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'¦ ¦ -\ THE NORTHERN STAR* SPbcbmbbrS, 1...
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LIBERAL BOOKS os POLITICS, TtlEOLUliY, AND SOCIAL PROGRESS,
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in a
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THE LAND.
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Our second edition of next week will con...
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ME NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5. 1846.
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THE IRISH FOUCHK. "What crime, what sin,...
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THE JUST JUDGE. By the ghost of Jenkins ...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP UNITED TRADES AN...
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POLAND. THE "22nd OF FEBRUARY"—THE MASSA
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
'¦ ¦ -\ The Northern Star* Spbcbmbbrs, 1...
'¦ ¦ - \ THE NORTHERN STAR * SPbcbmbbrS , 184 fl * .. ¦ :- ¦'¦ ¦ ¦¦ - ¦ - _ , i i " " ' "" mm
Liberal Books Os Politics, Ttleoluliy, And Social Progress,
LIBERAL BOOKS os POLITICS , TtlEOLUliY , AND SOCIAL PROGRESS ,
Ad00409
Published , and Seld , Wholesale ana kcwh , BY JAMES WATSON , , Quee i ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row , London . THE REASOSER , ( Edited by G . J . Holyoake . ) a Weeklj Publication , price three lialf-pence , devoted to tin inve « wp « t ? on of Religious Dogmas . To lie had al > o in Monthly Farts . Mathematics no Mystery . Ifow publishing in Weekly Numbers at Threepence each . Practical Grammar , by G . J . Holyoake , Is . fid . Handbook to Ditto , by Ditto , 10 < 1 . Orin Five lumbers at Twopence each . Just Published , in Two Volumes , neat cloth hoards aud and lettered , price Six Shillings and Sixpence , tne Fourth Edition of „ _ . ™ _ ENQUIRY concerning POLITICAL JUSTICE . » nn it « Influence on Morals and Happ ies * - ** "" v . ' « od « i „ . t « be had in il R » -f at Sixpence each , or
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Now ready , Price Ose Shilling . THE EKCOND EDITION « F MY LIFE , OR OUR SOCIAL STATE , Part I . a Foemi , bv ERNEST JONES , " Barrister at Law . Full of wild dreams , , strancc fancies and graceful m ,-,. res interspersed with maiw bright ami beautiful tiwoglitt . its chief defect is its brevity . The : author ¦ msnirations seem to eush fresh and sparkling from Hippo-• rone . He wilt want neither readers nor admirers . — Morning Post It contains mora prognant thoughts , more bursts of lyric power , more , iu fine , of the truly grand aud beautiful , than any poetical work , which has made its appearance for years . We know of few things more dramatically intense than the scenes betweer Fhilipp , Warren and Clare . —Aieio Qtiarterly Itemeto . Published by Mr . Kewby , 72 , Moi timer-street , Cavendihs-square . Orders received by all booksellers . By the same Author .,
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CIIARTIST POEMS , , BY ERNEST JONES / Price Three Pence . THIRD EDITION , BEVISED AND COKBECTFJ ) . Replete with the fire of genius , and poetic powers of the very highest order , for eloquence and destructive power , they appear , to us , almost unrivalled . We say " destructive , " for their tendency is " worse than Democratic . "—-Veio Quarterly Jicvim . —fTory . ) Mr . Ernest Jones is too much (!) given to confine all virtue to tlie Chartist side , and to see iu every political opponent only a tyrant or a knave . —The Jieasoner . These poems have earned for their author the admiration of thousands . They may be classsed together as stirring-and truly poetical appeals , which must command the response of tlie mighty multitude . —Abrtaern Star . Agents arc requested to send their orders to the author or to Mr . Wheeler , at the office of the N . C . A ., 83 , Dean Street , Soho , London , or to M'Gowan , & Co ., Printers , Its , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London , where copies may be procured .
