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1 TO THE WORKING CLASSES.
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My My Dear Friendstt wast was my intenti...
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR, ESQ . . 30, Mount-s...
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE "WAKEFIELD JOURNAL....
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/fa MtcAtofr 4&,A>» *+* J '*~
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0Ln# ^i^ tftT n-^Vlfr ; ^ihft* AND NATIO...
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volx.no. 485- London,Saturday; ' rEBRUAE...
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CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS THE PEOPLE'S CHARTE...
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THE CHALLENGE ACCEPTER TO ARCHEr " gURNE...
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CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS " THE PEOPLE'S CHAR...
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London, 1st February, 1847. w Pea'Sir,~A...
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TO THE CHARTIST BODY. , Bbeihuen,—In pur...
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C&aitftt l\\it\\\t£z\\iu
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MOTTRAM. The following communication wil...
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4fortJ)tommg JKtttfng&
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Salford.—The monthly meeting of the memb...
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\ / y > tf/rn^p fts' £J f r foi/Zh
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DREADFUL MURDER AT DERBY. On Tuesday eve...
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The Manchester Lving-in Hospital destroy...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
1 To The Working Classes.
1 TO THE WORKING CLASSES .
My My Dear Friendstt Wast Was My Intenti...
My My Dear Friendstt wast was my intention to have written a long letter ILordLord John Russell this day , but the fact of iUR € R surreyor- having arrived to mark and map ,, YO , YOUR estate , has obliged me to postpone it next next vreeV . I am going to show him that what is Did irod in his Irish measures he has not borrowed , hut Ken ven wholesale , from my letters to the Irish landrids , rds , WORD ? 0 R WORT ) . But to your business . 1 111 yoll your attention to the letter of Thomas Hanson ; ie race most sensible and valuable letter I have ever ( CeWtceWed since the Land Plan was established , and
Ihichhich I answer thus : — " 3 "My dear Rawson , —Many , very many , thanks m yir your letter , and , in reply , I beg to say , that if a ( our our roomed house costs £ 90 , and a three loomed »© u *» 0 u * e costs £ 60 . the owner of the four roomed house , "he "he chooses to have a three roomed one instead , irouWd be entitled to direct the expenditure of £ 30 m am any mode he liked in the erection of out-buildings , iind aid £ 30 in ont-buildings will go as far as £ 45 in a llwelwelling house , on account of no painting , glazing iind tnd fine work , and all the rest of it , and stoves , [ nounoDldings , doors , and windows . Would to IGodSod that every man with four rooms would allow ime me to build three rooms instead , and expend the
^ difference out-buildings , allowing them to add anoanother room as convenience- Let ail who have dn drawn lots on this farm , that wish the change , adait ftrtts me at once , not through the star , but by letter , 01 ON SATURDAY next , addressed , " Lowbands , R ( Redoarley , near Ledbnry , Worcestershire , ' ' and Ijwill mi make arrangements accordingly , but it must be done at at once , as our carpenters' work , and otner work , is g < oii > s on apace . I am writing very fast , so excuse hi blunders . But this is plain : in future , no reports oi of meetings will be inserted in the Star that do not ai arrive on Wednesday morning , which is no great b hardship . Next week , if the surveying is done , I w will name my tour . To-morrow I visit Cheltenham , t < to meet the little Doctor . You will sec the
Stall has now four editors , so that I am not neglecting C Chartism for the Land . They ask me from all ( ] quarters , London , Merthyr Tydvil , Manchester , and c other places , to have 50 , 000 of last week ' s letter ] printed for circulation . You will see Mr . Gurney ' s second letter , and Mr . Jones ' s answer . I hope you will have as good a : laugh over it as I had . He need not ask for fair . plav . Every man who has had the manliness to meet us in discussion , has always had fair play . I ,. long to read the triumph . 1 hope his opponent will meet his every wish , and leave him no cause of complaint .
It is very cold , and snowing ; and I am veryanxious to be-jn it again : so I must say farewell . We go on splendidly , and no mistake . - _ . . •• ¦ Gad help the Irish people between ; Russell and their NATURAL PROTECTORS ( BLESS THE MARK !) . - Smith O'Brien is the only Irishman in the House ; he is doing his work like a man . In reply to some applications , I have to say , that , of course , the next estate purchased will be for the 2 nd Section , and for those who are drawn in the next ballot , as it will be bought with their money . We have already expended about £ 5000 of Section i \ o . 2 money on land for Section No . I . Your faithful friend and bailiff , Fbargtjs O'Connor .
P . S . —Pray read Mr . Roberts' letter to Mr . Duncombe—every word of it . P . S . —My dear friends , —I write on Thursday a short P . S . to my letter , to say that , the more I think of Mr . Rawson ' s proposal , the more I am in love with it . The wise members will have three rooms , and a farm yard , with out-houses ; the foolish ones will have large houses . I say , sleep in the cowhouse rather than be without it , and I'll take care you shan ' t take joH ; the out-houses will soon help to build another room , another room will never build outhouses . For all who trust me , and are influenced by D » j- _« rivice and experience in this respect . I Will
do my utmost to prove the value of my opinion . I solemnly declare that I would rather have 3 acres , with a three-roomed house and yard , and ouihoutes , than 4 acres and a four-roomed home without them . If I was as rich as 1 used to be before you emptied my pockets , 1 would give £ 10 out of my own pocket to all who took the threr rooms and out-houses . In five years , they will hare made more than the expense , and at any time can put another room to the house . I must hear at once , and long to know . Pray have each a farmyard , and you will be the envy of SURROUNDING FARMERS . I will do as much as I can to make
the money go the length , and none shall be vroaged of a farthing oi the difference . I will make them very convenient ; cow-honse , pig-styes , fuel-house shed for tools and barrows , and donkey carts , and place for donkey , and all that the money will do . Your faithful friend , Feargus O'Connor .
To Feargus O'Connor, Esq . . 30, Mount-S...
TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ . . 30 , Mount-street , Hulme , Manchester , 31 st January , 1847 . Dear Sin—In referring to the columns of the Star of yesterday , I see that all communications in reference to the Land , are to be addressed to you , at Lowbands , I take the opportunity of sending a few lines to you . Being one of the fortunate allottees for the Red Marley Estate , I received a letter from Mr . M'liratb enquiring what sort of a house I would have erected on my allotment , it being a four-acre one ; whether I would have a four-roomed one or a three-roomed one ; or whether I would have it larger or smaller , the rent being in proportion to theoutlaj ; if larger than four rooms , what amount of capital I was prepared to advance to effect the same . In
answer to which I submitted to him the following questions : —Is it the intention of the directors to erect the necessary out-buildings or only the cottages ? my object in asking is , being only possessed ofa limited capital , 1 wish to kttawif I could have a three roomed house erected , and the difference of cost betwixt a three roomed one and a four roomed one ; expended in the ^ erection of out-buildings , rent being the same as if I had a four roomed one , without the cut , buildings ; and again I remarked to him that the capita ! which the buildings would absorb , being advanced as above described for me , might perhaps enable me to deposit a portion of the money paid to each bharehoVder on bis taking possession , in the bank of deposit as suggested in your banking system , for locating ethers , and for a reduction of rent . Thomas Raws 6 . \\ ¦
To The Editor Of The "Wakefield Journal....
TO THE EDITOR OF THE "WAKEFIELD JOURNAL . Sir , —The article upon the Land in your last number , is net the only act of gentlemanly courtesy the working classes have received at your hand , I read it with pleasure , and assure you in return for it , tha t if the success of the project depends upon my
integrity , that I would rather go to bed supperless than lessen our purchase money by the amount of my supper . 1 don ' t want money , and if 1 had millions , I would spend all on my project and long for more , and be cantent to die a pauper . I wish all to do as you have done , to bestow praise and censure where merited , and to advise and exercise great caution . You have set an example which many will vet be com piled to follow .
T- » e Land is our onl y hope of redemption , as all fc' ^ Uoon adroit . I should have expressed my tbaniis more fully , had not press of business pre-, *""«! me . I have the honour to remain , Yonrs faithfully , Feargus O'Coxxok .
THE LAND SCHEME . ( From the Watefidd Journal , Jan . 2 S , 1847 . ) Al buf : the extraordinary occurrence ! of the present day K ' jii" j p ^ ais mare so than the attempt of the working « W , s j 0 f orm a jjmdjd democracy . Hitherto the land b for wtd the property of one body , and up to the pre-**»* linie it has been tbe favoured interest of every govern-
To The Editor Of The "Wakefield Journal....
ment . Titles , rank , and influence have poured in upon Its possessors , and they have had , np to the passing of the Reform Bill , the government of the country in their hands , That measure in some degree rendered nugatory the immense influence possessed by this class , through the admission of the numerous class of small traders into the electoral ranks . Under the idea , therefore , that all power is derirahle from the land , the Chartists have resolved toappropria-e apportion of theland to thtmielres , and under the leadership of Mr . Feargus O'Connor they have purchased a couple of estates , one of which is nearly ready for the
occupation of its proprietors . Now we do not think we can be accused of a partiality to the doctrines of Chartism . We nave fonnd many of its advocates such self-opintative , such wholesale advocates of extreme measures , invoking the overthrow and destruction of every class and interest but their own , that we conceive them to be most pernicious and destructive to the common principles of justice anotgooagovernmeot . But . in refusing our subscription to the dogmas of Chartism , we are no t compelled thereby to TtftabmU that i > good—independent ot that 15 stememanating from those who profess belief in ita doc trine * . -
On this principle , therefore , we are indneed to advert to the land scheme as the best proposition for the deration of the workiag classes te * m thraldom to power , and misery to comfort , that we know of . To attempt a description ef the land achame in this place would exceed onr limits—suffice it to say that it is one which , if properly managed , and honestly conducted , cannot fail to prove of the greatest importance to the class for whose benefit it ia intended . Upwards of sixteen thousand pounds have been already subscribed by the working nun towards this great land plan -, and one of the estates , named O'Cbnnorville after the Chartist leader , is to be
opened for the reception of the proprietors in May nextwhen it is proposed that each of these will be provided with a neat and comfortable cottage , outhouses , & c , with two , three , or four acres of land , according to the amount of their subscription , and receive £ 15 loan in money , to cultivate their two acres— £ 23 10 s . their three —and £ 30 their four acre allotments . Such is the mode proposed to make the men of England their own masters . That we have any wish to see a complete transition of power from the aristocracy to the democracy we at once deny . But we cannot but view with a favourable eye the progress of the land scheme .
It was not , therefore , without regret that we saw the plan attacked in the Manchester Examiner ; the party thus attacking it , signing himself "One who has Whistled at the Plough . " Now , this party may have whistled at the plough , but he has whistled in Spain to the sound of the Carlist ballads , as well as to the ballads of the Anti-Corn-Law League , now deceased . This gentleman , having-, we suppose , no further mission to travel upon for the League , took it into his head to serve the working classes , by calling their attention to what ha calls ^ he illegality of the affair , and its monstroas absurdities and pretensions . Now' we do not
pretend to say . that the Land Company has been legally constituted , legally enrolled ; of this we profess our entire ignorance , but in thus confessing our ignorance , we have as little hesitation in saying , that we have not the slightest faith in the legal knowledge of the " Whistler at the Plough "—indeed , we think that the Whistler had better retnrn to his occupation , as we conceive be will be much more usefully employed in whistling at a pi ngh's tail , than writing long , tedious and twaddling letters oa a subject he evidently knows u » t nearly as much about . He disputes the legality ; Cid the Whistler never find that out before !—had he never his attention
drawn to the matter daring the existence of the League * Is it only now , when his former masters are d « adofficially , — when he has nothing better to occupy his attention , that he comes forward as a saviour of the poor man ' s purse , his protector and friend . Is it time to come forth now , when sixteen thousand pounds have been subscribed , when the poor man ' s purse has bees emptied . We hesitate not an instant in describing the philanthropy of the Whistler as spurious and ^ bollow . If he had eyes at the time for anything bat free trade twaddle , he could have read concerning this Land Scheme when it was first projected . Bat the Whistler had other work—other fish to fry ;—the interest of the poor man merited no attention , whilst that of the wealthy manufacturer remained unsettled . Bat , now that the latterhas achieved his insane purpose , the Whistler has an hour or two to spare , to write twaddle for the benefit of the poor man . We think it would have been more to the purpose , much more to the interest of the working
man , and would have displayed a mncb purer philantitropjofthe Whistler , had he devised * scheme for the making of the plan legal—had assisted the directors with his wisdom , in securing the interest * 01 the working men . If Feargus O'Connor is sincere , honest , and resolved on his present purpose , he will do more good for his country than all the united band that ever raved upon the subject of free trade . The Chartist leader may expect opposition from the jealousy and spite of the useless free trade moneyocracy ; but let him perseverelet him give no cause for suspicion—let him live above it ; let his aim be the glorious purpose of assisting , as Lord John Manners beautifully observed tt the Bingley Allotment dinner , "in securing to every man a stake in the hedge , and he would thereby be rendered a better citizen and a better member of society than he who had none . " Let Mr . O'Connor honestly do this , and he will , we trust , not only receive the support of the independent portion of the press , but the blessings of those he may raise from misery and slavery to honour and independence .
