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October 5, 1850. _ tp IpI^HERN STAS, g/
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AMELIOEATION OF IRELAND. ^££€FS3^ SffiWa...
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MmiSTEBIAL "REPUDIATION." The "repudiati...
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"WINDING UP OF THE LACEY FUND. * The com...
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MONIES RECEIVED For ihb Week Ending Thur...
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CHARTIST INTELLIGENCE. MR. JOifES AT ABE...
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PERSECUTION OF CHARTISM AT GREENWICH. T ...
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National aanxr arompamn
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Georoib . Mim-b.— ¦A meeting of members ...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES. T...
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TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN. 'READ, MARK,-LE...
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Copies of the Constitution and "Rules of...
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Pauper Labour.—The Sheffield papers cont...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Abuse Of National Property. The "Whi Gs ...
^ T of a lasting alienation between people Sd iheir rulers . At present Queen Victobu Jas much reason to exclaim , " Save me from Siy [ Whig ] Mends ' . "
October 5, 1850. _ Tp Ipi^Hern Stas, G/
October 5 , 1850 . _ tp IpI ^ HERN STAS , g /
Amelioeation Of Ireland. ^££€Fs3^ Sffiwa...
AMELIOEATION OF IRELAND . ^ ££€ FS 3 ^ SffiWaStt Ssffwarags iodety stacetfaat time , we feared that , like Saw otter well-meant attempts to improve aUSem of the Sister Isle , it had fallen iothe gronnd .
_ It was with no small degree of pleasure , tlerefore , *&** "weread , the other day , an interesting report of proceedings at the Bog of AUgi which proved that our fears were unfounded and that * h e Society h a d m a de g axe and steady , though noiseless , prog ress , with its beneficent and much-needed project . Perhaps it had succeeded all the Detter for ^^ S 9 uiet * The evils too much
^ hat afflict Ireland have heen talked about The plans for their removal have , in too many in s t a nces , a l s o b e gan and ended in -words . A determined , working , sifent association , bent upon accomp lishing its objects , is a novelty in Irish movements ; and , entertaining as we did at the first , a hi g h opinion of its capabilities , we are happy to find the promoters have exercised so much practical judgment in their proceedings . the
It is unnecessary for us to enumerate varied and long-existing causes which have combined to disorganise Ireland , and reduce it to its present position . The evil that has thus grown up—not as a whole , or in a single night —cannot , in a single day , he overcome . JS o wave of a fairy wand can cover her surface with smiling harvests , and a prosperous , happy poDulation . Step by step , that consummation mast be attained—if ever . ^ Mr . Jasper Rogers , the orig inator of this Association , seems to have successfully taken one important
step towards the regeneration of his country . The Society has undertaken what , a t fir s t sight , appears a parados and an impossibility , and what , if performed , will be admitted to be among the most difficult and useful tasks to which human enterprise can he devoted . It proposes to make something out of nothing , or rather , we may say , out of a combination of two nothings . Ingredients which are useless , or even noxious , when separate , are to be rendered hi g hly valuable by being brought together . Between the foul refuse of the London
sewers , which at present poisons the Thames , and cuts off more thousands annually by tvp hus than were slain at Waterloo , and the sour sodden mosses , which spread over thousands of acres , thirty feet deep , constitute the "Bo ^ of Allen , " there appeared little connexion . Modern science has made the important discovery that , by bringing them together , the junction is at once simp le and profitable . The Society hased upon this discovery , promises to work it out , and thereby to secure a large share of two of the prime blessings of life , health to the town , and wealth to the country , by one and the same operation .
Charcoal is known to possess the peculiar property , in its various forms , of arresting the progress , and neutralising the effluvia of decomposition in -organised substances . These effluvia in crowded cities are the chief concommitants if not the original causes of infection , and their existence renders the removal and disposal of the accumulating refuse alike disagreeable and difficult . The old modes had confessedly failed to effect the object , and the researches of chemists called into existence a class of chemical re-agents called "Deodorisers , ' with the view of
supply ing a remed y for great sanitary defects . Many prescri pti o ns were thus easily prepared ¦ which had the property of fixing the valuable gases , and thus Tendering the resulting compound innocuous . But , generally speaking , these included different metallic salts of a hig hl y poisonous character ; and in order to promote the rap id and general use of such re-a ^ ents , it became an object of the greatest importance to find some deodorising ingredient not destructive to vegetable life , so that the nauseous effluvia mig ht be removed without destroying the value of the mass as a
manure . Mr . Rogers , by successive and diligent experiments , demonstrated the fact , that charcoal possessed these combined qualities in the hi g h e st degree , and also led him to the conclusion , that of all charcoal , that made from peat was the cheapest and the best . On that fact the Irish Amelioration Society was based . The great want of Ireland is immediate profitable employment for her people at home . In Ireland it is calculated that three millions of acres of bog , of the most dreary and desolate
appearance , offer their illimitable supplies of peat , for which , when converted into charcoal , London alone , if properly managed , "will furnish a demand for more than 2 , 000 , 000 tons annuall y . The lowest cost of wood charcoal in England is 4 L a ton . The society expects to make a good profit out of 30 a With such an extensive demand , and so wide a margin in price , it will be strange if a profitable and new trade be not speedily established between the Eng li s h m e tr o p o li s a nd the " us e less " hogs of Ireland .
The society has made an active beginning The visitors invited to the inauguration fete saw the humble and simp le commencement of oper a tions whi c h , if success f u lly carried out , will do more for the elevation of the peop le of Ireland than a thousand years of wordy agitation , by men who know nothing of practical industry , and constructive organisation for reproductive purposes . The very simp li c ity and inexpensiveness of the preparations for prosecuting their labours , form with us a
Strong reason for believing in the success of the undertaking . There are no costl y preliminary preparations , inv o lving the investment of a large amount of cap ital , hefore any return can be realised . There is equally little interference with the previous pursuits and habits of the peop le who are to be emp loyed . If improvement comes afterwards , it will come , natura ll y an d progressively , - o ut of th e improved circumstances in which they are placed .