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On Saturday next , December 12 th , Will be published , price One Penny , to be continued W eekly , No . I . of THE CO-OPERATOR , A Journal of Social , Moral , and Educational Progress , This Work will be published in Royal Octavo , double columns , and is intended to furnish weekly reports of every movement going forward in tbe country of a Co-operative character , with original articles on unsec tarian education , and social and moral improvement . Also publishing in Weekly Numbers , THE FAMILY JOURNAL , Beautifully illustrated , and as large and elegantly got up as Chambers' Journal , price One Penny . B . Dipple , and S . Y . Collins , Holywell , Strand , and all Booksellers .
In A
in a
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ROYAL MARYLEBOXE THEATRE . Licensed by authority of the Lord Chamberlain . Proprietor ... Mr . Lovebidce . Lessee ... Mr . Jons Docgl & ss , Theatre , Marylebone ,
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TO TAILORS . LONDON and PARIS FASHIONS FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER , 1848-47 . By READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury square , London ; And G . Bergir , Holy well-street , Strand ; M- » y be had of all booksellers , wheresoever residing . NOW RE 4 DY , By approbation of uer Majesty Queen Victoria , and his Royal Highness Priace Albert , a splendid print
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SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF MR . JOHN FROSTFOR SCOTLAND . THE COMMITTEE being now desirous of closing tbe above Subscription , in order that the proceeds may be immediately transmitted to Mr . Frost , beg respectfully to request all those holding Books to return the same , along with any Monies they may have received , to either of the Subscribers , on or before the 5 th of December . Geoeoe ltoss , 83 Trongate . James Moia , 174 , G . llowgate . - Glasgow , 12 th November , 1846 . P . S . —Parties are particularly enjoined to return the Books whether with or without Money .
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Kearty ready , 2 » . Cd . Cloth , PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FARMS , Bt F . 0 'Connaii , Esq . An accident having occurred , this edition will stil further be delayed for ten days , at which time all parties are requested to send their orders—Abel Heywood , 58 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; J . Watson , Paternosterrow ; and Cleave , Shoe-tune , London : and all Booksellers .
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LITHOGRAPHIC ENGRAVINGS OF THE DUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . MAY still be had at the Office of Messrs . M'Gowan and Co ., 16 , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London ; through any respectable bookseller in town or country ; or at any of the agents of the Northern , Star . The engraving is on a large scale , is executed in the most finished stylo , is finely printed on tinted paper , and gives a minute description of the Testimonial , and has the Inscrip tion , & c , « fce , engraved upon it . PRICE FOURPENCE .
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On the 1 st of January will be published , No . 1 , ( price fid . ) of THE LABOURER , A Monthly Magazine of Politics , Literature , Poetry , & c . Edited by Feabcos O'Connoe , Esq ., and E & hjsst Jones , Esq ., ( Barristers-at-La w . ) With contributions by several able coadjutors , " The Labourer" will consist of 48 full pages of matter ; it will be printed in a superior style on fine paper , and brought out , in all respects , equal to any Magazine of the day . No . 1 , will contain a " Cdbistmas Cabol , " in verse , by Mr . Ernest Jones . Further particulars will be given in future advertisements . >
The Land.
THE LAND .
Our Second Edition Of Next Week Will Con...
Our second edition of next week will contain an account of THE BALLOT .
Me Northern Star Saturday, December 5. 1846.
ME NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , DECEMBER 5 . 1846 .
The Irish Fouchk. "What Crime, What Sin,...
THE IRISH FOUCHK . "What crime , what sin , can be charged to the account of the dishonoured dead that may not be copied into the indictment against his living prototype . ; nay , how white the sins of the hired spy compared to the scarlet abominations of the trusted traitor ! He locked Ireland in one fond embrace of national confidence , the young tendrils of longing childhood twining around the brawny muscle of manhood , communicating a magnetic influence to the attenuated sinews of old age ; the smiles of maidenhood electrifying the glowing hearts of chivalrous Irishmen , whose test of sweetheart fitness was to be denoted b y love of fatherland , and readiness to die for its freedom .
