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S eptember ?, 1850. . : ^:^ -. ?** vi ( ...
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190CIT6
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UKESSCRTBED TOkB OF EMMET. (From the dub...
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JiCDtflDS
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- . t ^M^M ; Alton Locke, Taihr and Poet...
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Pictures of the FirstiFferich Revolution...
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Tfie Future; an advocate of Social and D...
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pjixmi
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\ A. .Micnoscopic rDiviDBND~Iri. the mat...
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.^PHYSICAL BlSHlIAIilFIOATlONS* GJiNBItATIYB. INCAPACITY . AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE.
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
S Eptember ?, 1850. . : ^:^ -. ?** Vi ( ...
S eptember ? , 1850 . . : ^ : ^ -. ?** vi ( aLCim I "'•'"* ' ^ -T ^ ^'? r : ""' ™ i ^ ' y-
190cit6
190 CIT 6
Ukesscrtbed Tokb Of Emmet. (From The Dub...
UKESSCRTBED TOkB OF EMMET . ( From the dublih Comet . ) . »^ ' to ^ j «* --- ^ i ^| J 55 S 5 oblivion , until other times and other men vau j my character . ' . -. . - ' ; Trav tell me "I said to an old man who strayed , DrSng oier the graves which his own hands ^ S h . yonder lone shade where the sad willow ' E ^ aK & ei « ii ^ ' wift ^ W . ^ ^!« a . Button black slab declares not , whose spirit is
fled , " ... ' . . v In silence he bowed , then beckoned me nigb , Till we stood o ' er the grave—then he said with a sigh , '"" . ' . : ' ' ' ¦¦ ¦ " ¦ ¦ - \ « Yes , they dare not to trace e en a word on this stone , ¦ . " ¦ .. ' ... V > To the memory of him who sleeps coldly alone ; He fold them—commanded the lines o ' er his grave , Should never be traced by the hands of a slave . " .
" He bade them to shade e ' en his name in the gloom __ ' ¦"' "' Till the morning of freedom should shine on his tomb , . - . ¦* - - ' .-' When the flag of my conntry . at liberty flies , Then—then let my name and my monument rise . * . Yon see they obeyed him : ' tis forty-six years , And they still come to moisten his grave with their : tears . ;'
. "He . was young , like yourself , ; and aspired to o'er--throw The tyrants ; who filled Ms loved island with woe ; ! They crushed bis bold spir it : this earth was con-. fined ,.: v . ' j ' . , < „ Too scant for the range of his luminous mind . He paused , and the old man went slowly away , 7 And I fehy as bo left me , an impulse to pray . { Grant Heaven I may see ^ ere my own days ate '' ¦ ' ¦' ¦ "done , ' ''' A ' monument rise o ' er my country ' s lost son . -And , oh , proudest task , be it mine to indite , The long-delayed tribute a freenwn must write , Till then shall its theme in my breast deeply dwell : So peace to thy slumber , dear shade , tare thee well .
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- . T ^M^M ; Alton Locke, Taihr And Poet...
- . t ^ M ^ M ; Alton Locke , Taihr and Poet ; an Aato & n grapky . Two Vols . Chapman and Hall , London , 1850 , ' - - ' ' ; : "We understand lie : author of this remarkable and admirable exposition of the rottenessof oot political'and social system is a clergyinan of the Established Church . ' [ It is thoro ^ gnly and- sensibly iu ' earnest , and is one of 'the ; & iesfc , deepest , and most / eloquentinvectives against society ever' issued from the press . The intimatei knowledge of the actual « ondi-1 ion and hardships of the working classes , ; exiibited by the writer , is perfectly marvellous for a person oceupy inop his position 5 and in
these days , when so many ofthe class to which he belongs are devoting the whole <» f their energies to the restor . * t ! on of the ancient despotism of the clerical order , it is gratifying" to ibmk that so '' powerfulacounterblast shonld have been sounded from the same quarter . ' The author avows ; himself a Chartist , the principles of which piartyheboldly andforcibly upholds . He ' shows himself fully aware of the miseries of" oar so-called civilisation . Much and ofleii aswe have heard of the foul slack stains upon -this g ilded metropolis" of ours , - their foulness and blackness has seldom been so eloquently , never so vividly , described . To a true and touching sincerity of purpose , the author adds a felicity of description and
expression rarely surpassed in modern lite
ratore . : One object of Alton Locke is to depict the emTerings of the town and country poor , ariaingj in the city , from the cupidity of capitalists and the pressure of competition—in --the conntry , from the want of capital and of spirit among the farmers . ' Another is to exbibftthe character and feelings of the citizen , self-educated enough to speculate upon what is passing around him , to be wounded by what he undergoes , and to Jook 4 or social ameliorataon through political change , in the concrete , the work is evidently intended to uphold the principles of the Charter , and to advocate "the
adoption of a refined Communism , " with a 4 emoeratie Christianity for its basis . ' ' ¦ '" ^ The form into which the author has east his matter is that of the autobiographical fiction , Alton Locke , the hero , is tiie son of a email tradesman , whose brother has risen in "life in proportion aa himself has sank . After a struggle , the poor man dies "of bad debts and a broken heart ; " leaving Alton in charge of his * mother ; a rigid and sour ; Calvinist His dreamy obyhood in a meair suburban street his occasional glimpses of London and the conntry , his natural notions of God in contrast with those of his mother and the
"ministers * ' who sponge upon her , -poor as she is , are very . ably done . In Ms . eariy teens , Alton Locke , by means of his uncle , is p laced -witha " West-end tailor ; and the account of his-selfedacatioh , through the instrumentality of an " old Scotch bookseller , with the low-humours of a tailor ' s workshop , occupies some space . On a quarrel originating in his reading Milton and HTirgiJ , his mother turns him out of doors .- He takes up his abode with Sandy Mackaye , the bookseller ; joins a friend resisting a redaction forTvages ; turns Chartist ; gets a living by writing for Chartist ; newspapers amV cheap publications ; and publishes a volume of poems with some success ; Doubts , however , having
been thrown upon his honesty , in a rage ¦ he undertakes a country mission ; the rustics are too obtuse to understand Ms politics—instead of agitating for the Charter , they p lunder a farm-yard , ' setting fire to what they cannot carry off ; and Alton Locke is condemned for riot , & c ., and sentenced to three years' imprisonment . On his release he joins the abortive plot of the 10 th of . April , ' catches a fever , through accompanying an old fellow workman to one of the dens in Which poverty shelters ; and on his recovery is converted to the Christianity we spoke of , by a charitable lady , and , in company with a brother Chartist , fdeparts for Texas , hut dies in sight of land . - - ' ' ¦ ' "'