Three wooden erections , so li g ht as to find a foundation on the spongy bog , with a few plank huts , sufficed to contain the requisite apparatus , and to shelter the 400 men , women , and b o y s , who are already employed in cutting the peat . That is done by a regular system , b y which the labour is not only greatly facilitated , but rendered much more healthy and pleasant than the ordinary way . The waterlogged cakes , after being cut , are first dried as feras the atmosphere will dry them , and then charred in iron retorts , separated according to qu a lities , and packed in hags for the Eng li s h market The labour emp l o yed is nearl y the
sole cost of the article produced , and the returns , after deducting the dividends to the shareholders , which are limited b y the charter of incorporation to six per cent ., will he distributed in the shape of wages among the Irish people . Mr . Rogers , in his speech , stated fhat the charier " almost imposed" the obli gation upon the Society to establish 200 stations throughout Ireland , for the same purpose and on the same pattern as that presented to the ¦ viators . If this were done , and the same proportion of persons emp loyed at each , there would he immediate , direct , and profitable employment supplied for 80 , 000 individuals , besides the numbers who would find a livelihood
in the various occupations consequent upon the transport and sale of the commodity . There is here a far more secure investment than Austrian or Russian bonds for British
Amelioeation Of Ireland. ^££€Fs3^ Sffiwa...
- capital ; and , in the midst of the numerous p lans devised for the improvement of Ireland , we hope that one so eminentl y practical in itself , so moderate in its demands , and capable of conferring such immediate , substantial , and wide-spread benefits will not he lost sight of . The abusesof Irish landlordism abolished , and the Irish people employed , Ireland will become a great nation .
Mmistebial "Repudiation." The "Repudiati...
MmiSTEBIAL " REPUDIATION . " The " repudiating" states of America have passed into a bye-word of reproach among the gold-worshipping middle classes of this country . They are excessively sensitive in their breeches pockets , and can full y comprehend the enormity of robbing prosperous , well-to do money-lenders . What is sauce for the
gander is , however , not sauce for the goose . When the investments of the working and poorer classes are concerned , these " comfortable" peop le feel not the slightest horror at " repudiation . " They rather like it , if it appears to save them a few shillings , and if they d o not a udibly app laud the Minister who perpetrates the swindle , think in their hearts he is a very clever fellow .
We have , upon various occasions , . shown the unjust and dishonest position of the Government towards all Savings Banks . By special Acts of Parliament these Banks are sanctioned b y the Government , the peop le invest their savings on the faith of that sanction , and the State , by other Acta of Parliament , takes the exclusive nse of the money thus invested . Yet , thoug h the connexion , the advantage and the responsibility is th u s c l e ar and distinct , the ChancelioR of theExCHEqtjer repudiates Governmental responsibility to all Savings Banks , while he leaves them exposed to all the dangers and peculations incident to their present organisation ; with what disastrous results , Rochdale and other cases too -well show .
The case of the Cuffe-street Bank , Dublin , has , however , a peculiar and striking aspect . However inconsistent and unsatisfactory may be the relations between the Finance Minister and these institutions generally , these relations may admit of argument , if not justification . But with the Cuffe-street Bank there can be neither . The investors in that bank have been directly led on to ruin by the conduct of the Government . The case , as proved hy the evidence before the Select Committee , and not denied even by Sir Chabxes Wood in the House of Commons , is
an exceeding ly plain one . In 1831 , the National Debt Commissioners were aware of a serious defalcation in the bank , but refused to interfere in the manner they were required to do by the act . They again refused in 1838 . In 1843 they were again pressed to interpose , but they repeated their refusal . The ground on which they justified this repeated breach of duty , was , that a panic would be created by their interference . The panic came , as mi ght be expected , in sp ite of their abstinence . A run was made upon the bank in 1848 , and it was found to be completel y bankrupt . To
meet Jiabilities amounting to 65 . 000 Z ., there were assets a few shillings over ninety pounds . ' The depositors applied to Parliament . They established a clear and distinct claim for payment of twenty shillings in the ponnd , and after fencing with the question in the most disreputable and dishonest manner for two Sessions , Sir Chakles "Wood proposed last Session to pay 30 , 000 / . towards making up their losses , not as a ri ght hut , as a " charity . " The Irish members , assisted by not a few hon es t Eng lish members on both sides of the House , refused "charity" in such a case .
Either the depositors had a claim , or they had not . In the one case we were bound to pay twent y shillings in the pound ; on the other , we set an inconvenient prece d ent in s uch cases . If , out of charity , we gave ten shillings in the pound to the losers by the Cuffestreet bankruptcy , wh y not to Rochdale—to every other class of claimants of a similar kind ? While , however , they repelled the name of charity , they did not refuse the money as an instalment , and so the 30 , 000 Z . was voted .
Voted—but not paid . Sir Chabies does not like to part with money to poor people . If a Royal Duke wants a few thousands , he is deli g hted to obli ge him . If a slice of the people ' s park is to be stolen and walled off , he ¦ will furnish the means for doing so with the utmost alacrity . If stables are to be built for a royal child , who may never live to nse them , the cash is read y ; but to pay even ten shillings in the pound to poor miserable creatures , who have lost their all b y pla c ing faith in Government—that is not so easy a matter .