All the names to conjure with were burnt upon the young heart , and those who had bled and were banished for love of Ireland were held up as objects worthy of hut the rude and vulgar scoff of rude and vulg ar place-hunters , while theintractable living , who preferred retirement to dishonour , or scught a purer field than the contagious blight of patronage and profligacy for the exercise of their , patriotism , were held up as Ireland ' s bitterest enemies , and worthy only of their country ' s scorn and contempt . Charlemont , Grattan , and Cloncurry , sleepers upon down , culled gently from beneath poor Erin's wing are names to conjure with ; while
Lawless , honest Lawless , for his misfor tunes gathered from his country ' s sufferings . and devotion to her cause ; O'Gorman Mahon , whose yojing blood could not brook his tyrant ' s treachery ; and Henry Lambert , cut aff by insolence in his training for freedom ' s race , are all , one and all , consigned to the black catalogue of Ireland ' s enemies . Davis would be allowed to sleep on in his unbroken rest , undisturbed by the withering curses of those who have been prematurely hurried to the cold grave by obedience to the councils of the traitor who plundered them while living , and mocked them for their credulity when dead .
" BE JUST BEFORE YOU ARE GENEROUS , " IRISHMEN , and show your generosity by trampling over the unmarked graves of your young patriots , while you settle the Balance Sheet with the patriot Jew , who has sold your country , your confidence , your freedom , your generosity , your union , and your strength , for Saxon gold and strangers * patronage . Go , you poor , pitiful , priceless mob of ingrates—ro to the counter of the nation , and be
stamped with your sterling value . Go to the stranger ' s door , unbare your withering muscle , show your pining offspring , the young blood and future hope of Ireland , to your Saxon vice-king , and ask your patriarchal Liberator salesman to set a price ( if coin mean enough can be found ) upon your priceless heads . Be branded on your foreheads as volunteers to die for fatherland , or perish in a contest with your American families in the struggle for Saxon supremacy over American freedom .
Be branded first , then go to your stall and ask your Liberator for whom , for what , you are to fi ghti then throw up your caps and shout loud , louder , louder still , for Old Ireland and Repeal , the Queen , God bless her ! and the paternal government of base , brutal and bloody Whigs , and Sergeant Daly , and the handful of raw Irish recruits that shot Shell and the Saxons at Newport in the struggle for freeman ' s rights . Go , grin your moral force reproach over the naked unstoned grave of Lord Edward , and trample upon young Emmett ' s traitor tomb , where his * mutilated body lies ; curse young
Harvey for his rashness in Ireland s noble struggle , while you glean young courage from Ireland ' s moral force " PHALANX" of 73 , 348 vouchers of her patriot ' s valour , and pay your quota of £ 97 I Os . 9 d . the balance due to your figurative Liberator . Let us have the long , list of victims relieved from the immense f und paid by confiding paupers ; a return of the grievances , public and private , that have been redressed out of the 73 , 348 vouchers for the national exchequer ; CHALK DOWN the number of obscene and drunken patriots that have revelled upon poor Erin ' s sweat , and tears , and sorrow .
Did we not tell you that the mission of the Liberator was as Cad to Ireland ' s present Saxon Viceroy , to break you up and throw the blame upon those who , thoug h long time slavish , would not PUBLISH themselves as slaves ? Were you not aware that the present Saxon Viceroy had been the Whig scullion for many years , and had the bestowal of scraps from the Whig platter as his perquisite ? Were you ignorant of what was sure to follow Russell ' s definition of the two parties who sought Repeal , qualifying
your Liberator for trust and patronage , and designating you as rebels ? Had you forgotten the many lamentations you had heard over the disunion of Irishmen , and did you ever know disunion so great and blasting , or caused on such frivolous pretext , as that which is now tearing every heart , Mark , Irishmen , we have always told yon that the abandonment of a cause by its leaders is ever followed by a recourse to arms by the deceived ; and now behold the truth of the saying—" O'Connell has sold you , and st your confidence , and , as if by magic , every mar .
