , aud the country , by evasion and falsehood—falsehood so striking and apparent , that
not a colleague of the Right Honourable Gentleman was found hardy enough to volunteer a defence against the charge of quibbling and thimble-rig brought against him by Mr . Buncombe . Ho was "left alone in his glory "—the thing , as Mr . Buncombe observed , having now become so grossly fraudulent as not to admit of defence . Notwithstanding the Home Secretary ' s solemn asseveration that no comiuuiucation of tho names of parties resident in England was made to foreign powers , we have his after admission that the whole matter was communicated BUT ONLY to the
Austrian Government—the very Government—the only Government that could have turned the inform ation to the account of cold-blooded assassination and butchery . Hence , while Sir J . Gra k am would soothe us into the belief that he had held the name of Mazzini sacred , he forces upon us the conviction that ho has been the murderer of the departed patriots . Is it wonderful , in such a dilemma , and after such a confession , that Sir Robert Peel should have left his colleague to get out of the mire as best lie could , to wash the stain of blood from off his hands as he
was best able , while the Premier , in his hurry to escape the conflict , left his coat behind him , and snubbed the lazy reserve as they unwillingl y marched to sustain the forlorn hope ? When was the honour of the country before at stake , and its defence left to the solitary individual charged with the disgrace ? But so it was—Sheil preferred the charge ; Graham endeavoured to flounder out of it , but was unable to refute it ; while Duscoubb charged him with quibbling , thimble-rig evasion , and falsehood . The House voted him , like the Herefordshire jury , "NOT GUILTY , " but recommended him to mercy ; and we trust that ho will , receive more than his victims
received at his hands . He has now placed Mr . Mazzki in a position from wliich he must extricate himself . We believe him innocent , but to convince the world that he is so , ho must prove that his accuser is guilty .
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The U'Avr To Get The Charter. —"We Have ...
The U ' Avr to get the Charter . — "We have received the following from a correspondent at Long ton , in the Potteries : —The readers of tho Star are aware , from a report which appeared in our last , that the working men at Longton have carried , by an overwhelming majority , men of tlieir own order to serve the office of Surveyors of the Highways for the ensuing year . Such a victory never was achieved by the working classes , under the like circumstances . There had been a poor rate laid on a few days previous , being the fifth for this year ; and when the working men came to register their rotes , they were asked by the chief bailiff , who sat us
returning officer , if they had paid all their poor rates ? They said , and said truly , that they had never been called upon for their fifth rate . He then said , " Well , then , you cannot vote until you have paid all your rates . " Determined not to ho swindled out of their votes , hundreds of them took their goods and chattels to the pawnbroker ' s , to procure the money to pay the fifth rate . IVe know of many instances where the poor Colliers have said to their wives in the morning , "Now , my lass , thou knows that it will be after six o ' clock before I can get home , therefore , thou must get nic money , and pay the rate , so that I may give my vote . " The wife replied , "I don't know where to get it . " " Why , thou must take my trousers , or my coat , aud pawn it . " Tliis was done , and the noble-minded
fellows were to be seen coming to the polling booth in their pit clothes and black faces , to record their votes for the men of their own choice . Here is an instance of manly independence which we must not omit noticing . A . journeyman Potter went to his master to borrow the money to pay the rate . The master asked him "What he wanted the money for 1 " He said , " To pay my poor-rate . " " Who are you going to vote for ? " " For the Working Man ' s Board , " said he , " Then , " replied the master , " I will lend you no money . " " Tli < . , » said the working man , "I will work no more for you ! " With this he turned on Ins heel and left the counting-house . But the man being a good workman , and one that the master could not well do without , he sent for him back , and lent him
the money . The man paid his rate , and gave his vote to the men of his own order . Whilst the working men were thus harassed , the masters , at least many of them , were using every means to intimidate , not only their workmen , but the tradesmen of the town . And it is our duty again to record that the Free Traders were , as usual , the parties who were the most intolerant and tyrannical . One of tliem went to a respectable tradesman with some work he wanted doing on Tuesday evening ; he first asked him if he could do it , and being answered in the affirmative , he then said , " Who are you going to vote for ? " The man said , for neither party . " But you must , " said this liberal Pree Trader ** you must vote for us . " "No , " said this independent Englishman , "if I was to vote at all , I would vote
against you ! " " Then , " said the Free Trader , » I will see you damned before you shall have-tlie job , or any other from me . " Nor is this all ; some " of these tyrants brouffht their men up to the poll , and compelled them to vote for the manufacturers' Board . One instance we cannot omit mentioning ; the master gave his men money to pay then-rates , and then came leading them to the poll One of the men was bold enough to dare the tynmt ' ii hate , for , on tendering Ms vote , he gave it to the work ing men . "O !» said the master , « then you will not suppor me ? " •« So , " said the man , » I always supporl myself ! " Well , notwithstanding the manufacturer gave h-om two to sue votes each , according to SturEe < Bournes A . ct , yet smglchandcd the hard y sons of the mmc and the pottery , combined with other honest son * of tod , beat tbcm by a glorious majority of 343 1 Thi
The U'Avr To Get The Charter. —"We Have ...
