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AND. 18 ,n THE STAR OF FREEDOM. *
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Assault ur a Fish.—The Paris Tribunal of...
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©ttttocrattc Ifiotoementfi
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ygr Our Friends will oblige by forwardin...
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METROPOLITAN DELEGATE COUNCIL — DISGRACE...
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* Here the number of Polish Refugees in ...
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| r Fatal Accident in a Coal Pit—A man n...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Tho Justices Of Peace For Edinburgh Have...
-ss ^ spsr * « w EDITOR OF THE STAB «? FREEDOM . sgssisrss ^^ f , UDa haUV «« ied into our ears that every hungry iar fed-that our modern institutions were pronto perfection . Last year Hyde Park was efgtv . Science held her carnival ; am \ man , *" . S ed and bewildered at the sight , asked nothow ^ J men have perished , died , because of tfco misap-TIZ of man ' s ingenuity ? Talk of pauperism p fTmi were pooh poohed down by some smart fLl t ailor-made intellectual dandy , who modestly Joel Tou that you were an antiquated woV-a S nTof old lnmber-a man of the last agc-a dis-Eeiiied grmnbler-a misanthrope ; if he could have c Za to have been true to himself , he would have id'You are an ass , ' gentility , and the fear of ? rrtort alone kept him from such plain speaking .
a **" _ j . ill L > HrlMmn *\ T » iVe have before us a small document , ordered by *» H ouse of Commons to he printed on the 7 th of \ Uv this-vcar , setting forth the amount levied for i ' rates for England and Wales from the year Uo to the year 1851 , ' stated in pounds sterling , and ia quarters of wheat , taken at the annual average of the quarters of wheat in uiency , during each year , from 1830 to 1851 ( years inclusive)—same veturn in Scotland , from 1840 to 1851 ( years inclusivc ) -and same return in Ireland , from 1840 to 1851 ( years inclusive . ) Such document cannot be impugned . It is as authoritative as anv evidence can he , and makes c 3 , Crt work of much of the boasting that has been so common for some Year ? , and especially auring the document it
Exhibition Year of 1851 . By this ap-JU , that " in 1840 , in England and Wales , the amount of money levied for poor-rate was £ 0 , 0 l-l , OUo ; representing its equivalent in quarters of wheat , it was £ 1 , 750 , 089 . In 1851 the anlount ^ f money levied for poor-rate in England and A \ ales was £ 0 , 778 , 914 ; its equivalent in quarters ot wheat beine £ 3 , 390 , 583 , thus showing an actual increase in money for the year 1851 , as compared with iwi , ot £ 427 , 030 . The average price of wheat per quarter in 1841 , was Cos . 3 d . In 1851 , the average price of wheat per quarter was 39 s . lid . The increase of poor rates for England and Wales for the year 18 ol , compared with the year 1841 , represented in its equivalent in quarters of wheat , according to the annual average of the quarters of wheat in money , was
£ 1 , 449 , 613 . . , .. In Scotland , the' Gross amount levied ™ J ™ poor rate stated in pounds sterling , ' was £ 20-, * $ ! - , dumber of quarters of wheat , according to annual average , ' was 61 , 149 . In 1850 , tho amount levied for P MT rate in Scotland was £ 518 , 015 ; number of quarters of wheat , according to annual average , ^ 57 , 398 . Showing an increase in money for the year 1850 , as compared with 1840 , of £ 315 , 203 ; an increase in quarters of wheat , according to annual average of 196 , 249 . The return for Scotland extends from 1840 to 1850 { years inclusive ) . As the whole of the Unions in Ireland ^ ere not
rated for relief of the poor until the year 1846 we will quote only that year , and the last given , 18 ol . In 1846 , the amount of poor rates levied , being the amount collected , was £ 376 , 507 ; amount ^ poor rates levied , stated in quarters of wheat , * ol , ( m . In 1851 , fimounc of rates collected £ 1 , 030 , 025 , stated in quarters of wheat 534 . 0 / 9 . Being for the year 1851 , as compared with 1846 , an increase in money of £ 653 , 518 , and stated at the annual average of the quarters of wheat in money during each year from 1840 to 1851 ( years inclusive , ) it shows an increase of 383 , 035 quarters .
According to the figures quoted—and they are not quoted to serveany party purpose—our great advances nescience and mechanics , our boasted prosperity , our much talked of civilisation , has not relieved us from the pressure of increasing pauperism . There must be something radically wrong in a state which , in 1851 , invites the world to admire the progress she has made in the arts , in civilisation , and in the year 1852 publishes bo melancholy an account of the uses she makes of all her boasted of improvement . If civilisation only means that we shall exert ingenuity to prove our abilityand practice cruelty to prove our
, disregard for the laws of nature , and the dictates of enlightened reason , we would do well to change the word , and nse in its stead the more truthful termdemoralisation . If it be a fixed law in the economy of nature that population shall press hard upon the means of sabsisteuce , and panperism therefore increase in a fixed ratio to population , let the truth be made known , and our statesmen act thereon . If the contrary be the fact—namely , that man ' s powers of production are in advance of his means of consumption , and from the very nature of man , as an active agent ,
not creating , hut transforming the matter of the earth , making it subservient to his wants , and subduing it in advance of his immediate necessities , and that he must continue to do so , let tbe truth be made known , and our statesmen act thereon . From a deep rooted conviction , that nature is not yet Bankrupt , that there is no want of room in England , Scotland , and Ireland , although the population theory of Malthas is long since below par , we commend our statesmen to look for some more practical remedy for such a state of society , as the poor rate returns quoted unfolds , than the now popular and fallacious scheme of
extensive emigration . It is only a few rears since we were assured that the remedy for pauperism was the Manchester doctr ine of Free Trade . We remember hearing Mr . Cobden himself declare , that under Free Trade three masters would be bidding for two men—no Ten Hours Bill would be necessary . His colleagues said pauperism vras to become extinct . The poorrate return just published proves that the evils of British society are much too deepl y rooted to be overcome by unrestricted exports and imports . Unlimited cheapness is certainly no remedy for those who produce more than they consume , and whose
only property is their labour . The opponents of Mr . Cobden—the Protectionists—will claim our assertion as a triumph on their side . We caution them to beware . A system of protection that sacrificed labour for many years , and protected land to . the latest period it could , is the shabbiest of all contemptible deceits . Under its sway pauperism made progress , and if by its restoration he meant only Sir Edward Knatchbullism , or a regard for rent , or rent chiefly , its restoration is not to be desired , and is , in fact , a thing impossible . On reflection , all will-see that such one-sided a doctrine is absurd , and not to be entertained . of