The Irish Fouchk. "What Crime, What Sin,...
jjet cross becomes an open mart for the sale of arm ' the poor having no further reliance upon their moral force champion-and every drop of blood shed Will be a consequence of his treachery . " But let US presume that you do owe the Liberator NINETYSEVEN POUNDS TEN SHILLINGS AND NlNEPENCE , why , what . does it argue , hut that the merchant kept your books as long as his trade was
profitable , but closed them upon the small balance appearing against you and Ireland , thus fairly estimating bis LOVE OF FATHERLAND by the rule of three , and at the small sum of £ 97 10 s . 9 d . But , merciful Providence ! those whoyvould fain he satisfied have to wade throug h SEVENTY-THREE THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED & ND FORTY-EIGHT VOUCHERS I TERRIFIC MORAL FORCE PHALANX !
The Just Judge. By The Ghost Of Jenkins ...
THE JUST JUDGE . By the ghost of Jenkins ( Chief Justice Wilde will understand us , and perhaps tremMe at the name ) we were not prepared to expect such a comp liment as the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas has conferred upon Mr . Feargus O'Connor . We have received the written assurance of a professional
gentleman , that , in the case of O Connell against O'Connor , the summing up of the Judge was "PARTIAL AND BITTER" in the extreme ; while , not satisfied with having secured the largest amount of damages that the circumstances , or even the law , warranted , the Chief Justice certified for the costs of % special jury , declaring that it was a very fit case for a special jury .
Of late the Times has amused us with some very capricious notions relative to the inconsistency o f Judges , while we have been always taught , from our reverence of justice , to look to the Bench as an unerring thing . The Judges have heen lauded for their non-interference in speculation and party squabbles , while the license that they not unfrequeiitly take with the rights and liberties of the subject have been allowed to pass unnoticed from a belief in their infallibility . Now , if there is one office more than another which requires the entire confidence of every class , and every branch of society , it is that of Judge ; and so great is the
responsibility that , if indifferent a < to all other appointments , Government should be jealous upon this head . A Judge « the trustee of the fionstitution , and should be the unbiassed advocate of justice . A judge should he selected for the purity of his life , his character , and his conduct ; as it would be e mockery of justice to see the convicted felon sitting upon the judgment seat . Justice coming from such a man would be polluted in its source , and carry contagion in its progress . But we hold our pen ; we owe a duty to the public , which can be best performed fay being at large and in possession of our liberty .
National Association Op United Trades An...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OP UNITED TRADES AND THE STAR . From the establishment of the Northern Star to the present day it has not only heen our study and desire to advance every movement made in behalf of the working classes , but we have further subjected ourselves even to outlawry , as will be seen by the report of Sir Thos . Wilde ' s spiteful and vindictive—though short , charge to the special jury , who tried the cause of O'Connell v . O'Connor . We have debarred
ourselves of all chances of justice in the Courts of law , whether tried for a political offence or called upon to defend ourselves against personal charges , and all this we have brought upon ourselves by our uudeviating advocacy of Labour ' s cause . Indeed , it would be difficult to show any single movement made upon behalf of the working classes that we have not been mainlv instrumental in fostering until the giant
strength made the g iant independent of our further aid or forgetful of our past services . It has become almost a fashion to repudiate a nurse when the child can walk alone , and hence we presume it is , that some of our friends neglect the opportunities that we are ever ready to afford in the publication of their proceedings , while they would invariably charge their own negligence to the account of our indifference .
It is matter of no small importance with working men , to procure the meanest corner in an adverse journal for a nonpareil equivocal notice of their proceedings , while the omission of matter by the Star , of which we could have no knowledge , is turned into a grave and serious charge ; in fact , Labour and the Star are as man and wife , accustomed to the usual
domestic civilities but occasionally administered with the usual conjugal coldness . Since the National Association of United Trades has acquired a sufficient amount of strength to make it dangerous to the monopoly end tyranny of the masters , it has been thought worthy of the notice , censure , and reprobation of the leading Journals , and especially the Times . In the several contests that we have
had with the press on behalf of the body , we have shewn neither indifference , or lack of disposition to defend it against its assailants . When the whole body of labour was threatened with the crushing Masters' and Servants' Bill , we not only chronicled the national mind from John O'Groats to Land ' s End , hut we roused universal indignation against the monster , and for which , until the battle was
fought ; and won under our indomitable chief , we received resolutions of thanks from all parts of the country . In that struggle we gave untiring assistance to Mr . Duncombe , who is ever ready to acknowledge our services , and but for whom , aided by our poor assistance in gathering up ] the national indignation , our friends , the Trades , would now be as a rope of sand .
