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tcomexRr edwion.j jr/siicE—nanriABLB , uhwebsai, eiernai POSITION ANDBVIY OF THE DEMOCRACY.
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«»tht Uberts to know, to utter, and to a...
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BU.Ho.j> , L0HDOH, SATURDAY, JOKE o, 185...
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ifareifjtt Htiit Colonial &it«itfg*tra
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FRANCE. Victor Hugo—Cassagnae and tU Bel...
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rURIHBK PAMICULAKS OP THE TSklt OF MARTl...
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dfromregbaentsfi,, ^ wters about 'the Gr...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tcomexrr Edwion.J Jr/Siice—Nanriablb , Uhwebsai, Eiernai Position Andbviy Of The Democracy.
tcomexRr edwion . j jr / siicE—nanriABLB , uhwebsai , eiernai POSITION ANDBVIY OF THE DEMOCRACY .
«»Tht Uberts To Know, To Utter, And To A...
«» tht Uberts to know , to utter , and to argae fttely accord-}* .. / wcSe nce , . foreaU ifflerfta-JBHW Tit the most onerous and disagreeable , fort , inuispeni » ilof dnties that can fall to the lot of a public sable , gw , ^ ^ - 3 1 hafc of defendiDg the cause of SSS & ag ** * * f m ^ ess of popular facHons , and khe i the chicanery of popular idols . To stand in the Lai Uu * a " 1 def y > e a 3 aaaI ? of Tyranny ' s mynni-Mons Sons—t ° toTO the power of despotism—the might f tl f the privileged , and the hatred of the rich , mayaid Ld most probably will , entail persecution , suffering , fldeat death and even what the masters of the world denomin minate 'infamy . ' Still the . worter , the martyr , so rims Snff as he las merelyto contend against the
oppres-« cnrs core of the people may console Jumself witn tHe re'fled aectioni that the oppressed and the unhappy , for ' trh ( trhomhe straggles , bestow their benediction upon his Ilabt labours , and repay with their heart-homage hissacrijfice fices and sufferings . Very different is the position of 1 of the man commanded by the Toice of Duty , to Bta stem the tide of popular folly , confront the rage of < fac faction , and to tear the mask from those cheats and ! chi charlatans who , by mountebank arts and devices , too i oft often succeed in seducing the multitude from the path 0 f 0 f Good Sense to follow in the track of some sd selfish and unscrupulous ambition . In this world ,
ct eTery good has its attendant evil , and Democracy is no no exception to the general rule . The principles of jft democracy afford free scope and license d ) the able ar and energetic , however designing and unprincipled , to ac acquire the leadership of the masses . Hence it is to too often seen that Democracy ' s worst eneny . es are at fb the head of the Democratic Councils—men who owe tl their influence to craft , audacity , and a reckless
dis-« regard of the requirements of truth and justice , under ai such circumstances it "becomes the necessary , however j painful , duty of every man who really has the h welfare of the people at heart ^ to unveil and protest a against the designs of the knavish speculators in p popular credulity . Bat woe to him who performs t that duty 2 The very people whom he would save i mistrust his warnings and reward his fidelity with 1 hatred and insult . Having dared to raise his voice
j against ; adventurers absolutely devoid of conscience j and honour , he finds himself assailed by the vilest weapons of warfare , and means which he would disdain to employ , even in self-defence , he sees used to cause his destruction . The corrupt will charge him with corruption , the liar with falsehood , the traitor with perfidy , and the misled among the peop le will echo the voice of slander , and join to hunt down the defender of their own interests , the
true friend of their own cause . Thus it has been fromthe be ^ inningof society , and is even so at this day . Nevertheless the true friends of the people may not , nor must not , hesitate to stand boldly forth and unmask the insidious in * irigues of political traffickers , and confront even the rage of their misled partizans , even though their characters be blackened , and their lives martyrised . "R ieszi perished under the blows of tha multitude , to whom he had devoted his existence ; and wretches of the same class , prejudiced or paid , insulted the last momentsof Robespjebbe with corses and execrations .
