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N This is still October 5,,1850. ^ THE O...
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GENERAL HAYXAU ASD JUDGE LYNCH A new Son...
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The Peasant War of Germany—[La Guerre de...
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Gleanings in the West of Ireland. By the...
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" You'np a hard customer," as the man sa...
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AN THE PREVENTION, CURE, AND \J General character of SYPHILUS, STRICTURES,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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N This Is Still October 5,,1850. ^ The O...
October 5 ,, 1850 . ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . ^^^^^^^^^ i iii T 7 ^ 7 ~ 71 ¦ I \ ^ — ___«_______^_^____ O
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General Hayxau Asd Judge Lynch A New Son...
GENERAL HAYXAU ASD JUDGE LYNCH A new Song to an old Tune . Br Bes .
General Hayxau Asd Judge Lynch A New Son...
AjR- " , The JGsletoeBongn . " Brigh ^ bri ghtly the ^« gS 5 SjttS ? And swiftly rose volumes ot sweet suici ^* & hissing and rolling o'er massej ; offie , T ? ere vats fnil of Barclay < an ^^ ug about , The workmen weresweaOmr ^ d busom AudroUmggrrat barrejofs ^ m Men , civil and i ° ^ c ^ . H ™ e ' s the butcher Till tbey first heard tne crv , " * .
Ha Vnan xhe old Austrian tyrant Haynau ! : There-there , in their m idst , the old miscreant Tfi- hands ' and his soul stained irith innocent blood : The black-hear ted wretch—a disgrace to mankind—Too worker of deeds by tbe devil designed L him had been sent to a premature grave , The noble , th e virtuous , the lovely , the brave . ^ But though they have fallen , then : names shall ontlive - The hig h-sounding titles which tyrants may give To the base villain Haynau .
The tyrant , discovered , was filled with dismay , ^ s a broad hint was given to shorten his stay ; fold as his case came under Judge Xynch ' s law , jje was felled to the earth with a batten of straw ; Jlis hat , which before had perhaps seldom been Up lifted to greet any less than a Queen , : jow flew from his head , the hard stones to salute , . 4 s a football to bound from a coal-heaver ' s boot . What a change for the haughty Haynau ! The general had now had enough of the fun , 2 nd , although 'twas not brave , he determined to run ; The brewers pursued as he fled towards the street , Where the coal-heavers met to cat off his retreat ; " Here ' s the old woman-flogger , the Austrian Jack
Ketch "— ' -, _ *! . " The jackall of royalty , " " Down with the wretch . *** These cries met his ear , while with filth from the sough , His person was daubed , till he looked black enough E ' n for a brute like Haynau . Then down came each drayman ' s long w hip witha crack , O ' er the superfine coat on his highness s back ; Who , though he had oft seen the lash red with
gore , Upon his own back had ne ' r felt it before ; And one , ' mid the crowd whom he thought would have feared To touch him—now sawed with a knife at his beard . Quite frantic with rage , to escape , then , he tried ; While the crowd hallooed after along theBankside " You old woman-flogger , Haynau !" On , on , goes the chase towards the Thames' muddy tide ; On , on , till they reach the old George in Bankside ; Like a fos to his hole , in the old schemer went , Thus hoping to throw his pursuers off the scent ; But hearing the crowd as they forced their way in , He in haste ran to hide in a filthy dust-bin ; Bat , his covert soon found , he was quickly iauled out , And was bv his tormentors again cuffed about ;—
In a manner quite new to Haynau . Some strangers now sought and obtained his release While the landlord sent off for a troop of police ; Then conveyed him upstairs , where he sank on a bed , With his eyes filled with tears such as crocodiles shed . The police comhrj in , put his fears at an end , While his friends his torn garments now hastened to mend ; This done , with despatch they now bear him away , To the stairs where , so well-manned , the police galley lay . - * nd rowed off with the dirty Haynau !
The poor Austrian tool , who exultingly came To our land , in the heiglrt of his butchering-fame , . To show his contempt ( as he said with a smile ) Of the public opinion of this little isle-Like a craven now sneaks in disguise from our shore , . Among cowards to seek an asylum once more ; To be cheered by such men as the poor crazy slave , Who cut up our Queen ' s portrait to show himself brave-In the style of his master , Haynau .
Here ' s a health to each coal-heaver , drayman , and brewer , Who sought to give Haynau a cold water cure ; May a monster so cruel ne ' er again cross their path , Xor perform such vile deeds as that old villain hath ; May all tyrants be humbled , whate ' er their degree , Whether kings , statesmen , soldiers , or sailors they be ; Hay rich men be good men , and poor men be true , And each g ive to each what to all men is due ^—The chance to be happy and free !
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The Peasant War Of Germany—[La Guerre De...
The Peasant War of Germany —[ La Guerre des Paysans , # c ] By A . Weill . Paris , - Amyot . ^ Meyerbeer ' s opera La Prophete has called attention to this little work , which on its first publication dropped almost still born from the press . It has , however , merits sufficient to claim notice on its own account . Every previous historianhowever , exraptingZimmeman , had laboured to stigmatise the insurgent peasants and their leaders as sanguinary savages , urged to revolt T > y the mere thirst of blood and
plunder , and having no object in view bat the gratification of their worst passions . Zimmerman was the first who dep icted the intolerable grievances under -which the peasants groaned , the wrongs which they sought to redress , and the cruelties that drove them to seek revenge . IL Weill endeavours to carry their vindication farther . Being himself one of the most devoted disciples of JFonrrier , he maintains that the social equality demanded bythe insurgents was a virtuous and nseful principle , — and that those who were hunted to death as enemies of mankind should be regarded as
martyrs to humanity . M . Weill ' s primary error is his supposition that Socialism is a-modern invention . The rhyme adopted in Wat T y ler's rebellion : — When Adam delved and Eve span , Who was then the gentleman ? has been in one form or other the motto of every servile andpeasant insurrection recorded in history . M . Weill ' s second and more grievous error is that of supposing that the enthusiasm which the desire of equality inspires in the first instance , and which has enabled Jacquerie to
commence its career withTictory , can ever become a permanent principle . There can be no order without discipline , —and there can be no discip line without a recognition of some superiority . Hence , the ruin of a Jacquerie bSgins at the moment of its most brilliant triumph . Disunion and distrust pervade its counsels ; every man claims to do that which seems rig ht in his own eyes ; the greater part of the insurgents become disgusted by the excesses of their companions ; and the ruling classes recover their authority with such facility that they accuse themselves of cowardice in having allowed it ever to be lost .
