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ROBERT OWEiS AND THE EXHIBITION • •"'•; ...
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ROBERT OWEN AND THE EXHIBITION OF 1851. ...
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GUILDHALL.—Assault.—Sir William White, K...
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• Amputation again mevected bt Hoiiotv-....
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fifatiuwj &c,
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CORN. Mask Lane, Wednesday, April 2.-Th<...
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Ei)t ©a^m«
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' From the Gazette of Tuesday, April 1st...
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in Printed by "WILLIAM KIDEIt, oJNo. 5. Maeclcstiold-stiw in the" parish of St. Armc, \Yestniinster, at trie rnm^
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office, 16, Great Windnuli-street, Jlaym...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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gretted the course taken by Messrs . Wheeler and Mantle . Hr Rem thought no one could djsagWS with IhetotiS Mr . W ^ ff ^ rL'Sl !?* that bad been said by both lit iHweM * tad that eentleman . The programme did not go far enough for him . They would be better occupied in laying down a plan to get the land out " of the hands of those who now held it , either by purchase or othervise . That would be holding up a beacon to show the people how they might emancipate themselves . The programme would not attract sympathy out of the Chartist ranks , lie thought the details uncalfel for . It would be time enough to go into that matter when they had a parliament elected by the the
people . A Chartut parliament would be only judges on that subject . , .. Mr . Joxes said Mr . Ruffy had told them that "they would be better employed in l ^ g ° " . „ p lan , to obtain the land . He maintained that tne programme did lay down an efficient p lan , ihe land must be purchased b ; the State , ana not by SoldL , n . Societies . * They could only enlist popular support by laying down a puts Unless they did so it would be useless to Send out lecturers or missionaries . Each lecturer would be laying down a plan of his own , and endless division would be the result . The Convention or the Executive for the time being wa s the only authority for laying down such a plan . If any fault could be found with the programme , it was that it dealt too leniently towards those who had usurped the land .
Tne hoar for adjournment having arrived , the discussion closed for that evening . Mr . O'Connor and Mr . Thornton Hunt were absent by leave , from this afternoon ' s sitting .
THURSDAY . This morning the Convention assembled as usual at ten o ' clock . The roll having been called , the minutes were read and confirmed . Mr . Mastle alluded to the circumstance of the question under dispute in the Convention being made matter of debate in public meetings before it was decided in that assembly . Several Delegates having expressed an opinion adverse to such conduct . The matter dropped , and the adjourned debate was resumed . Mr . Teospsos stated , bis constituents had instructed him to support a plan for the Nationalisation of Land . He believed that the country would not understand it without it was combined with the necessary details . - . - ..,- "' , the clauses
Mr . Waxsok said , unless they attached to the preamble they would not be doing justice to themselves . If they , did not combine the details , they would be charged by the Press and the aristocracy with a wish to rob their neighbours of their property . Mr .. DusCAKSON thought they might argue for tbe Charter for ever without doing good . He -wished that these questions had been agitated years ago . A Board of Agriculture , andall the other points in the programme were subjects worthy of mature reflection and discussion . Mr . Besjold said that , in the localities , they were much injured by toe various conflicting opinions expressed by lecturers at their meetings , each propounding their own special plans . They needed some defined subjects laid down , on which lecturers might address them , instead of each conflicting with and opposing each other .
After some discussion , the amendment of Messrs . Mantle and Wheeler , of the previous evening , was -withdrawn , and the discussion was resumed de
¦ novo . Messrs . Mamie and Wheeleb then moved the adoption of the following portion ofthe programme , which was carried unanimously : — " This Convention believes that the Land is the inalienable inheritance of all mankind ; the present monopoly of the soil and its minerals is , therefore , repugnant to the laws of God and natnre . The Nationalisation of the Land is tbe only true basis of national prosperity . " Mr . Retsolds moved , and Mr . Duxcakson seconded— " That they go into committee to carry out the details of the measure . " Mr . Mastle moved , and Mr . CAPEWEixseconded , — " That the details be adjourned until that day six months . " - Mr . DoKCAKSosreiteratedbis views , and went into detail upon the value of the separate propositions .
The motion and amendment were pat , when the latter received hut three votes . Mr . Mastlb declined interfering further in the discussion , and obtained leave of absence until the afternoon sitting . Mr . Wheeler moved that tbe words " With a view of arriving at that ultimatum , " be omitted in the ensuing paragraph : — " With a view of arriving at that ultimatum , it is resolved that the following measures be successively urged upon the legislature . " The following measures were very good iu themselves , and bad been discussed at many Chartist Conventions ; but they did not appear to him to be the proper details to carry out the great principle they had adopted . He should vote for each of tbem as separate declarations of ihe views of the Convention . Mr . Moss seconded the motion . After considerable discussion ,
Mr . Wheeleb said , that seeing that delegates ¦ would open up the whole question of the ensuing clauses , aU ot which were good , but which would nave to be separately discussed , he should therefore -withdraw his amendment . The motion was then put , and carried with four dissentients . The following clauses were then carried with one dissentient without discussion : — " 1 st . Tbe establishment of a Board of Agriculture .
" 2 nd . The restoration of poor , common , church , And crown lands to the people . ' " Such lands to be divided among the poor in suitable proportions . Those located to be tenants ofthe state , paying a proportionate rent-charge for their holdings . " ' . ' 3 rd . Compensation to the ont-going tenant for Improvement or improvements to be effected ofthe landlord . " Tenants not to be tied down to any old covenants of rotation of crops . " The repeal of the Game laws . "All rents to be computed into corn-tents . " Mr . Barker stated that they were going to work in a very backward way . They laid down the principles that the land was national property and then made details relative to tbe mode in which it should be managed at the present time .
Mr . E . Joses explained that they would equally apply to the land when it became national pro-. perry . Mr . Wieeler expressed a doubt on that subject . Mr . Thompsos spoke in favour thereof . The next clause was then brought forward : — "The state to be empowered annually to purchase land for the purpose of locating thereon the surplus population , as tenants , individually or in association , paying a rent-charge to the state . Tbe funds for such pnrpose to arise partly from the rentcharge payable on the common , church , poor , and crown lands above , mentioned and such other sources as may hereafter be determined . "
Mr . Moss said , they had laid down the principle that the land was the property of the people , yet they proposed ia that clause to buy that which was ibeirown . He moved that the clause be omitted . Mr . Retsolds said , that the doctrine laid down by Mr . Moss was one of spoliation , and on the part of the Executive and the Cnartist body be entirely repudiated it . He trusted that such an aspersion upon their character would be discountenanced by ihe whole Convention . Mr . Robihsos said , they must adopt their plans to the circumstances with which they were surrounded . He , with Mr . Reynolds , repudiated the idea . that they were spoliators , or had any disposition to takeaway the land from its present possessors , without giving them a full equivalent in return .