Such is the machinery , in connexion with a love plot , the author has chosen for working out the objects we have enumerated . A few extracts will serve to indicate his manner , and the variety of his style . Here is a description and a defence of the intellectual poor : — Ay , respectable gentlemen and ladies , I will confess all to yon—you shall have , if yoii enjoy it , a fresh opportunity for indulging that supreme pleasurewhich-the press daily affords you , of insulting the classes whose powers most . of yon . know , aa little as yon do . their sufferings ! Yes ?; the Chartist poet is vain , conceited , ambitiousj ' unedncated , shallowinexperienced' envious' ferocious , ^
cur-, , ; - ril 6 u 8 , seditious , traitorous . ' Is your charitable ¦ ¦ j Tocabulary exhausted f Then ask . yourselves ; how ij jofteahaveyon yourself * honestly . resisted And . con-0 ; qured thetemptation to any one of these sins , when 0 it : has come across you just once in a way , and . ' not ' as they came to me , as they' come to' thousands of " ¦ ' - ffieVorkmg men , daily and hourly ; " till their torgi . mentsdo , by : length of time , . become their ele-r -, / menfs- ?' , ~ . What Ijare . wecovetoristopP ? Yes ! And , VP } 0 ** . ^ ve , like yon , st ill . ^ oTct \ znoreVwnat r wonder if those who have nothing covet something ? ' , \ Profligate ' tib , ? - . 'Well , thoughthat ' imputatiori as a ; y generality is ' ' utterly ' calumnious ; though ' your " amount -of- respectable animal -eniovment ner
.- _ annum is ahundred times aagreat as that of the ro ' . niostself-indojgent ^ artisan . ; yet , j , ii ; j < ni had ever f ,. jfelji . jshatit is to want , not only CTery , ' litinry of the , _] ^ sensesj but even bread to eat , youwonld think more ' ' . ^ ercu * aily'dt-the ' manwfib makesu ' p by rare ex'» - cesses , and " those only of the limited-kinds possible : '; to him , for long intervals of dull privation , and j . i i says in bis , madness , ««; Let , u . Sjeaj ; and drink , for -,.: to - morrow . we . diej " , We _ have our : siiis , and you .., have yoursi ; , 0 nrs . may ^ be tbe . mbre gross " and har'' baric , bht yours are '' none the less damnable ; per-. hap * all the more so ; for being the sleek , subtle , respectable ; religions sins they are . - -Ton are frani-:. tic enough ifronr ; part of ; the press ; calls ybu .-hard
,- . names . fbut you , cannot see that your-, part ofthe , " , - preWrepays jti back ' , to us withjnttfest ; ' .. We see ' „ ' . ¦ ' those insults , apdfeel them ^ , bitterljr : ; enqugh ; and " ¦ " do-riot Fdrgefc theni , alks » - ' soon '' eaorigh / while they . '• ' ¦' - ¦ passtanheeded by •} your- idelieato ^ eyesi ^ s iti 'ivial - ? i Uuisms . Porrible , unp ^ rih (» pledi >{ Viuanon 8 ; . . sedir ,-, . tions , fraBticVjhiasphemous ,. are ^ epithets of cphrse when applied to—to how large ' a portion ofthe English people , you will some day discover to your astonisnment . When will that day come , and how ? hi thunder , and stem , and garments rolled in
- . T ^M^M ; Alton Locke, Taihr And Poet...
blood ? orlikethedewon the mown grass , and the clear shining bf the sunli ght after-April raiilT ? ¦ - ' One of the taoat graphic passages : in the book is the description of his introduction to the tailor ' s workshop , and of its inmates , ; upon whom the combined influences of physical and moral deterioration ^ had surely . and sadl y done their work-. : ¦ ¦ a :,. ¦; w . \ I stumbled after ( Mr . : Jones lip a dark ; narrow ; iron staircase , till we emerged through a trap-door into a garret at the top of the house . I recoiled with disgust at the scene before me ; and here ! was to work—perhaps through life ! " A low lean-to
room , stifling me with the . combined . odours of human breath and . perspiration , . stale , beer , the sweet sickly smell ' of gin , and the sour and- hardly less' disgusting one of hew cloth . On' the floor , thick with dust and ' dirt , scraps of stuff ' and ' ends of- thread , ' sat . down some haggard , untidy , shoeless men , with a mingled look of care and reckless : ness that made me shudder . The windows were tighi closed to keep out the cold winter air ; and the condensed . breath ran in streams ; down the pane ' s , chequering the dreary out look of chimney tops and smoke . " The " . conductor handed me over to one of themi .- - •' ¦¦¦ .- ' .:
, A burst of chatter rose as the foreman vanished , and a tall , bloated , 'sharpnosed young man next me bawled in my ear , - ^ - . "'' . ; ' -.. " What do you meanV , . - .. _ ' ' .. ' . 4 « * ' Aim he just green twDown with the stumpya tiziy for a pot of half-and-half . ' ! - " 1 never drink beer . " ! - ; ' ., : "Then never do , " Whispered the ' man ; at ; my side ; " as sure as hell ' s hell , / it ' s ' ybiir " only chance . " : -.. -.. '¦ : ' I' ¦' .: ¦
There was a fierce , deep earnestness in the tone which made me look up at the syeaker , hut the other instantly chimed in|— ... ¦ ¦ .:. :: ¦ . <¦ ¦ . "¦ Oh , yer don ' t , don ' t , yer , my ybung'Father Mathy ? then yer'Ii soon learn it here tf yer want " to keep yer victuals down " "And I have promised to take ray wages home to my mother , " * , ¦••' ¦ ¦ " 0 crimiuy ! 'hark to that my coves ! here ' s a chap as is going to take , the blunt home to his mammy . " ' - " . " ...- ' . .. . IVT ' auit much of . it "the old ' un- ' see , " said another .: " Veniyer pockets it at the Cock . ' and Bottle , " my kiddy , yer won't ' find much of . it left o'Sunday mornings . "
; " Isay , young *« n , do you know why-we re nearer heaven here than our neighbonrs ?" " ' I shouldn ' t have thought so , " answered ! with a naivete which raised a laugh , and dashed the tall man for a moment . " - ' ,. ~ , u " . ' : '' . ¦ ¦ : " Yerdotft ? then I'll tell yer . A ca « se we ' re a top ef the- honse in the first ? Iace , and next place yer'Hldie herem months sooner nor if yer worked iri " the "" room oelow . "Amt that logic and * science , Oratol" appealing to Crosthwaite . ' N'i "" / "Why i" asked I . ;; V all the other
^ A cause you get floor ' stinks' up here as " well as your own . Concentt-ated essence of man ' s flesh , is this here as you ' re a breathing . CeUarlworkrooms we callsSheumatic Ward , because ofthe damp . Ground-floor ' s ' Fever Ward—th ' eni as doa ' t get typhus gets dysentery , " and them as .-don ' t setdysenteiy gets typ hus—your nose'd tellyer why if ybu opened the back windy . -Firsfrfldor ^ s iashmy Ward- ^ don ' t you hear . 'nm now through the-eraeks ia the boards , a puffing away like a nest " of ' young locomotives ? And ' this here most august and upper-crust cockloft is tbe Conscrumptive Hospital . First ' t yon liegins to cough , then you proceeds to expectorate—^ sp ittoons , a ? -jou see ,, perwided free . gracious for riotbing—fined . -a kivarten if you spits . bn the floor . " ;' . ' . ' "
This isa trne . specimenof the actual tJuhg . Yet it is . the aliiode , not of ' ignorance , or . ' inexperience , ' but the ^ brk ^ room of arfirst ^ class tailor , a man of weaSthi , ; and ,-as . he ., 'is ^ afterwards deseribed , an excellent . ^ ecimeriof his class , and a far better man than his sue ^ oessor , who takes up the ^ sweating ' 878 ^ 0 ,, '' and deprives theworkrrien of . half the wages earned in this pestilential atmosphere .. " . Here is a forcible censure -upon the government for its complicity in this infernal ; syfitem ofrobbery .