The depositors were naturally drawn to Dublin in the hope of getting the instalment o f ten s hilling s vot e d b y Parliament , on the motion of the Fejakce Minister himself . They found nothing there for them . The LORD Mayor of Dublin , therefore , applies on their behalf to the Exchequer , to know when the money ¦ will be forthcoming ; whereupon Sir Chaiu . es has recourse to another intensely shabby and dirty dodge , with the view of escaping from further payments . He coolly replies that , " as a preliminary to the payment of the dividend , he expects the public to make up the rest by a subscription , and that , as a matter of course , the Lord Mayoe will head
the list , to set an example to others . " Now , when it is recollected that the gentleman thus addressed was one of the most determined and unflinching advocates of the full claims of the depositors , the astounding impudence of the Chancellor ' s proposal will be seen in all its audacity . Mr . Reynolds , to his credit , sturdil y refused to take part in any such proceeding ; and rightl y , because he would thereby h a ve damaged the unquestionable claims of the depositors to a payment in full . He very properl y , therefore , stuck to his claim , and demanded the ten shillings voted by Parliament ; and so Sir Charles at last , having exhausted his tricks and e v a s i o ns , now hints that he ¦ will move in the matter , and set about paying .
This delay and shuffling shabbiness increases the disgust which such conduct was calculated to produce from the commencement . It tends to sink the whole of the Government still lower in the estimation of every man with a spark of justice in his composition , and to produce a national sensation of shame , that our country is disgraced by so ineffabl y mean and contemptible a Government . They seem as if they had been cutout for thimble-ri ggers or petty larceners , and
placed in their present positions by some inexp licable mistake . When a Government thus evinces the absence of all sense of self-respect and of that dignity which should characterise men in their high position , their end is at hand . They can have no moral influence either at home or abroad . The only thing that can sustain them is force , and that is a weapon sure to break in the hands that wield it . . . .. .
__ A few more such illustrations of the Whig princip le of Government : war upon the weak submission to the strong—a few more examples of lavish and unstinted grants to those connected with the privileged classes , coupled with injustice to the poor , will , we trust , fill up the measure of their ini quities , and relieve us for ever of a ministry which is , in every sense of the word , a national calamity .
"Winding Up Of The Lacey Fund. * The Com...
"WINDING UP OF THE LACEY FUND . * The committee has the pleasure of announcing that the object for which it was appointed is obtained—namel y , to collect a sum sufficient to convey Mrs . Lacey and her family to Wm . Laeey , in 7 ? i ™ > . also that there is a balance in hand . Ail collecting books must be sent in immediately . 1 He halance sheet will appear next week . 9 i it ~ . ^ . Henry Wiles , Secretary . 24 , Rochester-street , Westminster ,
Monies Received For Ihb Week Ending Thur...
MONIES RECEIVED For ihb Week Ending Thursday , Ociobrr 3 rd , 1850 . TOR IHE WINDING-UP OF THE LAND COMPANY . Received by TV . Rider . —M . Gates , Sheffield 6 d—Thos . John , James , Frederick , Maria , and Mary Ann Stone , Newbury 3 s—Mr . Dobson , Newbury Cd—Mr . Taylor , Newbury Gd—Messrs . J . G . J . and Mary Ann Tomlinson , Foston Gate 4 s—South Shields , per W . Gilfillan 15 s—Bolton , per J . Pickrance 7 s 6 iJ . Received at Land Office . —John Dora Is—D . Elgood Is H . Rowley 3 u-G . Boan 2 s—Mr . LcesonGd-J . Blphinson 3 d—Mr . Bent Cd—Mr . Woner 3 a—F . stone 3 d—T . Chapman 3 d . £ b . d . Received by TV . Rider .. .. 111 , 0 Received at Land Office .. .. 0 C 3 Total £ 1 17 3 TIE HONESTY FUND . Received by W . Rideb . —Messrs . J . G . J . and Mary Ann Tomlinson , Foston Gate 2 s—Bolton , per J . Pickvanee Gd . AGITATION FOR THE CHARTER Received by John Arnoit . —Mr . Lawrence , Tower Hamlets , per W . Davis 7 s—Wm . R . Sharp , per Mr . Moringls—J . Knight , Manchester Is— T . EcesUesley , Pendleton Is—Tiverton , per W . Kibbey 12 b—R . Le Blond ls-F . Crump Is—Edinburgh , per George Brcmner 11 15 s—Todmorden , per J . Firth Is—Willie White , Manchester Gd—Seven Red Republicans , Thorpe 7 s . FOR THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEES . Received by W . Ridel—Sheffield Young Men ' s Improvement Society , per T . Hague 8 s—From Abergavenny—T . C . Ingram Is—Bruce Ingram Is—C . Beams Is—T . Goby 3 d . FOR POLISH REFUGEES . Received by "W . R . IDEB .. —E . Todd , Newcastle Is . —Received by Joan Abnott . — From Greenwich—Mr . washer . Gd—Mr . Enticot Gd—Mr . Monday Gd—a few Sympathisers , Bridgewater , per J . Staples 5 s . FOR MRS . LACEYReceived by John Ansorr . —Pendleton , per Mr . Robinson IsSd . FOR THE IRISHMAN NEWSPAPER . Received at Land Office . —G . IV . Is . TRACT FUND . ; Received by John Abxoit . —Portsmouth , per B . Nobbs , 2 s 6 d . . ••• •' DEBT DUE TO MR . WXON . v " Received by John AbnoxT . —Pendleton , per Mr . Robinson 3 d . VICTIM FUND . Received by John Abnott . —G . Greenslade 4 s Gd . THE CASE OF THOMAS JONES . Received by John Abnott . —Mr . . R . le Blond 10 s—J . Rogers id-J . WilkieGd-H . WilksCd-G . Wilks Gd-TV . Freeman 6 d—Mr . Morpeth Gd—a Friend Gd—A . Henderson Gd—Mr . James , per G . Wilks Is—Kentish Town ( part proceeds of Concert ) per Mr . Moore 7 s Gd—West End Bootmen ( Haby ' s Meeting , ) per Mr . Harrap 12 s .
