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e THE STAR OF FREEDOM. .
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I^w-scrr AMcx a nAT.-The Civil Tribunal ...
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©osMMiratita <83i«>rocfe
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23~ We ahull bs glad to leceive Report* ...
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THE WOBEINCr TAILOBS ¦ ASSOCIATION LONDO...
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CENTRAL CO- OPERATIVE AGENCY. The busine...
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HALIFAX WORKING MAN'S CO-OPERATIVE SOCIE...
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CO-OPERATIVE LEAGUE. At tbe last meeting...
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Cut Wobkiso Taixors' Association. — We u...
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TOWER HAMLETS ELECTION. It is with great...
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A Railway Cashier Accused of Embezzediek...
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States' JhtteUtgence
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US- The Secretaries of Trades' Unions an...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES. 2...
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WEAVERS' KT1UK.E—THE TWO LOOM SYSTEM, AN...
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SHIPWRECKS AND- ACCIDENTS AT SEA. Two Sh...
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!«S IU 9 WEAV ' NG - ~An extraordinary f...
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the «• New No. 2 Pit'" according to thei...
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SAVAGE MURDER. A bruta . " murder has ju...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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| R Fatal Accident In A Coal Pit—A Man N...
make that opportunity , if either ^ ZlStStSii checked , or the interfering foreigners "ggPJJ ^ Sfi and developed [ the' «*& "Sj SSnfflfial , the most wealtbypropnetqra ** » y » aim and to means , singular unanimity exists oo n - " \ ... , , See or aiiast France , by the sword , at all sacrifices S utcomprom'se ; they are bent on renewing over and over airain . the battle with tbat conn lence that even without aid thev will triumph in the long run . ( Cheers and prolonged applause . ) The difficulty in Italy is not bow to make a Revolution , but how to prevent its untimely outbreak ; and still even in that respect there is sueh a complete discipline as the world never ret has seen . In Rome
, Romacna , Lombardr , Venice , Sicily , and all middle Italy there csi .-ts an invisible government , whose influence ia everywhere dirccruJWc . { Applause . ) It has eyes and bands in all di'i'iritnents of public service , in all classes of society—it V : i > its taxes voluntarily paid—its force organised —its v-iiice—its newspapers regularly printed and circu-Jiteti , though tbe possession of a ~~ si » gle copy would send the holder : o the galleys . The officers of the existing government convejs tho missives of the'invisible government—the diligences transport its agents . One line from one of these agents opens to you the galleries of art on prohibited days , gives you the protection of uniformed ofacials , and , if you find no place at a diligence office , determines the director to send a supplementary carriage . The chief of police avowed openlyto Cardinal Antonelli . thatformerly tbe palace
watched and spied , but now tbe palace itself is watched and spied , and punished terribly , inexorably , if it dares to interfere with the orders of the invisible government which nerer fails to le punctually obeyed . ( Applause . ) This is the condition of * 11 Italv , is shown on one side in tbe fact that the Eng of Naples holds fetteied in dungeons 25 . 000 patriots , and Radeizfcy-fshame , shamej-has sacrificed nearly 40 , 000 political martyrs on the scafiold-Whear , bear ) —and still the scaffold continues to bs watered with blood , and still tho dungeons receive new rictims , evidently proving what spirit there exists in the people of Italy . ( Applause . ) And still Americans doubt that we are on the eve of a terrible revohvion , and they ask what use can I make of any material aid , when Italy is a barrel of powder which the slighest spark can light , and Italy is the left wing of that army of Liberty of which Hungary is the right . * ( Applause and cheers . ) In respect to foreign rule Gerareny » more fortunate than Italy . From the times of
tbe treaty of Verdun , when it separated from France and Iraly , through the long period of more than a thousand year ? , no foreign power ever has succeeded to rule over ( Jencany , such is the resistive power of the German people to guard * Its national existence . The tyrants who swayed over them were of their own blood . But to subdue German liberty those tyrants were always anxious to introduce foreign institutions . First they swept away tbe ancient Germanic right—this common law , so dear to the English and American—this eternal barrier against tbe encroachments of despotism , and substituted for it the iron rule of the imperial Roman law . Aud again , when the French , under their Emperor , whoso genius comprehend everything except freedom , extended then * moral sway over Germany , when the princes of Germany thronged around tbe foreign despot , begging kingly crowns from tho son of tbe Corsican lawyer , with whom tbe Emperors were happy to form matrimonial alliances—with the man who had no Other
ancestors than bis genius—then it was again the people , which did not join in the degradation of its rulers , but , jealous to maintain tbeir national independence , turned the foreigner out . though his name was Napoleon . Other nations , now and then , were great by some great men—tbe German people was always great by itself . ( Applauie . ) But the German princes cannot bear independence and liberty ; they had rather themselves become slaves , tbe underlings of the'Czar , than to allow that their people should enjoy soma liberty . An alliance was therefore formed , which tbey blasphemously called tbe holy alliance—«? ith the avowed purpose to keep the people down . Rather than to acknowledge tbe rights of Hungary , they bowed before the Czar , and gave up the independence of the Austrian throne ; tbey became the underlings of a
forei-m power , rather tiian allow that one of the peoples of the European Continent should become free . Since tbo fall of Hungary , Russia is the real Sovereign of all Germany ; for the first time Germiny has a foreign master ! and yon believe that Germany will bear that iu the Nineteenth Century which it never yet has borne . Bear that in her manhood which it never has borne in its childhood . Soon after , and through the fill of Hungary , the pride of Prussia was humiliated . Austrian garrisons occupied Hamburg , Schleswig-IIoIsteiu -was abandoned , Hessia was chastised , and al ! that is dear to the Germans purposely affronted . Their dreams of greatness , their longing for unity , their aspirations of liberty , were trampled down into the dnst , and ridicule was thrown upon every elevation of mind , npon every rerelation of patriotism . HassenpSug ,