working men of Lbngtoh have proved what power the working classes possess , if they will but exercise it . One of the Longton manufacturers said , "He would not euro for the Chartists getting the Highway Board ; but they will not be content with that , they are for interfering in everything ! " Yes , Chartists of England , the men of Longton are for interfering in everything connected with their welfare . They have elected a Board of Surveyors , Churchwardens , and Sidesmen . In fact the sub-secretary of the Charter Association is at the present moment a Surveyor of the Highways , a Church , warden , and a journeyman potter . But here they will not stop ; in a few days the election of the Guardians of the Poor will take place , when the men of the Potteries are determined to put men into that office who will
honestly expend the rates , and do justice to tlie 7 > oor creatures whom-an unjust system reduces to pauperism . Let , therefore , the Chartists of England follow their noble example , and never rest satisfied until thev have their fair share in the management of all local iin ' « i « . If thuj neglect this important duty , they deserve all the tyranny that can be practised upon them . The Fkamework-Knittebs . —The £ i spoken of in our last , as having been received from Harwich , should have been acknowledged as from Hawick , in Scotland . It was subscribed by the Framework-Knitters of Hawick in aid of the Trial-fund in Nottingham , to contest the claim of the masters to stop the ' Framo-renl" out of thu -wages of tlie workmen , when the law says tliatv . u" - ^ must be paid in the current coin of tlie realm . a
Ma . O'Co . vxor a . vd Mb . Cooper . —We insert Hsc follow , ing brief rejoinder to Mr . O'Connor ' s last remarks hv Mr . Cooper : — " I am sorry to take up another iir . e of your space , but the peculiarity of my situation demands that the absolute truth should be stated . Mr . O'Connor , I beg to state , is agmn wrous , when lie sav * reia . tire to me ' on his application , I gave 10 s . a week as long as it ( the rilumtnator ) lasted ; ; md on M ? applica . tion , I sent Aim £ 5 for what I termed at the time 'his bastard '—the first paper he started . ' In the first place , I repeat , Mr . O'Connor did not give 10 s . a week to the ' paper ' as long as it lasted ; ' but only so long as it reinaiued the property of the working men . In the second place , I must state that it is as notorious as the sun at noon-day to hundreds—I might sav
thousandsin Leicester , that it was not on my application at aU that Mr . O'Connorgave the 10 s . per week , inasmuch as die paper was started several weeks before I became a Chartist , and was in existence duo or th-ee weeks before I knew Of it . In the last place I observe , Mr . O'Connor did not , ' on my application , send me £ 5 , ' for either 'the first paper I started , ' or tor any other paper ; uor aid ho , at any time , in writing to me , term my pap - . ¦ my bastard . ' I have no doubt that Mr . O'Connor v , . u not only applied to for £ y , but sent it to sow . e quarter ( for I have heard of his generosity to other little ( nheaxera . started by working men , as well as to the IUukimtor ) ; but neither £ 5 , nor five farthings , were ever sent to me for the support of any of my papers by Mr . O ' Connor . Messrs
Seal , Markhnm , II , Green , Burden , Bowman , Weston , ifcc , il'C , know best whether they ever applied tor , or received , £ y from Mr . O'Connor for carrying ou the Illuminator . I can only say that I hcwt heard of it ; aud for that reason I think the £ 5 must have been applied for , and sent to some other locality , and not to Leicester . The application for aid to carry on the Illuminator , and Mr . O'Connor ' s promise of the weekly 10 s ,, were made at least three months before 1 wrote my first letter to Mr , O'Connor , he beinj then in York Castle . Again , 1 say , this is all inadvertent on tlie pan Of J [ r . O'Connor , and I do not wonder at the lapses in his memory , when the multiplicity of his business ij considered . Thomas Cooper .