Mr . E . Joses said , that they had no more right to confiscate land from its future possessors , than they had from the present . They must either get possession of it by . purchase or by blood ; lie preierred . the former course . The other clauses they had passed would show that it could be done justly and beneficially to all . Mr . Robissoh said , they wanted a plan to get the land ; they were necessitated to buy it , or not jretitatall . ' . - ;; . Mr . ' Watsoh said , tbe principles which should guide them , were those of kindness and fraternity ; they should not take from the present possessors that which even appeared to belong to tbem . . The clause was then carried , with two dissentients . . And the fifth and sixth , as follows , with one dissentient : —
"Government purchasing land as above , not to be permitted to sell again , but to hold such lands as national property for ever , letting them to tenants in such quantities , and under such conditions , as may secure freedom to the tenant , and safety to the state . " . " The state to have priority of purchase , at fair current prices . " Mr . Finlen- said , if they bought the laud of its present holders , Would it not give a sanction to tbe right they asserted to be . theirs ? The most just and consistent plan was to allow the rights Of the
present possessors to die out ; not to allow them to bequeath their possessions to others , but to revert to the state , to be disposed of hi a manner consistent with jratiw to the people . The people had been defrauded , but" they were sot aux < ous to return the injuries they had received upon those who had inflicted them . . The following additional clause was then brought forward by tbe Executive : — " To provide for the complete-nationalisation of land , the State shall resume possession of the soil as rapidly as the existing buerests can ba extinguished by process of law ,
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by death , by surrender , or by any other means accordant with justice and a generous treatment c ,, all clelBSGS ¦ ~ t ¦ ^ ' Mr . DoicAXSo-v said that nothing g *;^ J , j greater pleasure than to hear such a ^ rnplete denial ofthe charges which had been trough * against the Chartist body . It would - give increased strength and power to the movement , and cause it to proceed with greater rapidity . Mr RuPFv was plea ^ d . that by . the Executive bringing forward ttiat motion , the little feeling yesterday was entirely obliterated . He believed , that the cause , would , be greatly accelerated by the method taken . . ;
Mr . Hahhet stated that he did not question the sound policy of the course adopted by the Executive in bringing forward their programme . But , at tbe same time , he must protest against the doctrine laid down by Mr . Reynolds—that a person not willing to purchase back . the land was a spoliator . He would not £ a pariy to binding the future tO th . Z policy now laid down . A democratic government would follow out the dictates of the then improved mind . Mr . Moss expressed the opinions of many honest and enthusiastic men . He also agreed
with many of the views expressed by Mr . Fmlen , but , at the same time , thinking the policy of the Executive to be good , he should act upon it . Mr . T . Hem said the doctrine that there was no private property in land was now being advocated by the most intellectual minds in the kingdom . The contracts by which land was originally held were not now fulfilled , and they were consequently invalid . They had no right to their property , but they had a right to compensation if it was taken from them . The Convention then adjourned .
Afternoon &« tn < jr . Roll called . " The following clause , being next In the programme ; was then brought forward ;—The Church . " Religion should be free ; as spiritual , it ought not to be subject to temporal control . It is a relation between God and man , not between man and magistrate . " Mr . Holyoake moved , and Mr . Wheeler seconded— " That the clause cease at the word « control . '" ¦¦ •¦ " ¦ ¦ ¦' ¦¦ . - . ' ¦ t The original clause was withdrawn in favour of the amendment , ' which was carried with one dissentient . . The following clauses were then unanimously adopted : — .- " - ¦ " . !¦ ¦ ' ' , . ^ " Complete separation between Church and State . "
" All church temporalities to be declared national property for secular purposes , except such individual- endowments aa have been voluntarily and legally made since the Reformation . " . The next clause was the subject of some discussion , and was altered as follows : — " All ecclesiastical buildings of which it can be clearly shown that their cost was defrayed from national funds , to belong to the State . The persuasions now using these edifices to continue in the enjoyment of them on equitable conditions . " The following were also unanimously adopted : — " Tithes and church rates to be abolished . "
" . Tbe State not to interfere with the internal policy of any church . All ecclesiastics to be appointed in any way their respective congregations think fit , and to be paid voluntarily by the congregations who employ their services . ' . ' " Ecclesiastical licenses for the purposes of education to be unnecessary . " Education . " As every man has a right to tbe means of physical life , so he has to the means of mental activity . It is as unjust to withhold aliment from the mind , as it is to deny food to tbe body . Education should , therefore , be national , universal , gratuitous , and to a certain extent , compulsory . " - On this clause being ' proposed a long discussion took place , chiefly on the word " compulsory ;" nearly every delegate took part therein . -
I Mr . Holyoake suggested that the clause should commence at the word " education , " and end with the word " compulsory . " . ¦ Mr . Grat combated the idea conveyed by the word " compulsory . " ' J . Mr . Wheeler at considerable length showed that they had no right to thrust down a state system of compulsory education upon the nation . Make ife a man ' s interest to educate his children , and he would do it . He agreed with Mr . Holyoake ' s suf-eestion except with regard to the word " compulsory . " Mr . Hahsey defended the clause in avery able manner , and showed that the welfare of the state depended upon the proper education and enlightenmentof the people . Children , in sorrie degree were the property ofthe state , and a government of the people would be neglecting its duty if it did not see that every child was educated a democrat and not an aristocrat .
Messrs . Bestow ) and Thompson ably supported the motion . - , Mr . Wheeleb said , they professed to be legislating for the future . Why , then , did they advocate compulsion ? They must leave man to his own judgment in such matters . . Government should guide and direct , not coerce or compel him . Mr . Mastlb said , to legislate for the future without a due regard to the . circumstance which surrounded them at the present time , was futile . The Convention , in its anxiety for fear of not doing enough , was in danger . of attempting to do so much that it would end in not doing anything . efficiently . Mr . Duxcanson show . ed that , in too many instances , parents neglected tbe interests of their children , and they would be acting kindly towards their offspring if they made education compulsory ; it would be a compulsion of kindness as well as of coercion .
Mr . Wheeler moved , and Mr . Masile seconded , the following amendment : — " Education should be national , universal , and gratuitous ; " which received four votes . Mr . GRAT-moved the following amendment : — " As . every man has a right to the means of physical life , so he has to the means of mental activity . It is as unjust to withhold aliment from the mind , as it is to deny food to the body . Education should , therefore , be national , universal , gratuitous , and an imperative duty on the government of the people . " Seconded hy ' SIr . Hunt . This amendment received five votes .
Mr . Duxcanson moved , and Mr . Shell seconded , the following , which received six votes : — "Education should be , national , universal , gratuitous , and that where parents will not ' educate their children , the education , of such children be compulsory . " . The original clause was then carried , it receiving eighteen votes . . Mr . Tuowvsos reported tbe state of Chartism at Dudley and district , as favourable ; great apathy existed , but the principles were spreading , ' Various notices of motions were then given in , and the Convention adjourned . Owing to severe indisposition , Mr . O'Connor was unable to attend this day ' s sitting . During the sitting , Mr . Paul , the delegate for Glasgow , arrived , and took his seat .