convicted of forgery by tbe Prussian Courts , became Minister in Ilessla , the once out-Jawed Scbwarzenberg . and Bach , a renegade Republican , Ministers of Austria . The churchyard piece of oppression , which tyrants , under the namo of order , are trying to enforce upon the world , has for its guardians bat out-iawed reprobates , forgers and renegades . ( Auylause . ) Gentlemen , the German Princes bow before the Czar , but the German people will never bow before biro . ( Applause . ) Let me sum up tne philosophy of the present condition of Germany in these few words : 1 S 4 S and ' 49 hare proved tbat the little tyrants i'f Germany cannot stand by themselves , bat only " by tbeir reliance upon Austria and Prussia . These again , cannot stand by themselves , but only by tbeir reliance upon Russia , lake this reliance away , bv maintaining tbe laws of nations against the principle of interference—and the joint powers
ofAmenca and England can maintain them —( applause )—and all the despotic Governments , rodeced to stand by their own resources of power , must fall before the never yet subdued spirit of the people of Germany , like rotten fruit touched by a gale . ( Applause . ) Lit me now speak about the condition of my own dear native land . ( Cheers and prolonged applause . ) Kossuth then proceeded to review the several classes of tbe Hungarian people , and showed tbat from tbe sentiments of patriotism and duty , and eren from self-interest one and all of his people are tho inexorable enei . ies to Austrian rale . He tbea proceeded to trace tbe course of the Hungarian Revolution , and showed the benefits it conferred npon the peopl * without injury to any class . He then proceeded to speak of "Turkey , the country of municipal
institutions , tbe country of religious toleration . ( Applause . ) Turkey , -when it extended its sway over Transylvania and half of Hungary , never interfered with the way in which tbe inhabitants chose to govern themselves : she allowed even that those who lived witbin her dominions , collected there tbe taxes voted by independent Hungary , with tbo aim to make war against tbe Porte . While in the other parts of Hungary , Protestantism was oppressed by the Austrian policy , and the Protestants several times compelled to take np arms for tbe defence of religious liberty in Transylvania , under the sovereignty of tbe Porte , the Unitarians got political rights , and Protestantism grew np under the protecting wings of the Ottoman power . The respect for municipal institutions is so deeply rooted in the minds of the Turks , that at the time when they became masters of
the Dauubiaa provinces of Moldavia and Wattachia , tbey voluntarily excluded themselves from all political rights in the newly acquired provinces , and up to the present day , they do not allow tbat a morque should be built , that a Turk should dwell and o » n landed property across tbe Danube . They do not interfere with the taxation ot wita the internal administration of these provinces ; and the last Organic law of tbe Empire , tbe Tanzimst , is nothing but the re-declaration of tbe rights of municipalities , guaranteeing them against the centralising encroachment of the Pachas . "While Czir Nicholas is about to convert the Protestant population of Livonia and EsUand , by force and by alluring promises , to the Greek Church , the liberal Sultan , Abdul
Medjid , grants full religious liberty to all sects of Protestantism . Kossuth then proceeded to review and contrast the Turkish and Russian Empires , ss regards their present position and power , and showed that Turkey had recovered from the disasters she had experienced pravious t-j 1 S 30 . Twenty-four years ago Turkey was believed to be ia a decaying state ; it is now stronger than it has been for the last hundred ; yoars . After some further observations relative to Russia , Kossuth said , I am often told , let only the time come when tbe Republican banner is unfurled in the Old World , then we shall see what America will do . ( Applause . Cries of "Yes . " ) Well , ° entlemen , your aid mar come too late to be rendered beneficial .
Jiememner 4 t > and ' 49 . This is mv last meeting Whatever may be my fate , so much I can sav , that the name of Boston and Massachusetts will remain a dear word and a dear name , not only to me but to my people for all time . And whatever my fate , I wilt , with the last breath of my life , raise the prayer to God that he may biess you , and bless your cuy and bless your country , and bless all your land for all tbo coming time and to the end of time ; that your freedom ' , and prosperity may still develop and grow fTJ ^ fL , ? ^ *? u '! J ' a ,, d that ° " g'OfJ abould be added to tie s- ' ory which you already bavl ; the glory ^ L ^ i " ^ ' % wMJMn America , may unite with her SL Jhn C f Ple ! , the Pri ? ^ ! e of chri * tian brotherly love ^ ?^ ofamiI . y _ f ^ Uons ; and so mav she become tha
word to von in ? " * J * tf rtL Th * » * F ^ well £ hl £ , ' ( £ heers and entbusiasiic applause . ) Vhen Kossuth was conducted through the Hall tbe f ^ f ^ Tf ^ PreT ailed « tbe ° cf owdat The door was so great that the comm ttee , himself and suite were Obliged to remain h , the ante-cbamW for aeon " ueX St ^ ThDS eDded the kst KossuVSing t
E The Star Of Freedom. .
e THE STAR OF FREEDOM . .
I^W-Scrr Amcx A Nat.-The Civil Tribunal ...
I ^ w-scrr AMcx a nAT .-The Civil Tribunal of Chateau Thierry has lately bad a rather singular case brought before it ; the object in dispute being neither more nor less tha " tbe bat worn by he Emperor Napoleon in the Russian " rUffi * « ^ eIlC f l - e emPeror fel 1 int ° the possession of the late M . Evrard , his valet-de-cbambre , and the litiyj ^ ft ^ 'Ftt l °£ ^ h of the family who demand tbat it shall be sold with the other property , and the proceeds go into a common fund for division . Counsel S-nu x . s w f , beard , and the court , after a short deliberation , decided that the bat should not be sold with Sf ? ° ^ o ^ ° f ^ . tyleft b / the *¦»»* . toit be put np for nmahTuffi te memhers ° tbe family themselves , and be effected . P 0 £ SSSS 10 a 0 f the wi < W mm that shou , d nu * i !; Adied l ? t ely at Cumberland-terrace , Regent ' so & SiK annuitie 3 of £ 25 « " & to * grey « s 5 e atvd is § if 4 i 70 m o ! Geraans wh 0 arriTed at Sew York '
©Osmmiratita ≪83i«≫Rocfe
© osMMiratita < 83 i «> rocfe
23~ We Ahull Bs Glad To Leceive Report* ...
23 ~ We ahull bs glad to leceive Report * of Progress from Managers or Secretaries of Co-operative Associations aud Stores , iu England , Ireland , Scotland and Wales .
The Wobeincr Tailobs ¦ Association Londo...