Those Agents who have not paid tlieir accounts will not receive any more papers after this week . Parties sending post-office orders , or cash , to this office , ought to be careful to write something in their letters , so that we can tell who sends them , and what they intend us to do with the money . We have four or five agents who never write a word more than the address of this office on the outside of the orders . We are partial to short letters , when on matters of business ; but these are rather too short . If tliose who send will only sign their names , it is all we ask ; and if they will nor do that , they must expect that the cash wi 11 sometimes be credited to the wrong agents . To correct such errors afterwards takes much time in writing for all particulars , besides the risk of the person seiiditt- ^ the
money losing it altogether . From a recent alteration in the post-office order department , it is impossible to ascertain tlie name of the person sending , without writing to the post-ofneo where the order was Era obtained , or to thegencraromce . Several of our agents ai-u still determined not to send their orders payable at 139 , Strand . We have this week received orders parable at the General Post-ofiicu from Wooclburn . Choi-ley - . ltodgcrs , Plymouth ; llollet , Nottingham jllarnett , litiH . If they would but , ask to have their orders mado p . iy . able . it ISO , Strand they would oblige . Several of our agents address their orders to Mr . Hobson . They would save us much time and themselves disappointment if they addressed them to the proper person . Mr . Henrv Saunders , of N ' cwnrk , must take this as an
answer to his complaint of neglect ; his letter went to the editor iu Windmill-street , and was never returned to the publishing office in the Strand . U ' jr . IVaekes , Salford . —Be patient : it is a long journey , but will not be overlooked . James yYooo , Esdeiis & ie . —Uefer to tlie Northern $ &•¦ of the 15 th of February , lSiC > . Adsrdeex . —If the secretary of the Aberdeen Co-operative Society will send a copy of their rules addressed to Henry Dorman , 10 , Clare-street , Nottingham , the charge for the same will be returned in postage stamps . Ma . Peplow , of Stafford , will oblige several Loudon friends by inserting his address in the ensuing number of tlie Northern Sin : Mr . Colquhocn , Glasgow , is informed that a letter of pressing importance was addressed to him from Mr . Harney , on Priday , the 21 st ult . An immediate answer is requested .
Ma . Beesley , late of Accrincton ' , appears not to have received the letter from Mr . Harney , of date Hie -21 st ult ., addressed to liim at the Temperance Hotel , Kingstreet , Blackburn . An answer is looked for . P . O'Brien-, Penzance . —We are sorry that press of matter compels us to withhold his letter this week . We will try to find room for it next . Mr . Llewellyn , the Welch Ciiautist . —Wo have received the following appeal from a correspondent : ire recommend it to the attention of our readers . —Brother CliartistSj—The Star of last week , in reporting thu proceedings of the Metropolitan District Council , will have made you acquainted with the name of Mr . John Llewellyn . Permit me to inform you that he is in need of your immediate pecuniary assistance . He dislikes informing you himself of his straitenc- 'J position , but by his permission I have undertaken to do so for hiai . He will be deeply grateful if the Chartist community will render him some assistance in this the hour of his
need . He has abstained making this appeal hinuell through motives of delicacy , better to be understood than described . He was persecuted by tlie Whigs for the Newport riot , or rather , it should be the Whig-made insurrrectiou . He has been ruined for his patriotism , and is in want of your immediate assistance ; and I am sure it is sufficient to inform you of this to ensure your kind aid . Any monies may be forwarded cither to the Star Office ; to the Council , Turnagaln-lane : or to Mr . Wheeler , ' 2 i ' 6 h , Temple-bar . —J . P . Linden .