FRIDAY . The roll having been called , and the minutes confirmed , tbe discussion on the programme was resumed . On the clause commencing , " That schools , colleges , and universities , " being put from the chair , Messrs . BszEitand Makile moved , that the words , " as taught at Grammar Schools , " be expunged . Tbe committee having consented to withdraw these words , the clause was carried . " 1 st . That schools , colleges , and universities , supported by the state , should be gratuitously open to every citizen ; and that it be compulsory with all parents to have their children educated in the common branches of learning . " , " 2 nd . Education in its higher branches to be equally gratuitous , but optional . " . Clause two was carried unanimously . . On clause 3 being put ,
Mr . Makile observed , that he wae afraid this clause was about to pass without sufficient attention , It was decidedly the most Communistic clause that had yet come before tbe delegates . The movement was assuming , under the legislation of this Convention , a totally new aspect . It was clear , however , that it was in accordance with the will of the majority there represented ; and , considering the antecedents of the Convention—considering taut they had already entered upona course that would render the name of our movement henceforth a misnomer—he felt they were bound , in order to be consistent with themselves , to pass this clause . He should not oppose it . The Convention had now gone too far to pause for the consideration of what vested interests would think of them . The friends of Communism must be gratified by-this clause . National workshops for boys
would lead to national workshops for men ; and , in fact , a Joint Stock Company , consisting of all the people , young and old , in the kingdom . Many other delegates spoke on the question , and the clause—with the words " and professions" insorted after the word "trade "—was adopted as follows : —3 . " Industrial schools to be established , in- which the young may be taught the various trades , thus gradually ' superseding the system ef apprenticeship . " - The following amendment , moved by Mr . Capewell , arid seconded by Mr . What , having received four votes , " That the . individual- or individuals teaching the young the various trades and professions , be required to give satisfactory-evidence to the state of their ability to do so . That the period for accomplishing the same , with- all other necessary arrangements , be left to a-board r of trade appointed b y tbe state . " The next clause being proposed as follows : —
Labour is the creatorof ai nation ' s wealth—as « uch , _ the most important element of its prosperity : Notwithstanding this , the relation of master and man bai en repugnant to the well-being of society ;
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' . he creator has hitherto been the servant of the creature ; labour has been the slave of capital , and groaned under a system of wageaislavery , contrary to every principled freedom . : To elevate labour from its present depressed condition , the following measures are proposed , with a view to the more rapid abrogation of wagesslavery . ! Mr . Wheeler moved the following amendment : — " Labour actirig upon the materials of the earth is the only source of wealth . Its relations to society haVfcWvnWtobeea tepugaarit to justice to remedy this . " ; . : - ¦ - - • ' - " Trie Executive withdrew their proposition in favour of that oHIr . Wheeler . ' ' Mr . Graham again proposed the original clause as printed , which was carried .
"All co-operative associations for i ndustrial purposes , to have a right to registration anfl enrolment without payment of fees , and to have an unrestricted number of affiliated branches . " This ' claHse haying been proposed , Mr , Ruf ** supported it . , Mr . Guaham moved , " That the word 'individuals' be placed before the word' co-operative . " If they did not do this it would appear that they only recognised Communistic principle . The clause was carried as printed . ,
On the motion of Messrs . Watsok and Graham , the clause previously passed was rescinded , and the following adopted : — ' . . . ' ,.,- , " To elevate labour from its preaeifc depressed condition , the following measures are . proposed , with a view to the more rapid abrogation of wagesslavery , and the development of the co-operative principle . " .. . . "The law of partnership to be so altered , as to remove existing difficulties in the way of association . " . , . .. .. The above clauses were then adopted . , Messrs . Graham and Barker , moving the addition ofthe words— " Individual workmen with the same object"to this clause , to follow the words " workingmen . " . ' . " : ¦¦ •'•
. . "That a credit-fund be , opened by the state , for the . purpose of advancing money , on certain conditions , to bodies of working men desirous of associating together for industrial purposes . " . Mr . Mantle said , they bad treated the subjects as national ones , and if they did not continue-to follow , outthat policy , it would exhibit a degree of weakness which he should'deplore .. . ; , Mr . Honk-ball said , they had not yet , nationalised labour , and that ; was the question More them . .. .. - ¦ i -., ¦ , ¦ - •¦ - '
Mr . Jones said , there was a wide difference between state , credit to associations and individuals . The individual system of creating ' wealth was the bane of the present system of society . ; ' ' Mr . Pacl said , that if the funds subscribed were not placed under proper restrictions ,. so that each person should have the advantage of drawing upon the fund to which you compel him to subscribe , you place him in a very wrong position .. , Mr . Ruffy was of opinion , the state had a right to see that the persons applying for credit would be abletoi-epay their loans ; and that the credit so given would not ' be used to any injurious-purpose .. ; . -..-Mr . Retnows said , their , only object , in dealing with the social question was , to regenerate the present individual state , of society . . If they legislated for individuals , they would prolong the system of class legislation . - The Convention adjourned until two o ' clock .
Afternoon Sitting . The Chairman announced , that at the close of the sitting of the Convention a public supper would take place at Highbury Barn . The discussion on the programme was resumed . Mr . Masile said he agreed with Mr . Reynolds , that they could riot-legislate upon individual right ; in fact , ' individuals had no rights distinct from those of society . ' Mr . Finlen wished to know the meaning of the word " condition , " in the clause , Mr . E . Joses explairied . Mr . Finlen then stated his intention of voting for tbe amendment . Mr . Reynolds showed that an individual might have credit fromthe state , and make use of that credit to employ labour in accordance with the present system , thus perpetuating the system of wages slavery .
Messrs . Ruffv , Thompson ; Shaw , and Mantle , supported the original clause . ¦ , [' . ' . . Mr . Wheeler said he should vote for the original clause . Mr . Hunniball said , they weretolegislate for ithe majority ; the majority knew nothing of association , and until they did they must legislate for inviduals . Mr . Paul thought they had no right to speak either of tho present or the future , but to lay down the principles of justice , which were eternal . Mr . Yates supported the ori g inal clause . " Mr . Gbat said they had no right to legislate for individuals—they had a right to do so for their brothers .