WOBEINCr TAILOBS ¦ ASSOCIATION LONDON . ( Br irs latb Secretary . ) A CHAPTER TOWARD THE ASSOCIATIVE HISTORY * CDNCLTJSIO" . At the conclusion of our last , we bad arrived at tbe virtual dissolution and reformation of the Castle St . Association . Tbe Cooper-haters—for I cannot call them Cooperators—who had been ejected by the votes of their own fellow-worker , never let slip an opportunity of reviling the Association , and especially its Manager , whom they denounced as a tyrant ; they did not gain much public
sympathy , however , and were soon lost sight of , though not before tbey bad succeeded in prejudicing some of the working men against the Association and its Manager . Some few of them held together and formed a new Association , appointing tbe leader of them to be their Manager—poor fellow I One could not base ptayed a worse punishment for him , or a more unfortunate benefaction to fall upon him ! They did not cling together long , but broke up , calling each other sorry names ; and poor Benny ! he was denounced worse than Cooper . Many false statements were circulated regarding tbeir leaving the Working Tailors ' Association none more damaging than the one averring that they bad been robbed of the fruits of tbeir accumulated labour : which was simply a lie . ' Seeing that each
man received his full share of the profits earned while he was a member , over and above his weekly earnings , leaving the Association—worth about as much as its liabilities amounted to ! Various ttatesments of this kind were sent to the Press ; among other journals I may mention the " Leader , " tbe " Northern Star , " "Eliza Cook ' s Journal , " & c . ; these were received with caution . The various Editors applied to us at the Association for our report of the affair , which we furnished , so that they had both versions to judge by ; in each case , save one , this had the effect ol determining them not to publish it in print . The one illustrious exception was Mr . Ernest Jones . At this time be bad began to manifest his strange , unwarranted , and suicidal opposition to the Co-operative Movement . Without
consulting Walter Cooper , or any other parties connected with tbe Association—without knowing anything oi the quarrel or the men , save from a Mr . Harris , one of the ejected , Mr . E . Jones inserted in his journal ( the "Notes of the People" ) all tbe atrocious lies and dastardly insinuations which tbat worthy furnished him with , without inquiring as to their veracity , or caring for their trustworthiness . How unlike the honourable conduct oi the Editors previously mentioned 1 And this from a presumed friend of the working classes ! aud because we did not think it worth while to reply to the malignant mis-representations , and dastardly lies of that despicable Harris , Mr . Jones endowed them , and proclaimed them to be true . So tbat it followed , tbat any infamous statement made in bis paper , which might be thought too vile and contemptible for
denial in the coloumns of the "Christian Socialist , " must inevitably he true . Excellent Logic ! " A Daniel come to judgment . " And why were Mr . Harris ' s statements not replied to ? Because , at Castle-Street , be was known for a drunken and disreputable person . The last time he had been seen there he was in a beastly state of intoxication ; which supplied him with tbe courage (?) necessary to bally and insult . Such was tbe man whose statements Mr . Ernest Jones printed , and whose cause he undertook to champion . But , this was only on a par with the whole of tbat person ' s proceedings with regard to tbe Co-operative Movement . Again and again did he make tbe most reckless assertions ; and in spite of all the evidence adduced and adducible to the contrary , he ignored tbe facts , and still gave forth bis version for the genuine one , heedless of how much such conduct might injure his reputation for veracity I
In one place he triumphantly asserts , " I always averred tbat tbe « iy spirit of incamtft sfclfiibfless via * in yonr plan of Co-operation . " Did you ? And pray in what does this incarnate selfishness consist ? The Central Agency divides profits with its customers , and you cannot prove to the contrary , Sir ! In tbe Associations they have always shared equally , whether tbey were associates or auxiliaries ! And you cannot prove to tbe contrary , Sir ! One of the laws provides , tbat when we have repaid the borrowed Capital , one-third of our net profits , be they ever so large , shall go to tbe general Associative Fund to assist others . Now , if we bad been so utterly sslfisb , we should not bave made such earnest endeavours to pay off this Capital—first , be . cause tbat would entail upon us the givint away of a goodly
portion of our profits , for tbe benefit of others ; and , secondly , if we bad retained tbe £ 150 already rcpaiil , we might have considerably enlarged our business . Another of our laws provides , that if the Association be broken up from any other cause than insolvency , four-fifths of tbe whole property shall be given up to tbe general fund of Associations . This is a check against that grasping selfish , ness , which , on tbe principle , tbat should the skies fall , it Vf ou \ d eaten laiks , might break up tbe Association for the value of its profits , and kill the goose to get the golden egg . This is not very like tbe spirit of incarnate selfibness . And again , bow coarsely and unscrupulously Mr . E . Jones traduced the men who - took the bold initiative in the Cooperative Movement ; how be maligned their motives ; and
yet , how ignorant be was about them . He asserted tbat tbe support we bave received was , in nine cases out of ten , the concession of Thievery to Fear , and of Avarice to Ostentation ! And this was applied to tbe men who had bravely stepped from tbeir ranks the inheritors of riches and luxury , to do battle for trampled Labour , and in its name challenge Competition , tbe Goliab of Capital , to combat!—This was applied to the men who had given ns tbe band of brotherhood on tbe common ground of our humanity , and nobly and resolutely set about realising tbe schemes they cherished for our emancipation and redemption !—This was applied to tbe men whom hundreds of tbe working men of London had learned to know and to love , and whom Mr . E . Jones did not know ! Is ' not such conduct calculated to disgust
tbe men who may bave put their band to the good work , and to impede for years the reign of those glorious ideas which we yet think to translate into actual every-day life-Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity ? Why , such policy and action as this of Mr . E . Jones could not possibly triumph , unless the rest of the nation were exterminated , and be and bis clique were left alone in their glory ; when they would inevitable devour each other ! I cannot glean from the writings of Mr . Ernest Jones that he has any honest and tangible complaint to substantiate against this Co-operative Movtmrat—w > earnest desire to set it tight wherein it may bave been wrong , ner any competent plan for doing so ' ; on the contrary , be has been only too eager to propagate any falsehood , still clinging to it when refuted . He has seized
upon the moat miserable pretences to attack it , and put the most squinting constructions upon our words and actions , with the most palpable intent to damage and to damn . He would marshal a brilliant array of magniloquent words and sounding sentences ; bat as for tbe matter of any clear thought , he would continually fly off at a tangent Now , this epileptic style , or hysterical sublime , won't do with uswe have bad a surfeit of it—its a "departed coon , " depend upon it ; for other talent is demanded for the discussion of oar plans and principles , which have to be wrought out with calm fore-thought and wise consideration , in the light of all onr past experiences , and oar Movement is not manned
and worked by men with whom bombastic balderdash , and blustering bravado is at all likely to be successful . Old Chartists and Socialists , farther-seeing , farther-reaching , than Mr . Jones , perhaps , are to be found in the present Co-operative Movement—indeed , tbe very flower and chivalry of English Democratic workmen , not yet fossilised in tbe political stag . nation , are there , grasping the means within tbeir more immediate reach , for the enfranchisement of tbeir class ; and so far from their not seeing the utility of Political Reform , I dare aver , tbat tbey best comprehend the value and necessity of such Reform , in effecting the Social Revolution they are engaged in .
