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Gsxtlemex,—As there is every prospect of...
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TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS AND NON-ELECTORS OF EDINBURGH.
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MURDER AT ST. DELIER'S, JERSEY. The toir...
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VOL. X, NO. 434. LONDON, SATURDAY, JiAmi...
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Jforeip 9fou&
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We have this week further, but by no mea...
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THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND..(From the Ge...
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THE WAll IN INDIA. ARRIVAL OF TI1E0VERLA...
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MISERS' ST1UKE IN LANCASHIRE. Wc arc sor...
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Cranes' flftosmimtts*
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Ctetist JtattUtoence*
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CHARTIST CANDIDATES,, qualified to serve...
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irdaitiu
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MAi'O ELECTION.—MOTS AND LOSS OF LIFE. D...
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DREADFUL ACCIDENT AT GREENWICH. THHEB LI...
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Robbkhy of Watches.—The officers employe...
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lorce£ ha^v atrace b tlje 'coursc a ani^...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Gsxtlemex,—As There Is Every Prospect Of...
Gsxtlemex , —As there is every prospect of a general election very speedily taking place , 1 beg leave tu offer myself as a candidate for your suffrages , upon purely Conservative principles—upon principles which , in my opinion , must lie adopted to secure the pre-eminence that England has so long buasicd of . Perhaps it is but right , that iu this age of active thoug ht and boasted inconsistency , as necessary to keep pace with , the march , of mind and progress of
commerce , that 1 should state my views clearly and exp licitly . I am , then , an advocate for annual Parliaments ; because 1 find that what is thought virtue and policy to-day are considered-vice and ignorance to-morrow . It is because I find that a Parliament elected in 1 S 41 was obliged to violate its pledges in JSi 2 , and to confess its ignorance in ISiO , that I look for a representation as active as the circumstances ¦ which it is called upon to govern , and I think it should be an emanation from that mind rather than its eontroller .
I am for giving the vote to every man of twenty-One years of age , of sound mind , and not in prison as a felon—because all other systems of representation have failed , and because it is impossible to cause an equitable distribution of the wealth of the country unless those who produce it bate the power of electing those who shall make laws for its government . 1 am for equal representation , because I hold it to be ridiculous that niue or ten dukesand peers should
elect one-tenth of the representative body of the country , while those who produeeaUits wealtUshouul jbe debarred the pririlege of Toting . I am for abolishing property qualification for-mem bers of Parliament , and for making the choice of the electors the only test of fitness , as is now the case in Scotland . I am an advocate for this principle , because , -with the most extended representation , class legislation must existso long as the electors must select an individual having £ 000 a-year for a county , and £ 30 t » a-yearfor a city , town , or borough—as is now the case in England , Ireland , . and Wales .
1 am for the payment of members ; because 1 believe , firstly , that the servant is entitled to bis wages ; secondly , because it is the only mode by which the corrupt practice of bribing members by places and pensions can be destroyed ; andthirdly , because it is absolutely necessary to give honest poverty and intelligence an equal chance with wealth and ignorance . In a word , gentlemen , 1 am for the People ' s Charter , with the exception of the ballot ; and 1 am not for that , because 1 consider it an insult to put a mask upon an bonest face , and because I would consider it unnecessary if the electoral body was so ex-Jensive as to defy the snares of the wily and ihe ma .-1 carnations of tne wealthy .
Gentlemen , I am iuduced to offer myself for the representation of your ancient city , because I , perhaps , like many of you , consider ilr . Babington Maeaulcy as a most unfit and improper representative . 1 shall reserve the fuller development of my political Tiews until I hare the honour of appearing before tou , which I pledge myself to do upon the next opportunity , and to stand the contest with " alloppouents that may then present themselves . I have the honour to remain , Gentlemen , Your obedient servant , Feakgc-s O'Cosxoh .
To The Independent Electors And Non-Electors Of Edinburgh.
TO THE INDEPENDENT ELECTORS AND NON-ELECTORS OF EDINBURGH .
TO THE IRISH LABOURERS ASD TRADESMEN RESIDING IX GREAT BRITAIN . Fjoaow Coumeimex , —It lias always given me great pain to see my brave , honest , hard-working countrymen driven from , forced from the laud of their forefathers , to seek a precarious subsistence in another country . Do you & now how it happens that so many of you hare been forced to leave your native land since 1 S 2 U ' . Prior to that period there were comparatively few of you in England . Prior to that period most of you had neat cottage * ; some land , and a great many of you were forty shilling freeholders , llow comes it , then , that you have been hunted out of your country
like wild beasts ? My poor fellows , you do not know . Little you know of tiie manner in which you have been sold , betrayed , banished ; but , fellow countrymen , you shall have a full and true account of the p lan laid for your destruction , signed by your betrayer , in tlit ' Star of Satunlay , tlit 14 tk inst . The drawing of the Bill , or Act of Parliament * lor your banishmeutfromtheJand ofyourkrtb , theJand which you love so dearly , avowed , and acknowledged , and under the hand and seal of the man in -whose honour you confided , signed by the man for whoiuyoa were , and still are , read v to lay down your Jives .
"Sou are cheated , sold , betrayed , banished , for money and office by the very man in whom you put jour whole trust I God forgive him' for I do not , nor cannot ! As yet , bat one part , or " wing , " as he called it , of his still-born Bill has been carried into effect ; the other " wing" the " clerical" one , has not become law yet ; but the devil is hard at work to carry it also . In order to prepare you for this infernal scheme ,
by which you have been ruined , destroyed to such an extenljthat in 1 & 27 , there were more Chartists in Ireland than there are inhabitants in it now altogether . Well , then , the constitutions proposed fur Catholic Emancipation by your betrayer were two , which this archfiend called " wings . " One of which was O-. e d & frandiisement of llie forty slutting freeholders . The other was the payment of tin Catliolk clerii' f , and the uominationof the Catholic Bishops by the ftritisA Sovardmi ! Here is corruption with a
vengeance ; I shall say no more , but leave you to judge for yourselves , when you see the thing itself . PaTIUCK O'lIlGGISS . Dublin . March 3 , 1316 .
Murder At St. Delier's, Jersey. The Toir...