Mr . Mantle thought it was dangerous to the majority if they legislated for the minority . Mr . O'Connor said , if the government was expected to grant these loans , he could only laugh at their ideas if they hoped to obtain them . ! The amendment received thirteen votes , : and the original motion fifteen . A clause regarding Co-operation was proposed by Mr . E . Jones ; : Mr . Paul proposed that they should adjourn the consideration of that question until the- following morning . —Agreed to . , ;
Mr . O'Connor wished the advice of the Convention upon a communication which he had received requesting him to propose the People's . Charter" as an amendment to Mr . Hume ' s motion , He ' had consulted with Mr . Bharman Crawford , who always seconded his motion for the Charter , whose opinion was , that he should not doiso—which was also the opinion of several other liberalmembers whom ? he had consulted . He was , however , in the hands of the Convention ; and by their decision he should be guided . . - .-.- _ ' Mr . Wheeleb gave , notice of a : motion in reference to that subject . ¦ -. ' .-. - ' Poor Law . "Everyman has a right to work—and therefore to the means of work ; and those unable to work , through infirmity or age , have a right to support at the hands of the state . " On these clauses being proposed .
Mr . Hunn ' ihali , suggested that it should be passed over ; under a good / system , a Poor Law would be unnecessary . Mr . Wheeleb was obliged to be constantly combating - this legislation for the future . They should deal with tbe materials by which they were surrounded . He should oppose the suggestion . After some discussion , ; . '"'" Mr . T . Hunt proposed an amendment , which was seconded by Mr . Fklkin . Mr . T . Hunt said , as long as the land was locked up from the poor they were entitled to tha means of subsistence , if employment failed . He then went into a lengthened detailed statement of the results of the present system and the advantage of an agitation in the agricultural districts . ' Mr . Mantle supported the amendment .
Mr . Harnett moved , and , Mr . Yates seconded , that Mr . Hunt ' s proposition be printed for the use ofthe delegates , also Mr . Jones ' s proposition on ( h > operation , carried . ' . Correspondence of a gratifying nature was then read from Pudsey , Kilmarnock , Cumnock , and Hull . . Mr . Wheeler brought forward the subject relative to Mr . O ' Connor s motion in the house lor the Charter . . - / Messrs . Mantle and Shell moved and seconded the following resolution : — f * That Mr . O'Connor be instructed to move the Charter as a substantive motion . He thought it bad policy t o give those who professed to be reformers in the house an opportunity to call them obstructives .
Mr . Shaw opposed the motion . It would test those members who professed to advocate Chartistt principles . Mr . Wheeler supported Mr . Mantle ' s motion . ' Mr . Finlen was opposed to it . Mr . Paul supported , its being proposed as an amendment to Mr . Hume ' s motion . Mr . " Hurst expressed a similar opinion , Messrs . Thompson and Savage were iri favour of its being moved as an amendment . Mr . Yatbs moved , ' . arid Mr . Hurst seconded :-" That Mr . O'Connor should be advised to bring it forward as an amendment to Mr . Hume ' s motion . " Mr . Mantle wished to amend his motion . This being against the rule , he was allowed to withdraw it . Messrs . Wheeleb and Hunnibals proposed the withdrawn motion . r ¦; . ¦¦ ¦
Mr . Mantle moved tho following amendment ; which was seconded by Mr ; Shell : — . " That the delegates coincide with Mr . O'Corinori that it will most conduce to the dignity and mission of the Chartist movement , that the motion for the Charter should be brought before the Honse of Commons as a substantial . one , and that Mr . O'Connor be requested to move , as an amendment on the motion for going into committee of supply , that no supplies he granted until the question qf the franchise be taken Into the consideration of the house . " The amendments arid resolution were ' then put , and Mr . Mantle ' s mbtionfor its being an-amendment bri the question of a Committee of Supply , was carried by a large majority . The Committee then adjourned . ' '• ' '
SATURDAY . Roll called , minutes read and confirmed . Leave of absence was given to Mr . Thompson . Several sums . were paid in to the Convention FUCd . . ; ,- ; .. ; .. = . .- .,-j ... . ¦ , ' ,., " . .. , - :. . , , The following clause , ' which had been withdrawn in order to its being printed , was moved by Mr . E .
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Jonbs , andseconded'by Mr . Ghat , as an addenda » 0 the section headed Labour Law : — ' : ' ' - ; r- ^ - " That tbe Co-operative principle is essential for the well-being of the people j'that the centralisation of wealth ought to be counteracted by a distributive tendency ; that its accumulation in the hands of isolated dubs is an evil second only to that of it ' s monopoly by individuals ; that , thereiore , all future co-operative attempts should , until the complete re-adjustment of the labour question , be modelled on a national basis ,, and connected in a national union , of which the different trades- and societies should be localities or branches ; and that the profits beyond a certain amount of each local society , should be paid into a general fund , for the purpose of forming additional associations of working men , and thus accelerating the development of associated and independent labour . " •' . ' ¦ '
Mr . Graham wished to know whether it was to be taken as a recommendation , or an instruction to the Ohai'tistbody ? . ; ¦¦¦ ' ' . ' ' ¦ . ¦ . ' Mr Jonbs explained , ' that like other measures tbev had passed , it was recommendatory as well as BuVe estivc of future legislation ; the method of cooperation now carried out , was but another phase of the system of competition , and calculated to airerandize a few at the expense of the many . Mr . Mantle said , if they legislated upon these ouestions they must go far enough , or they would nerpetuatea system of ! Joint Stock Companies , equally , injurious with those whose existence they wished to destroy . . „ . „ . — < :. Mr . Grat expressed similar opinions . Mr , Bezer agreed with the motion . ¦;
Mr . Watson said the present plan . was s > , ri improvement , and should receive his support . ' " , Mr . Benjold and Mr . Robinson were opposed to co-operative stores , as now carried out ... . Mr . Rum showed the benefit of the principle . Messrs . Hunniball , Wheeleb , and Paul supportedit . , Carried unanimously . , The consideration of the clause , proposed , by Mr . Hunt , . waspostponed , owing to the absence of that gentleman . ¦ • , A letter from Msssrs . . M'Gowan is Co . to the Convention , on the subject of the debt due . to him for printing was read , aud referred to a committee . The clause , No . 6 , in the Executive programme , ' on taxation , was unanimously adopted ^ ( Left sitting ) ' -
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Robert Oweis And The Exhibition • •"'•; ...
ROBERT OWEiS AND THE EXHIBITION • "' •; ' of . 1851 . ; V ' The Central Committee held their usual weekly meeting on' Wednesday evening , at 52 , Collegestreet , Camden Town , when communications , ac ? companied by subscriptions , were received from Ashton , Bristol , Derby , Paisley , & e . The Committee are preparing a series of tracts , written by Mr . Owen , of which they intend to circulate 60 , 000 copies in the English language , to be followed by translations inthe French and German , for distribution among our Continental brethren . The Committee are also desirous of establishing a series of lectures by Mr . Owen and other gentlemen , competent to develops the great principles of English Socialism . They trust , therefore , that their friends throughout the country will lose no time iu sending in their contributions in aid of this important work . A list of subscriptions received will shortly appear . Henbt A . Ivort , Hon . See ..