May all true men have the strength of mind to follow , at however humble a distance , in the footsteps of those illustrious martyrs , even though , like onto them , they should be sacrificed by infatuated ignorance for their unfaltering adherence to immortal Smth . In my last letter I exposed the efirontery of the very small , though somewhat mischievous , clique , who set themselves to the congenial task of buriesqnjngBosAPABTE ' s coup d ' etat . 1 showed the audacity and absurdity of their resolutions . I must now invito the attention of the reader to the fact that the conduct of thesa men baa been from first to last in direct
violation of the principles of Democracy . £ ' ^ - * l Tic great and leading principle of Demolcracy ^ U that of the sovereignty of the majority . On ( u Chartism is founded—on this only can it be maintained . Any scheme of Chartist organisation not based upon this foundation , is a mockery and a lie . For years past an organisation has existed under the name of the National Charter Association , established in accordance with Democratic principles . B y the Universal Suffrage of its members , a body of men had been elected to conduct the affairs of the society . Among them was one man , Ekxest Jones , who , not content with the functions assigned to him
by the constitution of the Association , must needs aim at making himself the sole lord and master of the Chartist body . That aim was treason to Democracy . To effect the end he had in view , he set himself to the task of perfidiously undermining the reputation of his colleagues , including even those to whom he was deeply indebted for acts of kindnesskindness which would have ensured the gratitude of even a wild Bushman . Perfidy and treason combined —perfidy to those who had befriended him , and treason to that sovereignty which had conferred upon them the same functions that he had been called npon to exercise . A new election took place , but the result
was not that which the arch intriguer had hoped for . He had willingly gone to that election , and was , therefore , bound to abide by its issue , intead of which he resigned . The reason he adduced mi ght have been accepted as a justification , but that hefcas since shown that he can make his strai ght-laced morality subservient to his personal interest . From that moment he commenced an open war against the accredited leaders of the Chartist party—the colleagues whom he had deserted . He now turned his attention to the establishment of a body in rivalry to the Executive—the Metropolitan Dele , ate Council— called into biing , organised , and drilled by him , to supersede the legitimate head of the Charter Association . If any one desires to aee Chartism caricatured , Democracy dishonoured , and
Bonapartistn burlesqued , let him attend the meetings of the above-named Council . I speak of the yet rampant' majority . ' Nearly balancing that ' majority , ' there is a minority composed of men whose Dames are known as creditable to Chartism , and who do their best [ in fairness ) to rescue the metropolis from the shame of servile submission to , and criminal connivance with , mendacious mendicity . Through the Metropolitan Delegate Council , the Council of the Manchester Locality , and the medium of his own publicationn , aided by secret letter writing , Ebsest Joses succeeded in getting a very few localities to sanction fc s scheme of a ' Conference . ' But that fauction notwithstanding , the convening of the Conferenc e was an act of treason to Democracy . I will not comment npon the unmistakable hostility of tbe
great mass of Chartists , as manifested by their contemptuous refusal to send Delegates to the said Conference . It is enough to remind the reader , that the Executive Committee were the only party invested with legal authority to sanmion a delegation of the Chartist body . As I have already commented upon the acts of the 1 Conference , ' I need only remark that the ' Conference , ' being itself illegal its acts must necesiariiy be
tie same . The ukase as to members payments , installation of the trnmvirate , the adoption of the 4 ^ mashing policy , ' and the impudent dictation by Jmh it was sought to ignore the Democratic journals in general for the benefit of the so-called ' People ' s Paper '—these were but shameless contiinations of the original act of usurpation . To accept the acts of the Conference is to sanction treason to Democracy .
t Nominall y the Manchester Council convened the Conference . ' If that could be admitted as a prectdentj we mightsee asmany ' Conferences'in twelve ^ onths as there are weeks in the year , each being as lpgal , or rathe ; - , asillegal , as theothor . Why should aot the caen of Birmingham Leeds , Sheffield , Nottingfan , Newcastle , Glasgow , and Edinburgh convene in ferences , ' setup ' triumvirates , ' dictate support « itt suppression of public journals , and the levying of w 5 ^ 'k mail from aU v , ' ho haTemora money than liiese brawlers , who set themselves up as the only i ; - ^! ianjst ? are the worstenaniiestothat DemoaiS ° ' vh 5 eh Cflartism is k » sed . They affect rft ? e l °° ? t *! io Principles , but the moment those * b « * fouaa nofc to consort with their wishes kwJi ? *^ ' ?*™? S or Kaiser to violate lame of !?* ' ^ " ? th ? ir ° ™ P * ' m the a-ne ot outraged Democracy .
«»Tht Uberts To Know, To Utter, And To A...
Mark the argument with which these men supply our enemies . ' Observing recent occurrences , they may , re asonably enough , say to the Chartists : — 'If you had the Charter—if you had the Republic—if the sovereignty of the majority were the accepted law of the commonwealth , you would be willing to follow any dissatisfied adventurer intent noon establishing his dictatorship under the forms , but in yiolalation of the principles of Democracy . ' Doubtless , thereare extreme cases in which resistance to the
decisions of Universal Suffrage may be palliated—to wit — 'the Insurrection of June , 'for that waian uprising for bread , for life , but no such reason can he adduced in support of the Monchester cocp tfetal . The weak ness of tie Executive , and the divisions of the Chartist party constituted no sound reason , for the ' Conference' was summoned , not to strengthen , but to further weaken , q & rather , to destroy the Executive j and its acts must nece : Saril y increase the divisions previously easting . * .... ¦* . * ' ¦ '>"
If Democracy-is to tiiamph , 5 D ^ ocrats niust exhibit by their acts , theirfaith hi ^ principles they profess . It is artfully Insinuated and circulated that the question at issue is merely one between ' certain individuals , and rival newspapers . That is a foully false representation . The question at issue is between Democracy and dictatorship—between the interests of the Chartists party and the mercenary egotism of a would-be despot . A hypocritical howl is raised against what is termed my indulgence in personalities , and that ,, too , by those who are leagued
to ' crush this journal—who shower upon my head every variety of abuse , and plot my destruction by every available means . This canting howl will not turn me from the path of . duty . It is with reluctance I set aside other questions of immense importance and interest , and which I would much rather discuss ; but the Democratic cause to which I have been wedded so many years , is too dear to my heart to tamely allow that cause to be exposed to the scorn and contempt of those who cannot but exult at the abasement of our party and the degradation of our name .
In my last letter I promised that this week I would discuss the course to be taken by those true and earnest Democrats who desire not their own aggrandisement , but the attainment of the People's emancipation . ' I refrain from that discussion , as I understand the Executive Committee { not the ' Triumvirate /) have determined to take counsel with old and well tried friends as to the course to bepursued & o ., and I would not wish even to appear to aim at influencing their decisions . My ambition is not to lead , but to serve the cause in every way that will best conduce to the triumph of the eternal principles upon which it is founded . " v -
Another word—I-daily receive letters declaringjthe general disgust and \ ontempt felt towards tho-tftm cocfors of the cowp d ' etat . But while good men remain contemptuous onl y / the cause is being irreparably damaged \ . seeing that while they are quiescent a . igw misled men ara ^ allow ^ Ho masquerade as Ciiartisii of this and of tnat locality . But enough ; the question is now in the hands of the Democracy . Our principles have been desecrated , and it is the duty of every true Chartist to repudiate the insult . He who now falters in the performance of this duty will incur the reproach of abandoning our good and holy causa to the ruthless hands of political charlatans . L'AMI DTJ PETJPLE .