/Fa Mtcatofr 4&,A>» *+* J '*~
/ fa MtcAtofr 4 & , A >» * + * '*~
0ln# ^I^ Tftt N-^Vlfr ; ^Ihft* And Natio...
0 Ln # ^ i ^ tftT n- ^ Vlfr ; ^ ihft * AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL . ——* ' 1 —n—1— 11 1 ¦ it ———^^^ - ^»—_^ - ^ - ^^^ —1 ^—¦ mm 1 ii ^ ii Miiinni— ' 1 ~ r mi
Volx.No. 485- London,Saturday; ' Rebruae...
volx . no . 485- London , Saturday ; ' rEBRUAEY 6 , 1847 . " - ^ ¦ ByjasgL- ^^
Challenge To Discuss The People's Charte...
CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER . ANNOUNCEMENT . The Leaders of the Chartist Movement having repeatedly challenged all who might entertain opi nions opposed to their own to meet them in fair and open controversy , Archer Gurney , Esq ., Barrister of the Middle Temple , hereby expresses his willingness to meet any one , or all of them , upon any occasion , before a meeting of the working and other classes of this realm , in the so-called Tower Hamlets Institute , this Institute being particularly within the reach of those who would take the most interest in the subject . Mr . Gurney ( who offers to support half the expenses attendant en . such public meeting . ) engages to maintain the following thesis , in direct opposition
to the opinions of the Chartist Leaders : viz . — " That the so-called People ' s Charter , consisting in "the well-known Five Points , is calculated neither "to advance nor secure the liberty or prosperity of " the English nation . " All ulterior arrangements may be made by means of letter , addressed to Archer Gurney , Esq ., 4 , Maddox Street , Regent Street . It is hoped that Messrs . Feargos O'Connor and Ernest Jones , who have so often expressed their desire to meet an honest opponent in fair argument before an independent British audience , will not shrink from the opportunity thus afforded them . If they do so , their silence can only be construed as the internal consciousness of a bad cause , or , in plain language , as feat .
I , Maddox-gtreet , Regent-street , 27 th January , 1847 . Sir , —The enclosed announcement will be paid for , if desired , as an advertisement , —but I should think it would be more to the honour of the Northern Star and of the ChartUts of England , if they made no charge for inserting an acceptance of that challenge to honest political opponents which has been so frequently given b , Messrs . Feargus O'Connor , Ernest Jones , Julian Harney , & c , and published in the Northern Star ; and indeed the type appropriated to advertisements wonld be ill-suited for such a notice . When I before challenged to meet the League , I inserted regular advertisements in the Timet , Post , Herald , & c , about equal in length to tbe
announcement I now forward , for each of which I paid l ( k That was , however , a very different matter . I now address the organ of Chartism , which has so repeatedly called for some political opponent , and which will no doubt bail with gladness in its next Saturday ' s number my appearand in the public arena as aconsistent opponent of Chartism , " as inimical to the liberties of the English people . " I may go on to state , since 1 take for granted that you are in constant communication with the leaders of tbe movement , that if Mr . Feargus O ' Connor , or the other leaders , should desire it for the sake of perspicuity , I should be happy to change the words of my thesis , " That the Charter would neither advance nor secure tbe liberties , " into " wonld prove inimical ( or injurious ) to the liberties and prosperity of tbe nation . " At all events , I trust that no ver-, bal objection will be raised to the terms on which I would wish to base the controversy .
Of course I should suggest that the upholders of . Chartism ( wlietlter always the same person or not ) , should speak alternately with myself : each , 1 should say , for the space of either a quarter of an hour or ! half an hour , as might be deemed advisable ; the whole controversy occupying four hours ; in which I , the opponent of Chartism on the one hand , and the upholders of it on the other , should speak for two hours each . It is immaterial to me which speaker opens or closes the discussion . It being always understood that t he Chartist and Non-Chartist speak for an equal number of times . Any day , next week , excepting Monday , I should be haopy to hold myself opt-n for this kneeling . Friends We suggested to me the possibility of the Northern Star sbirkiag tbe question , and refusing to give that publicity to the counter challenge which it has so often given ( in its largest type ) , to the challenge , regarding it as the mere organ of a party , and hare therefore recom-
Challenge To Discuss The People's Charte...
mended me to apply to the Daily News . I believe , however correct their views may be of the impolicy of Chartism , that they do not do full justice to the honest enthusiasm of many of ita leaders ; and , there fore , I have 110 hesitation in addressing this letter to you , ( which you are also welcome to publish ) , and in subscribingynyself , in the full expectation of a satisfactory reply , Your very obedient servant . Archer Corset . Mr . Hewitt , publisher .
The Challenge Accepter To Archer " Gurne...