We observe , ^ the columns the daily newspapers , many communications on the subject of emigration . As to Australia , ( the colony which at this moment commands so much attention , ) it appears , that the recently discovered gold fields are attracting the settlers from their regular labours , and opening out , for the present an improved labour market for a limited number of the industrious . As our woollen manufacturers , are dependent on Australia , to a considerable extent , for a supply of wool , any derangement in that colon ? , if not provided for , would no doubt be injurious to the interests of the West Riding of
Yorkshire . We were much amused , on reading the report of an interview between the Prime Minister and a deputation from that district , consisting chiefly of gentlemen whose interests are at stake , and who are uoteuasauherentBof the 'Let alltMngsalone' doctrine they actually proposing that all things should not be ' let alone , ' and that , in their own case , government should interfere , as they said , to proportion the supply of labour to the demand . A pretty modest request from the lips of ultra-disciples of the ' Manche ster School . * It conveyed , however , a great truth , that * letting all things alone , ' was only fitted for a perfect , and , for that reason , a stagnant state of society . We were not astonished at a friend of the
deputation , who evidently felt that governmental interference on the lips of such men was a misnomer , Writing in the Times , ' a few days afterwards , that *— ' The staid principles of political economy may be P ^ Perly relaxed ' . A sensible Remark , which , if a « ued to the request of the West Riding deputation , "" g ht help the Earl of Derby to overcome a much Pl ater difiicultv than that which now threatens the interests of the West Riding manufacturers . It is 10 be hoped that emigration to Australia will be carned out } n a pr 0 per ^^ ffi cient manner ; otherwise twill ultimately prove a pest to the colony , and an ™ J * y to tb ^ mother country . Care must also be J * m as regards the comfort of emigrants . To p men and women incongruously , and huddle them * .
Tho Justices Of Peace For Edinburgh Have...
together like cattle , as is so frequently done in emigrant ships , is neither pleasant nor profitable . The discovery of the Australian gold fields has raised the general question of emigration , and certain parish authorities are speculating—advancing money iu hopes of a profitable return . At a meetiug of the ratepayers of St . Martin ' s-in-the-fields , held on May the 27 th , it was resolved—• That the churchwardens and overseers he empowered to raise asnmof £ 1 , 00 % to defray the expenses of sending out to Australia poor persons having settlements in the parish and vtiiiing to emigrafe , under such rales and regulations as the Poor Law Board are vulUng to sanction .
The object of the parties adopting such a resolution is to lessen poor rates , or to overcome pauperism by emigration . Those points are made clear from the speeches live-red by the active parties . The rate-payers ofSt . Martin ' s-in-the-fieldsarenotaloneintheir . impresaion as to the desirableness of extending emigration , iu hopes of lessening pauperism , Wo tell them they begin at the wrong end . To send labourers out of a country that has millions of acres of land uncultivated , and profitable if cultivated , in hopes of getting rid of pauperism , is not only unwise , but suicidal . If the persons intended to be sent out are the aged and infirm , the act is cruel and unjust . If the young aud able bodied ' relax the staid principles of political economy , ' adopt the recommendation of the West Riding manufacturers — ' Proportion tho supply of labour to the demand , ' aud good use may be found for them in their native country .
Emigration was long the popular panacea for the miseries of Ireland . So early as 1821 we find the Earl of Derby , then Mr Stanley , giving evidence before tbe House of Commons , on the probable effects of emigration , and reasoning then very much as a portion of the ratepayers of St . Martin ' s and others do now . ' Has it occurred to you , that in a case of this kind emigration might be applied and be a benefit ?' Answer . — 'Of the greatest possible . And I am convinced that ihe expense to devolve upon the landlord in sending a portion of the population out , would be amply repaid in a very few years , in a pecuniary point of view & c . '
, Such was the opinion of the Earl of Derby thirty-one years ago . We ask the noble Earl to look at results . We ask all who fancy emigration can overcome , or even finally mitigate , pauperism , to look at Ireland , and in the appalling condition of that unfortunate country—which is the reproach of England and the pitied of mankind—to foresee the end of their emigration , * low wages , and * unlimited cheapness theories . Is there anv requisite for life , that gold can buy , which England , Scotland , and Ireland do not possess ? Has not Australia to be enriched by labour ? Is not England already enriched ? Then how comes it tbat in an old country , which is the granary of the marketable wealth of so manv countries , that the labourers , the producers of its
riches , are obliged to quit it in search of gold , which , when possessed , can only be used as a means to command the necessaries and luxuries of life ? How comes it that the free emigrants leaving England so generally prefer the Unite / . States to anv of our new colonial dependencies ? There must be causes for all these results . It is not enough to reply by a few fine sentences about the ' Mother country sending out her children to establish other countries , and spread the Sixon tongue , and carry civilisation to the ends of the earth . ' All such fashionable balderdash may tickle the ears of tbe groundlings , but will he rejected by those who know tbat 'the mother country' has been capricious and unnatural—that ebo baa given all to some of her children , and robbed the others of everything .
As a people , we have learned to produce wealth ; ere we boast of our civilisation , and be loud-tongued about carrying it to the ends of the earth , ' so long as we can produce nothing more cheering than advancing pauperism—nothing more satisfactory than emigration as a remedy for national evils—nothing more consolatory than a contrast between the extremes of wealth and poverty—we should , at least , be modest and guarded in our self-gratulation . What we have done we know ; what we bar not done we also know . We have produced riches to repletion . In our anxiety to prod i-cfthem we have forgotten their legitimate use . We have become too delicate ia the ear and callous in the
heart , to practically remember the homely words of Bacon : — ' Good policy is to be used , that the treasures and moneys in a state be not gathered into few hands—for , otherwise , a state may have a great stock , and yet starve ; and money is like muck , no good except it be spread . ' Gracchus .