These services , however , are forgotten ; land it now appears that the National Association of United Trades lays the charge of indifference to their proceedings at our door . This is scarcely fair . The Trades business of the Association is transacted at Bloomsbury , and the Star is printed in Great Windmillstreet ; no great distance between the Executive and
publication ; ' while our invariable instructions have been to give insertion to all their proceedings . At whose door , then does the charge of neglect fairly lie ? With those who are ready to aid , or those who are too indolent to assist themselves ? If our columns were as exclusive and as hermetically sealed against the complaints of the labouring classes as those of our contemporaries , some value would be attached
to our services . We understand that complaints of suppressed or garbled reports of Trades proceedings have been made to the President ; and , in order to ascertain the fact » for himself , and to establish a cordial union between man and wife , that worthy and untiring officer did us the honour of a personal visit this morning ( Thursday ) , for an explanation , as well as to agree upon a proper understanding for the future ; and the result of Mr . Duncombc ' s visit has heen that we henceforth place three columns , or more , if required , at the disposal of the Executive of the National Association of United Trades , allowing the officer
appointed for the purpose , space for a weekly comment upon the proceedings of the body . Wc trust that this arrangement will give perfect satisfaction , and that one of the most essential conditionsnamely , the time of transmitting ^ matter to the Office , will be observed . All proceedings intended for the country must be at our office b y ten o ' clock on Wednesday nig ht ; the comment upon those matters by twelve o ' clock at noon on Thursday ; while space shall be cheerfull y afforded to any later proceedings requiring publication in our later editions , up to ten o clock on Saturday morning . Thus , we show ourselves ready and willing to meet the wishes of our friends , while , upon their part , we steal « x
National Association Op United Trades An...
; ect compliance with the arrangements agreed upon by the President . We ever have looked with great delight upon the growing importance of this body ; anil as to our devotion to its head and chief , we y ield to no one living . We have a regard for Mr . Duncombe beyond that swayed by political feeling ; we have that strong attachment which his amiable and singular qualities cannot fail to secure in tho e who know him ; and , therefore , to him we look for
the fulfilment of this , our new treaty with the National Association of United Trades . In another column will be found the resolution of the Trades expressive of their approval of the arrangements made by their president . We thank them for the kindly spirit manifested , and it shall not be our fault if the happy link of union is broken . Our columns are at their service , " and our poor ability as well .
Poland. The "22nd Of February"—The Massa
POLAND . THE " 22 nd OF FEBRUARY "—THE MASSA
CRES IN GALLICIA . " Is there not some chosen curse , Some hidden thunder in the stores of Heaven , Red with uncommon wrath to blast the crew ,-Who owe their greatness to a people ' s ruin ?" We remarked last week on the causes which induced the failure of the Revolution of 1830 and showed that the most influential of those causes was the combined folly and knavery of the aristocratic leaders , who feared or opposed the raising of the Polish masses , who might have been rallied against Russia to a man had the revolution been proclaimed a struggle " by all for all "—for political equality and social justice , as well as for national , independence .
Misfortunes correct the errors of some men , but even defeat and exile but rarely make an impression for good upon princes and aristocrats ; and so with too many of the Polish emigration , who , instead of acknowled ging their past errors , and giving indubitable evidence of the purity of their intentions for the future , have made themselves ridiculous by affecting to perpetuate their diplomatic humbug ; at the same time electing a king for- PolandL ; that king too , the Czartoryski whose imbecility , if net criminality , so largely contributed to the failure of the Revolution of
1830 . Once for all , let us say we do not declaim against any section of the Poles , because belonging to the aristocracy of birth and station ; we blame them because , forgetful of the j lessons of the past , and blind to the certainties of the future , they persist in a system of combined wrong and error ; which , while it has been injurious to themselves , has been fatal to their country . So far from blaming men si'nply for belonging or having belonged , to the
aristocracy , we testify most heartily to the virtues of an immense portion of the Polish " nobility . " Some of the most daring heroes and statesmanlike leaders have belonged to this body of the Polish people . Not a few of the Democratic Society , and the most trusted of the democratic leaders belong by birth to the " nobility ; " veritable nobles in heart and mind , in word and deed , these men justly march at the head of their party . That party is the last hope of Poland .