Chartist Intelligence. Mr. Joifes At Abe...
CHARTIST INTELLIGENCE . MR . JOifES AT ABERDEEN . ( Concluded from ike first page . ) According to the previous announcement , Mr . Jones delivered a lecture in the Union flail , on the evening of Saturday , September 28 th , and the Hall was again crowded . Mr . George Smart ir . the chair . The subject of the lecture was " Bread and Freedom ; showing the political and social causes of the prevalent misery , disease , and crime , and the effectual means of its removal . " The lecturer showed , in the most convincing manner , that the causes of the prevalent misery is competition and the monopoly of land and machinery . He showed
that free trade , bj placing the overtaxed workers of this country in competition with the light taxed operat i ves o f f orei gn lands , was increasing our misery , by reducing our wages to enable our manufacturer to undersell the foreigner ; that the peop le of other countries were beg inning to manufacture for themselves , and that our foreign trade must soom suffer . He said , that the present gleam of prosperity in the manufacturing districts was in consequence of the unsettled state of the continent ; cre a t i ng a d eman d for Eng lish goo d s , hut this would soon pass away . He showed that emigration , by taking away from the cou n try the men who had some small capital , was only adding to tho evil , by taking away so much money from the country , which would otherwise bo spent at home . Ho
s howe d that m a chinery , by displ ac i ng wor k in g men , and thus creating surp lus hands , enabled the employer to reduce wages to the starvation point . Bethought that emi gration woul d be a good thing i f lawyers , p a rsons , bishops , and the grade a little higher still , including all the idle aristocratic portion of society , were bundled out of the country . He would like to see competition among lawyers and bishops , if it was a good thing , as they said it was . His remedy for prevalent misery was the land . He showed that a family could he supported on two acre s of la n d ; an d he stat ed t ha t there were elev en acres to each family in the United Kingdom , and though som e woul d sa y t h at two a cres w e re not sufficient for a family , none could say that eleven a cres wa s not e noug h ; and yet hundreds were
starving , and more particularly m that unhappy country—Ireland . Isolated societies of working men was not the way to remove distress , for , so long as they did little or any good , they would be tolerated , but as soon as they became formidable the government would sweep them away . T hey must get political power before they could get the land . The Charter could be got by union and determination among the people . Let each ono become a member of the National Charter Association , and little more remained to be done . Mr . Jones brought out a number of important and convincing facts during the lecture , which must have made a powerful impression on the audience . He was listened to with marked attention , and sat down warmly applauded .
Mr . TV . Lixdsat moved a resolution condemnatory of a vulgar and contemptible paragraph , in reference to the meeting of the previous evening , which appeared in the Aberdeen Herald of that day . The resolution was seconded by Mr . Deaxs , and was carried by acclamation . Mr . Deaxs then moved thethanks of the meeting to Mr . Ernest Jones , which was seconded by Mr . Fidbex , and carried unanimously amidst great cheering . Mr . Jones returned thanks ; and , after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , on the motion of Mr . Jones , a nd three cheers for the Charter , the meeting separated .
Mr . Jones has done immense good in this city , and he has left an impression that will not be soon effaced .
Persecution Of Chartism At Greenwich. T ...
PERSECUTION OF CHARTISM AT GREENWICH . T he Wat T y ler locality , anxions to have a place in which working men could freely assemble , entered into a written agreement for the use of Addis ' s Academy , Church Fiel d s , for Sun da y an d Tuesday evening . They accordingly is s u e d out b ill s , a nnounc i ng t h e i r op e n i ng meet i n g for Tuesday evening , October the 1 st ; but on arriving at the doors they were barred against the public , and two members of the " force were keeping guard over them . A written lacard stated that by proceeding to the
p King ' s A rm s T avern , a n exp lanation of the circumstances would be given ; but as soon as a few friends entered the large room of this Tavern , the waiter announced that no Chartist meeting could be allowed there , as " 'twould put master ' s licence in danger ; " and a considerable number of persons were stopped at the door by a person believed to be the landlord , who told them , " They could not go tip stairs ; he had ordered the gas to bo turned off . " On this , an adjournment took place to the Globe Tavern , near the Lecture Hall .
Mr . B ligh was called to the chair , and said , he had hoped to have met them in the intended Working Man ' s Lecture Hall . His friend , Mr . C . Jeffrey , and the Wat Ty ler loc a lity , bad taken the Academy in Church Fields , and held in their hands a co py of the written agreement on which t h ey had paid a deposit of five shillings , at the time the agreement was drawn up , with an understanding that the remainder was to be paid on the 28 th of S e ptem b er , on which day , before twelve o ' c l ock , Mr . Jeffrey attended and tendered the money in presence of witnesses , but the money was refused . They had attended that night at the specified time , when thev found the doors locked and bolted against
them ; however , they had been advised to take proceedings in the shape of an action for damages in the County Court , which advice they intended to follow ; they had engaged Messrs . O'Brien , Ellis , and other lecturer ? , had printed bills , an d incurre d other expenses , which they were resolved not to lose . ( Hear . ) For the future , he trusted that working men would combine and get "round , and build Halls for themselves , and thus prevent a recurrence of similar circumstances . ( Hear . ) Mr . Jeffrey read the copy of agreement , and the acknowledgment of the receipt of the five shillings deposit , and said he had six persons who witnessed that he tendered the two pounds five shillings on Saturday last , according to previous
arrangement . Mr . John Arxott moved , — " That this meeting recommends Mr . Charles Jeffrey , and the Greenwich friends , to institute proceedings in the County Court , for the recovery of damages caused bythe breach of agreement to the amount of ten pounds ; and that this meeting pledges itself to aid Mr . Jeffrey and friends in the prosecution of the same . Mr . T . Jeffrey seconded the motion . Mr . Wylu warmly eulogi se d t h e patriotism o f Mr . Jeffrey , and supported the motion . Mr . Hooper warmly concurred in the motion , which was put , and carried unanimously . Mr . Hooper then moved , — " That a subscription be now commenced , to aid in carryi ng on t h e action . " Mr . Butler seconded the motion , which was carried , and the snm of nine shillings collected . Mr . Wym > moved a vote of thanks to Mr . Chas
Persecution Of Chartism At Greenwich. T ...