A third error must also be noted . M . Weill attributestoomuch to the impulse which Luther and theEeformation gave to the public mind in Germany . The war against the Castle preceded the war against the Convent ; the " Confederation of the shoe" CBundschuh)—m called because the peasants were forbidden to wear boots . or busking ,--and the revolt of the "Poor Conrad'' ( the Jacques Bonhmme of Germany ) preceded the preaching of Luther secret societies to obtain redress or revenge were formed by the peasants in Alsace and in Southern Germany a century before Luther was bom .
Having pointed out . these errors , we proceed to extract some characteristic incidents of the great Peasant War ,, selecting those which have been either " slightly glanced at or entirely omitted . by modern historians . The origin of the , war , was curious : — Henry of Einsidel seeing that his peasants were impoverished by the forced labours then extorted from vassals , felt suchremorse of conscience that he -wrote to Lnthgrihqniring if it were not a sin to exact their time and'toil from these noor wretches without any compensation . Luther s reply is characteristic . The great reformer wrote , back that "he might . maintain the system witha safe conscience , ^ cesocTal order required , that t-h ' e ' serf should be heavily burtheHed lest like'Jeshurun he should ' wax
The Peasant War Of Germany—[La Guerre De...
fat and kick . " " This reply is still preserved in the royal archives of Stuttgardt , and it . requires no commentary . Helena ,, Countess of Lupfen , adopted Luther ' s advice .. . She . suppressed even the holidays allowed to the peasants , and enjoined that they should spend the Sunday in gathering wood strawberries ' for the ladies ot-her court , and collecting snail shells to make pellets and bobbins . Apparently trifling as this ' circumstance is it was the cause of a general conflagration . It was the drop of water which causes the vessel to overflow . On the day ... . a , mL : _ _ . _„;™ .: _ .
appointed for . the collection of snails and strawberries the peasants from several villages assembled ; and having chosen John Muller for their chief , they declared to the Count that they were resolved to become free men , and that they would no longer yield him vassalage or obedience . On the first day , August 34 , 1524 , their number was about six hundred . Before the end . of a fortnight , being joined by several of the lower grade of the middle class , they mustered four thousand , " and took the name of the Evangelical Confederation .
The chief of the insurrection iVas Thomas Munzer , from whose character Scribe has taken some of the leading traits ascribed to his Prophet . He published a manifesto proclaiming the wrongs of the peasants , and demanding a Charter of Freedom consisting of twelve articles . These articles were everywhere adopted by the insurgents . We quote the Alsatian yerson of them as the most energetic and concise : — - -. 1 . The gospel shall he preached according to the truth , and not according to the interests of priests
and nobles . 2 . We shall-pay no more tithes small or great . 3 . The rate of'interest ' shall be reduced to five per cent . 4 . All waters shall he free . 5 : All forests shall be common property . 6 . Game laws shall he abolished . 7 . There shall he no more serfs or vassals . S . We shall elect our own rulers and take for sovereign -whom we please . 9 . We shall be judged by our peers . 10 . Our magistrates shall beelected and deposed by ourselves . 11 . Taxes shall no longer he levied on successions . 12 . All commons inclosed by the barons shall be restored to the commonalty .
Mun 2 er had acquired some reputation as a scholar and a preacher , when he undertook the defence of the Anabaptists against Luther . He did not formally adopt the opinions of those sectaries ; hut he availed himself of the service of their preachers to spread his doctrines of social equality throughout Europe . He claimed the authority of a prophet ; and placed under ban all nobles , knights , and priests who did not consent to resign their privileges and ioin the Evangeligal Alliance .