On looking round for tbe cause of Mr . E . Jones ' s senseless attacks on this Movement , one might be led to imagine tbat he found it was encroaching upon tbe domains of those ag itators , who bare no wish for agitation to end , as their occupation would be gone , and that tbe means of livelihood were daily diminishing , did we not know tbat Mr . EJones was none of these . If it had been O'Connor , for instance , who bad to get np an agitation on purpose to sell his paper , we might really tbink this was the fact . But in tbe case of Mr . Jones we are at a loss to lay our band on tbe incentive to bis opposition . Nevertheless , in spite of internal quarrels—ia spite of tbe obstacles which new idea ! always have to encounter—in spite of the sneers and attacks of enemies , and tbe falling off of friends—in spite of molestation and cahimnv—and in spite of tbe abuse and mis .
representation of Mr . E . Jones , the Working Tailors' Association , and the Co-operative Movement generally , bave been eminently successful—far more so than was anticipated at starting . At the end of the first year , the Castle-street Association bad done business to tbe amount of four thousand pounds and upwaids ; and at the end of the second yaar it bad doubled tbat amount ; thus having turned over the Capital which it started with , some twenty-four times in twenty-four months which shows a rapid stroke of business Meanwhile , the men bave had the advantage of good wages , steady work , and of being tbeir own masters . The average weekly wages of the London tailors , according to the last census taken , was 24 s . ( id ., the avecage of the men in Castle-street has been 23 s ., which , with tbe inestimable benefit of clean and healthy workshops , demonstrates the immense superiority of Co-operation over Competition .
The Wobeincr Tailobs ¦ Association Londo...
Looking , then , upon what has been done , and the blessings conferred unon hundreds by Associations for production and distribution * we cannot join with those who assert that nothing can be done until the political devolution be first accomplished . Doubtless , tbat ffonld be tbe greatest leverage the people could obtain for the working out of the Social Revolution , if tbey knew what tbey wanted , and possessed sufficient unitv to obtain it . But let us not decry any honest attempt to " emancipa te even the few from the grinding tyranny of Capital-any such movement is better than apathetic suffering and deadly stagnation . Gerald Masse *
Central Co- Operative Agency. The Busine...
CENTRAL CO- OPERATIVE AGENCY . The business of the Agency is going on most favourably , tbe principalinconvenience being the want of sufficient room in the premises now occupied for carrying on those operations , rendered necessary by thenatnreof thebnsiness . To ? ecure purity in the articles prepared by tbe Agency , such as coffee , cocoa , spices , & c , it is necessary tbey should be ground and prepared on the premises , as it would be most dangerous to entrust them for preparation to those who are ordinarily employed for that purpose . To do this efficiently , now that the business of tbe Agency has so increased , requires steam power ; and on tbe premises at
present occupied , there is no room to erect a steam engine . "When premises of sufficient size are secured , the Agency will not only be enabled to execute orders with increased efficiency , but also to manufacture many articles , such as pickles and sauces , which they are now compelled to sell without being able to guarantee tbeir freedom from adulteration . Mr . Jones having been invited to explain the principle and method of the Co-operative business in a few of tho largo provincial towns , would be glad to receive intimation from such other places as may be desirable to avail themselves of bis services . Letters addressed to the Agency will be attended to .
Halifax Working Man's Co-Operative Socie...
HALIFAX WORKING MAN'S CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY . ' We have been favoured with the Report of the Board of Management of this Co-operative Society for the half year ending May 1 , 1852 , and regret that we have not space to print it in full . We are glad to glean from it that accounts have been continued with the Central Agency , the Salford Hatters , the Working Printers' Association , the Rochdale and Bradford Societies , tho Whit Lane Company , and tbe Bacup Stock Joint Society , whilst new accounts have been opened with the Preston Gingham Company , and tho London Needle Women ' s Association .
The Treasurer s statement showsa total of £ 1 , 873 ISs . Od . as tbe receipts of the Store , being an average of £ 72 Is . 5 d . per week . Tbe gross profit on the half-year's business is £ 179 0 s . 7 R , which , after deducting all trading expenses , cost of management , rent , and other items of outlay , leave £ 74 . 17 s . 0 } d . as the net profit . The balance in favour of the Society is now £ 94 lis . 6 d . Their business and members are on the increase . During the half-year now expired there has been an addition of twenty-six members to our Society , and a withdrawal of four , leaving tbe present number nominally 298 . In conclusion , the Board of Management exhorts tbe members to " continue steadfast in the cause to which you are by this experiment committed ' : knowing that your labour will not be in vain in the holy work of the social and political elevation , and ultimate emancipation of your class . "
Co-Operative League. At Tbe Last Meeting...