,. < S « vernment-T-government ? Yeuatanbr , aiidjiot know that government are the very aufnbrs of this system ? Sot to know that they first- set the example , by getting the army and navy" clothes made by eantractors ; and taking the lowest tenders f Uot to fceaw that tfee p . ilice clothes , the . postman's clothes , the convicts * clothes , ' are all contracted ; for on the same infernal plan , ' by sweaters ; and sweater's sweaters , and sweater ' s sweater ' s sweaters till government work is just the wry last , lowest resource to which a poor starved- ^ out . wretch betakes himself to keep body and , soul together I y , Why , tlic government prices , in almost , every department , are halfand less than . half , thei very lowest living
, price . -1 tell ybu , the careless iniquity of' government about these things will come out someday . It will he knowii , tbe . whole abomination , and future generations 1 will class it with the tyrannies , pf the Roman emperors and ' the Kormbn barons . Why , it ' s a fact ; that' the colonels of the regiments—noblemen , most of them—make ^ their own ^ vile profit bntof us tailors—outof the pauperism of . the men ; the slavery of the children , j ^ the prostitution , of the women . They get so much a uniform allowed them by government to clothe the men with -and thenar then , they let out the jobs to the contractors'at' less than half what government gives them , and pocket the" difference . And then you talk of appealing to ¦
governments - . ... : ' ? , . : i- •; : ; . Onequ ahtyof the author is the ^ iower : of bringing rapidly together the real or apparent falaciesbf the time ; that pass for arguments , in such a manner as to 'seem to expose ; their emptinees- 'Thig attack upon the modem system of business is a specimen . - . - . . ' .: " ' a : : ;|; ; Well , one day * our employer died . -JHe had- been one of the " oidsort'bffasionableaWest . end tailors in the fast decreasing' honourable trade . -. keeping ia modest shop , hardly to be distinguished from a ; d welling house , except by his name on the window-blmds . He paid good prices for his work , th oughnbtas good , of coarseas he had given twenty years before , and
, prided himself upon"Twving all -his work done ; at home . His work-robms , as I havehsaid , twere no ely slums ; but still as good ; alas ! as those of , three tailors out . of four . ; He . was proud , lnxu ribus , foppish ; but he , was honest and kindly , enough , and did many a generous thing by men who had been loiig in his employ . ; At all events ; -his journeymen could live on Tvhat he paid them . But his son , succeeding to . the business , determined , like Rehoboam of old , to go a-head with the times . Fired with the great spirit ofthe nineteenth century—at least ' with that . one which is vulgarly considered'its especial glory—he resolved ' to mase haste to bench . His father had : made money very
slowly of late ; while dozens , . who hadbegun business long after him , had now retired to . luxurious ease and suburban villas . Why , should he remain io theminority ? ' Why should he not . get rich as fast as he could ? Why ehould he stick to the old , slow . going , honourable trade ? Out of eonie four hundred and fifty WestTend . ; tailors , ; therewere : not onefhuridi-ed left who wereold-fashioned . and stupid enough to go on keeping down their , own profits by having all their , work done at home l and at ' fir , st hand ; ' Ridiculous scruples "! The government knew hone such .- Where' not the army clothes , ' tha Post Office clothes ; the policemen's clothes ,- furnished by contractors and sweaters ,-who hired . the . work at low . prices , and let it out again . to . journeymen at
stilllbwer ones ? Why should he pay his men two ' shillings where the government -paid them one ? Were . ' there "' ' not cheap ' houses even at : the West-end , which had'saved several thousands ; a year merely by reducing their workmen ' s wages ? And if the workmen choose : to take lower wages , he was not hound actually to . make ; them a present of more than ttiey asked for ! ; They ; would go to tne cheapest market for anything they wanted , apd so ' must he . Besides , wages had'really been quite exorbitant . Half his lrien ; threw ! : each . of them ; as much money away . in . ginand beer yenrly : as wgiild pay . two , workmen at a cheap house . . Why , was he tO 1 OB robbing Ms family of " comforts to pay ^ for their extravagance ? ' and charging ; his customers , 'too ,
uririeqessarily -high prices t—it was really' robbing thepublio ! - - ¦ : j . '' - " ' ; I Such , I suppose , ' were some ; of . the arguments Which led to an ofincialannonncement , oneSaturday nieht ^ at our young employer , intended to enlarge bisestabir 8 hmenf , ' for ; thepurpose of commencing business in the " show trade ; " and that , emulous of Messrs . Aaron , levi , and the rest pf ^ hat class , magnificent-alterations were to 4 ake place in the premises ; to make room for which , our work-rooms were to be demolished , ; and that for that ; reason ^ Tor of course it was only ' for that reason-all work would in future be given out , to be made up at the men ' s own homes . ' - "•; - . ' - - " ' . ' '' . ' ¦' . ' \ ' ..
" haght have extracted numerous highly fought dfaniatic pictures of real life * but our space warns us to conclude with ^ he following unanswerable j argument for granting , the Charter , as far as the working classes are concerned . ' / ' - ' ¦ ,-- > : . ..:. " w . ¦ ' ' . ¦ . v : >' ' .- ¦ - " -- '¦ - ' " - _! ,. «[ , Wh y . didn'ttheyitell us , fbeforethe Reform : BiU > that extension , of . the suffrage was , tp cure everytypi ? , ' And how can you n ave too , ' mueh of a ' good thing I '" Wve ' ohly ^ taken them" at their wbrdj We ChartisfcB . - ^ Haven ' t all politicians bBehipreacnin ^ foryearsithattEnglarid ' anational greatneaSiwaiall owing ) , ^ , ^^ . ipb jitjeal jastitjitTons ^ to v . MagRa v ^^ jWRir he-Bill , of Rights ' , arid > preseritativfr ' parliamenti , an ' d airtnat f 'It wa ' s'btit the bther day I got hold of some Tory paper , that talked about tbe English constitution , and the balance of , Queen , Lards , and Commons , as the " Talismanio
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Palladium of the country .-. 'Gad , we'll see if a move onward m the same line won't better the matter . If the balance ' of classes is suon a blessed thing , the sooner we get the balance equal , the better ; fer its rather lopsided just now , no one can deny : ' - So , representative institutions are the talismanio palladium of the nation , are they ? . The palladium of the classes that , have them ,. I dare say ; arid that ' s the very best reason why the classes that haven ' t gbt . ' em should lookout for the same palladium-for-themselves . — -What ' s-sauce / or the gander is ; satice for the goose , isn ' t it ? ; Wb'll trywe ' ll see whether the'taligmatf they talk of has lost its power all of a sudden since ' 32—whether we can ' t rub the magic ring _ a little for ourselves , and call up genii to help us out of the mire , as the shopkeepers and'the gentlemen have done .
Pictures Of The Firstifferich Revolution...