MURDER AT ST . DELIER'S , JERSEY . The toirn and neighbourhood of Sand-street were on Friday afternoon thrown into a state of treat excitement in consequence of a report of a murder having been committed on the person of 3 Ir . Centenier Le Cromer , by a woman of the name of Le Cendre , at a detestable haunt of vice well known under the appellation of ' * Mulberry Cottage . " The house in questiou is the same in whbh a riot lately took place , and from whence several abandoned females were lodged in the hospital , and several young men beaten and some severely wounded . The Occurrence of this melancholy affair , we learn , took place under the following circumstances : —
It appears , that Centenier Le Cronier was drawing np a report against the parties who were lodged in gaol on Sunday week , for creating a riot at Le -Gendre ' s bouse . The Centenier wanted information on some points , and therefore , accompanied by police officer Manuel , he repaired to the house where the riot occurred , in order to ascertain the facts he required , and to lodge Le Geudreand his " wile"iu gaol , so as to ensure their presence in court this day . The latter course he deemed the most sure , and accordingly , when he arrived at the house , he said he was come to arrest them , unless they gave security for their appearance in court .
The woman bacanie excited , and exclaimed that she would neither go to gaol nor give security . The police said it was useless to resist , as they were come on purpose to arrest them , if they did not give security ; when the woman rushed at Centenier with a large knife , which , it is said , she held in her hand beneath her apron , and p lun « ed it deeply into his abdomen on the right side , exckiniing , " Take that , you , that ' s my security . " The knifi-penetrated to a considerable extent , inflicting a frightful wound , from which the bowels protruded . Mr . Le Cronier instantly exclaimed , "Oh , I ' m . stabbed—I ' m a dead inau I" and called two or three persons who were present to bear witness that he was about to pronounce his will—which was , that his wife should have onethird of his property more than what the law allowed her .
Mr . Le Cronier was taken to the house of Mr . Binet , currier , and medical assistance was sent for ; messengers were also despatched for advocates Godiray and Le Sueur , to reduce Mr . Le Cromer ' s will to writing . Thzj both repaired to the spot immediately , when the instrument was drawn up , amidst the tears and lamentations of the relatives and friends oi the dying man . Mr . U . Manuel , also a police officer , had a narrow escape of his life by the same wretch and murderous instrument , she having made a . stab at him , but -which he fortunately avoided by quickly moving ¦ aside , and darting from the house to the street . "When she found she had failed in her attempt she threw the knife over a wall into the adjoining premises , where it was found and given in charge to Mr . Richard , of Sand-street .
Immediately after the bloody deed was perpetrated , ' the man Le Gendre made his escape from the house , and was pursued by several persons , who succeeded in captnrmghim near Minden-place , from whence he was taken to gaol , where the murderess had previously bees lodged . Satcm ) at . Half-past Twelve . —Since iheabove was written , it is our painful duty to state that the unfortunate victim , Mr . te Cronier , has just ilied . His loss to the community will be severely i'dt ; as a . zealous -officer of police , he was ever on the alert where his duty and patriotism called him , and foremoit in every case of danger that eune under his notice , lie is deeply regretted in a large circle of friends , and his death must be deeiily felt by his beic ^ Tcd relatives .
And National Trades' Journal.
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. X, No. 434. London, Saturday, Jiami...
VOL . X , NO . 434 . LONDON , SATURDAY , JiAmiT ? , 1846 . ~ ~ ^ mcsi , «»™«» or
Jforeip 9fou&
Jforeip 9 fou &
We Have This Week Further, But By No Mea...
We have this week further , but by no means satis factory , news of the progress of
THE WAR IN INDIA , the particulars of which we give in another column . It will be seen that the Sikhs , so far from being conquered , or even humbled , by their defeat at Moodkeeand Ferozeshah , had again crossed the Sutlej , and were again strongly encamped on the British side of the river . In addition to the army opposite to Ferozepore , and menacing it as well as Sir Henry Hardinse ' s scanty force , another Sikh army or division , estimated atunwards of 30 , 000 , and a formidable
force of artillerv , had boldly crossed the river within sight of Loodianah , and encamped . The latest rumour at Bombav avers that Sir Harry Smith bad been repulsed iu his attack on the second body of the Sikhs . The most sanguine believers in " the conquest of the Punjaub , " believe that it will take eighteen months to complete the job ; there are others who are sceptical whether it will be done in that time , or even done at all . ' Horrible slaughter , " gore and glory J" may be expected to fill the newspapers on the receipt ot the next mail .
The most important news of the week , for the people of this country , is the intelligence from
THE UiMTED STATES of the refusal of the American government to submit the question of their , and the British claim to the Oregon territory to a court of arbitration ; followed by the important news of the adoption , by the House oi Representatives , of the resolutions providing for theabrogation of the convention of 1827 . Anouiline of the correspondence between the British Minister and the American Secretary of State , together with the resolutions adopted , will be found in another column . It appears that the members who voted for the resolutions were democrats , 121 ; Whigs , 37 ; natives . 5 : total . 163 : against the resolutions there
were democrats , 15 ; "Whi gs , 37 ; native , 1 ; total , 54 . Majority for the resolutions , 10 tf . ' I here were only three members absent—two democrats and one Whig . All the members from South Carolina voted against the notice but one . This is a signifieantfaet , as it points to a similar course on the part of the Senators from that state . The votes of members from the other southern states were pretty equally divided . The probability is that the resolutions hare also passed the Senate ; indeed , of that there can be no reasonable doubt ; the question must , therefore , now be brought to a speedy " settlement" either by peaceable or forcible means .