Robert Owen And The Exhibition Of 1851. ...
ROBERT OWEN AND THE EXHIBITION OF 1851 . TO THE SOCIAL REFORMERS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Frienus and Brethren . — -The prompt and cordial response to our former address demonstrates that the friends of the great Social Reformer of the age are fully alive to the magnificent opportunity of disseminating their sentiments amongst the foreigners who may be brought together during the Exhibition ' of May next .
Impressed all parties seem to be " with the profound conviction that seed would be sown that might bring forth fruit through all succeeding generations , in every nation and every clime . Witli such glorious results in prospect , how loudly and emphatically are we called upon to arouse to the grave duties ; which devolve upon us ! Nations are coming to speak to us . We must answer them with a nation ' s voice . At no period in the history of mankind was it be
more imperative th ^ t truth alone should spoken . The whispers of compromise or the blandishments of policy are unworthy of the memorable occasion . When the destinies of empires may be affected , and tbe freedom and happiness of the whole world , perhaps , advanced , it is a crime for those who think they have tbe truth to withhold it , or to trim it to suit party interests or party prejudices . : We must not make ourselves the laughing-stock of an enlightened posterity by presenting the truth , at such ah epoch , in any other garb but her native one .
The Central Committee , of Social propaganda , therefore , wish it to be understood , that , in the various tracts and publications they contemplate issuing during the Exhibition , rearSociaiiam will be developed in a sincere and charitable spirit . It will be-their object to show to the world that Socialism is ' a science rather than a creed , arid there fore to attach to it any sectarian appellation ; is as absurd and ill-advised as to speak of Christian Mathematics ,. Mahometan Chemistry , or Infidel Anatomy . -
We must endeavour to convince -our intelligent visitors , and thiough them the rest of their countrymen , ' that however deeply versed mankind may be in all ether sciences ^ if they remain ignorant of the grand and primary sciences of Social Philosophy —the science of Human Nature arid the science of Society—their knowledge can only lead to limited good , comparative inutility , or positive evil . In confirmation of this position , we must refer them to the science the Exhibition is calculated most to promote , and in which Europe is at present most advanced—the science of Mechanism . Through our ignorance'of the true principles of society , every invention and improvement -in this department of progress leads at present to only partial benefit or
actual injury . It tends to enrich the few at the expense of . the many—to enhance the aggregate profits-of the capitalist , while it diminishes ; the true value of the labour of the artisan , until ultimately i crisis must arrive when the rich will become so rich , and the poor so poor , that nothing but palaces and poor-houses will be found in . Europe . We must not hesitate , to declare that this very Exhibition , if more enlightened and equitable views are not adopted , will conduce very materially to this dismal result , by facilitating the extension of s system which centralises wealth in the hands of the useless classes , leaving the industrious pro * ducera exposed to a daily-increasing poverty , and suffering . ' - ,- ¦
The pregnant fact must be broadly announced , that if the Exhibition of all Nations is to serve as a true and permanent blessing to all nations , it can only be by its becoming an instrument , direct or indirect , of extending a knowledge of those principles which would unite all nations in one common bond of brotherhood , each contributing to « ie welfare of all , and all to the welfare of each . It ' s originators and patrons , with few exceptions ,, look . not beyond' the encouragement of
there physical science ; but tbeyi and the world , must be reminded that hitherto , a : we have progressed in scientific acquirement , we have increased in moral and social declension , and the question must be put—fearlessly and honestly put—is the Crystal Palace to be merely a brilliant illustration of thisanamoly in our civilisation ? Are we still to nee crime and poverty the necessary concomitants of science ? Is man , as tie becomes a more enlightened , to feel a more dependent being ? If r > 0 i then ignorance , is bliss , and barbarism a boon .
The problem of the world ought to be discussed when the intelligence of the world is congregated ; It is notoriously this—How to arrange society so as to admit of the moral elevation and physical comfort of all classes accompanying their intellectual development . The legislators of Europe , hithert o * either eanno * or dare not solve the problem . The secret is , however , and they know it , Socialism alone can unravel the mystery . ' Socialism alone can save tociety . -, ,,. , ' , . ; ...... ' , Friends and countrymen , let us only bestir ourselves at tbis critical hour , and the glorious truth
will waft its voice to the uttermost ends ofthe earth , despite of armies , dungeons , thrones , or sanctuaries . Each of pur foreign brethren coming amongst us may act , at some subsequent period , as an instrument or a missionary of the cause of Social emancipation . " By . distributing „ tracts in various languages , . delivering lectures , holding meetings , and cultivating a friendly and personal intercourse with all climes , an-impetus may be given to the rising spirit of progress that will silence for ever the pretensions of despotism , and render the present year the most distinguished in the annals of nations ! ' "• • .
. We urge you to form your committees m every town and village in the kingdom , to raise subscr ipt . iensin support of this noble movement . Do notsleep while the world is awake and at your ' doors . Remember every pound subscriber may contribute
Robert Owen And The Exhibition Of 1851. ...
to the salvation of a people . With such large aims and eternal results before us , let not , any paltry , selfish motive , deter its . from assisting ! generously and . promptlyf'intHis'bloodlessi' crusade againsJ poverty , crime , slavery , and oppression ; Let every man be able ib say—Thetriurnphs of ' 51 were part of my work ! Robert Cooper , Chairman , ' ¦ '•' ' ¦ John Kenn ? , Treasurer , Henr y Ausop Ivor ? ,. Secretary .
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Guildhall.—Assault.—Sir William White, K...