And. 18 ,N The Star Of Freedom. *
AND . , n THE STAR OF FREEDOM . *
Assault Ur A Fish.—The Paris Tribunal Of...
Assault ur a Fish . —The Paris Tribunal of Correctional Police is frequently called upon to award damages for injuries inflicted by dogs and other animals , for which the owners are civilly responsible , but it is rather a novel thing for it to be called on to do so in the case of a fish . Such , however , was the case on Saturday , when ; a dealer in shellfish at the fish market , was summoned by a Madame Grebuchet , who claimed 30 francs damages for the injury caused to her nose by one of the defendant ' s lobsters . The plaintiff , wishing to regale her husband with a tit- bit for dinner , went to market and was bargaining for a lobster , which she
took up in her hand , but threw it down again , saying it was not fresh . The dealer protested that it was alive , but Mad . Grebuchet assserted the contrary , and that it even stunk . To satisfy herself that such was the case , she a second time applied her nose to it , when the lobster , as if in defence of the owner ' s veracity , seized hold of Madame Grebuchet ' s nose with its claw , and held it fast . She screamed for assistance , but , instead of immediately rendering it , the dealer and her companions around burst out into a laugh , and it was some little time before the nose of the lady could be released . The fisherwoman in her defence maintained that she
was not to blame , and that the mischief was solely caused by the imprudence of Madame Grebuchet , in appl ying her nose so close to the lobster ' s claw , when she had been told that it was alive ; and the Tribunal taking the same view of tbe case , the complaint was dismissed , and the plaintiff ordered to pay the costs . A Complacent Debtor . —In reply to a lawyer ' s letter sent to a debtor , who , but a few months ago , passed the Insolvent Court , having in his scheduhy . he names of his baker ,
butcher , grocer , milkuian , tailor , shoemaker , laundress , & o ., & c . ; tbe following carious epistle was received . — ** London , 19 th May , 1852 . —Gentlemen , —I have ^ at Ithis moment two judgment summonses against me , and four summonses in the County Court , one for £ 18 Cs ., the other for £ 14 Ss . ; if your client desires , under any advice , all I have at present to give him—Liberty—I am prepared to accept any process , and give judgment to save your client expense . I bave been so totally deceived by supposed friends that I care not how soon I meet the result . "
LKxein or Dats . —Our ( 'Durham Advertiser , ' ) obituary column , this week records the deatk of William Files , who died at Sedgeiield on Saturday last at the unusually advanced age of 102 years . The deceased was 72 years in the service of the Russell family , of Brancepetb , as coachman , and in that capacity served both the father and grandfather of tbe late Mr . Russell , the former of whom settled a comfortable competency for life on the aged servitor . The deceased was not the only member of his family who has considerably exceeded the scriptural " three score and ten . " He has a brother , William Piles , now living at Rothbury , in Xorthumbetland , who has attained tbe comfortable age of 92 , and a sister , Elizabeth Burnett , residing at Nickey Nac , near Seabam , who looks forward cheerfully to the advent of ber 89 th birthday .
Death op a Tiger Hosier . —Wo announce with regret Ihe ^ death of Captain Charles Colby , of Her Majesty ' s 93 th regiment , and commanding the convalescent depot at Muree , under the following distressing and warning circumstances —On the 80 th of last month Captain Colby went out tiger shooting at the foot of the hills on which the Muree dep 8 t is situate , and having come upon a large male tiger fired at and wonndedhim , as he supposed , mortally . Upon this he drew near with bis elephant , and , descending , approached the animal , which lay to all appearance dead , but which , on his coming close to it , sprang upon him and mutilated him dreadfully . He was rescued by the Mahonts and other
natives of the shooting party , some of whom iramediatelv started for Itawnl Pindee to give information of the occurrence , on receipt of which two medical officers at Once mounted an elephant and repaired to the scene of the accident , which they reached early the next morning . They found Captain Colby dreadfully wounded , and judged amputation of the left arm absolutely indispensable , expressing their opinion and decision to the sufferer , who immediately consented . The operation was at once performed near the shoulder , bnt so great had been the loss of blood and tbe injuries the tiger had inflicted , that the patient quickly sank and expired the same evening . —Bengal Chronicle , April 12 .
Fatal Accidest on the River . —A deplorable" accident occurred on the river on Wednesday , near the FVsgard flag ship , stationed opposite the Woolwich dockyard , by the upsetting of a boat , in which were three persons belonging to a brig , and one of them was drowned ; fortunately for the other two , one of the Woolwich steamboats was passing at the time and saved their lives . The boat was run down by a schooner . A number of cats were shipped from New York to California some time since , and an American paper , the " Cincinnati Nonpareil , " now says that an inhabitant of that city has recently sent 500 dogs on speculation to that city . " The net surplus of the Exhibition of Industry is officially stated to be £ 150 , 000 .
A servant-girl received the following written character from a person who meant to compliment her highly— " This is to Certify that Isabel Wier served with us during the last half-year , and found her in every respect Creditable and free from nothing that was in any way rong . ";
©Ttttocrattc Ifiotoementfi
© ttttocrattc Ifiotoementfi
Ygr Our Friends Will Oblige By Forwardin...
ygr Our Friends will oblige by forwarding reports of Chartist meetings , and other Democratic proceedings .