The most interesting of European news is the re ported progress of
THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND , of which some details will be found in another column . These details , token , for the most part , from German papers in the pay , or under fear of the German despots , must be received with great caution . Seeing the side these papers are compelled to take , we infer that the insurrection is marching through Poland , notwithstanding all the efforts of the German journals to make Western Europe believe the contrary . It appears that the Bishop of Geissneu and Posen has been arrested , and lodged in the fortress of Graudentz . Fresii outbreaks are reported to have taken place in Gallicia ( Austrian Poland ) . The arsenals and prisons ( where political prisoners are confined ) are eveiynrhere the object of
attack ; and it is a remarkable feature of this movement that iu Gallicia the " proprietors" are more obnoxious to the people than even the agents of the government ; severe conflicts have taken place between the peasantry and their masters , and several " proprietors" arc said to be prisoners in the hands of the patriots . Communism las been of late making rapid progress in Poland , particularly in Gallicia ; even in Posen the " conspirators" are reported to ' have promised tkv land to the peasantry , and hence the enthusiasm of the latter . Letters from the Danube of the 20 th ult ., state that a report was abroad that a revolution , similar to that of 1830 , had broken out in Warsaw . It is said that an insurrection has also burst forth in Lithuania . In the
extracts from the German papers , our readers will see some account of the insurrection in Cracow , provoked by the insolent invasion of the Austrian troops . Letterslfrom Breslau , of the 25 th of February , state that the patriots have gained possession of the city , and driven out the Austrian ? . It was said that the Russian and Austrian agents at Cracow had bqen killed . We take the following from the Auosortr ;; Ahjemalue Ztituwj , of Feb . 2 Sth : — " At this moment ( at an hour when the half of our impression is printed off ) we receive accounts from Vienna , dated Feb . 25 th , which state that General-V . Collins ,
thinking it advisable , with the few Austrian troops under his command , to evacuate Cracow , because the insurgents round Cracow were increasing to such large masses that he heard they might gain the important passage over t > e Vistula Podgoreze , and thus carry the revolution far into the country , had retreated , without being attacked by the insurgents , to his former position , Podgoreze . " Our prayers are f « r the success of the insurrection . Should the struggle last much longer , it is possible that the German despots may find work enough cut out for them at home . Europe is weary of the domination ol these crowned and privileged ruffians .
GERMANY the festival in memory of Luther was celebrated all over the Protestant states ou the ISth . In Bavaria no public solemnity was allowed . In Austria all was silent , the silence of death ! Private letters from Frankfort give the outline of what is going on in the sessions of the Diet . Priucc Metternich is said to be ' * as busy as the devil in a galeof wind , " devising coercive measures against the German Catholic Dissenters and the press . The south of Germany is threatened with an Austrian intervention , which , if
it takes place , will at least afford to the Poles and Italians a favourable opportunity of settling long standing accounts . The imbecile King of Prussia , iu tue midst of revolutions and coming revolutions , is passing his time in discussing " confessions oi faith" with the municipal council of Breslau . Nero fiddling while Rome was burning was the personification of wisdom compared with this pietistie foul , who bids fair to be remembered by posterity , by the side of our James Ife , who " lost three kingdoms for a mass . flip ru-irs from
FRANCE is but of trifling import . On Thursday , the editor of the Gazette dt Frame was sentenced , by the Court of Assizes of Paris , to one year ' s imprisonment and 3 , 000 f . fine , for an article containing attacks against the rights which the King derives from the choice of the nation . The " traitor of the barricades' * it intriguing to accomplish a reconciliation with the tyrant Nicholas ; at the same time the Poles in Paris are placed under the surveillance of the police . The Italian refugees are favoured in the like manner . The accounts from
SPAIN show the new Ministry to be already in trouble , and , it is believed , on the point of breaking up . Letters from
ITALY state , that the publication of the depositions of the Polish uun , Macrina Mieezyslaska , had given great offence to the Pope ; Cardinal Lambrushiui had addressed a note to the ambassador of Russia , M . de lioutenieff , in which he protested against a publicatiun which , he Ktid , could only have been made by parties desirous to disturb the good understanding , and impede the negotiations pending between the Holy See and Russia . We predicted this at the very time that the triple-crowned , triply-infamous old hypocrite was shedding his crocodile tears over the
recital of the sufferings of the poor Polish nuns . Letters from Leghorn state , that about fifty persons have been arrested atPesaro and Gann , in the Roman States . Some others had contrived to elude the search of the police , and amongst them Count Montevecchi , belonging to one of the first families in the country . The individuals compromised in tho late affair at Rimini , who to the number of twentytwo had set sail on the Adriatic , but had been obliged from stress of weather to put into Fiume , in Dalniatia , have been given up by Austria to the Papal government . They lately arrived in an Austrian vessel at Ancona , and have been shut up in the fort . From
ALGERIA we have the uttttrf news—namely , Marshal Bugeaud trying to catch Abd-el-Kader ; and , as Punch has it-He made the most perfect arrangements 1 ' or catching him ere he started , But whenever he got To a suitable ipot , Abd-el-Kader had just departed . When the Marshal after him trundled , To secure the rascal trusting , All at once he'd appear , And annoy his rear In a manner the most disgusting . There was great expectation in Paris , But to the War Minister ' s sorrow The telegraph ' s tale Kan thus , without fail ' The capture ' s put off fill to-morrow "
The Insurrection In Poland..(From The Ge...
THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND . . ( From the German papers . ) WiRsm , 16 th February . —A very fortunate event is the arrest , of the most important Polish chie f s , which was effected yesterday and last night . Among these are two of the greatest nobles , the Counts Ig . natito and Constan .... ki , one of whom was sent away yesterday , and the other to-day , under a strong escort . Ukeslaw , rebruary 18 th . —A very eminent Polish landowner has been arrested in Ostrowo , and conveyed to Posen . At Ostrowo itself the agitation was so great that the magistrates found it necessary to address the assembled citizens . The Russian Commissioner has dissolved the Resource at Kalisch .
Poses , bebruary 18 . —The-arrcsts still continue . A rien landowner was yesterdav brought here from - i 1 ' ,. fllc , milltj » . v have had ' their pieces loaded with ball , and the hussars received yesterday sabres ground to an ed ge . Large sumsiu gold have been taken from some of the persons arrested . Of course there is much talk among the public , on the plans of the conspirators . There were ten at the head of the whole , each of whom had three under him , then a « ain three under him , ami so on , so that those under No . 3 , did not know the leaders ( No . 1 ); and so in
the following divisions the principals were unknown . Papers , too , are said to have been found , written with invisible chemical ink . The plot was to have broken out yesterday , by setting fire to the city in several places at once , and the members had provided themselves with the Polish uniform . The outbreak in Posen was to be supported by similar movements in other places . The public offices were all disposed of , yid Prince Czartoriski , in France , was designated as King of Poland , llow much truth there may be in all these reports will soon appear from the judicial investigations .