GUILDHALL . —Assault . —Sir William White , Krit ., of 5 , Lothbury , ' was charged with an assault , upon Mr . Edward Frederick Watson , a clerk in ^ London arid County Bank ,. —Complainant ^ aft . 1 am-a clerk' arid collector in the London aiid County Bank . On Saturday last I had occasion to present a bill for payment at No . 5 , Lothbuiy , ' I presented it at the office oh the ground Sobr . , and was referred to the upper part of the honse to Sir Wm . White ' s offices . I knocked at the door , and , when adrnitted , I fold defendant I had a > jiil that was made payable in his name and at b ' . s offices . I showed- him the bill , and , after lo / uking at it , he threw it down , and "' b '
said he'kriew tothing about it . O'scrvingthiit Sir William was rather ruffled in his teriiper , I'went ou . t , ' aud , having procured the usual formal notice , \ returned j and , not wishing to disturb . Sir William again , I slipped it into the letter-box , arid was hastening down stairs , when defendant came out of bis room , and asked me , in a very uhgentlemanly manner , what I wanted in coming to his office again ? I told him I was only performing my duty , and he replied by threatening to kick me out of the place . When I reached the bottom of the stairs Ifoundhe had followed me down . As soon as he overtook rne he thrust me violently : against the wall . He then p laced both his hands against my back , " pd pushed me against the door that leads into the street . —
Cross-examined by Mr . Hobler : The . ' bill was drawn in the name of "J . P . White . " I was not aware that that was not Sir William White ' s name until after the assault took place . This was the first time I ever had occasion to present a bill at Sir William ' s offices , j Sir William did not say he was hot'the party the" hjll referred to . Defendant did not say he had beeri ' frequently annoyed by persons presenting bills for payment , ' and of which lie had no knowledge whatever . —Mr . Hobler Baid : lam instructed that Sir William experiences very considerable annoyance from parties unwarrantably making use of his nanie , and , making bills payable athis ' offices . —Sir Wm ; White said : I think it is verv hard aaainat ine that , after telling
complainant that 1 knew nothing of the . bill , he should return and pester me with his notice .. It is very annoying that my offices should be made areceptacle for dishonoured bills , issued by parties who make use of my name to give a value to ' what would otherwise prove worthless .. I , t is very clear that complairiant must have known that I was not the party named in the bill , as my name 18 on my door . —Alderman Salomons : It is my opinion that the fact of the annoyance you undergo , in consequence of parties making an unfair use of your name , is ho pisttacation of this assault . "You had no right to take' tho law into your own hands ;• and . I shall therefore convict you in the mitigated penalty of 10 s ., and order you to pay the costs . " This , I think ,
will be sufficient to show you that you have acted wrong , andwill ; , I am certain , satisfy the ends of justice . ' MANSION HOUSE . — Attempted Suicide . — William Shepherd , who had the appearance of a broken down tradesman , and the manners of a person who had been in very good circumstances , was brought up on a charge of having attempted to destroy himself by throwing himself fromthe top ofthe monument , down the well staircase . . The wretched man had miraculously escaped without sustaining bodily injury , although he had fallen a height of about ixty feet . His fall had been broken by the rails of thestaircase , arid his clothes were in a tattered condition iri consequence of the jutting impediments on the sides of the staircase . —The under-keeper of
the Monument said the defendant entered the building at about eleven o clock , and ascended to the top . There was at the time , a thick mist , so that the view . was very limited , and the defendant observed that the fog was dense and interfered with the prospect . Soon afterwards he began to descend , and witness , who was in the gallery , looked down the staircase , and observed him apparently with deli eraiion , turn " his body over the railing , and fall down the well . Witness immediately ran ddwri to the spot ; on which the fall of the man was impeded , and took him up . The defendant said the fall was accidental ; but the
whole of the circumstances were calculated to confirm the suspicion that the intention Of the unfortunate man had been suicidal . In the pocket of the defendant was found a paper , of which the following is a copy : — " Oh , God omnipotent , accept , I beseech thee , the breathing of a contrite heart , and mercifully bestow upon me , out of thy ' superabundance , that bliss which earth denies me . Regard , I supplicate thee , me , mine , and all that's near and dear to me , and mankind iu geneval « i earth , whilst I await thy righteous judgment . March 31 , 1851 . " W . Shepherd . " Tho defendant was then remanded .
MARLBOROUGH-STREET . — Assaulting the Pouce . —Sir Jarries Sutherland Mackenzie was brought before Mr . Bingham , on Tuesday , charged with assaulting the police . —The police stated that the defendant was in a gig in Hanover-street , and while about to turn into Regent-street , he snatched the reins from a friend who . was driving , and being tipsy , drove the gig into a hackney cab . The defendant struck one of the constables , who attempted to take the whip from him , and on the way to the
station house he struck another constable a violeat blow beneath his ear . The defendant was otherwise very violent . —The defendant ( who was at this Court , on Saturday , fined twenty shillings for a similar offence ) , interrupted the evidence in a very incoherent way , denying the charge , and asserting that the police were not stating facts . —Mr . Bingham being of Opinion that the defendant ' s eccentricity rendered it unsafe for him to be at large , directed that he should be detained , in order that communication mieht be had with bis friends .
As Impostor . —Elizabeth Kite was charged with endeavouring , to obtain , charitable contributions from the Bishop of London , by false and fraudulent pretences . ' ¦ George Robinson , hall porter in , the service ofthe Bishop , said that on Friday , the 14 th of March last , the prisoner came to the . Bishop ' s residence in St . James ' s-square , and presented a letter addressed to the Bishop , who , being much engaged at the time , desired that tbe prisoner should call the next day . On that day she came again , when the Bishop saw her , and told her that the letter which she bad brought , purporting to have been written by the Rev . Mr . Glennie , of St . Margaret ' s Chapel , Park-lane , was a forgery . The prisoner admitted
it was so , and while the servant was gone for a policeman she made her escape . Subsequently the Rev . Mr . Glennie was communicated with , who placed the matter in the « hands of Horsford , the chief officer of the Mendicity Society , who succeeded in apprehending the prisoner on Tuesday ni g ht . ~ Tho Bishop of London confirmed the above evidence— The Iiev . Mr . Glennie said the letter produced , recommending the prisoner to the Bishop ' s bounty , was not in his handwriting , and that to the best of his knowledge he never saw the prisoner before . —The prisoner , who is an old offender , was committed to the House of Correction for three months .
BOW STREET . —Stealing Lbtters . —James Smith , letter-carrier , was charged with purloining letters ,- containing money , the property , of the Postmaster-general . The prisoner , a most respectable looking , " manias been in the employ of the Post-office for nine years , and has hitherto borne an excellent character . . He appeared to suffer under great mental distress , and was accommodated with a seat . —The prisoner , who ia entrusted with a midday delivery , was , on Tuesday afternoon , seen by a police-officer attached to ihe Post-office to secrete several , letters about his person . He was taken before the president of the Post-office and searched , when two letters were , found on him . He then produced one from the breast pocket of his coat ,
and said ' That is all . ' He then appeared quite overcome , and ejaculated " It's all over , "Mrs . Hoare , 14 , Regent-street , Hunter-street , Old Kent-road , now deposed that one of the letters produced was posted . by her sister aj « jpreydon , arid contained money ; and Mr . HuglwKipm , a gentleman cadet of the Military (^ P ^ , Addiscombe said that one of the letters fo « Hytok the prisoner was directed to him from ScotlafpW contained £ 1 . —Mr . John Hoare , 29 , New ( Jranbourne-street , Leicester-square , also said-that a letter which was found on the prisoner , was directed to him from Newcastle-upon-Tyne , and contained £ 2 . —When asked what he had to say to the charge , the prisoner said he . had no desire to defeat the ends of justice , and merely wished to correctastatement made by the police officer as to the time of starting for J "i ««» i r J ~ He was then committed for trial .