Pictures of the FirstiFferich Revolution . By - ¦ Mi Lamabtime . Darnley . By Or . P . B . ^ Jambs . / Vols . XLV . and . XLVI . of the : . j « Parlour Library . " Sinims and M 'Ihtyre , •" London ' . .. " ^ ' " ;^ : ; ' .. " ^ These "two volumes worthily sustain the character and excellence of'this excelleht ; and popular , series : of Volumes , which bring ' the productions of the best ^ iters ' within the reach of the poor man , and enable him , at the cost of a shilling , to p lace on his -book ishelves ia , s his own ; works which a short time since he would have had < x > pay as much to a circulating library forlibertytoread . \ Tlfes [ Pictures \ oftkeFvst French . Revolution are-selected . from Lamaftine ' s larger and well-known work , TAe £
Kstqryxjfthe Girondists ; arid pour tray vividly and ' powerfully many ; of the mbst exciting ^ paa- ' sages of the astounding .. and : ; mbst thrilling of dramas that ever was acted on the stage of the world . ' . ; Gbnimehcing with ' a brief summary C ; f causes whichied / to : the ; revolution and its first outbreak , the volume-presents , in succes- ' sion , the leading incidents in tii ' e life of . Louis XVI . , from the flig ht to Varennesitc ; his execution hy the gulIotine , ih wihat was Sien the Place de la Revolution , nowthe . Pfece . de la Concorde , in front of the .-T « ileneSi '' As" specimens of tbe spirit in which the ex-member of the Provisional Gqyernnwnt , formed by the third revolutionary crisis ,. treats iine subject , wetake-thefollowing : — -. j . ,,, ^;
-< .,, ; .- . i " . . V .. ; ' : - TH 8 :.. SB 8 WNCK .. . ! r ; ; - :. ..- . ! . ;' 'i ,. ' . ' The aspect of the town was menacing , the aspect ofthe Convention , ominous ;; -: The ^ passages and witeri & r of the hall of the Convention seemed arranged for an exeootiori rather than for the ( pronouncing of judgment . The hour ; tbeiplace , the narrow avenues and , sombre arches of ^ this . gloomy :, monastery ., the diin ^ hi of the few lamps , that struggled ; with the shadowsr . of a ; winters night , arid , threw ; a pallid shade upon every face : ; ' the clash and glitter ofarnis at all the doors ; the pieces of cannon at the principal gates , by which tbe gunners . stood . match in hand , less to intimidate the people than . to . be ready to-turn their pieces against the hall ,. if thefatal sentence was not pronounced ; the hoarse roar of the innumerable crowd ; filling up every adjacent street and pressing against the walls of the building , as if to catch the first murmur of the verdict : the
movements of the patrols dashing aside the ocean of men to niake / Way for . the . passage of -some of . " the represontativeg who were late in arriving . ; tho . costumes , the countenances , the bonnets rouges , the -carmagnoles , the lowering brows , hoarse voices , and atrocious andsigRificant gestures—all-seemed calculated to make the inexorable ' fiati . already' pronounced by the people , enter by every avenue of sense into the mlods o ( thejtx < lgea . ~ t ' llis death or tlnnfj" was the single sentence muttered- in a low voice , but with an imperative accent , in the ear of each deputy as he threaded the ) groups ¦ to take-up ; his position ; Persons accustomed to attend : the sittings of the Convention ; and who knew each member by sight , were placed at stated distances , and these spies ol the people named the deputies in a-loud voice as they parsed , pointing out the- doubtful , threatening the timid ,-insulting the lenient / and applauding the inflexible , r . ' -.- < ,- - ,
-At the ^ names of Marat , Bantos ,-. Robespierre , Collot d'Herboie , 'andiCamillo Besriioulins , ithe crowd parted With respect ,-to give ' passage to these men' who renresented the' wrath of the , people ; but when Tergniaud ^ -. Brisjot , Lanjiiinais , and Boissy d'Anglas passed , frowning brows , clenched hands , and pikes and sabres brandished over their heads , showed ciearlythat the penple would be obeyed or revenged * The interior of the hall was diriily and uneo . miHy 1 rghted ^;^ heiustre " which hung from the ceiling ; and the lamps on the table , diffused a'bril-Nant light through some portions of the hall , and along . the -vaulted , roof , r ^ ut threw tho ' remainder into yet deeper , obscurity . The public tribune * which ascended gradually , as in- an amphitheatre ,
till they met and blended with the elevated benches of the Mountain , were crammed with spectators as inla Roman ' circus ; and , as urthese ancient ' spectacles , 3 the -front rows were ' . crowdedr with . women , their youthful faces adorned with ; tri-coloured ribbong , who ' -sat chatting and laughing among themselves , . exchanging . jbows and" smiles ^' and only assuminga look ; of . seriousness " and ;;' atte ' ntio ' n when Reckoning , tbe votes , " and pricking them on a ciird with a pin as they , were announced from the tribune . Servants belonging to the hall moved about amongst the different benches , carrying trays loadedwith ices , oranges , and' other refreshments , which " they distributed ; to these woriien ,-, On the , yery highest grades . of the circle . were ; ranged , the men of the
people ,- in their . ordinary . t ^ rorking-day dress , ; eager and attentive , repeating in loud" voices to one an ^ otherthe name and - ' vote of the deputy who . had been just called , arid ' greetirig'hiin ' . with applause or murriiurs ' as he returned to' his seat . ' The lowest of the public tribunes were . occupied by -butchers' apprentices , their blood-stained ' aprons tucked up at One ' Side itf their belts , and the handles of their long knives ostentatiously projecting Yrom . the folds of cloth , that " served them as . a sheath ...,. The open space in , the centre , of the . hall jjras . fijlell with a mingled crowd of spectators aridi deputies , surging and agitated like the waves of ocean , ' dividing every inoment ; to give " passage to the voters as they were fe ' iimmoned to' the ^ tribiirip' or " returned . ! to ' . their
places , and , closing ! agam as they passed , .. . ¦' Thei-. first votes ; heard , by ^ tlie ,, Assembly ' left all minds in' uncertainty . ; Death and . banishment resounded alternately ; as if equally balanced . ' Tho king ' s fate rested evidently on ; the first vote given by . a leader ofthe Girondists ; for this . vote would no doubt determine those ; of his entire party , and from their numbers , if urianiriibug , the Girondists werecertain of irrevocably deciding themajority . Thus life arid'deatb , insbrne degree , hung upon the lipsof . yergniaud , their leader .. The . voters were 8 ummbried .. accbrdirig ' to . : tne . alphabetical , order , of their departments , consequently , every one watched with anxiety for the arrival ol the letter G , which wouldsuirimonto the tribuhe the deputies of the
Gironde , and Vergniaud the first . As it was called , all conversation ceased , ftlleyes were turned upon him alo ' nei -He slowly , mounted thestepsof the tribune , collected himselffor . a nioment . with his eyes bent on the ground . like a , man who reflects for the last ' ftrae before , a ' ctihg , " tljen iri . ^ low ' voice . Ji s'if struggling with 'tlje ^ feelings which .. 8 tili ; app " ealcd within him ,: hO . ; pronbunced ; the , wb . rd- " ^ e <»^ i ¦ ¦ lijT . he silence of astonishment seemed-to ; have . suppressed the very breathing , in ^ the ; hall . ; Robpspierre ' s lip '• curled with ;; an almost imperoeptilhV 8 mile '; . < D < inton ; shrugged ; his shoulders , and ' 'whis ' - fiered to Bris ' sbV " 'Boast ' of your , orators now : suhim ewbrds—coward acts !> What can' be , done with