The Cologne Gazette publishes the following letter from Vienna of the 23 rd ult . : — " The state of public opinion in Gallicia has had its influence upon the Poles of our Polytechnic Institution . They have consequently been subjected to a strict surveillance . On the night of the 21 st , six students belonging to the School of Artillery , which furnishes officers for the army , disappeared , and it is supposed that they have gone to Gallicia to join the insurgents . " The Augsburo Gazette publishes the following intelligence from Cracow : —
" At ten o ' clock at night on the 21 st a skyrocket was sent tip at a short distance from the Botanic Gardens , and was generally regarded as the signal for revolt . The Austrian " General ( Golin ) immediately ordered half a squadron and a company of infantry into the town . Between tour and five in the morning the troops were attacked . A very murderous fire was directed against them from the windows of the principal square . The troops , however , repulsed the aggress .-. rs , who had a great « a » ny people killed . Forty prisoners were captured , lor the most part inhabitants ef Cracow . The Austrian troops had live men and one officer killed . Several bands of armed peasants had come up to the gates of the town , but had not ventured upon an attack . A picket of twenty-five Austrian horse had been attacked on the territory of the Countess Potocka , by a band of peasants , and the officer commanding it had received a severe wound . "
The I ' russian Universal 6 \ ceM
GOVEKXJIE . YT . Liv £ rpooi ,, NosDxr EvBsixa . —By the packet-ship Patrick Henry we have received New York advices to the 'Jth ult . inclusive . It appears that Mr . President Polk has officially announced to Congress the determination of the American government to refuse all arbitration on the Oregon question . The lollowiug is an outline of this important correspondence between our minister , Mr . Pakenham , and the American Secretary of State , and whic ' . i , on the Tth , was communicated to Congress . The first dispatch is dated—Dee . 13 th , IS 15 . —Letter to Mr . M'Lane from Mr . Buchanan , asking Mr . M'Lanc ' s opinion whether the military preparations making in England are / or us ; and requesting him to ask Lord Aberdeen .
Jan . 3 rd , 1 S 4 G . —Reply of Mr . M'Lane to above . He had an interview with Lord A ., who said the British government was obliged to look to the possible unavoidable result of the controversy with the U . S ., and , iu that case , the preparations would be found useful and important . But they had other and general objects . Mr . M Lane ' s own opinion is , that a portion of the preparations are peculiarly adapted for , and adapted to a w . * r with the U . S . He says that Great Britain will act promptly and vigorously at first , so as to bring the war to a speedy conclusion . 27 th Dee ., 1815 . —Letter from Mr . Pakenham to Mr . Buchanan . Admits that negotiation has failed , and , as a last resource , proposes to leave the questiou of a just partition of the territory to a third and disinterested party .
3 rd January , 1 S 4 G . —Answer of Mr . Buchanan to above . The President will not submit any question but that title , because he had taken the ground on the 2 Uth August that our title was clear to the whole of Oregon ; and he won ' t submit that , because he cannot bike from the control of the people of the United States a ( question of territorial right , and leave it to a foreign power . 3 rd January , 1 S 4 C . —Mr . Pakenham , in reply , informs Mr . Buchanan that he will transmit Mr . Polk ' s decision to the British minister at Loudon .
16 th January , 1846 . —Letter from Mr . Pakenham to Mr . Buchanan . Reminds the government of the United States that if the United States claimed the whole of the Oregon , that Great Britain also asserted certain rights in the territory , for which lie a > ked as much consideration from the U . S . as the U . S . expected to receive from Great Britain for her pretension . He proposes , if the United States have an objection to kings , to summit the question to the arbitration of a mixed convention , with an umpire , or to a body of distinguished civilians , lie proposes to meet the views of tiie United States by submitting the question of title , and in case it be found that neither party has a title to the whole , then to submit the question of equitable partition .
4 th Feb ., 1846 . —Answer to the above . The PresidcnS absolutely refuses arbitration . In the course ot his letter Mr . Buchanan states that , " To no Iiower , however intelligent or respectable , nor to any body ol' citizens , could the United States consent to refer a claim of a character like that she possesses to the Oregon territory . "
LATER , AND HIGHLY IMPORTANT NEWS . By a private merchant vessel accounts have been received from the States up to the 11 th ult . On the Dth the following resolutions passed the House of Representatives : — " Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America , in Congress assembled , that the President of the United States cause notice to be given to the government of Great Britain , that the convention between the United States of America and Great Britain , concerning the territory of the north-west coast of America , west of the Stony Mountains , of the 6 th August , 1827 , signed at London , shall be annulled and abrogated in twelve mouths after giving said notice .
" 2 . And be it further resolved , that nothing herein contained is intended to interfere ivitk the right and discretion of the proper authorities of the two contracting parlies to renew or pursue negotiations for an amicable settlement of the controversy respecting the Oregon territory . " For the resolutions , 163 ; against , 54 ; majority ,
The Wall In India. Arrival Of Ti1e0verla...
THE WAll IN INDIA . ARRIVAL OF TI 1 E 0 VERLAND MAIL . TIIE SIKHS AGAIN ON TIIE INDIAN SIDE OF THE SUTLEJ . —MOKE BATTLES . Loxnos , Fiuday iMoiutuo . —The Overland Mail has been received by extraordinary express from Marseilles , bringing letters and papers to the following dates : —Bombay , Feb . 2 ; Calcutta , Jan . 21 ; and China , Dec . 24 . The intelligence by this arrivalthough not of the
, stirring nature which we had last to report , is yet of considerable interest , as it shows that the Sikhs , thoug h beaten at Moodkee and Ferozeshah , as we have seen , still keep the field ;—nay more , have recro-scd the Sutlej iu great force to try their fortune in another vm \ sA with our troops . According to the reports that were current , their whole arm * amoui . ted to between CO . OOO and 70 , WO men , ** itl ' 110 [ lieCliS ( if m'llnaBW ' , but the division « hic-li r < - erossed the Sutlej is variousl y estimated at only from 20 , 000 to 30 , 000 . As a matter of policy , it
The Wall In India. Arrival Of Ti1e0verla...
was presumed , theiSikhs were unmolested in the construction of the pontoons by means of which they ellectetl the passage of the river . The position of the British army was as follows : — Sir John Littler and his division were at Attaree , seven miles from Feroz-pore ; the head-quarters oi the Commander-in-Chief were six miles higher up the river ; and the Umbailah force was four miles beyond this , or seventeen miles from Ferozepore , whew the Governor-General remained . The division of Sir Harry Smith had moved in the direction of Loodianah . It was towards this latter point that attention was almost wholl y turned as the scene of the conflict , which , according to general report . took place on the 21 st of January . The letters written from Loodianah , of as late a date as the 28 th January , describe numerous skirmishes for several days previous , and indicated , at least , the immediate presence of the enemy .