SOUTHWARK . -Fraud .-T . Mills was . charged with embezzling various suras of money , the property of his employers , Messrs . Rideal , wine and spirit merchants , Union-street , Southward Mr . Harm , the prosecutors' solic . itor , informed-the magistrate that the prisoner had been in their employ as collector and traveller . It was his duty : to receive money on their account from the customers , and place the sums down in a book and pay them over at stated times . Latterly some of the accounts had been only partially paid , which induced the prosecutors to make inquiry , when ihey ascertained that tbe ; wliole accounts had been paid , but the prisoner had not paid them over as was customary . Consequently , further inquiries , were made , which induced the jprosecutors to give him into custody . He called Rebecca-Bird ,-a victualler , at Cbeshaiu , Surrey , . who said she paid the prisoner £ 015 s . on the 30 th of March , 1 S 50 , on behalf of the prosecutors .
Guildhall.—Assault.—Sir William White, K...
On-the 27 th of July , in the same year » 77 r ^ 7 ^ £ 10 6 s . 6 d . „ being all she owed at the fL Paid S J . Rideal , one of the partners , staLd tt ^ . first account the prisoner had paid £ 1 oW ° tf i 9 on . the second £ 315 s 6 d . The prison *? m > * W £ 120 a year , and a guinea a day for traveS > i < I peases . He had been nearly fifteen ve ™ , ; 5 . * employ . They : had rea 8 on to beliere ¦ that H ^ plundered them of a ' . large sum , but twi ,,, ^ been able tq get the witnesses from tho I , " n < The prisoner , who at this time fell , WrT .- _ ? ylu
remanded for a week , , "s » t wag ATTEMmn Sui . ctDB . -An elderly ma „ „ , Charles Cooper , carrying on business as \ !" t maker , in Mary go / d-street , B rmond ev a ^' inarged with attempting to commit wK ? most determined nanner By hanging h rnself v- * Calpin , a cowkeeper , residing ? n iw !» ** . ' stated that a little after All J " 1 ^ % afternoon , he was passing the prisow S , % UUUw «»« m uiiiisej M
. , „ r and wan / in » j , s ness : instantly entered , the " hon anJ d " % down , when he found that he was cormL , ut , hi «» in the face , and insensible . A dSKft ^ by the police , and , after consider able £$ ki mation was restored . —Inspector Mona » , n a , li - the prisoner . was just upon dea < l » v n Sa , d t hat andVtook the doctor more thLtS » ' >? resuscitate him . Neither his M „ ! " an hour to wife would attend upon him t LT- pHson < : r ' s when he recovered that as soon a « hS Wner sai < i liberty he would make a hole £ ? £ ? ,. *? set «* A'Beckett ordered him to te detl ! 2 -J , r ' found two- secureties of £ 2 o eachrE V mW h * good conduct . - . ach ' fas future
• Amputation Again Mevected Bt Hoiiotv-....
• Amputation again mevected bt Hoiiotv-.. v > , « and Poxa—Extract of a letter from \ u \ ' 0 l 5 iWW » Capel-street , Bublini dated Jarch 13 th i « o , 1 ! l > «• , fessor Holloway .-Dear Sir ,-I think : it : nil * To ^ inform you and the public of the wonS ?! imX h Ointment and Pills have effected on mTl , . cure Kwc I bad a dreadful wound in my leg j . L . J " ., lree year s eminent of the faculty in this city , hut tn „„ " 10 most informed me that nothing could save mvi ! f Plirpose ; , heJ tion . I was then advised by a celebrated i am Putayour remedies , which , in a brief neriod \„ ? > t 0 « se leg , and made it as stroue as it formerly was * mj
Fifatiuwj &C,
fifatiuwj & c ,
Corn. Mask Lane, Wednesday, April 2.-Th<...
CORN . Mask Lane , Wednesday , April 2 .-Th <» t „„„ i Wheat from Essex was short thisWng , butKihl ral from Kent : the finest dry samples wXfflfti early , at an advance ot Is . a quarter on hut S difficulty . We had a large arriv « l ofTrench pSSr i * » the be . i descriptions were not cheaper . ForeignS met with buye « m retail at fully previous rate " X Haltingparley scarce , and both English and ForciJ i ? perqr . dearer , distihng and grinding also held atK rates . Beans and 1 > C ? 6 without alteration . TheamV , of Oats being unusually light , we had more doirJTd * at PIUW fully Gd per qr higher than on Monday laft ? Richmond ( Yobkbiure ) , Saturday . March 21 wt ,. ¦ 5 s 3 d to . fit Sri ; oats . 2 s U to 3 s ; barley * 3 s ii ^ if ' beans . 3 b 9 d to 4 s 3 d per bushel . * ' ° * : . Leeds , April l .-We have only moderate supplies of gram there is still a want of activity in the wheat trri ? but aJV fresh qualities rule in trice much as on Fridar Fine barley is fully a « dear . New beans are inquired for * £ rit £ * ° tker articles i ™
CATTLE Smithfusld , Monday , Marcti 31 .-The numbers of home , fed beasts on offer were seasonably extensive , and of " «» average quality . Notwithstanding that the dead markets were rather scantily supplied , aud that the weather had become more favourable for . slaughtering , ¦ the beef trade was in a very sluggish state , and last week ' s prices were with difficulty supported . The-. top figure for beef was 3 s 8 d per 8 lbs . There was a decided increase in the <\ m ply of sheep , compared with that exhibited on this ' dly week j hence the demand for that description of stock was in a sluggish state , at barely previous currencies . The primeat old Downs in tlie wool sold at 4 s 8 d per S lbs '
In Iambs only a limited business was doing , at about sta . tionary prices . The sale for calves and pigs was verx k . active , but we have no change to notice in their value . Beef , 2 s 6 d to 3 s 8 d ; mutton , as ( id to 4 s 6 * d ; veal , 8 s 4 J to 4 s Od ; pork , 3 s Od to 4 s Od . —Price per stone of 8 lfe sinking the offal . Newgate asto Leadenhall , Menday , March 31 . —Meiki beef , 2 s 2 d to 2 s 4 d ; middling , ditto , 2 s Cd " to 2 s SIprime large , 2 s lOd to 3 s 0 d ; prime small , 3 s 2 d to 3 s id ; large pork , 2 s Gd to 3 s 6 d ; inferior mutton , 2 s 4 d to is wd ; middling ditto 3 s 2 d to 3 s Gd ; prime ditto 38 8 d to 3 s 10 ( 1 veal , 3 a Od to -Is 0 d-, smaU pork , 3 s 8 d to 3 s JOd per 81 bs . by the carcase .