The insurrection burst forth in several provinces at the same time , and fearful atrocities were perpetrated by the infuriated peasants . Jaquet , who had been originally an inn-keeper , was the most merciless of their chiefs . It was he who presided over the massacre of the nobles made prisoners at Weinsberg—a scene which Weill has described with some dramatic power , while he has still preserved the fidelity of a historian : —
They brought the prisoners into the midst of a circle to hear their sentence read . It was brief ; " Death to all I" It was resolved that they should perish by a barbarous kind of punishment called " thelance-hunt" ( Lanzenjagen ) ' , it was a chastisement" usually reserved for deserters . 7 The soldiers formed a double line with presented lances ; the condemned was forced to march through these ranks , each soldier striking at him in succession until he fell under their repeated blows . Jaquet gave the signal , and the hedge was formed , then taking off his hat in cruel mockery— " Count Louis of Holfenstein , " he said , " as you are the chief you must lead off the dance . " At this instant the
countess , who was the natural daughter of the emperor , burst through the crowd , and threw herself at Jaquet ' s knees , crying "Pardon , pardon , for my husband !" .- " Pardon ! " replied Jaquet , with a Satanic grin , " you love your husband , then ! Well , listen to me . Four years ago I loved a young girl named Mary Jane . She supported herself by gathering wood in the forests during winter and fruit in summer . One Sunday she was seized in a forest belonging to a cousin-merman of your husband and draeged to the c * jstle . He recited a tale of horrible brutalities , and added— " She was thrown into a dungeon to prevent her revealing such infamies . Do you understand now , countess , why your
husband must die ? Then spurning the lady so violently that she fell backwards , he placed his knee on her breast , and said , "Look here , friends J this is my vengeance for Mary Jane ! Ho , countess of Holfenstein , daughter of an emperor , the peasant Jaquet has placed his knee upon your breast . " " Pardon I pardon ! " was still the cry of the halfstifled countess ; but the peasants drowned her voice by reciting the various insults and injuries they had received from the count , and one of them hurling his sabre at her , wounded her child-in the arm . " Come , count , - make haste , " exclaimed Jaquet , " yon must not see the light of , another sun . " " Stop , " cried Melchior 2 fonnenmacher ,
formerly a musician in the service of the count , cc during the years that 1 diverted you with music at table , I learned -what -was your favourite air ; and I am now going to gratify you by playing it for your last dance . " He then snatched off the count ' s plumed hat , which he placed on his own head , and preceded him , playing the air which was a kind of galop-waltz , dancing in mockery until he reached the line of soldiers . By Jaquet ' s order the countess was held up between two men to witness her husband ' s death . She saw him fall pierced by more than twenty lances , and uttering so loud a shriek that Jaquet himself -was moved . She fell in a swoon . * * They' stripped off her robes and jewels , gave her the rags of a mendicant , and placed
her in a dung cart drawn by a bullock , to be conveyed to Heilbronn . " You entered Weinsberg , " said Jaquet to her , " in a gilded chariot , you leave it in a dung cart ; tell that to your father the emperor , and g ive him my compliments . " But the pious and courageous lady replied , " I have been a sinner , and probably I deserve my fate . Christ , our Saviour , also entered Jerusalem on Palm Sunday amid the acclamations of the populace , and soon after was led to be crucified amid the hisses and cries of the same people . He will grant me consolation . I forgive you , and I pray that God may grant you penitence and pardon . " She was conveyed to Heilbronn , holding her wounded child in her arms ; she vowed to devote him to monastic life , and soon after ended her days in a convent .
This atrocity , some of the revolting details of which we have omitted , excited horror throughout all Germany . No part of it aroused so much' indignation as the cruel mockery of Nonnenmacher ; and strict orders were given that he should be taken alive if possible , in order that he might he put to death by some cruel torture . The greater part of the insurgents condemned'Jaquet ' s cruelty ; and to prevent the recurrence of such enormities they resolved no longer to have peasants for their leaders . They chose for their chief commander " the ' knight of . the iron hand , '" Goetz of Berlichengen . He was at once their . chief and their prisoner ; for the very persons who had elected him suspected—what was in fact the truth—that he would take an opportunity of sacrificing . them to the interests of his order .
Among the strange personages who figured in this insurrection , history and legend have equally given prominence to ' 'the black witch " Hofmahn ; who used to rip open the bodies of the nobles for the purpose of procuring materials for compounding her charms : — She was the daughter of a wandering gipsy , who abandoned her . in the village ofBoekihgen ' near Heilbronn ; -where from'her tender years she supported herself by teriding ' goats and cattle . The villagers of Boekingen had right of pasture on a large common between the . town and the village . ; One day the townsfolk came out in a body and attempted to impound the cattle of which she had charge ,
under the' pretence that the common belonged exclusively to Heilbronn . The young woman made a fierce resistance , and ¦ wdunde . d two men before she was forced by numbers _ to abandon her charged Thenceforth she vowed implacable hatred to the nobles and the burghers , especially those of Heilbronn . She turned sorceress , or fortune-teller ; During thirty years she predicted the overthrow of the higher classes , and rarely opened her mouth hut to curse them . ' She was another Egeria to Jaquet ; and so . soon as he formed his horde , she inrolled herself as a member , and never quitted it . ' Robed in black , with a red girdle round her loins , she was alwavs foremost inthe charge ; freely exposing
herself to the balls , —which she declared that she had blinded ( that was her expression ) ' by her spells . Dur ing the attack on TVeinsberg , she wasposted on a rising ground in front of the ramparts ; and with her hands lifted to heaven , she ceased hot to exclaim "Kill ! ' slay ! slaughter ! upon them ! spare hot no quarter ! I , mother Hofmann , the envoy of God , bless your arms . Courage I , God wil ? s it I " Nonnenmacher , Jaquet , and Hofmann , were made prisoners when Weinsberg was retaken by the Imperialists . ' They were roasted to death before a slow fire , and the agony of the musician is said to have been protracted for more than an hour . Evea this revenge did not appear sufficient . Weinsberg was burnt to the . ground . ; and the Archduke Ferdinand ,
The Peasant War Of Germany—[La Guerre De...
to whom it . helonged j ordered , that » itr should remain in ruins as a memorial of the crimes of Jaquet . M . WeUl labours hard to prove that Muuzen was the hero and martyr of Socialism : it is , however , impossible h read the record of his brief reign at Mulhaus ' e in Thuringia without seeing that it was a very different Socialism , from the system : w ; hich goes by that , name in England . It is enough to quote part of the circular which he addressed to the peasants of Tharingia :-
Dear Brethren . How long will ye slumber , and when will ye listen to the voice of God ? flow often have I told you that it must bo so ? God has manifested himself . , Tou must arise and remain standing . If you will riot suffer for the loveof ' Gbd , you must become the martyrs of the devil . * .. * .. * Wherever you " are three in number , God will be with you , and you need not fear myriads of tho impious . On them , then , on , on . The -wicked are cowardl y dogs . Show no mercy to the fawning words of Esau ; have no compassion of the wicked . They will pray , they will supplicate ; they will shed tears like children , but I say to you smite them , smite , smite , as God said to Moses . . ' * * * ' You must exterminate them , and not allow the snord of justice to grow cold . It is impossible that the word of God should flourish among you so long as a priestor noble remains upon tho earth .