Troops were moving in all directions upon the Sutlej , and , independently of the army of from 15 , 000 to 20 , 000 men assembling to the westward of the Commaudei ' -in-chief , under Sir Charles Napier , would , according to the most authentic returns , compose a force of upwards of 40 , 000 men of all arms . A great increase of the army generally was in progress . In Scindc all was tranquil , and perfect quiet reigned throughout the interior of India .. From China the intelligence is not of any particular
interest . THE BATTLE OF THE 21 st OF JANUARX REPORTED REPULSE OF THE BRITISH . Some skirmishing took place near the Sikh bridge of boats on the 13 th , 14 tb , ' aud 15 th of January , without any remarkable effect . On the 15 th the Sikhs came over the river at Phulloor , plundered the neighbourhood , and pitched a camp on the left bank , in the British territory . On the following days they made some further advances , and intrenched themselves near a nulla . Sir II . Smith moved his brigade up the Sutlej , driving the enemy before him until the 21 st , in the morning , when he came upon one of the fortified
positions of the enemy , which fired grape shot amongst the British troops . Some of the native troops are said to have thrown down their arms , and to hare fled ; leaving the Europeans to bear the brunt of the battle , llor Majesty ' s 53 rd and 31 st were engaged , and arc said to have suffered severely , but they demanded to be led anew to the fight , which Sir 11 . Smith did not deem it prudent to do , and therefore withdrew the twops . The Agra Ukhbar construes the retirement into a defeat ; while the Delhi Gazette states , that heavy firing was heard in the direction of Loodianah during the whole of the afternoon of that day . Nothing positive appears to have been known as to the results of that day when the mails were leaving Bombay .
Misers' St1uke In Lancashire. Wc Arc Sor...
MISERS' ST 1 UKE IN LANCASHIRE . Wc arc sorry to state thattlie . Miners of Bolton , Little Lever , Bury , Halsemoor , and the surrounding districts , arc still out of employment , as will be such by the following : — To tue Coat , Miners op Scotland . —Brethren , —We , tiie coal miners of Lam-asJiirc , beg to Call your attention to the struggle now existing between the coal proprietors and their workmen , in the Bolton , Bury , and surrounding districts , trusting that you wilt come forward and give us your assistance in securing the triumph of labour over the unjust aggressions of capital . In the district above alluded to , we have upwards of 1 , 400 of our fellow-workmen who have been driven from their employments ,
because they sought to obtain a slight advance of wages , by a restriction of their hours of labour ; they have , despite a great number el' adverse circumstances , maintained a contest upwards of six weeks : many of them have been driven from their homes , and their families exposed to severe privations , because they dared to ask for such an advance as would enable them to earn four shillings for eight hours of dangerous and arduous toil . Vr ' e therefore request you will take their case into your most serious consideration , and do all in your power towards ilieir support , for you may be assured ( although you are at so great a distance ) , should tlivy he unsuccessful , ii will be the prelude to considerable encroachments upon youvs « lves byyour employers , who , actuated by the same selfish and avaricious motives which govern ours , will be
ready to take advantage of the defeat of so great a numbcrof men in our county to reduce your wages . > 7 e now leave the matter with you . and iu conclusion refer you tu our own exertions in behalf of the men oftho north during t . ieir protracted struggle ; not because we think you require anything to stimulate you beyond being made acquainted with the facts of the case , but only as a proof , should circumstances occur among yourselves having a tendency to induce you to resistance of oppression , we should be found at our post with a iirm determination to give you all the pecuniary aid in our power , Signed on behalf of the miners of Lancashire . W . Gbocott , county secretary , No . 1 , Camplin ' s-buildings , Mount-street , Ancoats , Manchester . Jlouey orders may . be sent either to the above address , or to Mr . Charles Jleadowcroft , Astley-street , Dukinfield , Cheshire .
Cranes' Flftosmimtts*
Cranes' flftosmimtts *
National Association of United Trades The Central Committee met at thu Trades' Office , 30 . Ilydujtruet , Bloorasuury , on Monday , March 2 nd , Mr . J . Bush , vice-president , in the chair . Amongst other communications letters were read from Mr . Squires , containing the adhesion of the framework knitters of Kuddiiigton ; from Mr . Roebuck , containing the adhesion of thu framework knitters of Hyson-green , Notts ; from Mr . Crowther , containing the adhesion of the woutannbersof Myiholmroyd ; from Mr . lirodie , containing the adhesion of the tin-plate workers of Wolverhampton ; from Mr . Thorne , announcing that the tin-plate workers of Birmingham had deld a meeting , at which they had expressed fdetr determination to join the " United Trades . " The Central Committee resolved unanimously to petition the House of Commons , to address her . Majesty for mercy and a free jiardou to the Welsh martyrs , frost . Willinms , and Jones .
The Opeuative Smiths , Engineers , & c , or tus Metropolis . —A paragraph appeared in last Saturday ' s Star , copied from the Morning Advertiser , stating that the whole of the London mechanics connected with the engineering establishments had struck work . We understand that the facts of the case are these : —Some mouths a ^ o , the iron-moulders demanded of their employers , that eight ami a half hours' work on Saturday should be considered " a ds \ y . " They had a partial strike of two days' duration , and obtained their object . Thu
week before last , the engineers , smiths , boiler-maktrs , and patten-makers , made a like request to their employers . The address , in which was set forth their request , described the evils of " the Jong-hour system , " and the benefits that would result from the adopiion of short time . We are happy to say that the appeal was acceded to , and the new system of working hut fifty-eight and a half hours per week . Tho reduction being made upon th « timo worked ou Saturdays commenced on Saturday last throughout London . We trust that this reform will he speedily followed by other ameliorations .