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BU . Ho . j > , L 0 HDOH , SATURDAY , JOKE o , 1852 . ^ JSSSSS ^ T "
Ifareifjtt Htiit Colonial &It«Itfg*Tra
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France. Victor Hugo—Cassagnae And Tu Bel...
FRANCE . Victor Hugo—Cassagnae and tU Belgians— " Fmion" and Confusion—More Ken-Jurors—" Vive la Republique . ' "
[ From our oiw » Correspondent . ') Pahis , June 2 nd , 1852 . You will be glad to learn that Victor Hugo has just concluded bis work on the coup d ' etat . It ma ; be anticipated tbat it will be worthy of the great name of its author . Very probably you , in London , will be able to gee sight of a copy in advance , of us poor Parisians , betweea whom and the anther stands the barrier of the Bonapartean-policecensorship . "But where there ' s a will there ' s a way ; " and as copies will be secretly circulated , I do not despair of sharing with you the enjoyment of the great poet's " slashing " exposure of the brigand , already «« damned to everlaatins fame . "
That precious rascal , Caaaagnac , has again been playing the part of bully ; this time on a more than ordinarily presumptuous scale . Of course receiving his inspiration from bead-quarter ? , he a few days ago undertook the task of lecturing the Belgians on their liberal tendencies—so offensive to the occupant of the Elyaee . The Belgian elections commence on the 8 th inst ., and Monsieur Granier da Cassagnac intimates that unless the electors displace the present liberal majority in the Chamber of Deputies , they may look out for the vengeance of the newly-installed eagle ! When it suits their purpose , the tools of the French usurper glorify their master as " the elect of Universal Suffrage ; " but in the case of Belgium , it is by the same knaves deemed a crime that in 1 S 4 S a mere extension of the Suffrage was accomplished by the Belgian Liberals . The
most bigotted sections of the population are , of course , the moat Conservative , and to thek prejudices and passions the worthy Granier appeals to elect a reactionary majority and to substitute a Jesuit ministry for that at present at tke head of Belgium . In the event of refusing to act upon this advice , the Belgians are to ba victimised by a hostile tariff—at least so threatens tho redoubtable Cassagnao . It is amusing to note in the same article an attempt to impress the ungrateful Belgians with a sense of the blessings of French rule , which onoo they enjoyed (?) " when George the Third was King " and " my uncle " ruled the roast over the greater part of this continent . He insists that the Flemish part of the population has a commercial sympathy with , the French , that the remainder are naturally allied to them by community of language , and asserts that annexation to Franco could be of immense advantage to Belgium . This
modest declaration on the part of the great Granier has created a storm of indignation on the other side of the frontier , act ! tho Belgian journals are teeming with denunciations of" the insolent lacquey of the Blysfee , " and unitingin cue earnest oxLortion to the electoral body to maintain the national honour by returning a triumphant majority of Libmls at the election . The most able and cnc-rget'c of these journals are seized at the Freucb Post-< : ifi > . Xevc-riheless , "by hook or by crook , " we get to Know the temper of Laopold ' s citizen-subjects . The confiscation of the Belgian journals proves the cowardice of the master-bully of this humiliated country . His vile lacquies may pour their abuse , without measure , upon an independsnt people , but the organs of that people are denied a hearing in reply . The tormre has , with some boldness , ventured to occupy the place of the Belgian journals , and mercilessly ridicules the great Granier , whom it irreverently speaks of as " big , grey , woolly-head 2 "
Ever and anon there is much fudge circulated concerning the long-projected " fusion" of the Monarchical factions . But this talk only testifies to the real confusion that exists without abatement in the Royalist camp . Very truly the " Steele" observes of both factions , that they would not risk a drop of blood nor a particle of their patrimony to instai either " King '—the heir of Charles the Tenth , or of Louis Philippe . Both factions would be glad to use the working men as tools , and would not oa > o how much proletarian blood might be shed as long as their selfish ends v ? ere accompanied . But certain it is that there will be no " fusion" of the people with their ancient oppressors . Rule who may in France , it will not be Legitimist or Orleauiat . The Republic—the true Republic , is pre-ordained to succeed the reigning usurpation .
The utter and complete failure of the mission confided to Do Heckeren , has been the cause of much mortification at the Elys & e , Whether he was admitted to an audience by Nicholas , is a question fiercely debated , but is of no importance , as certain it is that that potentate and his brother despots , or ratbor his lieutenants , have made up their minds as to tho course to be pursued by them in the presence of all probable eventualities ; that course I indicated in my last letter . The " Moniteur" has been instructed to deny the truth of the report , that ( he' « Prince President" was disposed to exercise an influence over the S panish Governmen
France. Victor Hugo—Cassagnae And Tu Bel...