JSSrte . hiB great Tritons on the present and m ^ v- occa 81 on , in behalf of democracy . i £ iSSSS ^ wam i , iMk «¦ " * £ D ™ , ? J , 8 aid no waa delighted to find his £ « m ? J BOkmd , yaidingthemin his attempt to put ™ & ?' and t 0 establish a home for demo-Mr t > e borou Sh of Greenwich . ( Cheers . ) i . o ^ L ° ? TERRE O'Bkien said , he had certainly It h ?^ ewha y disappointed , but not s ur p ris ed , as £ L- « . i *! 8 Imi , arly served on several occasions . f ^ f < . i . glad *? find that * hey had resolved not to »«? X . i xch treatmen * . and th a t p roceedin g s were about to be instituted for damages in the i « -V n t ; aItno « gh Courts of Law were not £ , T n £ T rts of J ,, 8 tice ' bufc frequently onl y Courts of Jaw . ( Laughter . ) Yet this case appeared so clear , that the ju dge could not deliver a Mnai tt without
mi . ^ damaging himself , ( iieaiv hear . ) He trusted the peop le wou ld b ecome alive to their own interest , get a p iece of l a nd , and Duua a hall for themselves ; and as there always W ^ unfortunately , plenty of men out of work , r ° » & lfc mi « easiIy be effected . ( Hear , hear . ) It was the duty of the labourer , the meehanics , the small shopkeepers , the clerks , & c , to unite together , as the landlords and money-mongers were their natural enemies . These swallowed up nine-tenths of their earning , whilst taxes and tithes made an inroad on the remainder ; hence , it was the duty of the people to stand by and protect each other . He would not take from the rich by force , but what he wanted was . that
they should not be allowed to obtain more wealth by the means than that which they now held was obtained ; that property , henceforth , should onl y be obtainable by honest industry ; land , & o „ being nationai property , the law securing its products alike to . ill who labour with bands or head . ( Cheers . ) A vote of thanks was given to Mr . Bligh , and the members of the Wat Tyler locality , for the services they had rendered to Democracy , a nd the proceedings terminated .
National Aanxr Arompamn
National aanxr arompamn
Georoib . Mim-B.— ¦A Meeting Of Members ...
Georoib . Mim-b . — ¦ A meeting of members was held in the School-room-on the 26 th ult ., when the following resolution was adopted : — " That the last Conference having been adjourned until the decision of the Court of Queen ' s Bench , relative to tho re gistration of the said Company , shoul d b e known , which decision has now been given , joined to the d i s honest a n d unman ly course pursued by a number of the located members , we ar e of opinion that it would be a prudent step for Mr . O'Connor to immediately call that Conference , in or de r to brin g t he aff a irs o f t h e Com p any to an equitable adjustment . "
National Association Of United Trades. T...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . T . S . Duscombe , Esq ., M . P ., President . Established 1845 . " FIAT JUSTITIA . " " If it were possible for the working classes , by combinin ? among themselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of wages , it need hardJy be snid that this would be a thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed and rejoiced at . " JStuam * Mat .
The termination of another quarter of a year in our progress offers itself as a fitting occasion for reviewing our position , of instituting a rigid investi gation into our past policy and practice , of vigorously main t aining and extending such portion of it as has resulted in strengthening and popularising our movement and in rectify ing and reforming any portion of it which may be considered injurious or inutile . The Central Committee , under the usually adverse influence of a demand for our additional contribution , protracted something
beyond their anticipations , have great cause for congratulation in the fidelity and unexamp led constancy of the bodies forming the association . The few and immaterial instances of desertion , ( which in any case , we hope and believe , will prove but temporary ) , is amp l y counterbalanced by the adhesion of the Sadlers and Brass Wire Drawers of Birming ham , and the Glass Bottle makers of Hunslet , near Leeds . That a larger number of Trades have not joined us during the quarter we think may bo readil y accounted for , first , by the unavoidable interruption to the system of propagandism , so successfull y carried out by the Committee in the early part of the year ; an d ,
secondl y , from the fact , that many trades are waiting the issue of the Wolverhampton strike , upon the result of which may depend their future policy . The punctuality with which the Trades in connection with us have remitted the additional levy for the Wolverhampton men , we believe to be unexamp led in the history of Trades Unions , and is t h e strongest evidence of faith in our principles , and of confidence in the Central Committee . It is an experiment which the committee were very desirous of testing ; one at all times of a dangerous character , and ono , which they are sure will very rarel y be required for the future . A large increase to the numbers of the association will render additional levies
unnecessary . Wo believe we shall be in a conditition almost immediatel y to relieve our members from this additional tax . The Wolverhampton case wears , at the present time , a most favourable aspect . Tho extent of the committee ' s liabilities is now pretty accurately ascertained , and the prospect of getting the men into employment becomes every day more probable . The Tin trade was never known to be in a healthier position , and we have great reasons for believing , that a large number of those now on our funds , will find employment in a few days in London . A draught of seven selected men arrived in London on Monday night , tho committee paying their travelling expenses , and their lod gings in London , until they get employment .