UAfcNSLE * Dkessiks . —We , the dressers employed hi Messrs . I'igott and Newton ' s power-loom factory , Barnsley , are constrained to lay our grievances before a discriminating and impartial public , in consequence of the above gentlemen attempting to make a desperate and unwarrantable inroad on our wages , which , if we tamely submit to , will amount to no less than ( 10 per cunt . —h very delicate stroke for a commencement . The origin ol the dispute is as follows : —In the dressing of ticks , our masters had been paying us weekly wages , which they proposed to change una puyus by the piece , which said piece-work , according to their proposal , would be a reductiOH of considerably more than half , as stated above . Mr . Ktchardsen has also imitated the beautiful low wage system according to tbeexample sot by Messiv . I'igott atid Newton , and both parties have now botchers in the places
of the men who have nobly refused to he their degraded vassals . This exposition is called for by Mr , I'igott telling the public that we can earn 27 s . per week , and that we refuse to work at all . We have to complain of several vexatious annoyances practised by Messrs . I'igott and Newton towards their workpeople , which is no advantage to them asjmasters , but purely for the purpose ot aggravating and injuring the operatives . For instance , they regularl y require us to change the beams from one fabric to another , which said change loses the workman in drabbets , half a day—in ticks , a day ; and m have nothing for that unnecessary loss of time , whereas two days would clear 'he beams , in the regular order of working . And more—where the change is absolutely neees . sary , it is the regular rule , as well as the workman ' s undoubted right , to he paid for the time thus taken up , which is his sacred property . —by order of the Committee .
Turn-out in Manchester . —On Monday morning there was a general turn-out of the joiners and carpun . tcrs emph / Tcd in this town . The number tvho left their employment was about 8 , 000 . The object sought by the men was an advance of wages from 2 Gs . to 29 s . per week . The men employed at sixteen establishments , about 1 , 500 in number , returned in tht > course of the morning to their work , their employers having complied with their demand , and there is no doubt that the remaining number will not remain out of employment m » ny days , as the demand for theiv labour is unusually pressing . Several hundreds of the hiicklayers also turned out the same daj , . Hid have u . it yet returned to their work .
'J hk Sailobs or iivih ace on striker tor wages . The seamen ot other ports are cautioned not to take the lwvths of the IItill sailors for under wages .
Ctetist Jtattutoence*
Ctetist JtattUtoence *
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE-. TO TflF MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL ClUltTEK ASSOCIATION . vuaiujiit Fkikkos —Tlic period for which we were appointed to serve as officers in the noble cause of Chartism is fast approximating to a close , and in apprising you of tim duty which will consequently devolve upon you , w « feel bound to call your attention to the pusition which we now hold as a party in this great country , and at the same time to invite your attention to the line of conduct which we have pursued since wo were lirst honoured with the confidence of the Association . In glancing at our past career we find less to excite regret than might be expected , when it is considered how much cause we have had to justify apathy on our part , aiid how Jittle to
encourage and stimulate us in our attempt to accomplish the political emancipation of the workimclasses . 1 he mass of the people , who on » lit to have made common cause with us , have not done so at least in a substantial . manner ; but at that we arc not astonished , as we have searched in vain tbroii"h the record of revolutions for au example of the multitude rising spontaneousl y , and of themselves establishing the liberty of their country . The splendid achievements which shed a lustre on particular epochs of the world ' s dark history , fully corroborate the fact , that the destriiotimi of hoary-headed tyranny has ever been eil ' eeted by the energy and intelligence of the few , who have had sense enough to discover the source of tkeir wrongs , and manliness sufficient to proclaim it .
We were installed in office at a time when " commcrcial prosperity" had superseded a state of anarchy and contusion , caused by the want of employment , and starvation wages amongst iliose who were employed ; and when the dungeons and convict . ships were crowded with the victims of barbarous and savage laws—when political organization had been rendered dangerous , in consequence of the denunciation which hau been hurled against it by the ermine-clad dispensers of British justice ( ?); and when the Chartist body were split to shreds through the conduct of persons , who manifested their friendshi p by creating dissension about matterseu tirely personal . At length it was agreed upon to re-organist : the movement , and ive had the distinguished honour of being placed at its head .
From that moment up to the present time , we have been incessant in our endeavours to promote the ri ghteous cause , and if its increased strength has not been exhibited , it is because there has not yet originated a crisis worthy the development of its power . One great cause which seems to us to have retarded the progress of the movement , viz ., '
DISSENSION AMONGST LEADERS , has not , we are happy to say , been any obstacle ill our way . Conscious of having discharged nur duty to the utmost of our ability , we have not paid attention to the slanders that have been lavished upon us ; we have allowed our conduct to stand as the best refutation to charges which have originated in either ignorance or malice . If , in the former , we have left it to time , and a better acquaintance , to remove the error ; or , if in the latter , « c have invariably awarded the parties our commiseration . Our object has been to enlist the sympathies aim services of all who could in the slightest degree serve Chartism ; and in so doing we best discharged the duties of our office . During the past year , the result of our conferences has been the adoption and promulgation of a
LAND PLAN , as subsidiary to the movement for the Charter ; and the progress which it has hitherto made warrant us in the assertion ,, that it is likely to bi'coim .-the most important and powerful combination chat ever existed in this country ; and , as an auxiliary to Chartism , its value cannot be overrated . The Charter and Land Associations , although differing in name and form , cannot be viewed apart ; they are like the Siamese twins , inseparable . The interest of one cannot be forwarded without advancing the objects of the other ; ami should our exertUins eventuate in nothing more than this Laud project , Chartism will have rendered posterity its debtor . There is another matter which has engrossed a considerable snare of our attention , and of late , much of our time ; we allude to the case of our exiled friends ,
FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES , whose cause is endeared to us by the sufferings which they have endured since their expatriation . To seek the return of the captive from banishment , and thus give joy to his family and friends , is the work ol philanthropy ; but how much more lofty is that fooling which impels the patriot to attempt the liberation of those who , martyrs to their love of country , arc lingering out the life oi ' a . felon on the far-distant shores of a foreign land ? No part of our duty lias been performed with more care and assiduity " tha .. t .-, at which relates to our beloved and persecuted friends—no pains have been spared to make the approaching trial on their behalf successful ; and it gives us inexpressible pjcaaiue iu having to state that no man has entered into the matter with greater zeal or truer devotion than our Parliamentary chief and champion ,
MR . T . S . DUNCOMBE who will , ou Tuesday eveuiug next , submit a motion to the House of Commons tor au address to the Queen , praying for the immediate restoration of our much injured Jr . ends . We have taken care that hi shall not stand alone in his advocacy of their cause , as we have furnished evtry one of the 05 S members with a tloeument setting forth the whole tacts of the vase , and tuo grounds ou which we found our hopes of success . We have waited personally upon many of the most influential and distinguished members oi both sides of the house , and , as jar as we have yet gone , we have been entirely successful . Wc have designed the most extensive and perfect machinery f ) ensure a triumph ^ Arrangements have beeli made to procure the signatures to petitions of the foreman and jury who tried the men , as well as the
Town Council of Newport , where the unfortunate catastrophe happened . The two eminent persons who defended Mr . Frost on his trial are now holding hig h and responsible situations under the government—the one , Sir F . Pollock , is a judge ; and the other , Mr . F . Kelly , is her Majesty ' s Solicitor-General ; and as botk of those gentlemen expressed very strong opinions as to the illegality ot the trial at the time it look place , we expect that they will maintain the dignity of their professional character by an avowal of their opinions uu au occasion when such conduct will be ot the greatest service to their former client and his co-patriots . We have attended public meetings at all tue principal loc . ilitiea in and around the metropolis , and have , in fact , done all that lay in our power to cause the restoration of the unhappy exiles .