THE CHALLENGE ACCEPTER TO ARCHEr " gURNEY , Esq ., BARRISTER IX LAW . . Sin , —I once heard of a B & rriste * challenging an officer to fight a duel through the ffw prwaiter , supposing he would see him first ; year mod ^ ' operdhS is not less funny , as your wholesale " defiance" has come info my hands in the most . roundabout way ; however , as lam one of those who feel thankful for small favours , I shall deal with it aa it you . bad adopted a different and more respectful course , and , firstly—to dispose of your challenge : Yea had better take a friend ' s advice and postpone tbe day of JUDGMENT , until you have studied , the
OTHER POINT OF THE CHARTER , aajt embraces SIX . ROT FIVE , POINTS only ; and , rely upon it , you will be compelled to TOUCH on all . It ' wonld haye been more creditable if yon had hot concluded with a swagger . As Brio was a good dog , but Holdfast was better , you should have withheld even the supposition that your challenge would not be accepted , till you had made the experimeat and failed . For my own part , I rather rejoice in my inability to meet you , because I have a great desire to prove to yon , and to the world , that Chartism does not rely upon any exclusive advocacy to insure that ascendancy , which discussion , above all other auxiliaries , promises . However , I have no doubt that an opponent will be
PROVIDED for you from tbe ranks of Chartism , and that your convenience and wishes will be in every way consulted , and all necessary arrangements made . So much for the challenge , and now a word about your letter . It is rather an impertinent letter and savours of conceit . You should have addressed it to me or to Mr . Jones , as for either or both of us it was especially meant , and , in contemplation oi so great an event as that of exploding Chartism , you should not have occupied one-half oi your letter about a paltry ten shillings . I have iothing to do with the arrangements of other papers , about which you are so minute : but , not to hold you in
suspense , yon shall not be called upon to pa ; even the duty for your advertisement , and if the 10 a . was any object , I would have gladly given y » u £ 10 for the Chartist feast you promise in these days of universal famine . You need be under n ' t apprehension whatever of the Star shirking the natter ; it is too watchful for such rare Godsends ;• but by all means enlist the co-operation of the DAILY NEWS . As money Appears to be an object , I will pay your half of the expense with pleasure . I regret that you should have compelled me to treat both your advertisement and letter with anything ! like levity , I shall conclude by assuring you , ' that you will be waited upon and accommodated . I have the honour to remain .
Your obedient servant , FeARGCS O'CoHSOB . P . S . —You must admit that so far your wishe * have been complied with , as I am now writing in Worcestershire , at three o ' clock or . Friday , and on Saturday you will see your letter and challenge , and ray answer , in print . F . 0 'C .
Challenge To Discuss " The People's Char...
CHALLENGE TO DISCUSS " THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER . " TO THE CHART 1 STPUBLIC , AND THE LABOURING CLASSES GENERALLY . I IFbllow-Coubirtmen . — The censorious and certainly uncalled for tone of Mr . Feargus O'Connor ' s reply to my application , addressed to Mr . Hewitt , publisher of the Northern Star , and through him to the Chartist public generally , for a fair discussion bh the ( so-called } People ' s Charter , renders it advisable forme to set myself right with you by a few plain and honest words , which will , I have no doubt , be received in a corresponding spirit of good feeling and candour . Mr . O'Connor , in the reply alluded
to , speaking , or rather writing , m a somewhat Autocratic strain , assumes that my application was intended for him , aud adds that I should have adopted ' * a different and more respectful course . " " Your wholesale defiance , " be says , " has come into my hands in the most roundabout way ; however , as 1 am one of those who feel thankful for small favours , / shall deal with it , " & c , & o . Now , without dwelling at all on thesomewhat doubtful courtesy of such a strain of animadversion , lmay be allowed to observe that I did not imagine the entire cause of Chartism , and the whole body of its supporters , to be merged in . the one individual person of Mr . Feargus O'Connor . Whatever respect I may and always shall feel for vast masses of my lellow countrymen
banded together for at least patriotic , if even mistaken , purposes , I cannot see that a peculiar and extraordinary demonstration of respect is due to any particular individual amongst that body . 1 was not aware that an ideal democracy had se speedily , and in its very infancy , assumed the aspect of a despotism . Mr . Feargus O'Connor proceeds to inform me , that my letter is " impertinent , and savours oi conceit . " But , fur my consolation , I suppose , he announces that he ( the great man ) will not be able to meet me in the coming discussion ; in which he would , of course , pulverise me and my arguments in a very short space of time ! He says , " For my own part , I rejoice in my inability to meet you , because I have a great desire to prove to you , and to the
world , that Chartism does not re ' y upon any exclusive advocacy" to insureitsascendancy , < bcM & c . 1 really never , imagined that Chartism was so utterly dependent on any one individual as to require his " exclusive advocacy" for its support ! This is , I think , in very tolerable keeping with the Autocratic , " I ! I ! " of the openiug paragraph of his reply . With respect to the elegant allusion " as Brag was a good dog , but Holdfast was a better , " and some other similar " blows , " 1 shall simply leave them on one side , inasmuch as I must confess my inability to appreciate the full force of their application . For the four or five times repeated sneer , respecting my perhaps needless comment on the price of advertisements , ( which , be it observed , appeared in an almost
exclusively business-letter , addressed to a publisher , ) I can only say that Mr . O'Connor ' s offer to pay " my half of the expenses" is , what he has designated my entire letter , namely , somewhat impertinent . It appears to me that when my offer is hailed , as Mr . O'Connor hails-it , as a " rare Gedsend , " it could be scarcely necessary to seize upon a single expression in a letter of business which might not tell well for the writer , and dwell upon this with such untiting force aad acrimony . I can only now say , that , as I am desirous to meet as large a body of my fellow countrymen as possible on the occasion of the coming discussion , I should much desire , that tub Eastern Institution , capable ( I believe ) of accommodating 4 , 000 persons , should be taken for tbe night ,
the expenses to be of course divided , as before proposed . I would also beg leave to suggest , ( if agreeable to the Committee of the Charter Movement , who are , I believe , empowered to act upon such occasions ) , Monday , the 8 th of February , for thispurpose ; the discussion to commence at six or seven in the evening , as may be most convenient . to the working classes generally . Permit me to add , that I have no doubt there are many even amongst the supporters of the Charter , fully equal to its defence and exposition in a public discussion of this nature . I did , however , state , and now repeat , that I do not wish my adversary to be , of necessity , one aud always the same , "because the object of our discussion will be toattain truth , and not an intellectual triumph over one
another , " and it might , by possibility , happen that I should start a new train of argument , which might be familiar to one , and not to another , of the chief advocates of the Charter . Without the slightest disposition to " swagger , " I did certainly express myself strongly as to the apparent dereliction of duty , which the absence of the ( so called ) Chartist leaders , might presenton such an occasion . The plain truth is , ( and perhaps lam now imprudent to st ate this , ) that 1 feared the friend > spf the Charter might scarcely wish for such a discussion ; not because they doubted the goodness of their cause , or because they shrunk in the slightest degree from meeting me particularly ; but because the Charter might not gain
much by a triumph on such an occasion , whilst an ) -I thing approaching to a defeat might do it at least great temporary injury . 1 wish it to be expressly understood that any opposition to " The Charter , " must net be held to apply to the Land Scheme , which , to a certain extent , may operate beneficially , in tending to raise tbe price of labour . In conclusion , Fellow Countrymen , let me express my conviction , that you will receive and hear me '" that fair and honourable spirit , which may be expected from an assembly of Englishmen and Freemen ; more particularly , as at least on the subject of tbe accursed New Poor Law , and the Ten Hours Bill , our sympathies may , I believe , be fairly said to
Challenge To Discuss " The People's Char...
go together . I have the honour to remain , in the conviction of your integrity of purpose and earnestmindedness , as well as that ( I may add ) of your somewhat rough-spoken friend , Mr , Feargus O'Connor , Your most obedient servant , Akchbr Gurnet , Barrister-at-Law . 4 , Maddox-atreet , Regent-street . 1 , Feb . 1847 .