With a view of promoting their comfort , the seven first vacancies in the New Model Lodging House in George-street , have been secured for them ; the accommodations in which are not to be met with in a private lodg ing house . In addition to an excellent and strictly private bed room for each individual , the establishment provides for its inmates every facility in the shape of a large kitchen , cooking appar a tus , day-room , with newsp a pers , and a selection of useful and entertaining books , warm
and cold baths at the trifling additional cost of one penny per bath , and all this at a charge below that of a fourth-rate public house or lodging-house . The men hiive also by this arrangement , the additional comfort of : being all together , and thus by a system of cooperation economising their means , and enjoying the indulgence of their own society . When these men have succeeded in getting work the committee will be prepared to invite up another detachment .
W e woul d now ca l ml y and seriously ask the Wolverhampton masters , how they like our arrangements . We would ask them , what expectations they can have , that when the sulk y fit has worn itself but , as it assuredly must , that tlioBe men will leave good shops , and good wages , to again submit themselves to their tyrannical exactions ? It is the duty of the Central Committee , to find immediatel y ,
employment for these men , and no considerations of ultimate inconvenience to the emp loyers will induce them to pay men to be idle in Wolverhampton , if they can procure employment for them in London or elsewhere . What effect the withdrawal of half a hundred of workmen from the labour market in Wolverhampton may have upon the value of the labour left behind , remains to be seen ; but if there is truth in the Free Trade doctrine that
to make a thing dear it is is only necessary to make it scarce " then do we think that those Wolverhampton gentlemen are pursuing a very ( suicidal policy , and that the operative tinmen , will , perhaps , before another year , feel themselves warranted by circumstances , in printing anew edition of " tho Book , " revised and amended for the year 1851 , and that we shall again have the p leasure of inviting their acceptance of it , and with far greater prospects of success than upon the re cent occasion . To those very respectable and rapidl y extending firms , Messrs . Walton , Brothers , and Messrs . Shoolbred and Loveridge , whose generous conduct throug hout this unpleasant struggle presents such a striking
National Association Of United Trades. T...
contrast to their neig hbours , we would venture to suggest tho sound policy of their embracing the opportunity which now presents itself , of securing the services of a large number of those men whom the avarice and obstinacy of the Perry cli que have so thoroughly disgusted . We are aware that they have already taken on several of our men , but not perhaps to the extent which existing circumstances would
justify . There is a very great probability that a large number of orders which these foolish men are rendering themselves incompetent to execute , will find their way to their warehouses ; and we should be deli ghted to find in this game of speculation , which all trading operations resolve themselves into , that they were in a position to take an honourable advantage of the gross blunders of their rivals .
The unjust incarceration of Haines , and the other mad pranks of the litigious Perry , have very much promoted our cause , by the thorough and unmixed disgust he has created ; there is scarcely a man , possessing the unconstrained power of locomotion , that has not willingly left his emp loyment , and in a very large majority of cases where parties had been cajoled into entering into his disgraceful agreements , they have embraced the first
opportunity of giving the requisite notice , with a full determination of leaving at its expiration . In the meantime , we have the satisfaction of knowing , that from the Land ' s End to John O'Groats the materiel is not to be found to fill up the vacancies in his workshops caused by his intense selfishness , the vice of so large a portion of his class , ingrafted from a natural proud , mean , despotic , and obstinate disposition .
We hope that Mi * . Thrustanand . Mr . Fearncomhe will see the wisdom while an opportunity offers for them , - to get back their hands , of withdrawing from this dishonourable alliance , and no longer to permit themselves to be dragged through the filth of this very dirty piece of business , at the instigation of the Perry ' s . Let these two worthies divide between them the whole glory and honour of the disgraceful triumph , or the shame and ignominy of a disgraceful defeat , for disgraceful to them is the whole transaction , however it may terminate . But even that is no longer problematical .
Eight years since £ 3 , 000 was spent fruitlessly in an attempt to compel these Porrys to act justly to their men . It has been said that that contest cost Mr . E . Perry about an equal sum , but if his statement has been correctly reported to us , "that his acceptance of 'the Book' would make a difference in his profits of $ 400 a year , " being the difference between the prices ho pays and what he ought to have paid , then has he during the last eight years amply reimbursed himself for his previous losses , and th a t to o at the expense o f h i s m en , who may debit themselves with £ 0 , 200 as the costs of the strike of 1312 , and which extended over a period of nine months .
But how different is now the relative position of Mr . Edward Perry and the tin-plate workers . On this occasion—to speak figurativel y—under judicious generalshi p they have but fleshed their swords , and they have their chief opponents hors de combat . Upon this occasion , they ( the tin-p late workers ) have chosen their own time and circumstances for the fight . The chances are all in their favour : with an exhaustless
military chest , they no longer depend as formerly upon the extraneous and necessarily limited , produce of their forag ing parties . Their opponents have not now as then , an overgorged labour market whence to recruit their forces . Our allied array , if not large , is compact , united , and disci p lined , and already are we in a position to convert the active operations of our brief campaign to a close and rigorous blockade , until the redoubtable Perrys will be constrained to surrender at discretion . From
every locality are we receiving the strongest assurances of continued support , with an equally unanimous desire that we relax n o t iu our ende a vours , until we have achieved a complete victory . Wo shall' religiousl y fulfil our duty . ' William Peel , Secretary .
Trades Of Great Britain. 'Read, Mark,-Le...
TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN . 'READ , MARK ,-LEARN , AND INWARDLY DIGEST . ' Fellow Workmen , The Central Committee of this Association claim your earnest attention to a short statement of its origin , its organisation , its objects , and its results . For your own sake ; for tbe sake of those dependent upon you , for the sake of the present and future welfare ot ' vour class , listen to us . - —listen , think , and act ! It ia not necessary for us to tell you of the constant downward tendency of our class in the social scale , the result of less wages for more work , and the consequent irresistible force which is ever driving us towards the gloomy gulf of pauperism . You know all this as well as ourselves . You hnow also that
neither moivulual prudence , energy , and good conduct , nor the united efforts of our local trades unions , have been powerful enough to arrest this gravitation to poverty , destitution , and ruin . Despite of our brave protracted and desperate strikes —despite of our enormous sacrifices of time and money ; capital and machinery in the hands of a monopolising class , have always ultimately triumphed over the individual operative , or the locally united manual labourers . Why is this ? Because , within the last half century there have been brought into action new mechani ca l an d scientifi c p owers of pro d u c t io n , which have totally revolutionised the condition of the working classes .
So long as the market was dependent for the supply of commodities mainly upon the productions of manual labour , the workmen could exercise considerable influence upon it-. They had , to a large extent , the power of regulating prices in their own hands , by means of strikes and internal' trade regulati o ns , they could apply the principle of supply and demand for their benefit , and throug h th e l imit a t i on of apprentices , regulate the supply of labour , and of the goods produced . That time has passed away ; Watt , Har g veaves ,
Arkwright , and their successors in practical invention have given a new aspect to tho industrial world . Human labour , by being brought into direct competition with automaton workers fabricated by the machinist , and set in motion by steam , has become a comparative drug . The control of the workman over the markets and over prices either of goods or wages has been destroyed ; The" large capitalists and machine owners hold his destiny in their hands , as long as this new state of affairs is not met by adequate and appropriate measures on the part of the industrious classes .
The National Association of United Trades , originated in this conviction . Its founders saw clearly thatit was sheer madness for any small section of the army of industry to attempt single handed to cope with the gigantic and universal power of capital and machinery . Defeat , certain , bitter and ruinous defeat , could be , can be , the only natural and ordinary termination of such unequal contests . If'labour is to stand upon independent and equal grounds ; if it i s t o b e rewa rd e d accor d in g to th e value of its share in the production of wealth , and not according to the necessities of the workers , it is through the medium of a national organisation alone .
Upwards of 100 delegates from every branch of industry and from every district of the empire assembled in London on Easter Monday , 1815 , under the presidency of that noble and disinterested patriot , T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., to discuss the means by which such an important and vital idea could be carried into practice . These delegates after determining the principles on which this great national LABOVR league should be based , committed the duty of preparing a simple and adequate organisation to a committee of tho most experienced and able men among them , with instructions to present the constitution and rules so prepared for the sanction of another , conference . In the month of June in the same year , the constitution , as prepared by the Committee , received the s a ncti o n of a Conference , e q u a ll y numerous a nd powerful , and a working staff was elected to carry it into effect . __
National Industrial Union in connexion willi mobal force is the fundamental principle of the Association , strikes and turn outs are only resorted t o when all attem p ts at arbitration and mediation , upon terms honourable and just to both parties , fail . In these mediations the Associated Trades have the advantage of the personal services , and experience of the members of the Central Committee , aided by the moral and pecuniary power of a National Organisation ' . Wfi need not point out , in detail , the superiority of this mode qf dealing with disputes between employers and employed , over the old system . U may suffice to say that it appeals , in the first instance , to the higher and better faculties of our nature , and , there-
Trades Of Great Britain. 'Read, Mark,-Le...
fore , has a greater chance of securing a just and amicable settlement of the difference . In . the s econd p la c e , it brings to bear upon the minds of employers a powerful public opinion , which has a marked and wholesome influence upon their conduct ; and in the ; third , instead of having to deal with their own " ' ' hands , o r t he wo r k men of their own town , whom they may intimidate , cajole , s et by the ears , or over- " reach , they have to negotiate with men accustomed to snch matters , and possessed of the Knowledge , ex * perience , tact , and independence which naturally grow out ot such position . The past career of the Association has fully borne out the expectations of its promoters , as to the efficacy of this mode of action . During the five years
that i » has been in existence , it lias won by mediation a lone , a series of victories for the trades connected with it , unparalleled in the history of any other industrial union , Large reduction ? , and inconvenient and irritating altercations , have been prevented ; wages have been raised , and disputes amicably settled in mmnKEDS of oases , and in almost every bbanch of isdvstrt , at a cost of money-outlay far less than has often been fruitlessly thrown away upon a single month's strike of one trade . "When strikes and turn-outs have been absolutely necessary they have been conducted with order and discipline , under the best legal advice , an d with every advantage that could . be derived from a thorou gh knowledge of the industrial condition of the
country at large . Whenever the law has been perverted or stretched by ignorant or partial magistrates , the Association has stepped in to fight the oppressor with its own weapons , and to throw , for the fi rs t time , tbe shield of the law between the struggling workman , and those who have hitherto made it but " the instrument of some new tyranny , that every day starts up to enslave us deeper . " Had the trades rallied round thisAssociatfgnaswe had a right to expect , it would lo n g e re th is time have been Idoked up to as a general arbitrator iu all cases of dispute between masters and workmen . Even with the limited support it has received , we have either successfully resisted reduction ^ or raised wages , in the cases of cotton spinners , power-loom
weaver s , silk pickers , and various descriptions of factory operatives . Block printers , framework knitters , locksmiths , crate makers , sawyers , chair makers , sawyers , chair maker ? , wire drawers and wire weavers , tinplate workers , plumbers , paper makers , gun makers , nail makers , joiners , co op ers , shoemakers , stone masons , lath splitters , hatters , shipwrights , salt rock miners , chain makers , and ia tact every kind and variety of trade and occupation . We have done this with comparatively small means , and a narrower field of operation than we anticipated . It rests now with the trades at large whether , on the basis of our past experience , and wi t h the prove d and tried efficacy of the Association , they will enrol themselves under a noble president , in a just and honourable national federation , whose motto is ,
" A Fair Day ' s Wage for a Fair Day ' s Labour , " to be secured through moral , constitutional , and peaceable measures only . Fellow Workmen ! The machinery by which our Association is carried out , is of the most simple and expansive description , the constitution offers the most ample and equitable terms to all the Trades on the principle of Mutual Assurance . "We do not in « terfere in the slightest degree with the internal management of separately Organised Trades' Bodies ia the provinces . That is left entirely to the local officers elected by the members themselves . In order to Join the National Association , it is only
necessary for any trade to signify its intention to do so , and forward therewith sixpence entrance money , for each member , together with twopence in the pound on the average wages earned in the trade as struck by the members themselves . These graduated contributions have to be forwarded monthly to the Central Office , by the local officers of each trade , and in return they can command the services of the Central Committee in case of any dispute , and where strikes or turnouts are imperative a liberal weekly allowance is paid in proportion to the weekly poundage on the average wages . Thus all inconvenient interference with local business is avoided , and the full advantages of national co-operation are secured at the
same time . The books are carefully kept and audited every quarter of the year by an eminent public accountant , and a full financial report sent to every trade in connexion with the Association , so that they may have com plete and correct information on all pecuniary matters , and be enabled to exercise a watchful vigilance and control over the funds . On Whit-Monday in every year , a Co n fer e n c e of delegates from the various trades , is held in such town or city as may be agreed upon at the previous
Conference , when the whole affairs of the Association are subjected to a rigid scrutiny , any proposed alterations in the laws and management discussed , and the Central Committee and officers for the ensu ing year elected ; thus giving the Trades , through their delegates , a direct and complete control over the whole of the proceedings . Suc h , Fkllow Workmen , a r e the just , ample , and easy methods by which you may combine in your moral , intellectual , and pecuniary strength for the improvement of your condition as a class .