hostile to the Spanish Constitution . The "Moniteur " might have spared itself the trouble ; the denials of its master are like his oaths—the scorn of Europe . Tha non-jurors inciease and multiply . I could send you a batch of names , which would occupy ajmosfc a column of yourpaper of additions to those who refa pe tbfakejhe oath . General Leflo's refus il is as decided as . tfii ^ isf / fltB other proscribed military chiefs . After recountin & Jijg ser . vices , he says : — - . W « . Is th « re any necessity that 1 should recall to yoa how , bstrayed by the treachery of officers on duty , salaried by the Assembly itself , I was wrested in the night , taken to prison , coafined in a secret call , suDiequently kept a prisoner at Ham ; and , after four days of suspense , brutally thrown on the deck of an English steamer , with an order not to return to France under penalty of transportation
, doubtless to Cayenne or Noukahiva This abdminabteproMriptiou has not ceased , and , in the absence ofjudgei whose existence has . now become an impossibility , you hare reckoned for thejustiflcftiion of your violence upon my oath . That oath I refuse to take / , ' On Friday last thirteen political prisoners were sent from Troyea to the fort of Bieetre , near Paris . When the prisoners arrived at ttie v . tJiUroad station they raised a cry of " Vive la JfeptfMoae / ' ^ hioh was answered by the crowd outside . The gendarmetie immediately advanced and * arrested six of those , person ' s , whalers inarched off te prison . Arrested by the . officers ^ f a Rejj $ b 3 io for crying live the iJepuoWc . ' ... But this incident provesthat . 'the Republic still reigns in the heart ' s of the people . '
ADDITIONAI , IKIB ^ , IaKKCS ; SI . Petit / a landed proprietor , ' residing , at Batilly , Jo the Lohet / was arrested on the 27 th ult ., on a charge of having taken part . in . the . disturbances of December last . He was transferred , with other political prisoners to . Pavis . Etnest-Preveau . who was sentenced' to ab & thby the courtmartial sitting at MouluTs / umthe . trial oPpblitical offences , hasappealed . . ' . •/ ' - ' ;< The "Gazette de Midi" announces . that Madame Lafarge , who has . been . fof . some . | years cdnfined ' < jaa maitondetantt at St . Remy , has receired a free iMdpi & l
The " Akbar' ot Aiders says : —We ^ JSVfl received favourable accounts of the expeditionary , columiwbich , under the command of General llacMahon , left Constantina to carry on operations in Eabylia , in the direction of Collo . The Cherif Bouseba vainly endeavoured to oppose the march of our troops ; he was vigorously repulsed on all points . Sixteen villages or hamlets were burnt . The loss of the enemy , in killed and wounded , is estimated at 180 . On our side we have bad five men killed and sixty wounded . The journal "De Turin" has been prohibited from en . fering Franco . Toe' ? Courier des Nantes" having been tried . '' for publishing false news , " has been acquitted : This may be considered a check upon the public
prosecutor
AUSTRIA . Qentral Diicontent—Another Loan . Every possible means is adopted te conceal the real state of feeling in the different provinces from the knowledge of the inhabitants of the capital , but , in spite of preventive measures , the truth sooner or later finds its way to : us . A general and deeply rooted sentiment of discontent prevails , from which even " the tried and faithful TyroIe . se " are by no means exempt . . ' ¦ . ¦ It was reported in Vienna on the 25 th , that telegraphic despatches bad been received from London , announcing tbatM . de Brcntano had closed a five per , cent , loan of £ 3 , 000 , 000 with Messrs . Rothschild and Baring .
MOVEMENTS OF THE AUTOCRAT . The Emperor of Russia left Berlin by a special train on his return to Warsaw on the 26 th of May . During his stay at Potsdam , the Emperor paid very close attention to technical military affairs .: On Monday last he had a trial made on a large scale with the needle musket . Though he had hitherto been of opinion that' this weapon was not adaptedforjiractical uss . by troops of the line in general , he was forced to aonnt ' that tha performances witnessed very much surprised him . The range of the needle musket , and the rapidity of loading and discharging it , were extraordinary . The evil , however , is said to be that the musket so easily gets out of order . A trial was-also made with a peculiar bullet , which , sb ot from a musket , explodes on hitting its mark , and is very effective for
setting fire to bouses , or blowing up the enemy ' s ammunition waggons . During the late war in Holstein these bullets were used , and enabled the Prussians , at tho distance of nearly half an English mile , to set a thatched roof in flames with a couple of musket shots . Oh Tuesday last ; tbe Emperor gave the court and the chief military authorities a sample of bis far-famed mastership in the practical execution of military evolutions . At eight in the morning he put himself at the head of a regiment of cuirassiers in the great exercising field , and after beginning with the aimplest movements , proceeded to feats which excited as much astonishment as admiration . The . King , in order to return the compliment , took in person the command of the first regiment of foot guards , and exercised it before the Emperor . The Empress will go to the baths as soon as her health enables her to undertake the journey .