DEMOCRATIC REFUGEE COMMITTEE . The Committee re-assembled on Tuesday , May 25 th . Present : —Messrs . Shaw , Grassby , Thornton Hunt , Johnson , Walter Cooper , Milford , J . O . Clark , Worcell , Arnott , Bezer , Levy , Leno , Gerald Massey , Wilson , Pettie , and Julian Harney . John Shaw was called to the chair . Several small sums were handed in . ( A statement of monies received will be published immediately after the forthcoming Soiree . ) On tho motion of Walter Cooper , seconded by Thornton Hunt , Robert Le Blond was appointed Treasurer . The Committee then unanimously elected Thornton Hunt , Walter Cooper , and G . Julian Harney as Secretaries . The
following members were appointed as Finance Committee : —J . B , Leno , R . Levy , J . Bezer , J , Arnott , and J . Grassby . Subscription sheets were ordered to be prepared ; and after the transaction of some other business , the Committee adjourned . The Committee again assembled on Wednesday evening , June 2 nd . Several donations were handed in . The subscription sheets were received and ordered to be circulated . The Committee then adjourned till Wednesday evening next , June 9 tb . % g- Persons willing to aid the Committee , by taking subscription sheets are requested to communicate with G . Julian Harney , 4 , Brunswick-row , Queen ' s-square , Bloomsburv , London , to whom all letters are to be addressed .
%£ T Ihe Committee will meet every Wednesday evening , at eight o ' clock , in tho coffee-room of the Institution , John-street , Tottenham-court-road . LIST OF REFUGEES AT PRESENT UNEMPLOYED , SPECIFYING THE PROFESSION OR TRADE OF EACH .
PREN'CII REFUGEES , F . T ., F . B ., T . P ., P . S ., Labourers i D . F ., Builder 1 R ., T . R ., Leatherworker « ., 1 H . P ., T . H ., House and Ship Carpenters 2 T . D ., Painter 1 A . T ., H . P ., M . B ., S . M ., A . L ., Clerks 5 K . G ., M . G ., E . G ., Men ' s Shoemakers „ 3 A . F ., Ladies' Shoemaker ... ¦" .. 1 F . A ., V . M ., T . L ., Cabinetmakers ; ... 3 C , Artificial Flower Maker 1 T . S ., Founder , ( Stoves , & c . ) 1 F . G ., Engineer . ' 1 A . R ., Jnweller 1
P . M ., Lithographer I B . L ., Stonemason ... ... I A . C ., T . F ., B . C .. T . L ., Mechanical Workmen ... i B . L ., E . B ., T . B ., E . F ., H . F ., Carpenters and Blindmakers 5 AC , A . L ., Chemists 2 S . P ., Surveyor ( Bridges and Roads ) ... 1 L . S ., Plasterer 1 A . C , Chemistry Teacher I S . M ., D . F ., L . W ., Teachers of Drawing , 3 F . T ., A . R ., Teachers of Riding 2 A . R ., A . T ., F . T ., J . B ., H . P ., M . B ., T . L ., T . P ., A . C ., H . G ., E . G ., J . P ., A . T ., A . B ., P . L ., N . M ., A . C ., B . R ., L . T ., Teachers of tho French Language ... 10
A . T ., Teacher of Geography 1 A . T ., H . G . Teachers of Mathematics 2 L . L ., Stone Sawyer ... 1 A . B ., B . L ., A . C , D ., Locksmiths 4 L . W ., Sculptor ,, ... ... , „ 1 L . A ., G . B ., E . G ., Tailors ... 3 C . T ., Upholsterer ... 1 CD ., P . F ., P . L ., Silk Weavers ... ... 3 L ., Velvet Weaver 1 A . T ., Weaver 1 Z . L ., C . C .. L . V ., P . M ., Compositors 4 Z . P ., Printing Machinist 1 C . P ., Hand Press Printer , M . ... 1 F . B ., T . D ., Mason ' s Labourers ... ... 2 A . C , Bookbinder , Pasteboard Maker 1 B . C ., T . F ., Porters , Waiters , etc ... 2
POLISH ROTUGEE 9 . Losnox . *—M D ., Civil Engineer , Mathematician , Draughtsman . Speaks English and French . Is in possession of highly commendatory certificates from his former employers in France . Can give lessons in mathematics . L . G ., young and robust . No particular trade , but ready to fill any required service . E . L ., speaks French , Has been employed in commercial business at Rheims for a long time . Knows book-keeping , and would be useful in a woollen manufactory . MX , knows no particular trade , but willing to work at any employment . A . K ., Articled Veterinary Surgeon , B ., a Painter and Decorator . R . L ., a Fancy Painter on Glass . A . P ., a Fmcy Painter on Glass . Bristol—B . W ., speaks French and English ; young ; could be employed at any work requiring assiduity , care , and cleverness .
Leeds . —V . M ., is young , and robust . Has worked for several months at a cabinet-maker ' s . S . M , wishes for work at a turner ' s on the lathe , or at a joiner ' s . C . D . wishes to enter into any trade . Manchester . —A . B ., possessed of a thorough knowledge of the German language , and is a clever draughtsman . Can give lessons in drawing and calligraphy . Could be advantageously employed by an architect , or at any large establishment of ornamental work or stove-grate manufactory . A . Z . speaks German and English . Wishes for employment in book-keeping . F . S .. framer and guilder .
Rochdale . —R . G ., Ch . Z ., Z . K ., T . U .. L . L ., were all of them employed in a carpet manufactory for nine months , at present without employment . Sewcastle-ohiTtne . —A . A . has worked at a joiner ' s . T . W . has worked at a bookseller's . Northampton . —It . S ., shoemaker , Nottingham . —0 . B . has for some months worked in an iron manufactory , but not being habituated to heavy work has impaired his health , and wishes for a less laborious employment . Buckdurn .-T . T ., speaks English . Is clover , and could be used in book-keeping-Preston . —Th . B „ hairdresser and barber . A . C . has worked for several months at a cabinet-makers and joiner ' s .
M . is by profession a painter . Has been reduced to work at a shoemaker ' s . L . S ., a clever mathematician and surveyor . Speaks French . Printer and cempositor by trade . St . Helens—G . B ., has worked at a glass factory . Sheffield . —M . Zt speaks German and English well , is twenty years old . Wishes for employment behind the counter or in a merchant ' s office . T . M ., very orderly and diligent . Is ready for any sort of work . T . F . knows technical drawing . T . K ,, speaks German and English . A distiller by trade , but was reduced to assist in the work of a cabinetmaker . S . C . knows tbe use of the file and the plane and a little of carving . Wishes to vjovIs . at a cabinetmaker ' s . Svndxblaxd . —B ., young and robust , has worked at a paperhanger ' s .