But the Association with this great and paramount object in view docs not stop with the mere regulation of wages , though its attention is directed to that in the first place . It has prepared plans , based upon careful and practical calculations by which the ruinous tendency of the competition of manual labour with machinery may be neutralised , The magnificent and beneficent idea of its founders was to law the foundation of new and superior social and industrial arrangements by the adoption of the selfemploying principle , and the combination of the surplus capital and labour of the trades for their own sustenance , health , education , and enjoyment . We shall readily and gladly supply any trade with the full particulars and . descriptions of the plans by which wa propose to establish Working Men's Home Colonies upon a large scale , and thus emancipate them from the thraldom of capital in the hands of individual employers . It needs but a ripened opinion in favour of such establishments to call them into actual
existence ; all the means for doing so are in our own hands . Fbliow Wobjijien ] We will not insult you by making any appeal to your passions after the statement of facts we have submitted for your consideration . If these facts have notproduced in yourminds an earnest desire to know more of an institution , which has weathered storms that have overthrown numerous other Trades Societies , which has conferred such large and far-spread benefits upon various sections of the industrial community , which is based upon such equitable principles with respect to payments and benefits—which pursues its objects by such temperate , but firm and determined means , an
is , in conse q uence , so successful—and which is presided over by the most distinguished champion of labour in the British Senate-then we have nothing more to say . Any addition would in fact be useless . But we do entertain the hope and belief that it is onl y nece s sar y to bring before y ou these facts , and to indicate to you thus briefly the immense , surpassing , and permanent advantages which oiir Association places within the reach of our class , in order to induce you eagerly and thankfully to avail yourselves of them . We know that sore and pinching poverty , conjoined with the diffusion of knowledge by the cheap press , has taught you to think seriously over your present condition and future prospects .
Our plans are the living embodiment of the intellectual and social aspirations of English labour , They are suited for the transitional period through which we are passing , and the means in our possession . Oh Iirothers ! Arouse yourselves from apathy ! Put away the petty divisions which render you , with the strength of a giant , weak as a pigmy , Enrol yourselves in the ranks of the National Labour League , march under the standard of Keal Liberty we have raised . By union , knowledge , and bold , but peaceably-directed efforts , we shall achieve the glorious object in view , and emancipate labour in peace , with t h e general consent and g ood will cf all classes of the community . ' ¦¦ ¦
Copies Of The Constitution And "Rules Of...
Copies of the Constitution and "Rules of the Association , and all other requisite information , can be had on application at the offices . Signed by order of the Central Committee , William Pbbl , Secretary
Pauper Labour.—The Sheffield Papers Cont...
Pauper Labour . —The Sheffield papers contain a report of tho proceedings of the poor Jaw guardiang of that union with res { . ect to the employment of pauper labour . Two or three years ago , as will he recollected , they leased from the Duke of Norfolk somo fifty acres of moorland about six miles from the town / and converted it into a parish farm . A . substantial house , capable of accommodating 120 persons , was built with all the appurtenances , at a cost ot £ 1 , 7 0 0 or £ 1 , 800 . During the whole period in which this experiment has been in progress ,-upw a r d s of 5 00 h eads of f a mili e s h a ve found casu a l employment on tho farm . The result of tho first year entailed a loss of £ 43 , but wh a t proportion this loss bore to the cost that would have fallen upon tho rate-payers had the relief afforded to the numbers , who hacf been thus furnished with labour , b een
given in the workhouse , is not mentioned . But it is expected that the produce of this , the second year , will cover the cost of maintenance to those who have been employed upon the farm ; and there is every prospect , judging by tho results of the second as compared ' with the first year , that the thud and fourth vears will show a considerable surplus over the entire expense of tho establishment , i ne experiment is interesting , chiefly as evidence of : ite fact that pauper labour can be made remunerative . A piece of Californian gold , »< "" * ' ? £ . gg exhibited for its size at San Francisco , an d le eturefl upS ^^^ for bulk and value it is unequa l led b y any single piece which has reached this country , ft contMMj 91 bs we ight of 24 caret gold ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 5, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05101850/page/5/
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