such men ? Speak to me no more of them ! Their party is lost . " ' -v- " ' - ¦ - "¦¦¦ - ¦ '; . ' ¦¦]' ;' „ Hope died away in the hearts of thefewfriends . of the king ' who . were , concealed in the hall and amqrigst the tribunes ! , They felt thaf the victim was . surrendered by the-hand of Vergniaud .. The voting continued . All the Girondists , Buzot , -Barbaroux ,. petHion , Isnarn . Lasoiircey ; Salles , Brisfot , Rebecqui , voted with Vergniaud for death . . The greater ' hij ' uiber added 'the condition of suspension of execution , ; , . . The Mountain , ; almost : without exception , voted forideath .. - Bobespierre , condensing in . a few words ' the substance of-his first discourse , attempted to reconcile his horror ofthe punishment of-deathwith . the-condemnation-that fell from ms lips . He accomplished jt by asserting that tyrants
were ari exception i-to -huinariity , and by declaring that his tenderness for the oppressed prevailedlin his heart 6 ver pity for tho oppressor . : The Du ke of Orleafts " was suramooed theiasti A profound silence followed his name : Sillery , his friend and confidant , had ' v ' otedagairist death ; and every ' one expected that the prince " would act like his . friend , or claim exemption from voting'in the name of nature . and kindred . 'J ' Eveh-the ' Jacobins considered him' cxemp ^ ed'tbut ho would not ' admit' the Iplea himself . Slowly ' an ' d - without emotion he ascended the tri--brine , unfolded ' a ' paper which' he 'held'in"his hand , arid . ' read ; 'with " a :-stoical . demeanour theifollowing words . ' ri" Solely 'occupied with my duty ; convinced 1
that all those who have 'attempted , - or mayattempt in futarel to maintain asbvereignt" over the people , merit death ; I Vote for "death ! " These words were receivedlih ' silenceand aRtobishmeriti ' even by the very party to-whorii the Duke of Orleans seemed to offer . them . as a pledge ! ---No 'lookv ' 'ho" " gesture , no voice , rose ieven froiri'th ' e'Mountaiii'to ' applaud lijrn ; Wshudder ' rah alorig the benches arid tribunes ofthe -Assefn . blyv and the Duke of Orleans descended from the tribune corifused and doubtful from , these first symptoms of ^ he ' effcefc ofthe act he had cbimmitte'd . TKeepmihatlon ' of the votes'was' tedious and full ! , oub t old'arixiety .--Death ' arid life ? ' as : in a struggle , w ' ere & 'lternatelv . iritbe ascendant / accordingas ohariceTiaa ' grbuped the % rifFrages ih-the lists drawn
by the secretaries . Vergniaud read the result of tho scrutiny . The convention consisted of 727 voters : of these 334
Pictures Of The Firstifferich Revolution...
voted for banishment , or ; imprisorimerit ;^ 387 for S ^ „ ° f dln * * ^ a / voted for : death on' the r " & ? r > ? * loaof ^^ the ex ecution . , The . votes ! ? , „ £ ther f oreexbeeded by fifty-three those for ! S , h •??* ' deduotingithefbrty-six votes for ' SiS *^™" " .. """ remairied only , an ' absolute majority of seven sum-ages for death . 'Thus the ^ placing of , three , Voies would have been ' sufflfll ! . « jidgriient . ' It ! was therefore the twelve ^ fifteen . chiefs of the Gi ronde who had Sk ^ L 6 ^ wve Weight into the balance . Death , S ^^^^^^^ P ^^ Theparting ' of the ; K ; ing with his famil y ^ P ; re " ,, to n » s execution , is powerfully do-? ° "B ? M ;; ' ; Thecornrhigsibnefsdid not dare to allowthe interview ; to ' , be ^ private . t .:.,. ' Jn ^ ,- j
. They deliberated , ;' therefore , ' fhow / besfc to recot cilethe ^ intentionof thedeoree with . the ' riab ' ur . bf £ ?? , ) t 8 nd , » ally arranged that , the , meeting should take ^ place . in the . dining-room ; which com-, n w " uu , i ag'assdbor-with another apartment "f ^ ^ l '^ wniissibners , 'ii | g »« b'd - . tU ' sfotioAr'tliean-» " »• ., ¦ *** , door . " . was-: 'to . remain ' closed ; upori ' th ' e king and his family , but ., the . commissioners " would have their eye 8 ; fixed on ¦ ¦ . them ! through . : the . glass . By tnis . means :. if . theiroattitudes , ' gestures , -and tears , were profaned by . the glance of strangers , their words at least , would be inviolable . - 'A ' short time before the processes ' / descerided , " theu king left the turret ,, enjoining his bb'rifessbr not to . appear , least the presence of a Driest might . ' reoat the
thought-of death '! too ' vi ' vidly to- the . mind of th ' e Q ? , b ' en ,- ;; . He then passedMritb ^ the diriing-room'to prepare the ' , Ispace ;; necessary fo r . the ' interview , " Bring a glass arid ' some water ;?' saidihe to , ; his servant . ¦ > Clery , « howed him a « ara / e of iced water alreadyon « the table . - " Bring some water that is not iced , said theking '• - «• for if the ' queen drank Of that it'migSat . ' makeHer ill , ' , '' :- . At length the door , opened , arid' ( the queeii , " holding " bar . son' by the ; ha , nd , rwas the firstt , o ; entcr ,.., Sher-sprangintQ trie armsofithe & ingjinnd mado a rapid ; movement as 4 f to lead him "hitb his own ohamb « rjbub- ofsigbtbf the ^ ecMor ' s . ' ; «• No 'no ^ - ^ aid'the king in a low voice , pr essirig ; his wife , to . 'his ^ he art , ' and drawing ' her-back . into the : diafriff-TooMi " . I can only -see
yon , hore . " i . _ Madanie Mizabeiihifollowfld ; withthe princess wyal , arid . Clery dlbsed-the door on tShem . The "king 'gently 1 forced Mavie' - 'Aritbrnbtte- 'irito a ohairathis right'barid / arid placed ; Madame Elizabeth on hisvleft ,, wfeile ; , he / took ' . / his ' place between therii . The chairs were so . close that the two prin-r cesses , = as they : beat over , him , ; encircled -. his i , ^ neck with their , arms ,-. and ^ laiil their heads -unen-his breast . ' ¦¦¦ - ^ ¦¦ ' ¦ - •••> -if :- ! -..-. ¦ ; ^< . .... -, ; ..-:. ; . - .. ( j - ~ The princess royal , " with / her . head supported upon his knees , and' her / long hair ^ faHing . around her , seemed / half prostrated ^ efdre'hmi . The dauphin was -seated / bn' his'fatDer ' s ' - 'knee ; ' with'ione ' arm passed round . his ^ riecky / These five persons ! thus grouped by the "instinct , of ^ tenderriess , 'arid . cbnvulsively pressed iri'each other ' s / 'arm ' s , with their faces bidden on thebreast'bf the king , formed-to the eye ofthe spectators but one palpitating mass of human , agony , from- whence issued murmurs , sobsand
, sometimes shrieks of grief , as if the despair of five souls had been blended in to one to burst forth oi * die in a single embrace . During more -than-half an bournowoKl-passed . their lips ; . It was a passion ¦ o f grief in which the yoices ; of father , iwpnien , . children , were Voat and commingled in tears and groans . ¦ Sobs answered soba ,. and sometimes a cry would arise so sharp : and . 'agonising v that , it pierced the 'doors , the windows . the very walls ofthe tower , and was heardeven-irithe'neitfhbouringquarters . But at last exliaustioii of strength lulled the expreesibns Of grief , their tears dried upontheir eyelids , arid' a conversation < began in low . whispers ,. mingled with kisses and caresses , ' which lasted for two hours . No one without heard- these-final confidences of the ¦ dying- to / the sunriTor ' s . The'tomb ^ r the ' prison stffled them in every heiirt afew months later . The pHricess royal alone ! preserved' & he . record in . her ¦ ¦ ¦