London, 1st February, 1847. W Pea'sir,~A...
London , 1 st February , 1847 . w Pea ' Sir , ~ Asypu have made especial mention of Mr . O'Connor and myself in the challenge you have given the advocates of the Charter , Mr . O'Connor having already ' answered you , I need trouble you with but few words in reply . You will always find me ready to face any opponents of Chartism , since I believe its principles to have such intrinsic powetrthat ; however great , as in your case , the talents of an adversary may be , its advocates will be enabled to baffle the defenders of monopoly . But , Sir , since you belong to my own order of society and profession , I should feel it to be a matter of nnde , if a working man maintained the
truth of those principles triumphantly against you ; thus proving to your order and profession , that the working men of Enttland are able to defend the cause of justice without Heraldry or Bhckxtont . ResigniDft therefore , to my Brother Chartists the privilege of convincing you of the futility of opposing that cause , but at the same time holding myself in readiness to meet you at any opportunity , I subscribe myself , Your personal friend , but political opponent , EBNBsrJoMS . Archei Gurney , Esq . Ac . tfce .
To The Chartist Body. , Bbeihuen,—In Pur...
TO THE CHARTIST BODY . , Bbeihuen , —In pursuance of a resolution adopted by the National Convention held at Leeds in August last , the Executive Committee of the National Chatter Association request the attention of the Chartist body , to the importance of availing themselves of the faculties afforded by the present crisis of political events , in furtherance of the principles embodied in the People ' s Charter . In furtherance of that resolution , they have caused the petition for the said bill to be circulated through the country , and have employed the advocacy of Dr . M'Douall in furtherance of his objects .
The necessity of funds for carrying these intentions into effect , will be apparent to everyone , and seeing how other political movements have been carried in despite of popular conviction , through the means oi adequate resources , your committee feel assured that every Chartist will afford that pecuniary assistance so trifling for the individual , but so important in its results for the community , the more sons some have complained of tbe inactivity of your committee , forgetting tint they spared no efforts to carry the intentions of the Convention into effect , but that it was out of their power adequately to realise these intentions without the necessary means .
Id carrying out the intentions of the Convention , so far you will not be forgetful of those who have Buttered through the past struggle and therefore , your committee beg to point attention to the annexed memorial , praying for the return of our Chartist exiles , and exhort you to call public meetings for thispurpose , wherever practicable , recommending you to solicit the use of the Town Hall , and presence , and support of the chief magistrate , and members of the borough and county , wherever such meeting may be called ; and the memorial to be signed by the chairman on behalf of the meeting . Your committee , in conclusion , earnestly remind you , of the importance attaching to your present ffforts , and to showing an accession in the number of signatures to the Petition , as indicative of your increasing power , and unaltered determination to see the principles of tbe Charter embodied as a statute of tbe country . Philip M'Grath . Fbabpus O'Coshob . Thomas Clark' Thomas M . Whbslbb . Christopher Dotub , Secretary . TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD 70 ' flN RUSSELL , FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY . The humble memorial of the inhabitants of , in public meeting assembled , humbly sheweth , chat John Frost , William Jones , and Zephaniah Williams , were charged before a special commission with being leaders in an insurrectionary movement , which took place in Newport , Monmouthshire , in November , 1839 , and were sentenced to death , which sentence was commuted by the clemency of her Majesty to transportation for life . For this act of Royal mercy , your memorialists would express their gratitude to your Lordshin . seeing that at the titae it
took place your Lordship held the highly important office of chief adviser to the Crown . Your memorialists would entreat your Lordship ' s attention to the fact that the individuals aforesaid , had led lives of irreproachable integrity up to the period of the calamitous occurrence which entailed on them the vengeance of the laws of their country . Your memorialists would likewise mention the circumstance that , during the elapsed period of their transportation , their conduct has been exemplary to such a degree as to secure for them the highest privileges which the local authorities in the penal colo nies could concede .
That your memorialists humbly conceive that the punishment already endured by these men is amply sufficient to atone for tbe past , and to keep them and others in the paths of peace , law , and order for the future . Your memorialists earnestly entreat your Lordship ' s attention to these circumstances , in the strong hope that you will , in the exercise of the high functions of your office , recommend the aforesaid John Frost , William Jones , and Zephaniah Williams , as fit objects of Royal clemency , and that you will be pleased to advise the remission of their sentence , and their immediate restoration to their distressed families and bereaved friends . And your memorialists , as in duty bound , will ever pray .
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Mottram. The Following Communication Wil...
MOTTRAM . The following communication will be interesting to our Chartist readers : — During tbe past summer and autumn we have been engaged in the erection of a substantial stone building which is now completed . It contains several comma * dious rooms , libraries , dec , to which have been added a large assortment of useful and entertaining books . The upper room is capable of seating five hundred . The building has been erected , and is to be maintained , by the ] voluntary contributions of the industrious classes , aud a sum of from six to seven hundred pounds has been expended in its erection , this handsome edifice is now uied as a Sunday and day school . The first
contains about five hundred children of the working classes , who are taught reading and spelling , —and as soon as arrangements can be made , English Grammar and arithmetic . Our very amiable vicar wishing to be the Alpha and Omega of everything in the parish , has been at no little trouble to denounce the whsle fraternity as infidels . He preaches to small audiences of poor priest-ridden dupes , and thunders his anathemas from the pulpit , still the institution stands , still it prospers , This reverend gent , jind his subordinate go from house to house in the hope of coercing their dear parishioners into withdrawing their children . We regret to say that coercion has done what persuasion could not in some instances . But the days of priestcraft
are numbered- , its foundation , ignorance , is crumbling away . The building is intended to be used on all public occasions , for meetings , lectures , benefit societies , tbe In conclusion . I must in the name of the shareholders , Chartists , and a host of friends in the district , request Mr . O'fonnor to fulfil the promise he made me at the Moscly Arms , Manchester , in the spring of' 42 , to pay us a visit . We added some thousands to the last National Petition , which number we willincri-nse this time if possible . Presuming Mr . O'Connor intends visiting Manchester shortly , and being but a few miles frem there by the railway , 1 must request that gentleman to name the time he will come . — He may rely on having a hearty ivelcom ? , — and a meeting nothing less than a bumper . RotiEBT Wild .