From the ranks of this party has gone forth the doctrines which are fast innoculating the Polish masses with aspirations for true liberty , and bid fair at no distant day to bring forth the fruit of a mass rising against Poland's oppressors . From this part y too has gone forth the daring propagators of democratic doctrines whose heroism and sufferings may be illustrated b y the mere mention of th" name of Simon Konarski ; better known than most of his brother martyrs , though not more worthy of mankind ' s admiration . — Some of the results of the labours of these hero martvrs were seen when the insurrection burst out
in Cracow , in February last . It was immediatel y proclaimed that the insurrection commenced was not for national independence only , but for social justice—for the freedom and equal rights of all Poles . This was declared in the celebrated Cracow Manifesto of the 22 nd of February . We have not room to quote the entire Manifesto , but the following extract will suffice : — We are twenty millions . Let us rise as one man , and no force on earth can crush our power . Wc shall enjoy such liberty as never was known on earth . Let us conquer a state of society , in which every man shall enjoy his share of the fruits of the earth according to his merits ( earnings ) and his capacity , in which no ( exclusive ) privilege , of any kind ,
whatever , will be allowed to remain ; in which every Pole will find a full guarantee for himself , his wife and his children ; in which every man disabled by nature in the use of his bodily or mental functions , will find , without humiliation , the unfailing assistance of the whole social body ; a state in which those portions of land which hitherto have been merel y in the conditioual possession ot their cultivators , will become their absolute property ; in which all rkst ( white and black , according to the feudal acceptation of the term ) , soccage labour and other similar burdens , ( entailed upon these lands , ) will cease without any indemnity ( to the landlords ) , and those who will devote themselves in arms to the national cause , will be remunerated by a grant of land from the national
domains . This was the way to create a veritable revolution , to g ive to the people of Poland a cause " worth living for , worth dying for . " Had the words we have above quoted from the Manifesto but once struck upon the ears [ of the Polish youth , ere the tyrants had concerted their measures of defence , the volcano of national force would have been
irrepressible ; but , alas ! the tyrants were forewarned and forearmed ; their infernal measures were already perfected ere the tocsin sounded at Cracow . There can be no doubt that the treacherous government of Louis-Philippe aided largely in putting the three despots on their guard . Was our own government altogether innocent of the like crime ? Would that we could believe so , but we remember the letteropening villainies , and blush for our countrv .