MINISTERIAL MEASURE . The House of Commons having committed themselves to the principle of Sir It . Peel ' s proposal by a majority of ninety-seven votes , it may be fairly presumed that , n . » far as that home is concerned , the measure is to become law . But whether Wellington will be able to manage the hereditary Sulonsot the other house , as his coadjutor ( the Premier ) has the Commons ' , lemains to be seen . Conjecture has it that the ex-minister , Lord Stanley , is reserving himself for a dreadful onslaught on the measure on its introduction to the consideration of their lordships ; and , from the declaration of the Duks of Rkhmonu . as to the means which he and his friends are prepared to adopt iu resisting the proposal , there is a probability , amounting almost to a certainty , that the measure will be rejected by them ; in which case there will be a
GENERAL ELECTION . When the factions viiHry their respective strength , and v . hen each of them will bid for popular support . Peel , the League , and the Whigs will unite iu the cry for cheap bread , on the one hand , and the Young Eiiglandors . u . d the agriculturists gen rally , will struggle fur protection ou the other ; whilst we , who have nothing to expect from either party , must stand by our own principles , and rally the working classes round the standard of the People ' s Charter . The League and tiie Whigs will ail ' eet to be the popular party , and , if we are not on the alert , will act as such ; hut they must he taught that the days of their rule has gone by . They must be met upon the hustings , and unmasked in the presence of the people . The crimes which that faction has committed against liberty must be rung in their ears ,
until the public shall be made to execrate them as the persecutors of our friends ; the executioners of Clayton , ilolherry , and Dully ; the conenctors of the infamous New Poor La' . v , ami the promoters of many other vile schemes to rob and enslave the nation . The other faction—the Toiics-must be dealt with in a like manner . Let us recognise no distinction , they are both enemies to our rig hts and liberties , and will yield only what public opinion may be capable of wrestiiu from them . We propose , therefore , that in iiccordawce with the suggestions ol our Alexandria friends , that a subscription he immediately set on foot in the several localities throughout England , Scotland , and Wales , ! or the purpose of sustaining an agitation during the approaching crisis ; and , iu the event of an election , thai we may be able to take llie Held with a lew
Chartist Candidates,, Qualified To Serve...
CHARTIST CANDIDATES ,, qualified to serve if elected , and working men to contest the shew of hands in such p laces as we are not likely to secure the support ol" the electoral hody . Let the councils in the various localities issue collecting books at once , and take such other steps as they may flunk lit , t 0 raise the necessary funds for the necessary purpose . In the meantime steps niiist be immediatel y taken to elect an EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE , as our term of cilice expires ou the 20 th of next month . The sub-secretaries arc requested to convene meetings of the members in eacli locality , for the purpose of nominating tit and proper persons to serve in the above capacity , all seen nominations tobe forwarded to the General Secretary , on ov before Wednesnay , March ISth , after which ' date no nomination can be received .
ANNUAL CONVENTION . The General Council are also instructed to take immediate steps to secure tho election of delegates to the Annual ' Convention , which will assemble at Leeds , on Monday , the 20 th of April next , pursuant to tiie rule of the Association . Pmu p M'Giuth , Thomas Clark , G ' jiRisTorjisn Dorm , Fjujmts O'Ooxnoh , Thomas Maktik Whkkler , Sec . P . S . —The first number of the Political Works of Thomas I ' aine is now out . For particulars see advertisement .
LONDON . LiMEiiousK . —A crowded meeting was held in the Brunswick Hall , Ropemakeis ' -fields , on Tuesday evening , March 3 rd ; and , alter an eloquent address from Mr . Philip * M'Grath , on the oponintr of this neat and commodious building for public meetings and the revival of Chartism in the Limehouse district , the following resolution was moved by Mr . J . Shaw , seconded by Mr . Drake , and carried unanimously : — That this meeting , having with the utmost disgust and abhorrence read the two letters of J . 1 $ . Wacauley , tlieso- '
culled representative of Edinburgh , on the subject of Uu * militia , and the liberation of our beloved exiles , Frost , Williams , and Jones , do lievuby call on the electors and non-electors of Edinburgh , and the Chartists throughout the country ( in order to mark their disapproval of such iuhuni & u and unchristian seniimems contained m those letters ) to use all the influence they possess to prevent his return to Parliament at the n » xt general i lection , or at any other period , believing him to be unworthy of support from all lovers ofphilantrophy and humanity , but more especially the countenance of the Chartist body , wherever to be found .
The following resolution was then moved by Mr , Bernard , seconded by Mr . Fletcher , and carried unanimously : — That in the opinion of this meeting , in order to understand what course Sir IV . Clay ( one of the members for this borough ) intends to pursuti with reference to the motion of Mr . Duncombe , for the liberation of Frost , Williams , and Jones , Ilr . Lowkttt be respectfully requested to write to the houcurutile ' m-iuiber lor a dolinite answer on the subject . A Chavtiat locality , and a district of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society , were then formed , and a vote of thanks awarded to Mr . M'Orath and the chairman , and the meeting dissolved .
Tub Welsh Maktybs . — A highly respectable meeting wa-s held on Friday evening , iu the Large Room ( . if the Volunteer , Mill-row , Limelions * -, on behalf of the victims . Mr . John Shaw was unanimously called to the chair , and brielly stated the objects of the meetii : » . Messrs . Clark , Doyle , M-Grath , Eraser , and others , eloquently addre .-scd the meeting . A resolution and petition were adoniftd by acclamation in iiwuiir u ) r ' rOSf , Williams , illici Jones , as was also a resolution , denunciatory of the base and inhuman letters of liabington Macaulcy , and declaratory of his unfitness to represent any portion of a civilised community . The petition was ordered to be sent to Sir YV . Clay , one of the members for the borough , for presentation . Thanks having been voted to the Northern Star and the chair , man , the meeting was dissolved .