DALSTON , NEAR CARLISLE . Avm'Iion op the National Petition . —A public meeting ot the inhabitants of Dalston was held on Saturday evening , January 30 , for the purpose of adopting the great National Petition . At the hour appointed for the meeting to commence , Mr . II . Murray was called to the chair , who briefly stated the object of the meeting . Mr . T . SowKnuv rose to move the first resolution , which was as follows : — That it is the opinion ol this meeting that the exclusion of six . sevenths of the male adult population of the community from the franchise is a direct violation of the laws of God , inasmuch as six-sevenths are left to the whim , the caprice , and the tyranny of one-seventh of the more wealthy' classes , and knowing as we do that tbe
Mottram. The Following Communication Wil...
franchise is the inherent right of all classes of the com . munity , this meeting is determined to use every legal aud constitutional means to cause the People ' s Charter to become the law of the land . Mr . T * Holland moved the adoption of the second resolution : — That it is the opinion of this meeting that thu Bill tn . titled the People ' s Charter is an embodiment of the principlos of equal representation , With details for securing their efficient operation , and believing that tbe enactment of the said Charter would be followed by measures which would ensure peace , prosperity and contentment among all classes of the community , this meeting therefore agrees to adopt a National Petition , praying Par . liament to render the document aforesaid a statute of this realm .
The resolutions were both put and carried . Mr . T . Sowerby fihen read and moved the adoption of tbe petition , which , on being put to the meeting ! adopted . f A resolution of confidence in , and thanks to , Messrs . O'Connor , M'Grath , Clark , Boyle , and Wheeler , was passed unanimously . A vote of thanks was also gWen to * Tv S . D ' jiricombe , Esq ., M . P ., for his services in the cause of the working classes .
I MANCHESTER . Mr . Dickinson , of Sunderland / delivered a lecture on " Universal Suffrage , " on Sunday , January 31 st , in the People ' s Institute . The audience was even larger than the two Sunday nights preceding . Many new members have been added to our association , and many old faces have come amongst us that we have missed for years . ; STALYBRIDGE . The National 'Petition . —A public meeting was held here , in the Town Hall , on the 21 st ult ., when the National Petition was unanimously adopted .
LEEDS . A requisition is about to be presented to the Mayor , requesting him to convene a public meeting to adopt the National Petition . It already numbers ten members of the Town Council , and several of the electors . It is hoped that many of the working men will sign before it is presented . They can do so t the Bazaar . NOTTINGHAM . At a meeting of the Election Committee , the following resolution was agreed to : — That the committee be empowered to obtain a revised list of the votes on the Register , to facilitate the commit , tee appointed to furnish the desired information to the Gential Committee of London . The next meeting will be holden on Sunday morning , February 15 th , at the Seven Stars , Barker Gates .
MAIDSTONE . Public Meetings . —On Monday and Tuesday even , ings last , two large meetings were held in thi . « Tory-ridden town , in furtherance of the Land and Charter movements . Both meetings were bumpers , andpassed off with the greatest eclCa . They were held in the County Assembly Rooms , and were addressed by Messrs . P . M'Grath and T . Clark , from London , and several of the working men of the town . NATIONAL VICTIM , WIDOW AND ORPHANS
RELIEF COMMITTEE . This Committee held a Meeting at the Land Office , 83 , Dean-street , Soho , on Tuesday evening , February the 2 nd , . when 10 s , was voted to Thomas Rayner Smart , and the like sum to Mrs . Ellis . The Whittington and Cat Locality are requested to send a delegate to the next meeting .
BOROUGH OF GREENWICH . The Democrats of this place , held a Public Meeting in celebration of tlie birth of Thomas Paine , at the Walters Arras , Church-street . Deptford , on Wedne-day evening , February the 3 rd . Mr . Hlbson very ably filled the chair , and gave "The memory of Thomas Paine . " " The People ' s Charter , " was ably responded to by Mr . Stallwood , as was " The National Co-operative Land Company" by Mr . Morgan , and " Feargus O'Connor and Thomas Buncombe , Esqrs . " by Mr . Firth . . - .-. .,- c • ¦ „_ . * - "IjA-MBETIT AND SOUTiiWARK .
At the South London Hall , on Sunday evening , Mr . Edmund Stallwood delivered a most eloquent and impressive oration on the life and writings of that great and good man , Thomas Paine , and proved from his works , his consistency , morality , and humanity . Mr . Brown , in a few brief and appropriate remarks supported the observations of the lecturer—A vote of thanks was awarded to Mr . Stallwood , and a like compliment was paid to Mr . William Hewitt , who presided on the occasion .
REGISTRATION AND ELECTION COMMITTEE . At the weekly meeting held at the Assembly Rooms , 83 , Dean-street , Soho , on Tuesday evening , February the 2 nd , Mr . Ernest Jones in the chair , Mr . Hornby reported from St . Pancras that they were about to bold a public meeting in that parish for the repeal of the rate paying clauses , over which Mr . Churchwarden Wagstaffe would preside . Mr . Stallwood reported that the Committee had
taken the Crown and Anchor for the evening of the I 7 ch instant , that the invitations had been duly forwarded to the metropolitan members and candidates for parliamentary honours , aud that Mr . Charles Cochrane had returned an answer to the effect , that he would attend- the meeting and contribute his mite towards liquidating the expenses of the same . The Committee then adjourned until Wednesday evening , February the 10 th , at eight o ' clock precisely .