M . " Weill adds his approval of this policy in the following comment;—Our readers will see that Munzer was resolved to hold 116 terms with his enemies . It was on the charnel-house of tho ancient world that he hoped to raise his new system . He knew the people ; which though a thousand times deceived , suffers itself to be cajoled by flattering speeches . He wished to end the straggle by a single blow . It was not the arms of the nobles that he feared , but their craft , their falsehood , their stratagems , and their treasons . The issue of the war proved that he was right .
The issue of the war might prove the correctness of his fears , but it not the less completely exhibited the futility of attempting to cope with the nobles b y such means as he adopted . We candidl y confess that we have not the slightest faith in the permanence of any victory won b y the masses by mere brute force and bloodshedding . With one brilliant exception , all experience is against such a result ; and , in that case , the exceptional causes are so clear that it would be work of supererogation to point them out . The Revolution of the Provinces of North America does not fall within the category of a " Feasant War . "
Gleanings In The West Of Ireland. By The...
Gleanings in the West of Ireland . By the Hon . and Eev . S . Godolphin Osborne . London : Boone . Jfo reader of the Times can be ignorant of the name of Mr . Sidney > Godolphin Osborne . Commencing in that paper a vigorous correspondence in behalf of the English labourer , he proceeded to a series of articles on that of the Irish , with so much detail and regularity that this honourable and reverend gentleman was believed to be the paid commissioner of the paper , and has been actually addressed as a penny-a-liner .. The present volume consists of Mr . Osborne ' s Irish correspondence in the Times , with various additions .
Of the fearful detail of miseries described in these pages ; we shall take no account . The horrors are so well known by this time , that we have nothing to gain by the repetition . But we must take the opportunity of enforcing , the moral of the conduct of the Irish landlords . Their strange proceedings have constantly been the subject of amusement , we must for once beg the reader to pause over it with the gravity which becomes the immense influence which that conduct has exercised . Early in his tour , Mr , Osborne visits an
" encumbered estate : "The railroad to connect Dublin and Galway goes through Balinasloo , and thecontractors are hard at work at it . I had an opportunity on my return through this place , of paying a visit , with a friend who had bought it , to an " encumbered estate " lately sold under the powers of the much talked-of "Act . " It was a beautiful specimen of the effect of negligence and extravagance ; the house — " mansion" I suppose an auctioneer would call it ^ - was at least as rrinch " out at elbows " - ! as its late proprietor ever could have been . It was an epitome
in itself , of all one ever read of the " Back- Bent " school of property . It proved that the caricaturist must , let his talent be what it may , find himself at fault when he endeavours to pourtray the condition of an Irish mansion sinking under' such , extravar gance . On asking at the lodge where the iron gates were , we were told , that Mr . 0 . OB' , the late proprietor had sold them . The tenantry ; were quite in keeping in personal appearance ^ and in the repair and nature of their dwellings with the—mansion . I confess I could not hut think that my . friend must have had a very strong possessorial fit upon him , when he consented to encumber himself , at his own cost , with such a possession .
The experience of the completion of his journey suggests to him such considerations as the following : — It is said the tenantry , i . e . the peasantry , are " lazy . '' Now , how have they been made so ; and who have been the gainers by their sloth ? Can anything be more in opposition to every feeling and habit of industry than the rearing a people on a food—the potato—cultivated with the least possible pains , harvested with very little trouble , and cooked by the simplest and cheapest of all processes ? - A stack of turf , a potato heap , a cabin , and a pig , formed all the small holder required . With very little labour in the season he planted his potatoes , cut and stacked the turf ; by a little more labour at another season he dug and pitted the potatoes ; selling some , he bought his pig ; fattening the pig from the others , he paid his rent with it ;
he made a little more by working for larger holders or his landlord ; at their harvest ; he had still time enough left on his hands to confirm him in lazy , idle habits . ' And yet , with such a population , from the rent of such holdings , the owners of land reaped enormous incomes ; were content to encourage the system , so long as it kept up their incomes ; nay , more than this , were for ever causing or conniving at a still further subdivision of property ; thus they became men of importance—lords oyer an almost countless peasantry . Their jointure deeds , their marriage settlements , their establishments , were on a wild princely scale . Back-rents were still paid ; they went on spending , as if potato ground a * nd peasant breeding could have no limit in unprofitable returns ; they got in debt—deeply in debt ; leased out more land at high sums , to be minutely subdivided into heavy rented small holdings .
Often as it has been noticed , we once more begattentiontothisgraphicsketch of thesystem under which the tenantries are managed : — To whom the estates in this part of the world in justice belong , I cannot say ; the acting owners are agents , and sub-agents ; the professed " owner may now and then be found on his estate , but is then but too often a mere cipher there ; in general he is an absentee . An agent for an Irish property seems only to have one duty to fulfil , as between him and the owner , in which the said owner takes any interest—viz ., to' get all the rent he can , paying himself a percentage , and remitting the rest , with iis little deduction for expenses 01 any kind as possible . Occasionally , instead of an agent , there is a " re- ; ceiver" in Chancery . It is . not often that these vicarious owners live on * the property ; they again ; have their deputies , who do : these may be what are called drivers—or some ^ man , a class above themwho again employs a driver or two .