CO-OPERATIVE LEAGUE . At tbe last meeting of this body , at tbe Craven Hotel , Strand , Tansittart Neale , Esq ., in the chair , Mr . Nash read a paper upon the Equitable Labour Exchange , established in Gray ' s Inn-road in 1832 , upon the suggestion of Mr . Owen . Ho read part of the report of the committee upon which the scheme was commenced , and expressed his confidence in tbe practicability of such a scheme , notwithstanding the want of success which had formerly attended it . He traced the cause of that want of success , in great part , to the , too small amount of capital on which the institution was commenced . £ 2 , 000 had been named , but only £ 600 waa subscribed , and of this , nearly £ 300 was absorbed in payment of arrears of ground rent . There were , however , other difficulties . The notes which
served as a medium of exchange , and which at first were at a premium , gradually fell to a discount , from the want of a suffieent choice of articles . The goods brought for exchange gradually changed their character from goods in which the material were worth more than labour , to those in which the labour was worth more than tbo material . Much injury was done also from spurious places—Exchanges which arose up and created distrust of the system . Yet , goods to the estimated value of £ 11 , 140 passed through it during the six months of its existence , and the value of the goods deposited for exchange , as well as of the exchanges effected , continually increased , whilo to consumers it effected an immense saving by striking off a vast amount of intermediate profit . Mr . Lloyd Jones expressed bis opinion that , to such an
exchange , tbe introduction of articles of food was requisite to keep the notes at a premium , and that part of the payment ought to be in cash . Mr . Saull stated , difficulties from articles of food being wanted so much more frequent than others , the baker would be overpowered with articles which he did not want . Mr . P . Worsley answered this difficulty by showing that a coat or a table was worth many loaves . Mr . Stiles stated another difficulty , in tbe want of persons sufficiently skilled in tbe value of articles . Again , inthe want of cash being taken to pay the commission . Mr . Neale called attention to the two principles involved in the Labour Exchange : the bringing the producer and consumer face to face , getting rid of unnecessary intermediate dealers , and the introduction of the labour note , or medium of Exchange , which was liable to be
depreciated by the want of a sufficiently wide sphere . In itself he considered the labour note a mere philosophical medium , though in the labour exchange it was necessarily imperfect , because one man ' s hour of labour could not bo valued at tbe same rate as another , whose labour , though not more useful , was in general society more highly paid . Dr . Travis doubted whether much benefit could bo effected by any partial remedies . It was necessary to form a complete Association , and only the heads would be needed to govern . Mr . Fleming would not be discouraged by past failures . They were experiences by which we could benefit . He thought that it would be possible to systematise a centre of Exchange from which great good might come . Though it might be a question whether we were not at a point at which we could realise a more perfect establishment . After some remarks from Mr . R . Cooper the meeting adjourned .
Cut Wobkiso Taixors' Association. — We U...
Cut Wobkiso Taixors' Association . — We understand tbat a Working Tailors' Association ( in connexion with the establishment in Castle-street , } bas been opened at 23 , Cullum-street Fenchurch-street ,
Tower Hamlets Election. It Is With Great...
TOWER HAMLETS ELECTION . It is with great pleasure we record the eminently successful progress of William Newton ' s candidature , and , with joyful hope , look forward to the time when he shall be hailed as the Democratic Champion of Labour in what should be tbe Commons House of Parliament . Not a question affecting either Capital or Labour tbat be is not thoroughly acquainted with . The return , therefore , of such a man to Parliament would reflect the highest honour on those who possessed tho good sense and spirit to elect him . William Newton has held upwards of forty meetings witbin the limits of this extensive borough . In the great majority of these meetings a unanimity unparalleled as to bis fitness as a representative prevailed . In tbe remainder , tbe minority was the most miserably small in tbe annals of electioneering contests . A number far above 3 , 000 of the electors bave already signed tbe requisition inviting him to become their representative . This number includes men of all shades of religious opinion—all men who wish for free altars and happy homes , and men of Democracy of every degree—that is to say , all stern good men , bent on real
freedom for their fellow men in the shortest possible time . With such support and such influence , all that is required to ensure triumphant success is , first , that the electors and non-electors , men aud women , resident within the borough , favourable to Mr . Newton , should bring their interest to bear in his behalf ; let no elector go unsolicited—do not foar asking the same man twice , or even thrice , to the non-residents , if they possess influence in the borough , Ut then wield it unsparingly . Let none imagine he is too poor to do anything—even tbe poorest can help . Let the question be agitated in the cellar , the garret , on the shop-board , tbe stool , in tbe workshop , and the factory . Let subscriptions be everywhere raised—whether of pounds , shillings , or pence ; for rememkor the battle cannot be fought without cost ; and as Democracy , Labour , Civil and Religious Liberty , hope to receive the reward , so should their advocates find the sinews of war , and thus help the electors of the Hamlets to gain the signal victory of returning William Newton to Parliament . Let this be done , and victory is sure !
A Railway Cashier Accused Of Embezzediek...
A Railway Cashier Accused of Embezzedieki . —On Monday , George Scott , lato a cashier in the service of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company , was charged at the Manchester Borough Court with having left the company ' s service with £ 80 , the property of bis employers in his possession . The prisoner was head cashier at the Oldham-road station , and it was bis duty to pay into tho bank , on account of the company , tho money which he received from the cash clerk . On Friday last , the prisoner asked Mr . George Cockerham , the cash clerk of the goods department , if he had any money , and received £ 80 from him , of which £ 30 was in silver , and the remainder in notes and gold . It was tbo prisoner ' s duty to balance his
cash every ten days , or every fortnight , and to enter all sums as soon as they were paid to him . It had been discovered , prowous to bis obtaining tbe £ 80 , that there was a deficiency in his accounts . On the safe being opened in the evening , it was found tbat the £ 80 was not there . The sum was not entered eitber in tho pass-book or tbe cashbook of tbe prisoner . There was a total deficiency in tho prisoner ' s books of £ 290 , in addition to the £ 80 . The prisoner was apprehended at the Camden Station , in London , at five o ' clock on Saturday morning , wben £ 78 19 s . 3 d ^ was found upon him . The prisoner , in defence , said the charge of deficiency in his accounts was ono which had been existing for about three years , aad was well known to tbe company . Ho was remanded for a week .
States' Jhtteutgence
States' JhtteUtgence
Us- The Secretaries Of Trades' Unions An...
US- The Secretaries of Trades' Unions and otbet bodies associated to protect and advance the into r ° i tT * $ ° J > gs by forwarding reports of Trades ' Meetings , Strikes , and other information a & ecuug . tne social position of the "Working Classes . °
National Association Of United Trades. 2...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . 259 , Toltenham-court-rorid , London , " fiat jesnm . " " If it were possible for the working classes , by combining among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished , hut to be welcomed and rejoiced at . *'—Stvjabt Mai , In consequence of the unanimous decision of tbe Trades in connexion with the Association that the usual Annual Conference should be postponed to a future period , the formal and official business required by the constitution to be transacted was proceeded with on Whit-Monday . G . A . Fleming , Esq ,, Pre . sident , in tho chair .