Anti-Militia Meeting . —The General Committee met at the Parthenium , St . Martin ' s-iane , on Wednesday evening last , Mr . Cuft ' ay in the chair . Mr , T . M . Wheeler tendered his resignation as secretary , on account of his business as secretary of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society fully occupying his time , which was accepted . Mr . Stallwood was unanimously elected secretary . Several subscriptions were received , and the committee adjourned , empowering the secretary to convene another meeting whenever occasion required .
Irdaitiu
irdaitiu
Mai'o Election.—Mots And Loss Of Life. D...
MAi ' O ELECTION . —MOTS AND LOSS OF LIFE . Dciilin , Thursday . —( From the Times Correspowlwtf . ) — Accounta reached town this morning , stating ; that a fearlu ! riot took p : aee on Tuesday , near Castlcbar ; that some of Mr . Moore ' s freeholder * had been assaulted by the lltpeaiers , ai . d that so ferocious had the conduct of the mob become that the stipendiary magistate was compelled to give the military orders to lire , in consequence oi which , it is . - ( . ported , two or three were shut dead , and as many more dangerously wounded . C . istlebar , Wednesday morning . Tremendous work here . A desperate election . ll'Donnell was twenty three a-head on last night ' s poll , it is hard to say how it will terminate . The' & raiu-e party are all with Moore , and are doing their utmost to carry their election at the point of the bayonet . The Tories fired on the people yesterday in the town of Wvstport . I understand three were shot and several wounded . The towns of Castlebar and Wustpurt are tilled with troops , horse and foot . The people actually mad . God knows where it will end .
Dreadful Accident At Greenwich. Thheb Li...
DREADFUL ACCIDENT AT GREENWICH . THHEB LIVES LOST . On Saturday an accident , which proved fatal to * three persons , occurred in the extensive chemical , works belonging to Mr , ilills , at East Greenwich . Two of the men were employed in cleaning out a large vessel in which ammonia had been prepared . They had hardly got to the bottom of the vessel when the fumes of the spirit contained therein overcame ihem , and they Doth fell senseless on their faces . The other unfortunate fellow , not perceiving what had happened , or else desirous ol assisting his fellow * workmen , also descended the same vessel , and almost instantaneously shared t he same fate . An alarm was immediately raised , and several persons quickly repaired to the factory to render assistance . The three poor men were observed lying at the bottom . The foreman of the fat-ton * , more bold than the others ,
instantly leaped , into the place , with the hope of rescuing the men . Iu this praiseworthy ende ; . v . ur he was foiled , for no sooner hud he got into the vessel than the fumes overcame him , and had it not been for the extraordinary exertions of others , he must likewise have perished ; as it was he was g"t out alive ,, but in a very exhausted state . As soon a * possible the three others were got out , and a surgeon was promptly in attendance , but not iu time to be or any assistance , life in each being extinct . The bodies were subsequently removed to a neighbouring public-house , to await the coroner ' s inquest . It is reported that the men had received strict injunctions that they were n « t to enter the vessel until they had tried the same with a lighted candle , to ascertain whether or not it was perfectly safe . This order , it seems , was not atteimed to , and the fatal consequences that followed were tho result . It is stated that two of the deceased have left large families unprovided for .
Iaqukst o . v the Bomks . — On Monday Mr . 0 . Cat tear , the coroner for Kent , held an inquest at the Pilot public-house , East Greenwich , on the bodies of the three unfortunate men , named Richard Vlidtlleton , aj-ed twenty-nine , Thomas Burkin , ay ; eti twenty , and Francis Rm-e-j , agttl , * A \ U * . Tiro juij h-. mng been sworn , proceeded to view the bodies , which presented a shocking appearance , and were lying in the parlour of the above house ; and from t hence were accompanied by the coroner and Mr . Ilill « : o the p lace where the melancholy occurrence took piace . The premises , which are used solely lor chemical purposes , are situate on the banks of the river , nearly opposite lllaekwall . The bodies haviu- been identified , Thomas Downes , the foreman of tiie works , deposed that Burkin and Reeves were engaged in cleaning out a still which had ju . u been c'ected , but never used ; they had finished about half-past two o ' clock , all but removing a eouide of brici *>; and
witness , who was with them in the bjner , told 'hem , when they had done so , toconieuut . Alter witness had left the boiler about ten minutes , an alarm was given , and he was asked for a rope ; and on running io the still he saw two men getting Mr . Fiaiik Ilills out of the still . . The still worked into the same tubea * another still ; and there ought to he six inches of water in the chamber , when it would be safe , and -- o > accident could happen . The chamber is im *>• a p . teller and funnel , and it was Miilnleton ' .-. dm * to till it . After some immaterial evidence , the im iu was cleared , and the jury Having remained in deliberation for a short time , returned a vet diet that Richard Middleton , Thomas Burkin , and Frai . eia Reeves were suffocated by sulphuric hydrogen gas , escaping from one still into another empty still , ow-. ing to the neglect of the deceased Richard Middleton , in not supplying the water to shut oft ' the conucciiuu between the two stills .
Robbkhy Of Watches.—The Officers Employe...
Robbkhy of Watches . —The officers employed © a * the Eastern Counties Railway , assisted by an activo . 8 member of the metropolitan detective been engaged for some days in emlcavouriiigJo out a robbery committed on that line . In of last week a case , containing watches , in value to over £ 200 , was received from a wntch-niaiiufacuirei * in Ualton-gardcii , wmded to a watchmaker at Yarmouth . its transit disappeared in a very niysterioi and of coarse did not reach the par iv to been directed .
Lorce£ Ha^V Atrace B Tlje 'Coursc A Ani^...
lorce £ ha ^ v atrace b tlje ' coursc a ani ^ inting ; jg ; wholesale , e to' / be ' ftr-. - - The l » x-mv vji « imanne / , ; . ^ y , ; whqjn W *^;*^ >; | &/ , ; ' ¦ ' . ¦ , ;; . <; ' ¦ ' v . > - ~> V . 7 v / orcer . ua-v «\ o \ hjj . To trace b the eourse c anitfjinting 'g i wholesale -a to ^ bc ^ fbr- - . - '• - . rhi-box-jiiviju ' ^ TO & fc loin lphady-tfily & lWv < V :- ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 7, 1846, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07031846/page/1/
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