, The owner expects the rents , minus the agency and unavoidable deductions , to be paid to his banker ; = the agent through his sub , or the drivers , expects those rents to be collected . Now even rack-rents could not sustain this amount of official taxation . Whilst the owner may be anywhere he may choose , with no further interest m the estate than receiving what dividend it will pay , after the agency and unavoidable drawbacks , inter rest on bonds , & c , are paid . The agent has a good deal of trouble , and for that gets very high costs . I only wish 1 could have obtained a copy for the press , of a not over-harsh agent ' s bill , for even only one year . Ingenious as a lawyer ' s bill ever is , and must be , the hooks of an Irish attorney agent are really quite curiosities . I don't wonder that they get rich , that they are first creditors on so many an estate ;
that they like processes , decrees , evictions , levellings , consolidation of farms , & c , & c . ~ these are the grist of their mills ; the agency percentagethey don't always get it—is a mere bagatelle to the direct , indirect profits of an agency . The resident land-leech—* . e . the driver , has on his part also , no idea of living on his salary alone . Lands are notoriously let by competition , the driver's good word , if he is '" a tight hand , " will go a great way with the agent ; there are ways ^ f purchasing that word . Is a tenant in arrear ? the dreaded driver is to be soothed , to obtain a little time ; that is an expensive , process , for ; . another tenant may be sooHung in his way , to get in , if the tenant ia arrear should be ejected . A tenant , seeing he cannot hold on at the rack-rent , with poor-rate : Ac . meditates a flight to America , after realising
Gleanings In The West Of Ireland. By The...
^ te ^^ s jmhjjngj jhereis ^ species otoph , men ? Wb £ h ' ^ tat-prodwiedrby -golden-ointhTis ' ^ Sffl „ v ^ that Pha - Moriar'y should ^ the momonf A that fa 8 m ? on : wa << n't : *> ^ er him he was SJ ' ^ . 0 f ifc ? hut the cunning rascal , keeS fTh * w y' Doe ? * fie . S ent orde 1 ' Si tK l - m u P ° " 80 me defaulting tenant's ' tobote \ ends acousinor twoat 2 s . 6 d . Lnunm fti £ r b Xthe victim ; such cousin ' s usual Srnv ^ ng ^ P 3 W- ' o * 8 d . a day ; some the " driXr HfW . ? l eper ' haS to ! P * y thVeousiri ™! ™ i ¥ of thiVfor-the appointment .
n ° :: ™ f . » re chosen from a reckless class , Whn £ r theU' « ° * niana . » hand of assistants £ SS t'f rby brib ^ ready to do ' any Hn & Ji ?"' them , t 0 5 they will level or burn the house Of their own brother , if ; tho driver orders it . Elsewhere we are told of the utter want of SI ° i * i be * * the landlord and histenant . The latter , however irij ured , cannot reach his cruel ; u . he applies tosoehim , he is driven away with the exclamation , "WhWis the use of my paying an agent , if I am to be pestered with my tenants in this way ? " - '
Add to these traits the trutfr of the novel writing delineation of the Irish landlord in private life , and the problem of Irish misery is not difficult of solution . Mr . Osborne has studied famine and its effects , not only with the eye of a philanthropist , but as a very anatomist . There is horri ^ ble particularity-iri what lie writes . Witness tho following : __ From my own experience last year and on tho present occasion , I can vouch that starvation in Ireland has its own distinct external physical phenomena .
, In grown-up persons , besides an amount of attenuation which seems to have absorbed all appearance of flesh or muscle , and to have left the bones of the franie barely coveyed with some covering , which has but little semblance to anything we should esteem to be flesh ; the skin of all the limbs assumes a peculiar character : it is rough to the touch , very dry , and did it not hang in places in loose folds , would be more of the nature of parchment than anything else with which I ' can compare it . The eyes are much sunk into the head , ' and have a peculiar dull painful look ; : the shoulder bones are thrown up so high , that the column of the neck seems to have sunk , as it were , into the chest ; the face and head , from the wasting of the flesh , and tne 01 ine
prominence oones , nave a sKull-lilse appearance ; the hah * is very thin upon the head '; there' is over the countenance a sort of pallor , quite distinct from that which utter decline of physical power generally gives'in those many diseases in which life till scontinues after the almost entire consumption of the muscular parts of the body . In the case of the starved young—and we saw many hundreds—there are two or three most peculiar characteristic marks , which distinguish them from the victims of other mortal ills . The hair oh a starved child ' s head becomes very thin , often leaves the head in patches , what there is of itstahds up from the head ; over the whole brow in many
instances , over the temples in almost all , a thick sort of downy hair grows , sometimes so thickly as to be quite palpable to the touch . The skin over the chest bones and upper partof the stomach is stretched so tight , that every angle and curve of the sternum and ribs stand out in relief . Kb words can , describe the appearance of the arms . From below the elbow the two bones ( the radius and ulna ) seem to be stripped of every atom of flesh . If you take hold of the loose skin within the elbow joint ; and lift the arm by it , it comes away in a large j . t .: _ x *~ U nn 1 I 1 A ... U — » . L * * l i ! fi . nrl A- * -.- „ :. !_ _ f _ thin fold though had lifted side of
, as you one a long narrow bag , in which some loose bones had been placed ; if you place the forefinger . of your hand under the chin , in the angle of the jaw-hone , you find the whole base of the mouth , so to speak , so thin , that you could easily conceive it possible , with a very slight pressure , thus to force the tongue into the roof of the mouth ; between the fingers there are sores ; very often there is ariasarcous swelling of the ancles ; in the majority of famine cases there is either dysentery or chronic diarrhoea .
There is one comfort to be found in these sad cases—there does not appear to be great present pain . I have now walked in the course of . my two tours , I should suppose , some miles of infirmary wards in the unious houses in'Ireland ; wards often very thickly crowded , almost always sufficiently full . It has never been my lot to hear one single child , suffering ifrom famine or dysentery , utter a moan of pain . I have seen many in the very act of death ; still , not a tear , not a cry . I have scarcely ever seen one endeavour to change his or her position . I have never heard one ask for food , for water , for anything . Two , three , or four in a bed , there they lie and die ; if suffering ,, still ever silent , unmoved . ¦¦¦ ' ¦ ¦
Ifr is , however , gratif ying to learn , on the authority of Mr . Osborne , that ia the midst of alrthis iiiisery that hope is dawningj that education is progressing , that agriculture is improving , that great , experiments are being tried , that the new colleges are doing good , that railroads- facilitate commerce , that a better spirit is abroad , in the country . All this is well . But all this , and a thousand times as much , is nothing—absolutely nothing—without a good , careful , sober , intelligent landlordism . The first , second , and third causes of Ireland ' s evils have been the strange mixture of recklessness and hardheartedness , with many exceptions , no doubt , amongst her landlords ; and the onl y cure—let England and the world do what they will—the only cure for her most wretched condition is a different line
of proceeding m that class from whom all the rest , in countries like Ireland most especially , take their tone .