Throughout" Russian Poland " an overwhelming military force , and the seizure of hundreds , if not thousands , of the suspected , sufficed to crush the conspiracy ere it could explode . POTOTCKI ,
ZARSKI , DOBRIEZ , and KOZIECHKZOWSKI , at the moment they were about to unfold the banner of insurrection were taken and immolated . In Posen , but another day , and the Prussian yoke would have been cast from the necks of the gallant men already gathering for the combat ; but spies and traitors had not been employed in vain , the day that should have been the day of battle , saw Posen ' s chivalry surprised , disarmed , enchained ; they had sig hed for the tented field—or the grave , but their night ' s repose was in Prussian dungeons . And Austria ; cursed be her name : —
"Exalted high above her vile compeers , And festering in the infamy of years ;" She has waded through innocent blood to her bad pre-eminence , and inexorable justice shall one day award her her doom ; " Crimson tears shall follow yet !" This is not the place to write a history of the Gallician massacres ; with all possible brevity we must merely remind our readers of the facts . A large number of the Gallician nobilit y weary of Austrian tyranny , and having imbibed the principles of democracy , were eager to throw off the
Austrian yoke , and were as resolved to make the movement national by turning their serfs into freeholders , and investing them with the ri g hts of citizens . In proof of the honesty of their intentions , we should state tbat for many years previous they had done all that Austria would allow them to do towards improving the condition of the peasantry , whereas , on the other hand , the Austrian government had continually thwarted all their schemes of amelioration . This was iu strict accordance with the policy of Austria , which every where maintains her sway by setting class against class , and race against race . When , therefore , the insurrection in Gallicia was
Poland. The "22nd Of February"—The Massa
about to hurst forth , the darkest means which - carnate villainy could invent , were devised t ^ sure the destruction of the patriots . The agent ^ the Austrian government promulgated the most at ° cious calumnies amongst the peasan try , ^ J *' them , in some places , that the nobles wanted to aU " S ment the number of working days to six i n eX week , in other places that the nobles were intend ing to massacre the peasants . But mere cal umni J would have failed to ensure the object desired—the destruction of the nobles . A system of proscription and assassination was therefore organised . Con victed felons were liberated from Austrian jails and
, these , assisted by disguised soldiers and spies , were placed under the leadershi p of the notorious Szela a miscreant who had been condemned to imprison ' meat for setting lire to his own father ' s house and committing an unutterable crime on the person of a child ; -the work of these wretches wis to murder all persons suspected of patriotism . As a further en . couragement , brandy was freely distributed , and a price set upon the heads of the suspected . These inducements of course augmented the number of the assassins . Then commenced acts of terror , far exceeding in horror the worst scenes in the French Revolution . Not only the noblesbut their wiv uuuics ui
, « — y » v " « c , u meir wives , children , servants , and even a number of the peasants were remorselessly sacrificed . Common raw . ; der was too merciful , and for once the perpetrators of the St . Bartholomew massacre were excelled in cruelty . For some particulars of the infernal tor . tures to which the asassins subjected their victims , we refer the reader to the list below . These assassi . nations were perpetrated by order of the Austrian government , paid for by Austrian money , and di . reeled by Austrian officers . Lastly , the Austrian
Emperor , in a special proclamation , recorded his thanks to the assassins , and conferred rewards upon the prefects of Tarnow , Bochnia , Przerayil , las ] o Wadowritz , and Saudetche , who had commanded the murders , and paid the murderers the offered price for their victims . It has been pretended by the vile German press , that the Gallician massacres were voluntaril y per * formed by the peasantry to revenge themselves for the tyranny of the nobles . But this is an unmiti gated falsehood , as is sufficiently evident from the fact that
the nobles principally devoted to slaughter were men who were exceedingly popular amongst their own tenantry , for their benevolence and hnmanity Moreover it is well known that the nobles were not murdered by their own peasants , but b y bands o £ hired ruffians who came from a distance ; and in some instances , where the peasantry had warning of the approach of the assassins ] they were enabled to successfully defend the locality from their assault . No , the Polish people have not sullied their fair name ' by such a crime ; to Austria belongs the undivided infamy of these atrocities . Here is a
LIST OF SOME OF THE VICTIMS . 1 . Aczkiewicz 2 . Bogusz the father . 3 . Bogusz ( Stanislaus ) . 4 . Bogusz ( Victor ) . 5 . Bogusz ( Nicodemus ) . 6 . Bobrowski ( Adolph ) . 7 . Bzoski ( Vlodimir ) . 8 . Bronieski ( Theodor ) . 9 . Bronieski ( John ) . —Both Bronieskis were butch
ered in the most atrocious way in their owa bouses . Theodor had his rids , arms , and legs broken , and was afterwards killed with fails . Of John they cut of the ears and the nose , and shinned his head , His wife was forced to light the assassins when tearing out her husband ' s eyes . 10 . Brzescianski ( Francis ) . 11 . B alobrzeski ( Peter ) . 12 . Bielenski .