memory .-. ; . .. . . . -, ; .,, y .. ,,, :, ; , - ,...- . . . . ... ; ; . .... < .. . , \ • Nothing was heard by those without ; except a tender and confused -murmur of voices , 'but the commisBionersfromtime / totiirie glanced furtively through the , glass ' door as ifto / warn tbekirig that time . was ' ' passing-., . When at . last the , sufferer ' s were exhausted . with tenderness , tears , . and lamentations ; the king rose , arid pressed them all to his bosom in one loiig eriibrace . The queeii threw herself at his feet , and eonjure ' d him to . permit therii' td' . remain with .. him thatlast night , buthe refused out ] of tenderricss for those , whoseaffectibri ^ might- have been fatal to ; themselves ;'; alleging : as a . pretext ^ the rieoessity he feH for a few-hours of seclusion ; and trari ' - tranquillity . ' in order to prepare all his ' strength
for the morrow . ; But he ' promised . his family tq . haye them summoned to ; hiih the next morning " a ' fc [' eight '; - T"Why not at seven ? - ' asked the ' queeri . ^ WeU ; theri ; at seven , " replied the king . * 'You promise that V they all cried . " I promise . " repeated the king . They crossed the ante-c } mmber , the queen ' s arm encircling his rieckj ' theprincesB royal and Madame Elizabeth clinging to him at . the other side , while the dauphin , ; holding , the queen ' s hand in one ofh is and thekingf s imthe . other , gazed up earnestly into his father ' s face . -. . s ; .. | . . .-i Hut as they advanced towards' the . stairs , their lamentations redoubled . They tore themselves from his . arms , and tHeri again , fell ripori : his breast
in all _ the renewed agony of love and grief . / i At last the king retreated a . fewsteps . 'and stretohingont hisarms towards the queen , "Adieu Jadieii ! " he exclaimed ; with a gesture , 'a Iopk , arid a / VOiCG in which were . concentrated a . whole world of past tenderness of present anguish ^ and ; of future separation , yet in which might be distinguished , . in accent of serenity and religious joy that indicated . the vague yet confident hope ' of a re-uniori in a better world ' . At this adieu , theyoung princess royal glided fainting from the iirmsbf iladame Elizaheth ; and fell senseless at her ; father ' s feet .: Olery ,. ' her aririt , and - -the / queen , rushed towardsher , to raise , her up and sustain her to ithe staircase ., ; > , ; .. -. ; . Y ; , .. ; : /¦' . . ' . > :,- ¦ ; -:
:. •• During this = movement the king . retired to his room , his face covered with his hands , ' but when lie reached the-threshold he turned for tbe last ' time and uttered the finaljadieii ' in ; a voice brokeri with sobs . . ; ,.,. ;; ,. . ' . ; , r , ; , . ;¦ , ' . " ., ' .. ; .. ; . , . . . ; . . ; . /; . j ¦; ; .. "As'to Darnley , it ia ; WolI kn ' own to be one of the most interesting that lias proceeded- from the -prolific : peh of the yeteran . noyelist , arid , at this . time of day , needs no recommendation from US . .. 4 v ...:.:.:.. . . ;; . ' .
Tfie Future; An Advocate Of Social And D...
Tfie Future ; an advocate of Social and De-. - ;¦ mocraticP ^ ogress . ;; No II . Collins ,: 113 ; Fleet-street ; London . ' , . ; , ; . ;;; ; 'THiS ' 'is . the' '/ firi ^ nuriiber \' we . have seen of a new monthl y periodical intended to herald ( a better future for / the Proletarians , [ to be the advocate .. of > social and democratic ; progress ^ and the register : and / supporter of all niovementsj calbulat ' ed . to el eya ^ people .. '¦> Judging from . the contents , ' w no -hesitation iri ; saying , that the / writers are thoroughly and honestly in , earnest ; and , this
new addition to the democratic press deserves ~ as we hope it . will receiye ^ cbrdial and' substantial support , v it professes : to ; be the propertybf workinjspriieh ; is printed by . the ; Wprk- ing Printers'Association , . arid pledges-itself to be tiie ^ eai-nest : advcc ' atef ;[ of the . working < rriehi-These , pught ^/ bf them / sely ^ sufficient claims on the support of-the industrious clashes ,: ; : but weiiave to /^ di that ) : 77 « e K isi . varied in its ^ conteritsj and written with considerable ability ^ Of the spirit in which it-is conducted , ' our readers niay judge frorri the following extract ; - ^ - ; -. ' . ; . ' . ., ; ,
• J ; --:- ' ' . ¦ ¦ ! - \ r :: „ . . UNION . ; ; ,,, . . . „ . . .. „' ., . Reformers at home having the same end i in view , but-who' have hitherto ' . disagreed / as to moans , -are now / coming ; together to adjust or inquire into those differences' which ' , ' hare hitherto kepttliem apart , fighting single-handed agairistthe hydra-headed evils of society , and are now . sepkingicommoii ground bri which they can stand , shoulder to shoulder , and with their combined energy , and strength do , battle against ignoronceand oppression ; , ; ; ' '" Two pai'tieswho ^ ave ^ bngi been irithe holy eijusadq . have / already ' met for theahove specific'purpbs ' e r ^ they are 1 the ' . Social ' Reformers and , the 'Political Reformers , fj ' oth erwisb ' vChaHistsiarid ^ Socialists . .
Both . have for : years 'laboured assiduously : in their own way—sometimes quarrelling ' with each other —nn ' d both hare done iriuoh ' gopd ; but , expect ; to do much more lri ^ a leBSjSpace / of time than hereto , fore when ' / , this ? common ,, ground which , they seek can be found . -. God grantthat it may ! ; ; . ; •" - If we come tbisift'thewhy aridthe wherefore ; of the long separation of i thesetwb'bddies ^ I ^ hirik ' we / niiEht discover" it to bo very' trivial , or at least not , sufficient ibjwarrant a division amongthearmyof the people ;/ 1 Tho great difference between . them is - ono believes redemption 1 can be "attained best through / the i'frorganizatiori of the social'iamn ' ge . " ments Of . society by the people themselves without the neccssjit y for legislativejiiterfercnee , ; tho / ptljer , letting alono social questioriafor the , prcsentj . a ' rgue
the impossibility of reform of ^ any permanoy or extent unless supported , backed ' , protected by paihairient ; for ; 'say theyigdverhnient constituted ' as it ia of tlicBo > ho "( leem the ; rightB and privileges wo , the working classes seeki inimical with theirown ,. will never ( havingUhe . power and -, willrto prevent ) perriiitus ' tb "liavethem ;» and . 'i-thereforb , ' all purendeavours ' are'bfribkva'il / . s ^ eirig that'the ^ can be ahnihnhta 7 wiie'rifl ' ver tfibse , i ^ that" will be )' oftcou « e , f . ' ^ our condition at (! thc-cxpenBe . of : * littlei . of theuv aupei fluities . Again ' , ' the . Social - Reformers ; assert , the people , as yet , would be no better with the Charter than they are now without it , because they uadewtand not what their social position
Tfie Future; An Advocate Of Social And D...