Metropolitan Delegate Council — Disgrace...
METROPOLITAN DELEGATE COUNCIL — DISGRACEFUL UPROAR . On Sunday , May the 30 th , the bona fide delegates assembled to re-discuss the motion and amendment which occupied their attention en the previous meeting . To their surprise , they found , that they having left in consequence of the hour for adjournment arriving , the " delegates" who remained had carried the amendment in support of the " Conference . " Mr . Snelling was called to the chair . Credentials were handed in by Messrs . Gerald Massey and James Grassby , from the John Street locality ; Messrs . Bezer and Campbell , from tho "West City locality ; and Messrs . Brisck and Ferdinando , from tho White Eorso locality . Credentials were also handed in by a number of delegates , purporting to represent " localities" which had
been formed on the Seturday Evening and Sunday Morning , for the dignified purpose of impeding the full and free discussion of the proceedings in connexion with tho Manchester " Conference . " It was feared that representatives of tbe real Chartist localities were numerous enough to vote in repudiation of the late proceedings , ' so of course localities were manufactured for the purposeof outvoting them . Ai an instance , credentials were handed in bearing the name of a Mr . Titford , the printer of " a recently started democratic Journal . ; " and , if we are credibly informed , he and his brother delegates were elected by the prime mover of the late " Conference , " and some of the " printer's devils , " As soon as the credentials bad been read , a stormy dispute took place upon those of the White Horse , John Street , and West City localities . Mr . Jones , after
many expedients , moved that they all be received , and that the delegates of the White Horse sit provisionally , upon pledging themselves to remove from the pot bouse ; seconded by A . Wood . Mr . Brisck was surprised that Mr . Jones should feel sore on the attendance of 'delegates from localities which were not to be controlled by him . As to the pledge required , his locality—which was as flourishing a one , as any in London—would , perhaps , pledge themselves to change tbeir place of meeting , if some gentlemen at that board would promise not to receive any more of the hard-earned pence collected in " Pot Houses , " nor to allow the " People ' s Paper" to be sold to the " Pot Houses . " Mr . Bezer protested against being voted on the Council . He bad presented his credentials duly signed , and was already
a delegate—After a great turmoil , Mr . Jones ' s amendment was carried , and the "fPot-house Locality , " with the two others , were duly admitted . —The Secretary then read the minutes of the previous meeting . —On the motion for tbeir confirmation , Mr . Farrah moved , as an amendment , " That tbe minutes be confirmed up to the hour of adjournment , when tbe several delegates left tbe room . " Mr , Washington seconded the amendment . —After a few remarks from Messrs . Grant , Osborne , and Wood , Mr . Stratton entered into an able exposure and denunciation of the trickery resorted to by the supporters of the Conference . He would never countenance them , but would protest against any new dictators in the Chartist movement . —( Here a great clamour was again raised , and all manner of indescribable noises were
* Here The Number Of Polish Refugees In ...
* Here the number of Polish Refugees in want of employment is very large . Many have never applied to us , nor sufficiently acquainted us with their situations to recommend them to the Commute . Some have not yet done it in consequence of their recent arrival . We therefore content ourselves , meanwhile , to give the names of those few only , who , belonging to the Democratic Society , are better known to us as wanting , and by their character deierving , the Committee ' s protection . J 3 i - ^ . ;_' ; - .. « .
* Here The Number Of Polish Refugees In ...
made by a knot of persons at the Council , and some of the bystanders . ) -They might have their bullies there but he would not be put down . Mr . Stratton then complained of the gross misrepresentations in tbe " People ' s Paper "—( Great- confusion , and cries of "vote , vote" ) . —A division ' was then taken , when there were found sixteen voting for the confirmation of the minutes in full , and twelve aoai'njj it The adjournment was then carried unanimously and the " Council" rose .-We have refrained from attempting a description of the bullying resorted to by some persons , at those who were prepared to vote against tbe previous Sunday ' s proceedings , for we could not describe it . The proceedings were thoroughly disgraceful to Chartism , and if this Council be recognised as the representation of the London Chartists , the country is grossly misled .