MARYLEBONE . At a full meeting of the members , the following resolution on the motion of Messrs . Large and Trebilcock , was unanimously adopted . That it is highly desirable that a fund should be placed at the disposal of the Victim , Widow , and Orphan Rulief Committee , we therefore agree to pay one penny per month each in aid of the above object , and recommend our brethren throughout the country , to do the same .
SHEFFIELD . The Birth-Day of Thomas Paine was celebrated at the Hall of Science , on Tuesday evening , February 2 nd , by a Soiree . Mr . Councillor Ironside presided , supported by Mr . Councillor Briggs , Messrs . Jerison , Young , Jackson , Marshall , Nelson , Hanson , C . Crour , Huddersfield , and others . Tbe company included a fair proportion of ladies . After tea the following sentiments were spoken to in a series of interesting speeches— " The People , " " The Memory of Paine , " "AmericanIndependence , " "The world our country ; to do good our religion , ? " The Rights of Woman , " " All those who have suffered , and are now suffering in the cause of Liberty , " " A Free Press , " « fcc . & a . Singing and Dancing formed part of the evening ' s entertainment .
NORTHAMPTON . The National Petition . —On Wednesday evening last a crowded meeting was holden in the Temperance Hall for the purpose of adopting the National Petition . The principal speakers were Mr . G . J . Uolyoake , Mr . Christopher Doyle , and Mr . Eruest Jones , who delivered excellent speeches , which wore enthusiastically applauded . The Petition was unanimously adopted .
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Salford.—The Monthly Meeting Of The Memb...
Salford . —The monthly meeting of the members of the National Charter Association will be held in their room on Sunday next , February 7 , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , for passing of the accounts and the election of a new council for the next quarter . The Chartists of Salford are also respectfully informed that a voluntary subscription has been opened in their room , not for a pecuniary gift , but for the payment of a debt incurred on our account , due to Mr . O'Connor from the Defence Fund debt . Oldham . —On Sunday ( to-morrow ) a lecture will be delivered in the school-room of the Working Man ' s Hall , at six o clock in the evening , by a friend .
.... Rochdale . —Robert Wild , from Mottram , will lee . turo in the Chartist room , Mill-street , on Sunday next , ar two o clock in the afternoon , and six in the evening . Bolton . —A general members meeting of the Land and Charter Association will be held on Sunday evening , the 7 th of February , .-it six o ' clock . —All members in arvoar are requested to pay up the same , or thtsy will not be entitled to the benefits of the ensuinp ballot . Moitram . —The monthly meeting of the
shareholders in the Land Company will be held in the Lecture-room , opposite the Bull ' s Head , Mottram . on Sunday next , . February 1 th , at two o ' clock . — Same date and place , a public meeting will be held to adopt the National Petition , and to appoint proper persons to canvass the district for signatures . Nottingham . — The next meeting of the Land Company in this district will be held at the Fox and Hounds , Old Basford , on Sunday evening next , at six o ' clock , The supper in honour of tbe patriot
Salford.—The Monthly Meeting Of The Memb...
m W , U ** l < l Rt ttw Seve " - ^^ tiii'ha on Monday evening , February 8 , at seven o ' clock . Manchester , —On Sunday . February 7 , Mr . Torn * linsou , of Rochdale , will deliver a lecture in the People ' s Institute , Heyrod-strcet , chair to be taken at half-past six o ' clock , and on Wednesday the 10 th instant , a public meeting will be held in the same place , to petition Parliament to abolish the rate-paying clause of the Reform Bill . Chair to be taken at eight o clock . BiLsroN . —A public meeting will be held on Mon ^ day evening , February S , at seven o ' clock precisely , for the purpose of adopting a petition to Parliament , praying for the repeal of the rate-paying clauses of the Reform Bill . Dr . M'Douall , Mr , Linney , and others will address tbe meeting .
Blackburn . — A meeting of the friends of Chartism will take place on Sunday , the 7 th of February , in the Temperance Hotel , Whally Bank , the members of the Co-operative Land Company , belonging to the several sections , are requested to pay up their local and general expense leviee , so as to insure a chance for the ballot , which takes place on the 22 nd instant . Hull . —A general meeting of the mwnbMB w the National Charter Association will be held on Sunday , February 1 , at the Ship Inn , at eight 0 clock precisely , on business of importance .
UDBuiir . —The members of the Land Company meet at Mr . Henry Brooks , Homend Street , every Monday evening , from eight till nine o ' clock . Ashton . —The central committee in connection with the case of Dr . M'Douall will meet in the Chartist room , Bentinck Street , Asbton , on Sunday next , at two , p . h ., when the friends of the Dr . in the surronndtni » towns are requested to attend . Armlkv District . —A meeting is held weekly at Mr . John Barkers , Wils !> B-fold ,. Towngate , Armley . LivBnrooL . —The Chartists of Liverpool are desirous of forming a district in connection with this locality , and would be very glad to hear from the following ; places : —Birkenhead , Chester , Preacot , Warrington , Preston , Lamberhead Green , Leatherland , and any other town net mentioned in this list . All communications addressed to Mr . Fly . Smith , at Mr . Farreil ' e , Temperance Hotel , No . 4 , Carneau Street . ,:
The Liverpool members of the Chartist Land Company are requested to attend the quarterly meeting , on next Monday night , at Mr . Fatrell ' s , Temperance Hotel , i , C . izneau Street , at eight n ' olock . Lancashire Miners . —Tbe general delegate meeting of the Lancashire miners will be held on Monday next , February 8 , at the house of Mr . J . Britton , Commercial Inn , Dukinfield . Chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . Newion Abbot . —The members of this branch ef the National Land Company are requested to meet on Monday evening next , at the houie of Mr . John Elms , No . 1 , East Street , at three o ' clock . BniisiKOHAM . —Dr . M'Douall will lecture in the Peepje ' s Hall , on Sunday evening , February 7 , at halt-past six o ' clock .
Leeds . —The discussion on Lerd John Russell ' s measures for the relief of Ireland will be resumed to-morrow evening , at half-past six , ; by Mr . JMacintosh . The Council will meet to-morrow night , at nine o ' clock . . Norwich . —AMeeting of the National Land Company will be held at the Old Library Room , St . Andrew ' s Hall , Norwich , on Wednesday evening , the 10 th of February , at half-past seven . Huddersfield . —The Members of the Chartist Land Com pany are hereby informed , thae the Meetings every second and last Tuesday evenings in the month , will in future be held a * . Ibbitson ' s Temperance Hotel , next door to Mr . Pitkethtey ' s , in Buxton-road , and not at dinner ' s ; as heretofore . The next meeting will be on the 9 th instant .