should be . The cla ' ssesriow'in . posaG ' saion of power , legislatorial and social , make ^;& 'Ja ' meritable ' use pi it . And why ? i Because in the majority ; of . . oases they , know no' better . ; ' Supply / their places , with others equally misinformed ,: and you will /; only reap the , same harvest of disappointed hopes . and suffering ; , ::-. ' , / . ; . , ' .. ; :. ' . ' ;<\ ...,, .,, "; „ v ^ - -, >>• , ' : ; : This ,, then j being : the . views ofthe mo parties , itis evident the first arid greatest duty ' tobe acr cbmplished by each body in order to the
attain-^ meut . of their ,. end , is the awakening of the , great mass of : the people , froria the dark ' deep'ig ' noraiice in which they are now steeped , to a knowledge of the misery , > injustice , and degradation heaped upon them in consequence ; " For' it is too' true , whatever ' . may / be . said ; to the contrary '; 'that all governmerits , are . but reflexes pf . the / peonle , they fovern ; aye , even though riot" one-hunredth part of ihe - people are what is-termed rejpwfinted . 'therbiri ^ tney , are ever and always represented' ' therein ! " Hbw : so ? ;' " Thusr Suppose twenty men ruled by one — if that one he
ignorant , selfish , brutish , must , not the twenty be much . more so , not to feel their position arid see his errors ; Thus is the ignorance < bf the governed , represented in that ot tlieJgOverrior ; . Sois ifcl / with natioris /^ so ' . / is , it ., with '; , this " country-at present ; , the ' great mass , of . itSf people ' . are , more ignorant than . theirirulers , ; rind , the , , task of ' the enlightened . few must be ; to enlighten tbe ' man y , ; and when that is accomplished , the one man uriaib ^ d / cnuld no more hold out against the twenty than could an' aristocracy against' a people .- ' .. jtlere , it is . evident , ; can be . found , ^ .. corrimbn f round . for action , and as it should , be , and . ' is the rst that ought to be taken , inasmuch as there must be shown , ev . ils and wrongs to exist- before
persuasion to adopt other arrangeriieritB r can be oonsistently . used . Another , common , ground upon which it is pretty , certain , bur . Social arid Political : friends can unite is ¦ the advocacy of Land . jpo ' m ^ mo'ri 1 ' Property , ¦ which , though in ! other words ,, ¦ is- 'ia , declaration -that all men are equal ; and what jimrmatiori other , than . that ; is / more , likelyito make trion think . of , each ; bto them to inquire ; after arid acquibacb iri ^ all arrange-, ments likely to make them live , in love ,., together . And who for a momerifc doubts ; they ' can -work , ; harid and hearty with each other for freedom of ' > i : : ' ,
thought and ' expre 88 ion--to destroy a forced Gbdi Worsnip , ; upheld , by devilish , means , for' diabolical ends ? , iNone 3 . : ,. v ¦¦^ . i \ -. \ - ^ ^' ';; , ' ;/;;;_ . " !/ ¦ These , three icoiirses , formingi ; as : they . undoubtedly- ' doi , ' th ' e :: grand , - broad outline ' of-jRadical * Reform , imay , with :: a little bearirig ^ and . 'forbearing on ,. each sidej be accepted .. ' ^ ; Jmutnal \ , gr ; ou . ii'd''for . a . ^ nim on ; cause , and . rest ^/ assured /' . th'b other subordinate i strokes : ; or . touches ' requisite ' . ' for thp completion and harmony of ; the glorious picture of Salvatiori andharmdny will , as usuali be discovered and given , while / in its progressive state , till the glbrieustask be finished and / rendered / '' , / V " A thing of beauty , ' and a joy for ever . " .: , ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ - ¦ '
Pjixmi
pjixmi
\ A. .Micnoscopic Rdividbnd~Iri. The Mat...
\ A . . Micnoscopic rDiviDBND ~ Iri . the matter of Bowies ' , Ogderi ; and'Wyndham , ' of Shaftesbury and Salisbury , 'bankers ; who were' -bankrupts iri 1810 , a final dividend , ' pf brie-eighth' part / of a peimy in th ' e pound has . be ^ ti . declared .. ^ .. ' , 7 / :, .. ' ,.. -, ; : tr /'' . ., i i \ L LxaGB Order . —A . ybutlgVwoman went , / the other day into the shop of a butcher iri the upper part of Richmond Row ; -arid 1 with rather apompous air , 'ordered . ' a quarter of a pourid of gravy beef ! Tlie . butcher ,, who is a . clever wagi looked at her in ariiazeinent , and , iteppingup Jto ' . her f said , "Pray , ma ' am is all for one . establishment ' . ? " '' . .,. . [ I ( , ' ; .
.- Female Prize ¦ Shooters . — -A ; Mrs .-Simmonds , who , it appears , caribe heard of at the ; Crown Inn , Salford , challenges ; Mrs . Wilkinson , / or any other temaleinEngland , to a . match '( at ' rifle ,. pistol , ' or pigeon shooting , for 100 guirieas . / The / expressions of . Mrs . 'Simmondsare . very ; startling ;; she says jshe " is opento shoot ; Mrsi Wilkinson ¦ or any other fe ' : male inEngland . " , ' ' "•; . : i :: - ' ' : ' , i / CoiiiosiTY . ~ A gentlema ^ , ' dining witha friend one day , was struck , by the earnestness with which a little . girl regarded him , and taking her on his lap ¦ i , ' . ¦ i ,
caressed her . "Please , -sir , "; said ; shej '' tell . ; me what is 'in / the house next to you ? > l'd-like very much to know , arid to see it . '; / " And ; tell ' , me , my little dear .. why-ybu , wish to know ; ' ? . " "Because 1 heard riiiimriia say , sir , that you wasriext ^ oor ^ oabrute .- ' Editors ANn Printers in CALiFoRNiA .--Editors receive ; 6 , 000 dollars a year ;• city reporters . 3 , 600 dollars ; marine reporters , ' 6 ; 000 dollars- ; foremen , 5 000 , dollars , ; and ; f compositors , , 4 ) 000 ; - "'dollars . These are the actual prices paid . / jby . the / ' PaceJfciVeii's for the daily matter prepared for that ' paper . / The expensesfor the year reach . 100 , 000 doliars ; : :, ; . , i
Wht 13 akisslike a rumour ? Because , it goes i ' ro ' n month , to mouth ; - , . / / " / '[¦ - ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦' ' ¦ > '' ¦ '' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ / Jpj Wiiy is / . ' a gurismith ' s sjiop ' like a ' chicken pie ? Because theyboth contain fowl-inrpieceb . ' , . ! . ' . ' Weli ,, Mr . Jackson , " said ¦; a . clergyman to . his parishioner , " Sunday must be a blessed day toyou . You work hard six days , and the seventh you come to church . " M . Yes , " said Mr . Jackson , ' * ' I work bard all the week ,, arid , ; then „ I coiries ; tocburcli , ' 8 it 8 ; me : dowu „ cocks . up me . ilegs , ' ; arid . thinks of nothing !* ' ' . ;¦ .-.: .. :. * , '¦ .:, .: ; .:- ' , ; , ; ¦ ,. ;/ .. ' : / .,. - ^