Fi . vsburv Looalitt . —At the meeting of this body , on Sunday last , it was resolved to suggest to the Metropolitan Council to issue an address to the country , urging an agitation to obtain the liberation of the political exiles ; that a petition be prepared by the same body , and when signed by the public generally , to be presented to the Lords by Lord Brougham , and to the Commons by T . S . Buncombe , M . P . Other resolutions that were passed included one expressing regret at the dissensions exhibited in the Metropolitan Delegate Council . A resolution was also moved that no reports be sent to the " Star of Freedom , " A debate ensued , and the decision was adjourned . Bradford , —The Chartist council met on Monday last , and passed resolutions recognizing and pledging themselves to support the new " executive , " elected by the late " Conference , " inviting Mr . Finlen to Bradford , and calling on the West Riding secretary to convene a West Riding Delegate Meeting , fin a late report appeared the name of T . Cameron as Treasurer . It should have been W . Stansbury . l
Asbton , —The Chartists of Ashton-under-L yno resolved at their meeting on Sunday , May 23 , not to contribute anything towards ' the Manchester Conference , as they did not approve of the proceedings of that body . All communications to be addressed to Daniel Morgan . gSeoretary , No . 2 , Wychs Court , Old Street , Asbton-under-Lyne . North of Scotland . — A correspondent' commenting on the electioneering proceedings of the Far North , asks . what are the non-electors doing ? and adds , " Never has there been a more favourable opportunity to revivify Democracy , and spread our pinciples , than at present . Tho general election is at hand—lot the Democrats attend the electoral meetings , question the candidates , and where possible have a good honest man of their own on tho hustings . In order that these things may be done efficiently we must have an
association . Let the ' good men and true commence immediately , for there is no time to lose . In places where there may bo notweekly meeting , let even four , or half a dozen , make a beginning , and if they continue truthfully , actively , and enthusiastically , their numbers will soon increase . Besides , it is the duty of Democrats to cultivate Fraternity , as wellas talk about it . Weekly meetings to report any occurrences bearing on popular progress , and consider the Social and Democratic movements at home and abroad , could not fail to be of immense advantage to our cause , ; if they were conducted in a dignified and earnest spirit . We call , therefore , ou our brethren throughout the country , but especially those of the north of Scotland , because they are best known to us , to reorganise themselves immediately ; and let us hear both of their commencement
and future progress through ihe columns of the ' Star of Freedom , "' Newcastle-on-Ttne , May 26 . —The members of tbe National Charter Association met in the Democratic Hall , Nunn-street . —Augua M'Leod in the chair . —Mr . -James Charlton proposed , Mr . J . Powell seconded , tbe following resolution , which was ably supported , at some length , by the proposer and seconder , and Messrs . Cookbourn , Cairns , and Rane : — " Tbat this meeting having read the report of the Manchester Convention , hereby express it as their una . nimous opinion—1 , That the acts of the said Convention are calculated to disgrace tbe movement and retard the cause of progress . —2 , That Mr . Cockroft having said they were determined to oppose'the middle-class even if they went for tbe Charter , and Mr . Jones having suggested the
propriety of breaking in by force upon their meetings and ippposing them , this meeting hereby expresses i' » entire " disapprobation of such disgraceful conduct , —3 , That we will not support the Executive elected by that Convention . " Only one person voted against the resolution . —C . B . Knight , Corresponding Secretary , The Woman ' s Elevation League . —A programme of the principles and objects of this society appeared in the " Star of Freedom " of May 8 . Since then a select meeting of members and friends has been held for the purpose of giving the members of the Council an opportunity of further elucidating the principles of the Association . John Ingram Lockharfc , Esq ., presided . A report was read by
Mr . King ; after which Mr . Naylor addressed tbe assembly in a lengthy and eloquent speech . Mrs . Dexter , the popular lecturer , then spoke for some time on the social and moral elevation of woman . Those who have had the pleasure to listen to Mrs . Dexter can well understand her ability to treat of such a noble question . Possessed of talent , enthusiasm , and energy , and admired for her moral worth , the cause of Woman ' s Elevation can have no more efficient advocate . Mrs . Holmes followed , her address being in support of the professional elevation of woman . Mr . Naylor again spoke in defence of the political rights of the fair sex . We have received a report of tho address delivered by Mr . Naylor in the early part of the evening , to which it is our intention to give publicity in next Saturday's " Star of Freedom . "
Discussion on the Manchester Chartist Programme ai Newcastle-on-Tynb . —On Sunday evening , May 30 th , the members of the National Charter Association met ( according to notice ) in tbe largo room of the Democratic Hall , to discuss the above subject . There were a goodly number of Democrats of various shades present , apparently anxious to hear and take part in the debate . Jonathan Rayne , a thorough going Republican , was unanimously called fo the chair . —Mr . George Grant opened the discussion . —Mr . Grantsaid ho considered that if the Manchester Convention had not taken the movement up , there waa nothing but a respectable funeral left for it . He had no faith in being allied to middle-class reform ; he was for the whole Charter , and nothing hut the " whole hog " would suit him . He did not believe in any bit-by bit reiorm . But
did not agree with the plan proposed by the Executive for the collection of monies . He thought if the Executive left the cause -to voluntary subscriptions , it would sink into a worse state of apathy than it had done heretofore . For that reason he entirely dissented from that clause , as be should not like to incur any further debt , and a subscription raised on the old plan would be best . He objected to an Executive being elected by the Conference , as he considered it was not according to the principle of Universal Suffrage , but considering the difficulties the movement was labouring under just now , thought the Conference had taken that course as being the best and only one t 9 prevent the death of the movement . When the middle-class held meetings ho approved of opposing them . He concluded , by saying he could not aeree to the
delegates pledging themselves to push and support the " People ' s Paper , " in preference to any . ' other , as they had done ; he thought that did not belong to tbeir business . —Mr . Charlton commented upon what he considered to be the absurd policy , and proceedings of the Conference , which he censured ; He thought Mr . Grant must be a clever prophet to tell so ably as to whether tho leadership of the Manchester Executive would be so much superior and efficient to the future Executive , which would have been elected at a proper time , when tho debt of the old one was cleared off . He thought Manchester was not the proper place for a Conference to meet , or any other provincial town . He thought it was sheer imprdence for the sham Executive of three to pretend to represent the whole Chartist community . He never heaid of a more
disgraceful attack on any . individuals' private religious opinions , than that of Mr . Finlen on Mr . Robinson . —Mr . Cookbourn said tbe public had no ri ght to break into ticket meetings . He wished particularly to express his disapproval of any opposition or obstruction to any reform movement . —Mr . Henderson thought tho Chartist leaders had generally been obstructions to progress ; did not agree to the members of the Association taking any part in disturbing other reform meetings . He thought the small debt there was remaining proved how little real interest the Chartists took in their cause . He should have liked to have seen a really National Convention of the people , elected by a public meeting . —Mr . Rane had not heard any person speak favourably of the *• Conference . " Bethought it would be a mad policy , if they wont to oppose everything which tho Manchester Conference had recommended them to do ; they had no room , to complain of Mr . Harney , Cooper , Holyoake , and others , as thev had done . He was
sorry Mr . Jones had recommended them to obstruct the Parliamentary and Financial Reformers . He thought the Conference was very curiously called together , and censured them for denouncing all other politicians but themselves . He believed the Manchester Executive bad more ability to do harm than good , He would like the movement to be placed in wise leaders hands ; it was of no consequence who those leaders were so long as they forwarded the principles . —Mr . Powell said he thought if ever a movement was disgraced by the policy of a Conference , surely Chartism had been by the one at Manchester . He wondered ^ here they would find our hundreds to go and oppose the middle-class reformers at their meetings . He severely consured Mr . Cockroft and others for recommending such a wildI cqurae .--. Mr . John Brown stated that he considered the Manchester Chartists had done quite right in calling tho Conference .--. Mr . Chariton moved the adjournment of the debate , which was carried ; and it was ulttimately agreed to resumei it on Sunday eTening next , at seven o ' clock .-C .