13 . Bielinski . 14 . Baranowski ( Lewis ) . 15 . Baranowski ( the father ) . 16 . Baranowski ( the son ) . 17 . Beldowski . 18 . Baltarzinska ( Mrs . ) born Ploszynska . 19 . Bobrownicki ( Joseph ) . 20 . Boniewski ( Felix ) . 21 . Bielinski ( Cedalbevt ) , 22 . Chrzonstowski ( Alexander ) . 23 . Chrzonstowski ( Edward ) . 24 . Dctnbicki ( MAstislaus ) . 25 . Dembinski ( Elias ) . 26 . Dembinski ( Alexander ) . —Had his fingers cut off in order to get the rings he bore on them .
27 . Dzwonkowski ( John ) . 28 . Dulemba ( Joseph ) . 29 . Denker ( the father ) . 30 . Denker ( the son ) . 31 . Dombski ( Dominicus ) . —Cut in four pieces 32 . Danker ( the father ) . 33 . Danker ] / Cr . 34 . Danker } ( Sons 35 . Eisenbach ( Joseph ) , father . 36 . Eisenbach ( Joseph ) son . 37 . Fox , 38 . jox ( Ladislaus ) . 39 . Fax , ( father . ) 40 . Fux , ( son . ) 41 . Gorlicki ( Roman ) . 42 . Goluchowski , ( father . ) 43 . Goluchowski , ( son . )
44 . Gruszczynski . 45 . Gepert—Massacred by Jews . 46 . Grunfeld . 47 . Gurski ( John ) . 48 . Gurski ( Casimir ) . 49 . Horodynski ( Antony ) . —Chopped into small pieces . 50 . Hadyski . 51 . Jastrzembski ( Bonaventure ) . 52 . Jakubowski .
53 . Jauikowski . 54 . Ihas . 55 . Ihas ( Mrs . ) . —This unfortunate lad y , anxious to save her husband , hid him in a largechest , when the murderers were at work pillaging her house . When the brigands approached the chest , she entreated them not to kill her husband , but to conceal him in a safe placd They promised to do so , hut after having turned him out of the chest , and seeming as if they intended to hide him , carried him into a stable , put him on a cart , yoked to it three oxen and brought the cart before the house ,
vociferating : » As thou wished to save him , pull him now I" They yoked her together with the three oxen and forced her to pull the cart . They then beat the husband and the wife until they died under the blows . 50 . Kalita ( Adam ) . 57 . Kienvmski . —Minced , and Ms pal p itating limis g iven as food to piys , 58 . Kotarski ( Charles ) . —Assailed on the road , lit ! implored the murderers to allow him to prepare himself for death ; they carried him
into a church , aud afterwards massacred him his jaw-bones were removed when alive . The journals have very often mentioned this honest matfas the benefactor of his people . 59 . Konopka ( Prosper ) . —Beaten during twelve hours ; afterwards mutilated and broug ht to the district in a state of complete naked / if **' 60 . Komorowski ( Ladislaus ) . 61 . Klobuchowski ( Stanislaus ) . 62 . Kaminski ( Roman ) . 63 . Karpinski . ; 64 . Klein .
65 . Kempinski ( Henry ) . G 6 . Kempinska ( Mrs . ) . —Born countess Dcmbicka . If as pregnant with twins , and killed with <* dung-fork . The twins were torn out of the corpse . They did this to get the " Austrian price" for more than one head . 67 . Kempinski ( Miczislaus ) . 68 . Kruczkiewicz . 69 . Litwinski ( Alexander ) . 70 . Litwinski , his brother . 71 . Lubieniecki . —Blew his brainy out at the ap « preach of the murderers . 72 . Lazowski , father . 73 . Lazowski , son .
/ 4 . Lazowski ( Erasme ) , second « m « 75 . Lbbaszewski ( Thomas ) . 76 . Lobaszewski ( Lewis ) . 77 . Lobaszewski ( Leo ) . 78 . Marynowskt ( Thadeus ) . 79 . Marvnowski ( son ) . 80 . Malecka . 81 . Malecki ( Mrs . ) . 82 . Morska ( Afrs . ) .-iiged 60 , strangled i > 7 » woman .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 5, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_05121846/page/4/
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