Vavmiw.
vavmiw .
" You'np A Hard Customer," As The Man Sa...
" You ' np a hard customer , " as the man said when he ran against a lamp post . Why is type-setting beneficial to a nervous man ? —Because he can compose himself . " Mother , " said a little fellow , "I am tired of this pug nose ; it is growing pugger and pugger every day /' On a board attached to a house in Perth , is the following : — " Half aflat to be sold in the area . " "What are the chief ends of man ? " asked a Sunday-school teacher of one of his pupils , " Head and feet , " was the prompt reply . The teacher fainted . ; The man who got drunk on small beer , and then undertook to cut his throat with : a red-herring , has had his sentence commuted . ;
: Convent Property in Irelanij . —1 h § Anglo-Celt , Cavan paper , says , '' The present convent property in Ireland is stated to be worth upwards of
£ 700 i 000 . In Mr . Baguely ' s garden , Westgate , Southwell , there is a fuchsia p lant which has a flower measuring eight inches in length and five in circumference . A Quick Reely . —A mathematician being . asked by a wag , "If a pig weighs 200 pounds , howi much will a large hog weigh ? " he replied , "Jump : into the scales and I willtell you immediately . " \ " Teddt , me ' boy , jist guess how many cheese there is in this bag , ah ! faith I'll give ye the wbole five . " "Five , " said Teddy .. ' ? Arrah ! by my sowl bad luck to the man that tould ye !" Vegetable Candles . —A very worthy grocer put up a sign of " Vegetable Candles , " Some one asked him why he did so ? "They are tallow candles . " said the grocer . " Is tallow . a vegetable substance ?" pursued the inquirer after knowledge . " Of course it is—don ' t sheep eat grass ?"
"You want a flogging , that ' s what you want ;" said a parent to an unruly son : " I know it , dad ; but I'll try to get along without it , " said the independent brat . An American quack boasts of having relieved a woman of two snakes , or eels . One of them " was extricated with much difficulty , " its tail being " coiled round the liver ! " » The art of pleasing consists in being pleased . To he amiable is to be ' satisfied with one ' s self and others , Good humour , is essential' to pleasantry . In society good temper and amicable spirits are almost everything ; . The British Empire—" The British empire , sir , " exclaimed a John Bull to Jonathahj ' is one on which the sun never sets . " "And one , " replied Jonathan , " on which tho tax-gatherer never goes to bed . "
Slow . and Fast . —A gentleman met ^ another in the street , who was ill of consumption , and accosted him thus : — "Ah , my friend , you walk slow . " "Yes , " replied the man , ; "but lam going fast . " . There is . an Irishman near Ormskirk whose brogue has degenerated into the Lancashire dialect . Fifteen years ago he used to say , " Good evening , your honour . " He now says , - ' Good neet , owd gentleman . " In-Aberdeen , the streets are swept every day , at
an annual cost of . £ 1 , 400 , and the refuse brings in £ 2 , 000 a year . In Perth , the scavenging cost JE 1 . 300 per annum , and the manure sells for £ 1 , 730 . Tub Census . — " , « An Act to take the-senses of the People . ' well I vow , " said Mrs . Partington ; " if things ain ' t coming to a pretty pass ; these Legislatures want to take everything away from a body—I think they might have left the senses alone , there ' s precious little of ' em to spare , anyhow ; " so saying , the old lady dropped her specs , and relapsed into a profound melancholy .
" You'np A Hard Customer," As The Man Sa...
. The HARvissr-. vs . Amebica .,.- ? -. Accounts -. from every section of the United States confirm thealready announced fact ,. that the grain harvestof' 1850 has been by far the most abundant on record . It is computed that the wheat produced will not ' be much less than 200 , 000 , 000 ' bushels ; while that of the Indian com is estimated at 700 , 000 , 000 ' . An Industrious Woman .--Talk of your pantomimes and gaudy shows—your processions , and installations ; and coronations ! ¦ ¦ ¦ Give me , for abeautuur sight , a neat and smart woman , heating her oven and setting in the bread ! And , if the bustle does make the sign of labour glisten on lierbrow , where is the man . that would not kiss that off , rather than kiss the plaster from a duchess ?
I PuiiLic . HotJSES in Liverpool ;— The number of public-houses in Liverpool is 1 . 480 , and of beershops 700 , or in all 2 , 180 . Taluog . the population at 350 , 0 Q 0 , this is one public-house or beershop to every 160 individuals , men , women , and children . Taking each family to amount to four persons , there is one publichouse or beershop to every forty adult males . The Session op 1850 . —The number , of days , on which the Uouse " of Commons sat during , the last session was 129 . The total number of hours occupied by the sittings was 1 , 104 of which 108 i were . after midnight . The average time of-sitting per diem was 8 hours 33 J minutes . The total number of . entries in the votes during the last session was 8 , 571 .
A marvellous story is related in the Colemine Chronicle . A poor man being pressed for tbe amount of certain sureties , and having no money , declared that he would digin the earth for the amount . He commenced digging'in his cotiage , and after digging some time , turned up in thepreserice of many spectators a large quantity of crowns , half crowns , shillings ; and sixpences ,- which , on being washed and counted , were found to amount to more than £± Q . -. ¦¦ i Catholicism in America . —There are in the United States at the present time twenty-seven Roman Catholic bishops , thirty dioceses , 1 , 081 priests , 1 , 073 churches , seventeen colleges , twenty -nine ecclesiastical seminaries , ninety-one female academies , besides numerous orphan schools and asylums . The entire Roman Catholic population of this country is estimated ,. by the best authorities , at three millions .