GERMANY . Frightful Distms—Emigration- 'Prusiim Industrial Exhibition . " Order reigns in Germany , " and tho results are seen in the misery of the people , and the flight of all . who can command the means to emigrate . In South Germany the distress of the population is daily increasing . The last re mains of the harvest have disappeared . Persons who cannot bring themselves to beg , starve in silence . The weaving establishments are completely idle . The last remnants of household furniture are sold to procure subsistence for a day . The fact is , that the substance of the country is eaten up by enormous standing armies and royalist robbers of various kinds . The German " Exodus " rivals that of Ireland . As an example it may be stated ,
that the parish of Niederfischbach , in the Duchy of Nassau , has emigrated in its entirety to America . All the immovable property of the inhabitants , woods , meadows , gardens , fields , buildings , and cattle were sold by public auction . The " Weser Gazette" states that numerous arrests took place on the 24 th ult ., at Bremen , in consequence of the discovery of the statutes and rules of an association called the League of Death , together with poignards , pistols , and other weapons . The prisoners had been taken to tho Hotel de Ville , and great excitement prevailed in the oity . Tho Prussian Industrial Exhibition was opened on the 28 th ult ., at Breslau , the capital of Prussian Silesia . Tho President , M . von . Schleinits was present , supported by the heads of the civil and military provincial departments . The day was observed as a general holiday . The building has been called a Crystal Palace , but its roof is of slate ,
ITALY . A letter from Florence of the 26 th ult ., in the " Opinione" of Turin , announces that the Marquis Ferdinand Bartholommei , one of the leaders of the ^ institutional party , had been arrested on a charge of having circulated political papers issuing from a clandestine pvess . SPAIN . The coup d ' etat , or , more properly , the suppression of parliamentary government in Spain , is not abandoned , but only adjourned . The young Queen appears more decided than ever to effect this sort of" reform . " PORTUGAL . Tie Cortes had met on the 20 th ult ., but made little progress in consequence of the difficulty in forming a House of Deputies , from the absence of members . The Count das Antas , chief of the revolutionary junta at Oporto , in the year 1847 , is dead . His funeral has been conducted with much pomp and attended by large numbers .
SWITZERLAND . Affairs of Fribowg—Reported Participation of the Britiih Government in a conspiracy against Switzerland ! The meeting of the inhabitants of the canton of Fribourg , promoted by the Souderbund party , took place on the 21 th ult ., at Posieux , a village two leagues from Pribourg , on the road to Bulle . Accounts differ greatly as to the number of people present ; but it was evidently much less than the promoters of the meeting expected , as the most exaggerated estimate does not exceed 14 , 000 . Tho meeting was opened by M . Vuilleret , an advocate . M . von des Weid and others spoke after him . The programme was adopted unanimously , and a provisional committee was appointed ,
of which M . Charles , now in prison at Pribourg , was named President . The other leading members are MM . Vuilleret , Presset , Von der Weid , Monnerat , and Col ; Perrier . A resolution was added , demanding the liberation of the persons arrested by the government . The federal commissioners did not go to Posieux . But they were present on the same day at the sitting of the Council of State at Fribourg , and the " Narrateur , " government organ at Fribourg , states that they declared that the federal constitution was no less menaced than the Fribourg constitution by the meeting at Posieux . The government has arrested all membena of the provisional committee on whom it has been able to lay bands , Later intelligence reports the liberation of all the prisoners / in compliance with tho demand of the federal council .
France. Victor Hugo—Cassagnae And Tu Bel...
The ' cantonal com oil of Geneva baa resolved by twentythree against fifteen votes to subject the property of the Catholic church to state control . A Berlin journal of the 28 th ult . publishes the following — " We receive this day further details respecting the protoeal , signed at London by the Sre great powers , on the affairs of Switzerland , and especially concerning those of Neuchatel ; This protocol is dated May 17 . The powers jointly engage to insist , with the Swiss Confederation , upon a modification of the cantonal ^ constitutions , in so far as they were altered by the events of 1848 , and especially that the old constitution of Neufcbatel , as it existed in 1846 , shall be restored . In case of refusal , an army of observation will take a position on the frontier , and menace Switzerland with a direct intervention . It is , however , hoped , that the federal government will yield spontaneously to the wishes of the powers . Franco , it is said , has taken a very active part in the preparation of the protocol . "
In opposition to the above , the " Suisse" declares that no Neufchatel protocol has been signed at London .
BELGIUM . The patriotic press of Belgium resents warmly the gross attacks of M . Granier de . Cassagnao , the lackey of lbs Elysee , upon the government Last Sunday the pulpits of eastern Flanders were converted into political tribunes . The priests in that part of the kingdom read to their congregations a circular by tho Bishop of Ghent , in which the people were told that those who voted in support of the present government might look for the ruin of the country , the downfall of religion , and eternal damnation .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . THE KAFFIR WAB .-ARBI 7 AL OF SIR H . SMITH . The Gladiator , steam-ship , Captain Adams , arrived at Spithead at five o ' clock on Sunday afternoon from tha Cane of Good Hope , having on board General Sir Harry Smith , Bart ., late governor and commandor-in-chief of that colony , and Lady Smith . . The Gladiator left tho Cape of Good Hope on the 18 th of April . There had beenjsome skirmishing with the Kaffirs . Colonel Perceval reports his operations in the neighbourhood of the " Gulu and Doom Mountains , " as having been highly-successful . He captured 615 bead of cattle , and some horses , killing several Kaffirs and one Hottutot . Reports had been received from Major-General Somerset , in the neighbourhood of the Windvogelberg . Tho troops
under Lieutenant-Colonel Napier captured , on the 7 th inst . 3 , 120 head of cattle , seventy horses , and 1 , 500 goats , killing upwards of fifty of the enemy—making a total of 4 , 500 head of cattle taken by the Mapr-General ' s column in his pursuit of the enemy from Balfour . "As the sergeant ( Hottentot ) and seventeen men of the Cape Corps were bringing the Major-General ' s express during the night to head-quarters , they saw near the small rivulet Golonoi a light in a kraal . They assailed the kraal and captured a number of cattle , and then , bearing tho lowing of move cattle in a neighbouring kloof , went in pursuit and made a further capture—in all amounting to 193 head and five horses . Five Kaffirs were killed , and arms and assagais taken . -Tho cattle and horses hare been brought to King-William ' s Town . " Colonel Napier reports . as "the result of his patrol' ' : — " Three . thousand- one hundred head of cattle , seventy horses , and 1 , 500 goats . were takenfrom the enemy ; and upwards of fifty Kaffirs were shot . "
Major Armstrong reporting thus , reports tho result of a skirmish : —" The enemy must have suffered severely , and many were seen going-away wounded . From the nature of the ground it was impossible to find out tho exact number killed . Ten bodies were counted , but I think they must have lost considerably more . " Colonel Eyre had a desperate action with a strong body of the enemy , in which Captain Gore , of the 43 rd , and Dr . Davidson were killed , and several men . wounded . Major Tottenham of the 12 th Lanqers , has also had a smart brush with the enemy , in which he also lost some of his men , and was very hard pressed by the Kaffirs . Major-General Cathcatt , the new Governor , had arrived at British Kaffraria and commenced operations where his predecessor had left off . But nothing can bo known as to bis success in the field for another mail or two .