Victoria Park Locahtt , May 30 .-S . Buckridge in the chair . Moved by E . Stokes , seconded by T . Staines :-im in consequence of many persons attending two localities , and voting in such a manner as to counteract the ettorts of honest members , it is hereby resolved that the members of the Chartist Association cannot belong to the S ^ JS'hW ^^ - " - ^ ed-Mov ed by E . Stokes , tT « SW \ Sne I ! ln S :- "Tbat to locality be allowed to send Delegates to the Metropolitan Delegate Council , unless they have been formed one month . " -. ( Tarried .
| R Fatal Accident In A Coal Pit—A Man N...
| r Fatal Accident in a Coal Pit—A man named Bryant has been killed in a coal pit , Starveall Colliery , near Bristol . He was descending the shaft in a basket , when a piece of coal fell upon him . Upon being taken up he was quite dead . » h !? SS ii £ T !? } ? » tilluminated manuscripts ; S ? t 7 fn ? ° 1 ) g £ with ? " Th <> fa ^ er hesitated , and ?« wiTf fL if W ° i u Wfls re P eated . answered desperately , With the light of other days , my son ! "
| R Fatal Accident In A Coal Pit—A Man N...
KOSSUTH AT FANUEIL HALL , BOSTON . GREAT SPEECH ON THE AFFAIRS OF EUROPE . Bostox , May 14 , 1852 . The greatest meetiug Kossuth has yet had in New England was that at Fanuil Hall to-night ; it was great in numbers—great in enthusiasm—great in importance—and Kossuth made a great speech . He has made no one in America of more interest , or one received with more favour . Kossuth was presented to tho audience and spoke for more than two hours , enchaining the attention of his auditory and elicitiu g as hearty applause as has been given him at any meeting in America . r kosscth ' s speech , UEKTLEMEN .-Some generous friendsto whom my heart
, is bound with Una „*• i „ ,. .... - . ., . ... , is bound with ties of everlasting gratitude , for their kind-? hn M iffiSi ? fnn , Jn |} Potion-men , distinguished also by £ ? i « S 3 r « ™? M ? of lUBir fellow-eitixens . haw hSS : \ Ll"Liu f oteI le * ve Boston and Ma * a . chuetts , those bright stars of consolation in the r l , H . * y night ot the poor wandering exile , I am desired to giv « * ,. „? explanation , in Fanned Hall , about the greatest coldi' Um & Europe , and the character ofourdajs . ' ' I see ascle , r ! y . 4 I see you , that the die is not about to bo cast , but is a'r ' dv cast . I see the war between freedom and oppression " , > u about to be engaged , but really engaged , I see Eurove iiv = in that condition , in which two inexorable armies are both marching , already to meet ; I see that the shock of their meeting can neither be avoided nor delayed ; it must come . ( Applause . ) I see all this , not because I wish it , but
because 1 know it ; l see it because 1 mysell have taken , and still take a considerable part in the arrangements of the march ; 1 see it because I know what are the elements of the struggle , and what in the organisation of these elements . I know , what are the forces we can dispose of with certainty—with certainty , weighed not by visionary imagination , but with that calm , arithmetical calculation with which the chief of an . army looks to the register of his regiments before ho offers or accepts a battle . You can imagine how torturing it must bo to my mind to know that such a declaration from tho United States as the resolutions of Massachusetts , and such mutual aid as would enable me to provide for those necessities which cannot be provided for without financial meaiiSj-would ensure fct > e triumph of Liberty—to know that the additional benefit of a good
vessel and of 100 , 000 arms . would control tbe issue of the question , which principle- shall rule the world . Kossuth then proceeded to notice and to combat the idea that it is the destiny of Franco to lead tbe nations to liberty . Louis topoleon ' s coup d ' etat ; much against his will , has emancipated Europe from its reliance upon France . The combined initiative of nations has succeeded to the initiativeof France . Many have wondered at the momentary success of Louis Napoleon , ami " are inclined to take it for an evidence that the French nation is either not capable or not worthy to be free . But this is a . great fallacy . The momentary success of Louis Napoleon is rather an evidence that France is thoroughly democratic .. All the revolutions in France have . resulted in the preponderance of that class which bears the denomination of Bourgeoisie . Among all possible
qualifications of oppression , none is more detested by the people than the oppression of an Assembly . The National Assembly of France was the most treacherous the world has ever yet known . Issued from universal suffrage , it went so far as to abolish universal suffrage , and every day of its existence was a new blow more stricken at democracy for tbe profit of the Bourgeoisie . Louis Napoleon has beaten asunder that Assembly , which the French democracy had so many reasons to hate and to despise , and the people applauded him as the people of England applauded Cromwell when he whipped away the Rump Parliament , though indeed , there is not tbe slightest likeness between Cromwell the giant and Louis Napoleon tho dwarf . ( Cheers . ) Bat by what means was Louis Napoleon permitted to do even what the people liked to see done ? By no other
means but by Haltering the principle of democracy . He restored the universal suffrage . It is an infernal trick , to bo sure ; it is a shadow given for reality ; but still it proves that the democratic spirit is so consolidated in France , that even despotic ambition must hotter it . ( Applause . ) Well , depend upon it , this democracy , which the victorious usurper feels himself constrained to flatter in the brightest moments of his triumph—this democracy will either make out of Louis Napoleon a tool , in spit of himself , serving the democracy , or it will crush him . ( Applauso ' and cheers . ) Should he succeed in maintaining himself to tho next Spring , without being attacked from , abroad , you will see him brought to the necessity of an offensive war—may be that against England , but in my opinion more probably against Austria . They cannot both
stand on the soil of Italy , and whoever be the ruler of Franco , ho may abandon Italy to herself , but never can abandon it to Austria . Against the rivalry of geographical necessity , no whim of personal inclinations can prevail , nnd not even cowardice can submit to it . Whichever of these alternatives may occur , so much I take for sure , that the momentary success of Louis Napoleon ' s coup d ' etat , in its ultimate issue , will and must prove more subservient to the revolutionary movement of Europe than the French Eepublic of 1848 , with the unhappy poetry of Limartinian policy forsaking faithlessly tho Revolution and resulting in tho degradation of the National Assembly , and the preponderance of tho Bourgeoisie , could it have been continued by a peaceful solution of the Presidential election , which would have taken place at this very