The Secretary ( Mr . Peel ) read letters from the Trades connected with the Association in the followingplaces : —Manchester , Ashtonunder-Lyne , "Wigan , Heywood , Stockport , Todmordeu , Wolverhampton , Northwich , Birmingham , Walsall , Darlaston , & c , & c . Special general meetings of the above Trades had been held , at which votes had been unanimously passed , tbat the present Central Committee should be re-elected ior the ensuing year , and that G . A . Fleming , Esq ., be solicited to accept the office- of President .
Mr . Fleming- stated , that he would accept the appointment with pleasure until the next Conference ; by which time he hoped some gentleman , possessing similar public influence with the late President , might be induced to accept the honorary appointment . But as he had always been most desirous , and had , as far as was in his power , contributed to promote the objects of tbe Association , be should not hesitate , under its present peculiar circumstances , to continue his services , in accordance with the desire of the members so unanimously expressed ; and he trusted tbat before tbe expiration of another year tho Association would assume that position which the excellency of its objects , and the perseverance of its Executive , so fairly entitled it . The Secretary then brought up tho Annual Report , which was read , adopted , and ordered to be printed and circulated forthwith . The Cash Balance Sheet for the past year was also brought up , and ordered to be audited . The Conference then adjourned to Wednesday , to receive the report of tbe auditor .
Widnksday , June 2 . —The Conferenca reassembled , and after correspondence was read from Nottingham , Wolverhampton , Northwich , Manchester , & c ., tlie auditor ' s report was brought up and received . It was then resolved : — " That this Conference , on behalf of the Trades in connexion with the Association , has to express its unfeigned regret at the resignation of its late President , T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P . The zealous , unremitting , and generous exertions of that gentleman , from the first formation of tbe Association to the period of his withdrawal , pre-eminently entitle him to tho heartfelt and lasting gratitude of the working classes of Great Britain , as the fearless and independent champion of the Rights of Labour ; and this
Conference , in recording its thanks for his great and valuable services , desires , at the same time , to express its hope that be will long be spared to servo the country at largo in the parliamentary career to which he has declared his intention of exclusively devoting himself in future . " " That in the name , and on behalf of the members of the National Association , the best thanks of this Conference are given to tbo proprietors and editors of tbe ' Star of Freedom , '' The People ' s Paper , ' ' Reynolds ' s Newspaper , ' ' The Leader , '' Glasgow Sentinel , ' and the' Wolverhampton Herald , ' for the valuable support rendered to this Association during tbe past year , by tbe gratuitous insertion of its reports , and their generally favourable notices of its operations . "
" That the thanks of this Conference be tendered to O . A . Fleming , Esq ., for the able support he has so long and steadfastly rendered to th * Association , not only by his official connexion , but by the services he has conferred through his connexion with the Presa ; and by his ready and generous acceptance of the off ce of President of tho Association for the ensuing year . " " That the grateful thanks of the National Association of United Trades be given to the members , individually and collectively , of the London Central Defence Committee , and its provincial auxiliaries , for their noble ,
continuous , and disinterested exertions on behalf of the members of the Central Committee , so unjustly prosecuted and imprisoned with tbo Wolverhampton Tin Plate Workers , for their spirited endeavours to uphold the rights of British industry . And this Conference further expresses its earnest hope that that Committco will not finally separate without making some efforts to impress their constituents with the importance and absolute necessity of a more intimate connexion between the Trades of this country , for purposes of mutual defence against the tyrannical encroachments of Capital . June 3 rd , Wm . Peel , Sec .
Weavers' Kt1uk.E—The Two Loom System, An...
WEAVERS' KT 1 UK . E—THE TWO LOOM SYSTEM , AND REDUCTION OF WAGES . The manufacturers of the Keighley and Bingley districts seem determined , despite of all reason , to introduce the two-loom system into those districts . The weavers , on the other band , seem to have a very clear idea of the consequence which must ensue to themselves from the general adoption of this system , throwing , as it will , one half of tbe people out of employment , arid , as a necessary consequence , reducing the wages of the otbor half . In consequence of this strike succeeds strike , hitherto with the most abundant success , so far as putting a stop to the system , goes , though at an immense sacrifice of time and money . Within the last few weeks , no fewer than seven strikes have taken place ; in fire of which the weavers have been
victorious—namely , Ellis and Holmes , of Bingley ; and Jones , Sharp , and Son , of-the same place ; Mr . Clapham , of Wilsden ; Mr . Haggas and Sons , of Keighley ; and Messrs . Merall and Brothers , of llawortb . The weavers of Mr . G . Hattersley , of Keighley , are now out on strike against a reduction of fifteen per cent , on their present wages , and the introduction of the two-loom system . The weavers of Messrs . Butterfield , Brothers , of Hawortb , are out against the same system , accompanied with a similar reduction of wages . Though the weavers have hitherto been victorious , their loss must liavo been immense . Tbo weavers of Mr . Witwortb , of Halifax , are out on strike against the same system , and are parading the streets in hundreds .
Shipwrecks And- Accidents At Sea. Two Sh...
SHIPWRECKS AND- ACCIDENTS AT SEA . Two Ships Lost in the Ice . —Letters were brought by the Europa steamer , communicating the loss of two vessels in the ice . The intelligence was made known by the master of the Lady Bannerman , of Prince Edward ' s Island , which had been locked in the ice all the winter off Margaree and Chatioantb . While off the latter place be observed a large ship in the ice , about twenty miles from land , and with part of his crew and some persons from the shore , started for tbe wreck . After a tedious and dangerous pas . sage over the drifting ico , they succeeded in reaching tbe spot , and discovered the vessel to bo the Aberdeen , of Liverpool , about 800 tons burthen , bound to Quebeo . There was no person on board , and all the boats belonging to her were gone , leaving tho party to suppose that the orew bad taken them and were safe . About five miles from where the Aberdeen lay , tbey observed another vesael ; she was a schooner embedded in tho ice . Devon , Sticknoy , from Liverpool , which arrived at St . John , N . B ., on May 10 , had thrown anchorschainsand
, , part of cargo overboard , lost bulwarks , and received other damage during a gale . Margaret , Burn , with coals and sheet lead , bound to Cronstadt , got on shore yesterday , during a thick fog , near Ihornbye , and has three feet of water in the hold ; part of the coals and lead have been saved , and hopes are entertained of Rotting tbe vessel off . —Hjorring , May 22 . Yrow Grietjo , Pot . from Liverpool to Narva , was abandoned on May 20 , in Lit . 50 N ., Ion . 7 W „ with pumps ehokod , and in » sinking slate ; crew and a female saved by tho boats of the Oiomonco , arrived hero from Antwerp , blowing a gale at the time . —Liverpool , May 29 . nVl ^ nl ^ ' » , ut m tons . ran ashore on the ft ? ' SSTI * ^ iSO ^ -Uwtiwol , May 31 . Duke , Welch , from Mobile for Liverpool , was lost on the west end of the Great Bahamas , April 14 . —This vessel on a ffr wUK ° t" ? V and on , y 900 out of tho 4 , 000 bales of SoSrAjr ?! B W 3 S laden ' mald b 0 S ^ ed .