WEST-INDIES . From Kingston ( Jamaica ) we have advices to the 11 th nit . The " Journal" says there will be an unparalleled falling off in the sugar eropi ¦' ¦ ¥ '¦' . Hayannah : The sugar market had been in an excited state . Another expedition from the -United States was talked of , of which Venezuela was to be the rendezvous . The yellow foyer continues to rage with great severity at Demerara . At Antigua the drought continued , as also at St . Kitts , In Martinique the censorship of the press had auied the stoppage of ttroneswpapers .
SOUTH AMERICA : We have dates from Valparaiso to the 10 th of April Camhriaao and several of his fellows bad been executed . Vera Cruz letters to the 10 th ult . state that great excite ment prevailed at the Cnpital , in consequence of a conspi racy against the government having , been discovered .
UNITED STATES . Death of Mrs . Adami—Important News from California—1 Kossuth and Emerson , & c , & c . By the North American Royal Mail-steamer , tho Europa , which arrived at Liverpool on Sunday evening , we have received correspondence from New York up to the 19 th ot May . The Europa ' s passengers included Mr . Feargus O'Connor , who has returned to this country . Mr * . Adams , the venerable relict of the late John Qwaoy A . UM 08 . ex-President of tho United States , died at her residence , in Washington , on the 15 th of May . A destructive fire had occurred iu He * York , by wavou Swift ' s extensive sugar refinery was totally destroyed . The damage was calculated at nearly 500 , 000 dols . There had been three later arrivals from California , viz .,
by the Illinois , Daniel Webster , and the Sierra Nevada . The latest dates are to tho 18 th of April , and the amount of specie was very large . The papers give a favourable account of the mining interests , and of the prospects of business in the larger cities . The interior continues to suffer from Indian depredations . A piece of gold , weighing BOS ounces 11 dirts ., solid and shining , was found near Sonora . This is the largest lump of pure gold over found in California . A recent arrival at San Francisco brought several gentlemen with slaves—one with twelve , another six , another seven , another five , and so on . Of course , they expect to hold them in the free state by tho strong hand—as the
organic law makes the bondmen free the moment their foot presses the soil of California . New England has done well for Kossuth in the expression of sentiment , but bettor still in the way of " material aid . " Befcween . New York and Boston , on the way through New Enjfand , -the contributions and receipts of meetings amounted to 2 . 430 dols . The Boston receipts have been 5 , 700 dols . ; from West Brookfield , 50 dols ; Bangor , Maine , 200 dols . ; Charlestown , 375 dols . ; Lowell , 12 dols . 73 c . ; Lynn , 500 dols . ; and Salem , about , 1 , 000 dols . — making 11 , 530 dols . New England has in two weeks contributed for Hungarian liberty . From New Jersey the entire amount received by contributions and from meetings was 1 , 020 dols .
At Concord ( Massachusetts ) Kossuth was welcomed by Ralph Waldo Emerson , who , iu the course of a cbaracj terietic address , said : — This country of working men greets in you a worker . Tin ' s Hepublic greets in you a Republican . We only s & y , " Wall done , good and faithful servant . " Yuu have achieved your right to interpret our Washington . And I speak the sense , not only of every generous Americau , but the law of mind , when I say that it is not those tfho live idlj in the city called after his name , but those who , all over the world , think and act like him , who can claim to explain the sentiment of \ Ya » hington .
Sir , what 9 vor obstruction from gelfishneas , indifference , or from property { which always sympathises with possession } , jou may eu eounter , we congratulate jou , that you have known how to convert calamities into power , exile into a campaign , present defeat into lasting victory . For this new crusade , which you wHlpKSK & towiUvng and to unwilling ears hf America , is a seed of armed men . Tou hare got your * tory told in every palace , and log hut , and prairie camp , throughout this continent . And , as the shores of Europe and America approach every month , and their politics will one day mingle , when the crisis arises , it will find us all instructed beforehand in the lights and wrongs of Hungary , and parties already to her freedom .
Kossuth responded in eloquent terms , and towards the conclusion of bis address observed—I have met distinguished men trusting so much to the operative power of your institutions and of your example , tbat rhey really bolieve they will make their way throughout the world m « r « ly by their moral influence . But there is one thing those gentlemen have oh regarded in their philanthropic reliance ; and thatis , that the sun never yet made its way by itself through well closed shutters and doors ; they must be drawn open ; that the blessed rays of the sun may get in . I have never yot heard of a despot who bad yielded to the moral influence of liberty . The ground of Concord itself is an evidence of it . The doors and shutters of oppreision must be opened by bayonets , tbat tho blessed rays of your institutions may penetrate into the dark dwelling-house of opprwsed humanity .