Sheffield . —We are informed that the agency for tha Northern Star will be removed ou Saturday , April 13 th , to Mr . George CaviU ' s , No . 21 , fig Tree-lane . All communications for the Sheffield Chartists must be addressed George Cavill , News Agent , 21 , Fig Tree-lane . Communications from Rochdale , Hevwood , Diiad-FOttu . and other places , have been received , but too late for insertion this week . Press of matter compels us to withhold several communications . Mr . Hobson being absent from London , answers to several letters received are unavoidably postponed .
Monies Received By Mr. O'Connor. Eoil Ti...
MONIES RECEIVED BY MR . O'CONNOR . EOIl TIIE KXECUTU'E . £ » . ii-From Wovsboro ' Common tea party 1 -5 ' 1 suBScnimoNS . From Redditch .. ., , ,, o 5 » THOMAS COOPEB , From F . B ,, London .. o 0 » DCN'COMBE TESTIMONIAL , From Block-printers of Lancashire , Derbyshire , Yorkshire , and Cheshire , per George Waine ,. 50 * From the Packers' Society , per Mr . Hackney .. 3 S tt RECEIPTS PER GENERAL SECRETARY . SUBSCRIPTIONS . £ S . d . £ 5 , ' 1 . Marquis of Granby 0 16 Mr . T . Samiowtwo Manchester .. 11 ft G months .. .. o 1 « Oldham .. .. 077 Mr . W . Salmon , do . » 1 » Mossley .. .. 023 Leicester .. .. 030 Rochdale .. .. 060
DONATIONS . Proceeds of harmonic meeting at the Feathers .. 0 3 S Rochdale .... n li 0 Oldham " " ' n 0 U
tEvA ' . Tiverton o 10 0 Hammersmith , first portion .. .. "' . " o ' - 6 CARDS , ifcc . Paisley , account-book .. Q i 0 Baeup , cards .-. o 1 1 Greenock , cards Gd ., hand-book 2 d . .. ' . ' . ' . ' . 0 0 « MRS . DUNCAN . Proceeds of harmonic meeting at the Feathers .. 0 <> i
MRS . ELLIS , Clock-house , Westminster i ? it * Mr . Leach having resigned as a Candidate for the Executive Committee , his name is requested to be erased from those balloting papers issued previously to receiving ' decision . The candidates are the following : —O'ConnWi M'Grath , Doyle , Clark , Wheeler , Cooper ( of Stafford Gaol ) , Moir ( of Glasgow ) , and Ross ( of Leeds ) . Anv place , or body of Chartisis , not having received a balloting P » r er must apply for one immediately , or make out a wri tten list of their votes , and transmit it to the General Secretary . All the votes must be forwarded previous to the I 7 tn of this month . THOMAS MARTIN" lVHEEliEfli Secretary .
1 Marylebone.
1 MARYLEBONE .
Xhuitsdat 4sxtensive Kobbeex Bv A Lad* K...
XHUItSDAT 4 SXTENSIVE KOBBEEX BV A LAD * K "'" —Ann Purner , who was remanded from Thursday , t ' ^ 20 th ult ., upon the charge of having stolen bank notes , : i » other proti- ' -w of different descriptions , to a consMwaWjainoui . ^ belonging to the Hon , Colonel Finch , 6 . " } ' }"; Park-gardens , was again placed at the bar «^ V ? ' * , ' sitting magistrate , Mr . Long . The particulars ot « 'iipreviously transpired have already appeared in this uai'J '; The property recovered b y the officer was produce" ' m identified , and tbe prisoner was committed for U'ial .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 5, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05041845/page/4/
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