Cracked Before . —Mrs . Brougham , mother' of the ex-Chancellor , says an : Edinburg friend , was a most excellent and thrifty housewife . On one occasion she was much troubled with a servant addicted to dish breaking , and who used to allege , in extenuation of her fault , "it wascmctebefore . " One morning lit' . le Harry tumbled down stairs , when the fond mother , running after him-- " exclaimed ; " Oh , boy , haveyoubroke your head ? " " No , . Ma , " said tbe future Chancellor , it was crdekit ; before . "— Glasgoiu Daily Mail . .
After the battle of Essling , the French soldiers were in a state of the greatest destitution ) without shelter , clothing , or even food for the wounded . Larrey , the chief of the ' medical staff , seized on all the spare saddle-horses that he could ( find , and converted them into excellent soup' for his patients ) using the cuirasses of the heavy cavalry instead of pots . The generalsandofficers complained to the Emperor , who summoned Larrey ' before him . "You have , " said the great man , ^ presumed to make soup for your patients of my officers's horses . " " I have , sire , " " replied Larrey . "Well ; sir , " said Napoleon , ¦ " I therefore promote you to the rank of a Baron of the Empire . ' ^
A Frightful Contingency . —A farmer from the neighbourhood of Galston took his wife to see the wonders of the microscope , which happened to be exhibiting in Kilmarnock . The various curidsities seemed to please the good woman very well , till the animalculffi contained in a drop of water came to be shown off . These seemed to poor Janet not so very pleasant a sight as the others . She sat patiently , however , till the " water tigers , " magnified to the size of twelve feet , appeared on the sheet , fighting with their usual ferocity . Janet now rose in great trepidation , and cried to her husband , " For gudesake , come awa , John . " " Sit still , woman , " said John , " and see tbe show . " "See the show !—gude keep us a' man , what wad come o ' us if the awfu ' -like brutes wad break outo' the water ?"
Advocating for Hire —Mr . Ward once , while at the bar , was repaid by thanks that were somewhat ill-timed ., He had defended a prisoned at York , for horse-stealing , at that time a capital offence , and one in which , if many horses happened to have been lately missing , the law was , according to the policy of the day , not unfrequently allowed to take its course . No speech was then permitted for the defence ; but , by a cross examination , now cautious , now puzzling , now insinuating , and by occasional observations thrown out in the course of it , according
to the then most approved fashion , he managed to make such an impression on the jury that they acquitted his client . After the assizes , he had to travel by a stage-coach on his way home . The first person he saw seated just opposite to him was he for whom he had-made such exertions . The acquitted felon grasped both his hands with fervour . " 1 ' . semooch obloige to you , Copnsellor Ward , " said he ; " I ' se mooch obloige to you , but , " winking his eye , he added , "I dootl was gutltj though !"Memoir of R . Plumer Ward .
A . Man who had been , sent to Exeter gaol on a charge of horse-stealing , has committed suicide , by hanging himself in his cell . The Devil's Fruit . —Potatoes were first introduced at Moscow by a Mr . Rowland , about sixty years ago . At first , the people would neither plant nor touch them , saying they were the Devil's fruit ; given to him on his complaining to God that he had no fruit , when he was , told to search in the earth for gome , which he did , and found potatoes . A curious Berwickshire legend , which , however , is palpably anachronical , attributes the introduction of potatoes into Scotland to that famous wizard of the north , Sir Michael Scott . The wizard and the devil being in partnership , took a lease of a farm on the Mertoun estate , called Whitehouse . The wizard was to manage the farm ; the devil advanced the capital .
The produce was to he divided as follows : —The first year , -Sir Michael was to have all that grew above the ground , and his partner all that grew below ; the second year , their shares were to be just the opposite way . His satanic majesty , as is usual in such cases was fairly overreached in his bargain ; for the wizard cunningly sowed all the land the first year with wheat , and planted it with potatoes the second ; so that the devil got nothing for his share but wheat stubble and potato tops ; and his scourging rotation Sir Michael continued , until he had not only beggared his partner , but exhausted the soil . In spfte of this legend , however , we must continue to give credit to Sir Walter Raleigh for having been the introducer of potatoes into this country .- The first that tried them , we are told , fell into the very natural mistake of eating the apples , and disregarding the roots . - " The Agricultural Magazine .