On the ISth of May Kossuth visited Albany , and was received with great enthusiasm . Governor Hunt addressed Kossuth in a very excellent speech . Kossuth replied in a very words . He was unable to deliver a lengthy speech in consequence of suffering under very serious illness and downright physical prostration . A Report of Kossuth ' s great . speech at Boston appears in our fifthpage . gS § C ... v .
France. Victor Hugo—Cassagnae And Tu Bel...
IMPORTANT FROM INDIA . THE BURMESE WAR . fall of llartaban and Rangoon—Gallant Defence and-great Slaughter of the Burmese-Frightful Heat—British attacked by Cholera-Graphic Description of the Fight byantyettitnm . Our Town Edition of last Saturday contained a brief notice of the important news from India , announcing tho actual commencement of tho now Burmese war , and the capture of Murtaban and Rangoon by the combined British force , naval and military . - \ Ve n 0 n- proceed to the details :-„ " Bombay , May 3 . mterdny morning the electric telegraph announced Hie arrival of her Maipst . r ' a < , f . ^ i » nf war Rattler , from
ST ^ r ^ , flil « of Vice-Admiral Austen flying , that £ J LhTi ( - hoari - ^ en passing the sea ter fh « SkL ^ llMtPW Sem Pb ° re . the . steamer signalled 4 th StW M ? g 00 nand M « taban , the former on the M 2 KSS « . t , ^ ^ 1 , orted ^ mistake , on tho 15 th . Martaban was taken on the 5 th by the Moulmein Brigade , commanded by L . eutenant-Colonel " gnoffcJJ'f W I 8 th Foot , and consisting of the right ving of that r « imenfc , the right wing of her Majesty ' s 80 th the Madras regiments quartered at MoubW , anVthe akilkry Th « capture of Martaban was a work of comparative facility , the troops having landed under a protecting firo from the ships , led by her Majesty ' s ship Rattler , and advaroing rapidly , in conjunction with the artillery , upon the works of the enemy . Tho whole operations lasted , we believe onlv
some four or five liours , when the place was ours . Alter its capture the troops re . embarked , and proceeded to tha Rangoon river , where they and the Madras troops joined the Bengal force , and the operations against Rangoon commenced . On Easter Sunday , the 11 th , tbe entire squadron proceeded up the riirer , not intending , however , to commence operations on that day , but the steamers towing the transports up having taken them higher up than was intended , tbey came within the range of the river batteries of tho Burmese , which immediately opened upon them , and a reply was inevitable . A teriific cannonade was then commenced on both sides , the steamers opening their broadsides on the river face of the Burmese worts on both banks of the river , and entirely demolishing them , both at Rangoon and Dalla . Her Majesty's ship Serpent
then proceeded up to Kemmendine , upon tho works at which place she opened fire , but the return was so severe , find the enemy's guns so well served , that the brig was obliged to haul off , and send down the river for aid , when two war steamers were aentup to her assistance : With these the Kemmendine batteries were silenced , and a landing having been effected , the enemy deserted the works , which were occupiad by sailors and marines from tho ships , and European troops . During the cannonade and shelling on Sunday , besides the destruction of the Burmese works on the river face , the enemy suffered great loss by the explosion of their powder magazine , a shell from one of our guns falling on it , and causing it to blow up with a terrific sound . On Monday , the 12 tb , the landing operations commenced , the troops effecting their dobarcation under tho protection
of the ships' guns , and all the boats of tho squadron being employed in effecting the landing . Hero the brunt of tha work commenced , as it was necessary , soon after landing , to attack and capture a strong stockade , a short distance iu shore , where the enemy fought most gallantly , and caused considerable loss to our force . On tuseday , tho 13 th , there was a pause , which was occasioned by the unavoidable delay in landing the heavy guns from the ships , the last of which did not arrive in the camp , if we may so call tho bivouac of the troops , till midnight on the 13 th . On the 14 th , in the morning the entire force broke ground , and advanced towards tho great Pagoda stookade , throwing out skirmishers , the Burmese also fighting well in their fashion , and knocking over many of our men . Nothing , however , could check the advance of our soldiers , seconded by a a tremendous fire of artillery , and'they advanced rapidly but steadily towards the Pagoda , stookade , taking
some minor ones in their forward movement . At length , towards noon , it was resolved to deliver the general assault , which was made by all arms with the greatest spirit and intrepidity , on the north-east angle of the Pagoda hill and stockade , when the enemy gave way and retreated at all points . They never expected that the assault would have been made at this point , and a gate was actually found open there , through which our troops rushed in and instantly occupied the placo , when all the fighting was concluded by two o ' clock in the afternoon . All arms behaved splendidly , but we have especial pleasure in recording the gallant and praiseworthy conduct of the 40 th Na « tive Infantry , who did not rest satisfied with performing ' what they had agreed to do , ' but lent a band to every * thing , guns , working parties , & c . " The following is the official report of the killed , and wounded on the side of the British : — Killed . Wounded . " Officers 2 14 "Rankand file ... ... 15 114 " Lascars „ 0 4 " Total 17 132 . " Two of the officers reported dead , viz ., Major Oakes and Major Griffiths , died of coup de sohil , or sun stroke aj the heat was intense during the fighting .
Rurihbk Pamiculaks Op The Tsklt Of Martl...
rURIHBK PAMICULAKS OP THE TSklt OF MARTlB W ~ , " The enemy were in considerable numbers lining tlw mud wall which runs along the bank of the river to u » large Pagoda , and as soon as the two steamers came opgo > lite the wharf each opened a sharp cannonade , which waa returned with good will by the enemy , both with guns and musketry . The fire from all four steamers was most effcc « tive ; the Rattler and Proserpipe , from being so close , must have caused many casualties , and the practice from the Salamander and Hermes was admirable ; even at tha distance they wore , every shot told . Too much praiso jannotbe given to Captain Brookin g for the noble man * oer in which he worked and fought his beautiful little ves-» el . thfl Prnsevoino .