Bristol . —The Members of the National Charter Association will meet at Nicholls ' s Coffee House , 14 , Rosemary-street , on Monday evening next , February 8 th . ' Porisra . —Messrs . P . M'Grath , and T . Clark , will address a Public Meeting here , on Monday evening next , February the 8 th . WiNCHEsiEB . —On Tuesday evening next , February the 9 th , Messrs . T . Clark , and P . M'Grath will address a Public Meeting in this city . Nottingham . —A Meeting will be held at Mr , Smith's , Temperance Coffee House , Low Pavement , on Sunday morning , February 8 th . Whst Ridin q delegate Meeting . —This Meeting will be holden on Sunday , ( to-morrow ) in the working Man ' s Hail , Bull-close lane , Halifax , to commence at half-past twelve o ' clock . Halifax . Mr . Clissit will lecture , to-morrow evening , at six o ' clock . -. - -
Assembly Rooms , 83 , Dean-street , Soho . — Mr . John Skelton will deliver a course of three lectures at this institution , commencing on Sunday evening next , February 7 , and continuing the two succeeding Sunday evenings , embracing—Civil Government ; tbe Production and Distribution of Wealth ; and Theology , and Education . .-The lecture will com * meiice eaoh evening at half-past seven precisely , Marvlebone . —Mr . C . Doyle will lecture at the Coach Painters Areas , Circus-street , on SutvHy evening next , February 7 . Subject—The present State of political and social affairs .
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Dreadful Murder At Derby. On Tuesday Eve...
DREADFUL MURDER AT DERBY . On Tuesday evening , at 5 o clock a horrible murder was committed in this borough by a man named Cross , who , after committing the crime , was in the act of escaping from his bouse , when lie was captured by the police , and taken into custody . The person who has committed this brutal crime ' . is Thomas | Cross , ; a gardener , living iu St . Petcr ' s-street , and the objects of his cruelty were his wile aud Mrs . Osborne , the wife of a baker , residing next door to him . Cross and his wife , it seems , were in their house alone , and one of his daughters coming home , and not seeing ; iier mother about , attempted to go up stairs , when she was prevented by the father , and an altercation took place . The daughter instantly went to her next door neighbour ( Mrs . lOsborne ) , and
asked her to go in , and prevail upon her father to permit her to see her mother . Mrs . Osborue , on going to the house , was savagely attacked by Cross , who stabbed her in the neck and face , and would have murdered her , had not the daughter seized and pinioned his arms . An alarm was given , and Mrs . Osborne , while bleeding in the ' . most profuse manner , was conveyed into her house , and medical assistance was obtained . The wounds were found to be of the most serious character , the most formidable one being in the internal carotid artery , which was pierced close to the base of the skull . 1 his vessel being one of the most important in the body , it was , utter a consultation , agreed that Mr . Fearn should tie the artery lower down in the neck , which was successfully performed , and the hemorrhage was arrested . Mrs . Osborne still continues alive . On searching Cross ' s house his wife was found with her throat cut . The
poor creature lay upon a bed in the chamber on the first floor upstairs , and appeared to have sunk down upon it , as her feet nearly touched the floor . Her right hand was cut as if she had grasped the edge of a knife , and upon her wrist there was a severe wound . One underneath her chin must have caused instant death . The chamber floor had an immense quantity ef blood upon it , as thouglfsome one had passed from the window , a distance of a yard and a half , to the bed , and the carpets were saturated with blood . The house was decently furnished for poor people ,
and on the table opposite the fire in the house place were a teaboard with two cups and saucers , and the crockery were party filled with blood . By the side of the teaboard lay two knives , one a clasp-knife , covered with blood , the one ho doubt which Cross had used against Mrs . Osborne . The wretched man appears to have gone into a kitchen and washed his hands , one of which is seriously wounded . Mrs . Osborne was sufficiently sensible to depose to the circumstances before the mayor , Mr . W . Eaton , but she lies without hope of recovery .
the inquest . Derby , Wednesday . The inquest on the body of the deceased was commenced this afternoon , and was adjourned after the reception of some evidence ( including thatof the prisoner ' s daughter ) , which went principally to prove the attack upon Mrs . Osborne . Derby , Thursday . —The jury continued their enquiries , and heard the evidence of several witnesses . From the statements of Mr Johnson , surgeon , who had attended the prisoner , there can be but little doubt that the dreadful acts above desribed were done during a fit of derangement . The Jury returned a verdict of " Wilful Murder against Thes . Cross . " The prisoner has been coram tied to gaol for trial at the next assizes .
The Manchester Lving-In Hospital Destroy...
The Manchester Lving-in Hospital destroyed ) by Fire . —This public institution was destroyed by f lire on Thursday morning , and the lives of the house 3 surgeon and four females , cue of whom was the 0 matron , who lived on the premises , were placed in n considerable jeopardy . The fire had originated in n the surgery during the night , but how it originated A is not known , and the inmates owe their escape to lo the accidental waking of the female servant about it twenty minutes past five o ' clock in the morning ig from a sense of suffocation . She gave the alarm to to the surgeon , and afterwards to the matron , n . t h the he
These parties cried for help uoitg windows , and short ladders were brought and ad placed under their windows , but not reach- > ning to them by several yards , the sleeping rooms ms being in the third , or top story , the surgeoa m let himself down ( by tieing the sheets of his bed to- together ) to the ladder under his window ; and the the matron , exercising wonderlul presence of mind and ind steadiness for a f emale , under the c . rcumstama , tied led some bheets to gether , and fastening one end to the the bottom of the window sash , out of which she ^ rqke ^ w ^ oane of class , lowered her daughter , the jwnoiht / hjif <» nf < an aeed female relative , succeasivelyrdftWa to ' Ohe of » of the short ladders , and then follow * \ ie irwlf , f aU ^ aU Ascaoine in perfect safety . All was d « a # 6 yfld except oepfc tbe outer walls of the building . Tb « W * we no pa- > patients in the hospital at the time . ' ,--- \ t r
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 6, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_06021847/page/1/
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