PROVISIONS . . Lokdoh , Monday . —Since our last the demand for Irish butter has been very limited , and prices irregular . Tha arrival of supplies from America has had a disturbing effect on the position of the market . The best Dutch was dull , and slightly cheaper ; the lower descriptions were most saleable . Bacon : Irish and llambro' singed sides were sold tea moderate extent'landed , and towards the close ofthe week prices were rather stiffen Buyers were most inclined to take for forward shipment , and some sales were made nt an advance on previous rates of Is to 2 s per cwt . Middles steady . Hams moved slowly . Lard dull . J English Botteh Mabket , March 31 ;—We note a very dull trade at declining prices , both for Dorset and fmh butters , middling and inferior qualities being almost neglected . Dorset fine weekly 96 s to 98 s per cwt .,: do . middling and stale 70 s to Bis j Fresh 9 s to 12 s psr dozen lbs . '
HIDES . Leamnhah . —Market hides , 561 b . to 641 b ., 3 Jd . to M , per lb . ; ditto , 64 lb . to 72 lb ., 2 d . to 2 Jd ; ditto , 72 n > .-to 801 b ., 2 jd . to 3 d . ; ditto , 801 b . to 881 b ., 8 dto 2 W . ; ditto , B 81 b . to 3 Glb „ 3 ia . to 4 d . ; ditto 9 Glb . to 10 ilb ., 3 id . to 4 d . ditto , 1041 b . to 1121 b ..., 4 id to 41 d .:. Caif-skins , caca , 3 s . 6 d . to Gs . Gd . ; Horse-hides 6 s . to " 7 « .
WOOL . Cot , March 31 . —The imports of Wool into London last week include 131 . bales from Swan Biver , 1 , 110 from the Cape , 50 from Bombay , 14 from Italy , 8 from Belgium , and 1 , 150 from Van Diemen's Land . The wool market has been rather heavy . LlYEurooh , March 31 . —Scotch . —There is no improttment to notice in the demand for Laid H ghland Wool , and the quotations are barely supported . White Highland is more inquired for , but scarce . Crossed Cheviot Laid oi all kinds are still neglected . Foreign . —AlthoHgh the reports from the manufacturing districts are not very satisfactory , still any new imparts of good useful wool meet a rea ^ y sate from the quay at full prices .
COTTON . IrvEBrooL , April l . —There has been little doing in the market to . day , the sales not exceeding 2 , OOOor 3 , «« u bales , 500 of which were Uken for export—the market hat been well supplied , and prices are the same as on Tuesdaythe sales include 1 . 500 American , 1 , 000 Surats , 4 d to Sjd . Manchester , April 1 . —The market has scarcely been so active ts was expected , and towards the close a feeline sf discouragement appeared pretty generally to pervade the manufacturers assembled on Exchange . The India advice . ' , in anticipation of the overland mail , though apparcuilr favourable , so far as the Calcutta market is concerned ,
were bardij in time to effect business to-day , if , indeed : the heavy purchases of last week for that quartw will net a good deal have forstalled the demand . The advices from America , by the Pacific steamer , we ' re of a character which have not inspired much confidence in the cotton market . and ihe result is that prices are barely sustained . Yarn * which realized the most extreme prices of last week , have been purchasable this rhorniHg at Jd . per lb . lower . April 2 . —We' have had a quiet steady market to day , and pr ices remain about the same as on Friday last . The sales amount to about 6 , 000 bales , aud include 4 , 300 American ; 200 Pernam and Maranham , 7 $ to 8 f ; 100 Bahia , 1 } to 8 J ; 400 Egypthn , 7 $ to 8 £ : 1000 Surats , 4 £ to 5 i ; 20 & i Island , 15 to 21 i .
WOOLLEN CLOTH . Leeds , April 1—Tha market has been , much brisker and livelier to-day : a b tter business has been done in both ctifi cloth halls .
STATE OF TRADE . Manchesteb , April 1—Neither the advices of the Pacific steamer bringing the fastest quotations of the transatlantic cotton market , nor the telegraphed summary of commercial news by the overland mail , have given any new impulse to the yarn or cloth markets here , and we feave had but a moderate extent of business . The Indian advices scarcely arrived in time materially to affect busincssperhaps this morning , . unless they had beenofamore decidedly encouraging character , and we shall probably to ' to wait the arrival of private fetters before the result /« fully perceived . So far as the news from Calcutta is concerned it was tathw tootb encouraging , out the puretases inthe early part of last week were heavy , and hare probaWj to extent antici
some pated » ny new orders that I 11 BV COB " to hand . The Pacific ' s advices are looked upon as rathe * discouraging , whether the quotations or extent of bunine * done in tha American ports is regarded , and though prices both for cloth and yarn this morning are nominally unchanged in a general way , most goods have besn rather easier to buy , and in some kinds of yarn offers have been accepted at id . under last week ' s rates . Buyers for the East and for Germany were undoubtedly the most actft " we have had in the foreign trade , aud the country bouses have been doiug quite as much for home consumption a « of late . On the whole , however , the tone of the market was hot equal to expectation , and the want of conndeW * in' the stability , of the cotton rnarkot is again inducing producers rather to contract than to extend their ops * rations .
Ei)T ©A^M«
Ei ) t © a ^ m «
' From The Gazette Of Tuesday, April 1st...
' From the Gazette of Tuesday , April 1 st . BANKRUPTS . James Bury , jun ., Sneinton , Nottinghamshire , cotton waste dealer-Thomas-Lucas Clayton , Potte-grore , n ™' fordshire , milkman-John Frederick Cole , HarnPwu Court , victualler—llees"Davis , Tredegar , Mon mouth'lu'c . draper-Isaac Dcwhuist and John Sawley Deff » B "« ( Embsay , Yorkshire , cotton spinners-Edward Harra" ? n » John Bland , Huntington , buildevs-Charles May , ttu 1 Leopold Metcalfe , Charles James Metcalfe , Boxton , Wfordshire , carpenters—George Thomas Minor , Horn" ' street , tt ' eetminster ^ oad , tomcw—Ebwswwsv Ttomwlluddersfield , ironmonger , BANKRUPTCYANNULLED . March 22 , Bernard Angle , Moorfieltfs , City , licensed tk ' - tualler . , SCOTHI-SEiiUESTllATIOXS . John Dixon , Paisley , ironfoimder-Alfved Hacrorf . Glusg-w . music seller—Keil ' -Stewart and John » Mitchell , Perth , wine and spirit merchants .
In Printed By "William Kideit, Ojno. 5. Maeclcstiold-Stiw In The" Parish Of St. Armc, \Yestniinster, At Trie Rnm^
in Printed by "WILLIAM KIDEIt , oJNo . 5 . Maeclcstiold-stiw in the" parish of St . Armc , \ Yestniinster , at trie rnm ^
Office, 16, Great Windnuli-Street, Jlaym...
office , 16 , Great Windnuli-street , JlaymaMcet . »^ , , v : of Westminister , far tl e Proprietor , I ' EAKGb'S O t" - ' K ' R . Esq ., JUVand published by this jnid \ t «•«* ; . Riobii at the otf ' ce in the "nine street ~ ud I'lru" , Saturday April & th . jSJl . * >¦ - - *'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 5, 1851, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05041851/page/8/
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