An The Prevention, Cure, And \J General Character Of Syphilus, Strictures,
AN THE PREVENTION , CURE , AND \ J General character of SYPHILUS , STRICTURES ,
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Affections of the PROSTRATE GLAND , VENEREAL and SCOH . BOTIC ERUPTIONS of the face and body , Mercurial excitement , & c , followechby a mild , successful and expeditious mode of treatment ,. ' Thirty-first , edition , Illustrated by Twenty-Sue Anatomical Engravings on Steel . New and improved Edition , enlarged to 196 pages , usfc published , prict 2 s . " fid ; or by post , direct from the Establishment , 8 s . 6 d . in postage stamps . " THE SILENT FRIEND , " , a Medical Work on Venerea ) and Syphilitic Diseases , Secondary Symptoms , Gonorrhoea . & c , with a PRESCRIl'TION . FOR THEIR ' PREVENTION ; physical exhaustion , and decay of theframe ' , from the eftects of solitary indulgence and the ' . injurious consequences'bl the abuse of Mercury ; with Observations ' on the obligations of Mabriaqe , and directions for obviating certaiii disqualifications . Illustrated by twenty-six coloured engravings ) . By R ., and L . PERRY and Co ., Consulting Surgeons , 19 , Berners-street , Oxford-street , London . Published by the authors , rand sold by Strange , ' 2 l , Patornoster-row ; Hannay , 63 , and Sanger , 150 , Oxford-street ; Starie , 23 , . Tich . borne-strcet , Hayraarket ; and 'Gordon , 14 ( 5 LeadehhUll street , ' London ; Powell , ' ' 88 , ' Grafton-street , Dublin ; andRuimesandCo ., Leith Walk , Edinburgh ; , " Parti . ' treats of the anatomy arid physiology of the re . productive organ ' s , and is illustrated by six coloured ' ' ''
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fT ; ™ ouf , n ^ under-the ^ onseqiiences-which-ineTifaor > InpWn ? P ^ ? atlon is undeniable , and It also constitutes tinn « Tf ^" .. TS 0 ur » 7 . ecrofiua , and all cutaaeous erupof the oi ^ finKn ^ ' ^ , ? " ve transmitted bythe mediunv even neS « t ? fluid th ™ ghbut the entire frame , and S 2 Z \ f , } more , minute vessels , removing arid ex . tSai ^ tream ^^ ™ P « ons aWimpurMes from disJst' fna ™ '„ WtoWfoCTto . eradiodte . the virus of throuktoe mX ^?^ Sells ? rfo » r hl 1 he ? 0 res of the ' sWnand urine ; luce lis ., or four bottles m one fw 33 s ., by' - which" Us is saved ,-als « m £ 5 cases , by which will be sUd > i i 9 » ' To be had at the London Establishment ' *'" e X £ l 12 s ' THE OORDIAi / BALM OF . STRIACUM Is expressly ; eaiplpyed to renovate ' the impaired powers of life , when ' exhausted by . the influence exerted' by solitarv ' indulgenceon the system . Its action is purely balsamicits p » wer in re-invigorating the frame in air cases of nor ! v « us arid sexual debility , obstinate gleets , 'Impotency , barrenness , and debilities arising frem venereal excesses ; has beeudemonsti ' ated by its unvarying success in thousands of cases . To those persons who are prevented entering the married slate by the consequences of early errors , it . Ss'iiir valuable . Price lis' per bottle , or four quantities iu one for 33 s ';' . j £ $ cases of Stwactoi 0 r . Concentrated Detersive Essence can , only be had at' , Berner ^ street , Oxfordstreet , London , whereby . there is a saving of £ 1 12 s ., and the patient is . eatitled to receive advice without a fee , which aivantage is applicable only to those who remit £ 5 , tor a ^ aoket . PERRY'S PURIPYING SPECIFIC PILLS Constitute an effectual remedy in all cases of Gonorrhoea Wcets , Stricture , and Diseases of the ' Urinary Organs . Price 2 s . 9 d „ 4 s . Gd ., arid lis . per box . . latients are requested to be . as minute and concise a » possjljlein the detail of their cases , noting especially tin duration of the complaint , the mode of its commencing iti symptoms and progress , ' age , habits of living , arid posittoi m society . Medicines can be forwarded to any part of tlu world ; no difficulty cari occur , ' as they will be securely packed , and . carefully protected from observation . ™?*? - "~ l 11 ^' ' * Vendors can be ' eupplied by most of the . wholesale ratent Medicine Houses in London '
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DEAFNESS . — Important Notice . — Mr . FRANCIS , trie eminent aurist , who has devoted his attention solely . 'to DISEASES of-the EAR , continues to effect the most astonishing cures in all' those inveterate cases which have long bean considered hopeless , andaf thirty or forty years standing , enabling the patient to hoar a whisper , without pain or operation ,. effectually removing deafness , noises in the head , and'all 'diseases of the aural canal . Mr . F . attends daily from 10 until 6 , at his consulting rooms , 6 , Beaufort-buildings , Strand , London .. Pereons at a distance can state their case by letter , Advice to the poor , Monday , Wednesday ; and Friday , from 6 till Sin lie eveninc .
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. IMMENSE SUCCESS OF THE NEW MODE OF TREATMENT .. As adopted by Lallemand , Ricord , Dislandes , and others , of ' the Hopital . des ¦ Veneriens a Paris , and noiu uniformly practised in this country by WALTER DE ROOS , M . D ., do , Ely Place , Holww Hill , London , AUTHOR OF ' rriHE MEDICAL ADVISER ,. 144 pages , A an improved edition of which" is recently published , written in a popular style , devoid of technicalities , and addressed to all those who are suffering from Spermatorrhoea , Seminal Weakness , arid the various disqualifying forms of premature ; decay resulting from infection and youthful abuse , that most delusive practice by which the vigour and manliness of life are enervated and destroyed , even before nature has fully established the powers and stamina of the constitution . — Jt : contains also an elaborate and carefully written account of the anatomy and physiology of the organs of both sexes , illustrated by numerous coloured engravings , with the Author ' s observation on marriage , its du'ies and hinderances . The prevention and modern plan of treating gleet , stricture , Syphilis , i , c . Plain directions for the attainment of health , vigour and consequent happiness during the full period of tin e alloted to our species . The work is illustrated by the detail of cases , thus rendering it what its name indicates , the silent but friendly adviser of all who may be suffering from the consequences of early error and vice—a work which may be consulted without exposure , and with every assurance of complete success and benefit . May be obtained in a scaled envelope Uirough all loohseU lers , 2 s ., or to avoid difficulty , will be sent from the Author , ( free ) by post for thirty-two postage stamps OPINIONS OS THE PRESS . Extract from the Medical Gazette and Times : — ' Fortunately for our country , a more efficient ( because certain ) mode of treating these deplorable complaints is at last introduced ; and we hail the time as not far distant , when such diseases shall be comparatively unheard of ; we would carnes-tly recommend all persons afflicted with any kind of generative derangement to avail themselves of the information contained in almost every page of Dr . De werk ¦ :
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05101850/page/3/
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