) II auuing place was ciieuy , uuu troops , which were at hand , were landed from the steamers , and most gallantly drove the onemy before them , following them up the hill , and from position to position , meeting with considerable opposition from their musketry , but im « mediately driving them from , and getting possession of , their guns . The town was at the same time cleared , tha first to make his escape boing tho Governor . The place was entirely in our possession a little after eight a . m ., but the last of the troops did not return to the big Pagoda , where the general had established his head quarters , till nhonf . nnfl n . m .
" The loss ot tho enemy is not Known , xor tney remove * all their dead and wounded ; but it must havo been considerable , for the fire from tho steamers was very sharp and continued for some time . " Thus fell Martaban , an easy conquest , notwithstanding tho various and exaggerated reports of its strength . Oo the morning of the attack the garrison consisted of 3 , 000 men , who were evidently unprepared for our rude visit . They had been hard at work for fifteen or twenty days previous , cutting down jungle and clearing away houses , but we were too sharp upon them , and disturbed them in tha mMat i \( thni * i \ vannw > t ? f > r > a "
Liter Pamicuubs Ov The *Am. Ot Rasgook. ...
LiTER PAMICUUBS OV THE * AM . OT RASGOOK . " April 11 . —Tho . fleet weighed anchor at eight a . m ., and proceeded opposite Rangoon . The steamers had all taken up their positions , when a fire of cannon and musketry waa opened upon them from the Dalla side , and immediate !; afterwards from the southernmost stookade at Rangoon . Tho steamers lost no time in returning the fire , which con « tinned for one hour and a quarter . A shell from one of tha Bombay steamers exploded a mine or magazine in the right stockade , and shortly afterwards the enemy ' s fire waa silenced , and orders were given to cease firing from our ships . All the stockades appeared to be filled with men . A detachment was sent to attack the Dalla stockades , consisting of a detachment of European infantry and seamen
who carried it immediately , losing one officer , Ensign Arm . , strong , her Majesty ' s 51 st Regiment . On the morning of the 12 th the troops disembarked . The 2 nd company 3 th brigade Bengal Artillery landed at six a . nh , and put together their guns , and were ready to proceed by eight o ' clock , when the advance was made , headed by the light companies of the 61 st Foot . On coming within 850 yards of the first stockade , Brevet-Major Reid , with two 9-pounder guns and two 24-pounder howitzers , unlimbered and oamo into action , firing shrapnel and round shot . The practice was excellent and most effective . Ifc was instant / y returned by a well-directed fire from tho stockade . The enemy fired rather high at first , but after a few rounds they obtained our distance exactly . Just as Major Reid ' s ammunition was expended , Brevet-Major
Oakes , of tho Madras Artillery , brought up two 24-poundcr howitzers , and continued the fire till the order for the storming party to advance was given , and the stockade was carried without any loss . Before tho advance of the storming party a gunnor of the Bengal Artillery , and one of tho Madras Artillery were killed at their guns , and two wounded . " The following day ( the 13 th ) was devoted to bringing up from the ships supplies of ammunition and other stores , and on tho morning of tho 14 th the army advanced to tha attack of Rangoon . Immediately on leaving the bivouac of the previous day a sharp firing of the musketry commenced on both sides , and on our reaching an opening ia the rising ground all around ua two stockades concentrate * the firo of their guns upon us , and did us some slight damage . On arriving at a distance of 8 QQ to 1 , 000 yards from the Great Pagoda , four 8-inch howitzers , which had been dragged up from the rear by the seamen of the fleet , werebiougbtto bear upon it , and continued to fire till
anout one o clock , when the order was given for toe storm * ing party to advance , headed by her Majesty ' s gallant 18 th . Royal Irish . It received little molestation till it commenced the ascent of the steps leading to the Great Pagoda , when it was received by a discharge from two guns and from hundreds of muskets and matchlocks . The three first who ascended were Lieutenant-Colonel Coote , and Lieutenant-Adjutant Doran , of her Majesty ' s 18 th Royal Irish , audi Captain Latter , and I regret very much to add tbat tha first officer was severely , and Lieutenant Doran mortally wounded . Poor fellow 1 he received seven wounds audi expired in half an hour , deeply and sincerely regretted by every officer and man in the regiment , and most deservedly bo , for a noblw fellow and more gallant and amiable soldier never lived . No other officer was killed and the-roturns of wounded have not yet been received « The army is now occupying Pagoda , and evidently the enemy for our attack { quantities of food Ac , were found in every direction ordnance captured is being taken Bengal , and Montgomery , of the
Dfromregbaentsfi,, ^ Wters About 'The Gr...
dfromregbaentsfi ,, ^ wters about 'the Greafr * rare totally tinprej & ret 1 just : cooked ; blofefc tion ; . A return ? o ' f-fcSe £ by-Majors Reid , ofthaj Mtdr ' a"s ; ; A ' rtilierjra ; thS C , Jr'V 4 ^ 1 ^ ?{ rt $$££ ?«& , from regiments ? <•« quarters about 'tho GreaH were totally tinprepW ; just cooked . - biotbhiir ' . A return ¦ Qf-tb « by Majors ReiOfW M * drT «; -Ariiei ^ t 3
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 5, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05061852/page/1/
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