-Wfer" r-umph , Cookson , with coals for Hamburg , got aground on the rooks of Candy Island , at Heligoland , on the 26 ftb , S ^ nlrV . V ! t 00 k ^ istonee , but filled and was abandoned next day ; crew saved . -Cuxhaven , May 28 .
!«S Iu 9 Weav ' Ng - ~An Extraordinary F...
!« S IU WEAV ' - ~ An extraordinary feat at band-£ ¦?«» . JV P , formed bere last week by a young woman named Ann Malcolm , who wrought two thirty porter £ rl p / u h tff ? , ve 8 PindIf * and three hesps of weft 3 Hf „ i ° , th et r aN twenty-five aud a balfspindles , and the length of the two 240 mill ells . The money price in w ru r tr . W 8 S £ 1 2 s . 4 d „ being Us . 2 d . for each of them . This is a feat , p erhaps , never performed by either man or woman in this place , and will no doubt stand in a favourable position alongside of the feats of that powerful EcfS ^ ° h ^ momplishei in six days .-
Tbep . Tmm m BiUDFoim .-According to tho " Bradford Observer ' of May 27 tb , the total number of paupers , as set down in tho report of the Board of Guardians , was on the previous Friday , in-door , 200 ; outdoor , 2 , 327 , Total '« o » o » J * ir tllQ number in the corresponding w eek i 7 S \ , ? much for " cheap bread , high wages , and plenty to do •' -Correspondksi : Ihe Royal Agricultural Society oi England are to bold their county meeting , for 1853 , at Gloucester . '
!«S Iu 9 Weav ' Ng - ~An Extraordinary F...
THE COLLIERY EXPI ^ S ^ On Friday the adjourned ^ n lv . ^ rencewas held at the Royal o £ n } * fe Wu )/ 1 Palmer , the coroner , and a ^ Sff ?' ^^ empanelling of tbe jury , t wTZh ^ ' W , ?' named Partington and Yatea , have bJ" * ' WetL « &^^«^^ . ! 5 iSifS Mr . Briggs , solicitor , of Bolton Wa * , ^ ^ oeedings on behalf of the propriety 0 fT ched «* ,, „ Dickenson , Inspector of Coal Mine , ? w 2 . i ' ° err - \?" . Thomas Smith , one of the flreL ?/ ° » eaj a „ fr * h duty to examine the LI ^ ff * «*> where the explosion took place , J «„ ° Jr he ' % * pj men commenced work , and if b £ j "? ^ S . K' ^ sTd ^^
ana arawers to find thenselres w h h * thB « Wl £ twenty minutes to five o ' clock oTthe moSn ^ ' , * * inst , on wh . ch day the casualty toolc nla ? , ° lh « 2 the bottom works in the New Pit „ T ° ' ^ * W places quantities of ga 8 i ffhich satisfied hmll l ? - H men to stay till he authorised them to go 0 2 « » some of the men who had to work neartl eB ' ^ % weredangerou * . He told them « , « t J a " ' ^ work unless they had lamns . on ^ IJ ! Tl d ° < rq .
gaa , and , having to go to another part of th ?& ce bis son , a drawer , « the shunt , & warn the In ^ was done ; but the men replied that they ? eJ ? " T & at to the shunt below , where it was perfectly 2 i ' 8 ° « to Mr . J . Ellis the underlooker , and toldhfof 1 ^ camstnee of there being gas in the place »» % «• ecit ' that the men must not work . He aK ^ lS ! k ' *« with naked candles , and told them that ihevmir « ?* mence work without lamps . He then wmSnSL * otthe pit on other business , believing that thl m had to work near the dangerous pillars had on fl . ^ about an hour and a-haif from the time of hi J IT k first batrh of men , tbe explosion occurred . and be S'i cully escaped . " , mw Dew > tMifB . Tbe witness was cross-examined at length — u :, «• ,, tended to show that he bad warned the men ' o / La nce but tbey rashly resolved to enter tha mine . n w Mr . Dickenson , inspector , gave a descri ption of « ,. , hery and his evidence perfectly coincided with & ' to the cause of t he explosion , viz ., that Zenf ? IM bad been working with naked candles . ° the ^
Henry Holden , a drawer , confirmed the stutPm ^ i , Smith as to bs having forbidden the me owokwl ! lamps , and said E that Bome of them got lamps but « „ a Sfs , ! fs came t 0 ^ wbiIe 5 we ^ and told them to go up , as it was not fit to work j ? ( witness ) put on bis clothes immediately and left the ol . ? . occurred . " ^ t 0 the b ° tt 0 m ° th 6 8 haft the ex S »» i . ? ° M ner S ? id ' P erfe ( % clew that there wt , no oie to blame in this case . The unfortunat e menh brought destruction upon themselves by their own conduct by acting contrary to the orders of tbe foreman . Their « , ' diet could be np other than one of accidental death . The jury retired and consulted for a few minutes , and thai returned a verdict of " Accidental death . "
FATAL COAL PIT ACCIDENT NEAR ROCHDALE . An accident , which caused tbe death of two persons , occurred last week at the Captain Told Colliery , near Ileywood , in the townshi p of Castleton . On that day the waters of the river Roche , which runs through tbe estate adjoining the colliery , buret into some old workings , and tbe pressure became so great as to break down the barriers between them and the Captain Yold CoUiwyj ^ 'f is worked ut thirty
by the Heywood Coal Company . Abo persons were then in the pit , but all , except thr « e , succeeded ia escaping unhurt . The pumps were set to "so « , , but it was four hours before tbe water could be «]«««¦ ¦ One of tbe sufferers narrowly escaped drowning , being shut up by the water iu a place where the force of the atoflJ * phericair kept bac the water aoasto allow brwttnjf g space . The dead bodies of bis brother , Daniel H « fW » J j aged thirteen years , and Robert Kershaw , a single man , » F twenty-five years , were taken out afterwards .