period , without the coup d ' etat Napoleon . ( Applause . ) So much for France , Now as to Italy . Italy ! ' the sunny garden of Europe , whose blossoms are blighted by the icy north wind from St . Petersburg , Italy , that captured nightingale placed under a fragrant bush of roses beneath an ever blue sky . Italy was always the battle-field of the * contending principles ; since hundreds nnd hundreds of years the Gorman Emperors , the Kings of Spain and the Kings of France fought their private feuds , their bloody battles on her much coveted soil , and by their destructive influence kept down every progress , and fostered every jealousy . By the recollections of old , the spirit of liberty was nowhere so dangerous for European absolutism as in Italy . And this spirit of Republican liberty , this warlike genius of ancient Rome was never extinguished between
the Alps and Faro , wo are taught by the scribes of absolutism to speak of the Italians as if they were a nation of cowards , and we forget that the . most renowned masters of the science of war , the greatest Generals up to our days , were Italians , Ciccoloumi , Montecucculi , Farnei'e , Eugene , of Savoy , Spinola and Bonaparte , a galaxy of names whose glory is dimmed but by the reflection that none of them fought for his own country . As often as the spirit of liberty awakened in Italy , the services of Germany , of Spain and of France poured into the country and extinguished the glowing spark in the blood of the people , lest it should once more illumine the dark night of Europe . ( Cries of " Shame . " ) Frederick Barbarossa destroyed Milan to its foundation , when it attempted to rosist its imperial encroachments by the league of independent
cities , and lead the plow over the smoking ruins . Charles i tbe Fifth gathered all bis powers around him to subdue / Florence when it declared itself a democratic republic . , Napoleon extinguished the last remnants of republic self . fovernment by crushing the Republics of Venice , Genoa ,, iucca , Regusa , and left only by derision , to ridicule re- - publicaniBtn , the commonwealth of San Marino untouched , ! , and the Holy Alliance parted the spoils of Napoleon , andd riveted anew the iron fetters together which enslave Italy , r , and forging now spiritual fetters , prevented the extensions of education and destroyed the press , iu order that theie Italians should not remember their past . Every page , e , glorious in their history for twenty-five centuries , is con-onected with the independence of Italy ; every stain upomo their honour is connected with foreign rule . And the burn-n «
ing minds of the Italians , though every spiritual food is de-lenied to them , cannot be taught not to remember their pastst glory and their present degradation . Every stone speaksks of the ancient glory , every Austrian policeman , everyry French soldier of the present degradation . The tyrantata have no power to unmake history and to silencece the feelings of the nation . And among all the feelingagai powerful to stir up the activity of mankind , there is nonenei more impressive than unmerited degradation , which impelsls : us to redeem our lost honour . What is it , therefore , thafeato keeps those petty tyrants of Italy , who are jealous of ononei another , on their tottering thrones , divided as ] they ararai among themselves , while the revolutionising spirit of of ; liberty united the people ? It is only the protection oioit ; Austria , studding the peninsula with her bayonets audM
with her spies . And Austria itself can dare to stud thuauai Italy because she relies upon the assistance of Russia . Bhebei can send ber armies to Italy because Russia guards heoer : eastern dominions . Let Russia keep off , and Austria ia iai unable to keep Italy in bondage ; and the Italians , unitedtedl in tho spirit of national independence , will settle easilyilj i their account with their own powerless princes . ( ApAp " plause . ) Keep off the icy blast from the Russian snowsws ,, and the tree of freedom will grow up in the garden ot oil Europe ; though cut down b y the despots , it will sprinfini ! anew from the roots in the soil , which was always genianiai for the tree . ( Applause . ) Remember that no revolutiotioii in Italy was ever yet crushed by their own domestnstiu tyrants without foreign aid ; remember tbat one-third ol o > the Austrian army w hich occunies Italv ar « Hnn ^ rianian
, who have fought again and triumphed over the yellowlow ? black Hag of Austria—under the same tri-colour whicbicbi having the same colours for both countries , shows" embleblei matically that Hungary and Italy are but wings of th thm same army , united against a common enemy . Rcmembcabci ^ j ? ve > neitiier the Pope nor the little Princes oss 0 ) middle Italy can subsist without an Austrian and Froncbncll garrison- ( applause )—and remember that Italy is a halhali isle , open from three sides to the friendship of all who synsymi pathise with civil and religious liberty on earth , butfronrom the sea not open to Russia and Austria , because they nrr aro not maritime powers j and so long as England is oonscioudoui of the basis of its power , and so soon as America gets concono
scions of the condition from which its futiue dependsndss Austria and Russia will never be allowed to become mariuari'i time powers . ( Applause . ) And when you feel instinctivelivell that the heart of tho Roman must rage with furv when h » n hi looks back into tbe mirror of his past , that tho " Venetiaetiai cannot help to weep tears of fire and of blood from thu thb Rialto ; when you feel all this , then look back to how thv thh Romans fought in 1849 with a heroism scarcely par . vlale'lelee in the most glorious days of ancient Rome-and let DJt mo tell m addition upon the certainty of my own positK knowledge , that the world never yet has seen iuch a con con plete and extensive revolutionary organisation as th-i ' « ,, Italy to-day , ready to burst out Jnt fan KSi £ h » r atthe slightest opportunity , and powerful enough Tn
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 5, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05061852/page/5/
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