The «• New No. 2 Pit'" According To Thei...
New No . '" according to their usual custom , to exarama the state of the air iu the mine . At the bottom of the shaft Watmough and Smith separated , tbe lattet going to the southern part of tbe working , and Witmonth taking those to tbe north . After examining all those por . tions of the pit in which the men had to work , and finding the air in the workings all perfectly safe , he returned to its shunt where the colliers were in waiting , and reported tbat all was right , upen which they proceeded to tbeir work , One of the colliers , named Richard Booth , on passing Wat . mouth , observed that it was unlucky to start work on a
the «• 2 Pit ANOTHER ACCIDENT AT COPPULL . On Thursday morning another explosion took place in the above colliery , by which four men have been seriously injured , the recovery of two of them being doubtful . Th 8 explosion took place at tbe same hour as on the former occasion , in the " Old Coppull pit , " the north-eastern portion of the workings of the colliery , running in an opposite direction from that in which last week's casualty occurred „ .. !? . mo" » "g » about five o ' clock , Thomas Smith and \\ illiam Watmough , the firem ° r , went down the mine b ? Mm li njAm XT— n n . ' i / tt .. . .... i
Friday , and he would not work on tbat day , and then went on to his working . On arriving there , his com / wiion was at work , and , remarking tbat he was not going to beein , he went towards an old working with a lighted candle in bis hand to gather up bis tools ; and , after he had been gone a few minutes , an explosion of firedamp took place , from which it would appear tbat there must bave bees an accumulation of firedamp in the place towards which be went . Watmough was at tbat time in tbe air-road , and tbe force of tbe explosion threw bim a distance of several yards . On recovering himself be immediately got the men and boys out of the workings , and sent them towards ( lie pit-mouth ; and , after procuring a light , he went up the road towards the point where the explosion had taken
place . \ Yhen he had got forward a tew yards be met two of the colliers , very much burnt , making their way to tie pit-month , and they were followed by two Isds , who were also burnt . He assisted them towards the bottom of the shunt , and when the dust and gas bad somewhat cleared away be returned along with some other of tbe workmen , and it was then found that tbe explosion had taken place in a working which bad been closed up for some time ; and , an examination being made of the whole of the workings , it was ascertained tbat four persons ( two men aud two boys ) had been injured , and tbey were conveyed borne in carts . The injuries sustained by the two men are so severe that tbeir recovery is doubtful . The names o ( the sufferers are —•
Kichard Booth , unmarried , very seriously burnt on the bead and breast . James Bannister , unmarried , also severel y burnt . William Cooper , drawer , badly burnt . Joseph Turner , drawer , badly burnt on the arms and breast . As might be expected , the greatest alarm was excited in tbe nei ghbourhood when the accident got rumoured abroad , the painful circumstances connected with tbe casualty oi last week being still so fresh in their recollection .
Savage Murder. A Bruta . " Murder Has Ju...
SAVAGE MURDER . A bruta . " murder has just been committed afctbisjF *^ ( Newport ) . On Friday night , about ten o ' clock , thrw ^ mon irora on board a ship lying in the Newport docK , ( named the Ocean Star , quarrelled on the Qaeen ' 8-pfira ^» ., low locality , chiefly resorted toby tbe seamen oft »!» » The men were the cook , named Andrew Nicbola ¦ ¦« « steward , and a seaman named Thomas Godfrey . ^^ struck each other several blows , and one or two oi . ¦ fell . The cook then ran off , and the steward and ^ IjftjJ parted . A short time after the cook went on oo «» ^ ^ ship , be appeared in an agitated state , and a ; « ju ^ changed his clothes and ran ashore again . Ho P ] L" knife , nife , towards the Queen ' s-parade , and drawing a I » rg u " 0 L j rushed towards two men who were talking near we uu ^ ^ a boardinc housekfint . hr nnn r . nnhrane . for sMW . ' . ,,
, stopped short suddenly , on coming up to them , , « r ffBJ , ffI )] hard into tbe face of one of them ( a man namea i ^ ^ and then , seeing that he was not the man he irani > ^ > ^ looked hard at the other , and finding it was the h "' "" ! , ij j whom he had just previously quarrelled , ha at ° " ^ ' aro ei aro ei desperate lunge , drove at him with the knife- i ™ wo ^ blo " raised his hand at the moment as if to evaoc w . ^ but received it on his arm . The cook fin ding tb tb frustrated , at once drew back , and then made a xm ^ unfortunate Godfrey , into whose side , below the io » ^ \ ^ be drove bis knife to a considerable depth . lfl ! r turD a e then walked off , and coolly returned to bis ship , . a ™ ^ undc into his berth as the bell struck eleven ; while tne i » [ t ( l man , shrieking and bleeding profusely , was ne | pe o >» Tt $ house of Cochrane , where he was laid on a oenw-
pohoo were directed to apprehend the cook . *«* ff , him in bed , and brought him before the dying ® a ' ^ ' recognised him distinctly , and over and . over againi ^ ^ ^ that the prisoner was the man who had » toW » a i " , Bd 0 U n , Surgeons were in attendance , who found tbat , w « & the side was fatal , and in a short time the unf ° . °% , % breathed his last . The mayor of the borough , WJ- - Davis , and Mr . J . W . Evans , magistrate , had tne r j brought before them on Saturday morning , jgJ bton 8 ) toI dence of a number of persons was taken , allof . " anDnian the charge home to the prisoner in thei moat direpr *> u > The savage fellow appears a sullen and reveng ful nyj ^ exhibited a downcast demeanour ^ S ) °± XJm ^ ings . He appeared to be a foreigner from {» , ot ] 8 lo Engliab . The mayor committed bun to take his tr ^ Monmouthshire aWzes for the wilful murder oi Godfrey ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 5, 1852, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05061852/page/6/
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