, A Dear Rbtort ;^ -A' female servant sweeping out a bachelor ' s room ' . ' found a fourpenny piece on the , carpet , which she carried to the I owner ; "' Ybu may keep it for your honesty , " > said lie , " , siriilirig , ' and chucking her under the chin . A short " time after he missed his gold pencil-case , and inquired of . the girl if she had /' seen . it . ' "Yes , / sir , " was ' the . reply " Andwhat didyou do with it ' ? " •/ " Kept it ! for my ; honesty , air ' . " .... ' frhe old bachelor / grinu ' ea / hbrribly , a ghastly smile ,, andvanished .,.-:, s ;; , ii . ! . ' !; . ; ¦ . .,- ¦ : The Etb . —Ic is more difficult io . make ithe eye lie than any other organ we are'possessed of ; Tc ^ tell what ' a , woman'fs ' ays , pay-attention to ; hertongiio '; If you wish tb . ascertain what / she meinsj' pay attentionto her talkih ~
; eye . To . ppposuiop xd : the , heart is one ofthe easiest things " , iri . the / world-rioi . lnpk this opposition , however ,: ig , . more , difficult : thaii algebra ^ •/•¦ ... . ' .. ' . ¦ : ¦ :.: . ;; . ¦ . . -:-j :: / ' !';• -, ¦ : "¦ „ , . ; \; Thb -Sterling Value of'a'DooAL Kiss . — -The Duke / of . Marlborough' / of parsimonious / celebrity , sriperintends personally the produce of his dairy , ' arid not uufrequently se | ls . the , niilk , ! ' to the village children .., with his own hands . ^ One .. morning ' a pretty girl presented her penny and a pitcher to his grace for milk . ' Pleased with the appearance of the child , h < ' Vatted her bri the head ; ' and gave her a kiss . "Now , " said he , " riiy , pretty / lass , ' youmay tell as long . as : you live , . that ; you ( have ubeeri kissed ; by a duke . '' : "Ah , but , " replied the . child , /' . you took the penny though ! " ' ¦¦ : -: •' - • :-
Them ' s Um . —• " , 1 sayj ;" cap _ tairi / said a'little keeneyed man , as he landedfroiri ' . the ' steamer Potoiriac at Natchez , " I say , captain , thsse here ari't all . I have left : snmethin' on board ;; -that ' s . a " fact " " Them ' s all the plunder yorii brought on board anyhow . " ' " Welli'se . e now , I grant , its' OK accordin ' . to list-rfour , boxes , ' three chests , two bandboxes , a portmanty > twa hams , one . part ; cut , three , ropes of iuyans , anda teakettle ; . but .: yori see , / captain , I ' m dubeisorae /; 1 feel there ' s somethin' short . Though , I ' ve counted um over nine tinvesj-and never took my eyes / off um 1 ; whiie ' ori 'lioard i : there ' 8 somethin ' , riot nght , / gonirhow ., ' . ' ' ., - '' . Well ; . latranger , ; time ' s rip ; lliem ' s all I know oh i so just ; fetch . your wife and five children out of the cabiniicosI ' m off . " " . Them ' s
um 1 'darn it , them sum ! I knowl had forgot somethin ' : ''—American paper . ¦ _• ¦ ' ¦ ; -- ' - :: •;' ¦¦ ¦ j ' / . The American papers' % " ' ate ; , / that ' the last'scenes of the popular branch bf . ' . this . Parliainerit , were not calculated to illustrate the dignity of constitutional legislatures , but werej . fin the contrary , of the most disgracefril'nature . : It is stated that the majorityof the . Members' were drunk , arid amused'themselves by making . ' paper bullets 1 and " flingiiig . 'iliemi ' at each other ' s cneeks . and noses . One of theni , being more drunk than the rest , resented this treatment and threatened to respond ' by throwing inkstands , but hisantajibriists appeased him , -rind then / pelted him by stealth ' , so that he could not tell who tothrowat : in turn ., Steariwhile the fe . w who were soberi or
partially so , were passing laws with railroad speed . ¦; •¦¦ - Old - English Sports as ~ Preskrvativrs or CouKAOE . —It was formerly thought effeminate not to / hunt Jews . ; then not to rbast ; heretics ;; then npt to bait bears and bulls . ; then , 'riot 'to / fight cbeks and to ; throw Sticks at them , i Allthese ' eyidenbes bfmanhood became - gradually ; looked , upon as ; : no such evidences at all , but thinesiflt only ' for manhood to renbuiice ; yet the battle of ; vyaterlpo' / arid S p braon haye been worii arid Englishman , are , '' pot' ! a , jbt'the less brave / all over , the world ! . , ' , 1 Probably they / are braver , ; thatis to say ,: more deliberately ; brave , more serenely valiant ;' also more merciful to the helpless , and that w the . crown of yalour . —The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt . ' , ' : ¦ ' j ;; ; .. > i ' V ''' , ¦ ' ' ' . ' .. ' -V ' . ' . ,. ' ! J 1-- () i :-i 1 It I -.-itttl p * •¦ - »
•*_ . .. .. ; . ... — . ... . . ' r ' ¦ A NEW ! . Zb ^ LANDER ? S , DjiSIRB / Tp nE , / E , ATKlr f . — "I've been among theuNew 0 Ze ' alanders . J ' vquoth Jack , ' " ' and there they use each otherifor fresh * grub as regular as boiled driff fri a man-of-war ' s mess . They i ^ sedj tb eat thei ^ fatuers ' and . inoth ' ers wlien . tlieygottqp bid tb ' take care of ' theiriselyesj'but' how ^ they ! yb got to be more , civilised ,, and so they ; b . nly : ; eat rickety children and slaves ^ and enemies . taken , imbattle . ' ''' A decided . iristancebf'the progress ' of improvement and the march of mindi "' said ' ! . ' " Well . '' repli . d Jack , '" it ' s a bad " thing for the old folks ; ' They , dpn ' ^ take to the new fashion ; they are in favour of the good bid ;" custorii . '"" I riever ^ seed thei" thing myself . ;
but Bill Browni a ' : messmate-of-. mine , ence told me that , when he was at the Bay . of Islarids , lie see'd a great many ppoi : souls gbingabput , with tears in their eyes , trying to get . somebod y . ! to . eat ' . th ' fiu . One of them came . off ,, to : thesliip'i . arid ., told' tlietri that he couldcriot ' find rest-ariahe-stoma ' chsfof any . of his kiri'dredj ' and ; wanted ' to knowdf » thecrewcould'nt take j hipi , jri , ' . crhe ' skipDer tbldbim'ihe ^ 'as-on mbnstrpus , 8 'Kb ;! ft , allb wan ^™^^^ him . a . Ihei . poor oW fejlbw ^ SiU said ^ l . ooke ( i ; a 8 Jif | His heart would break . 'There were " plerity ^ of sharks round the ship , and the skipper advised him to jump overboard , but he couldn ' t bear the idea of being eaten raw . —Blaehvood .
.^Physical Blshliaiilfioatlons* Gjinbitatiyb. Incapacity . And Impediments To Marriage.
. ^ PHYSICAL BlSHlIAIilFIOATlONS * GJiNBItATIYB . INCAPACITY . AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE .
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, , ; * . : Thirty-first edition ; illustrated with Twenty-Six Anatomicar Engravings on Steel , ' enlarged to 196 pages , price ; ?"• . ™ j . by . pqst , direct froiri the Establishment , 3 s . 6 d . .. in postage stamps . '' ' ; - : • • ' . ' -1 ' np ; a-E '; : s ^ i ' "L' ^ n ;; t pe ; e , i e , n Dj ' *_'; ' a ' medical work on the exliaustton and physical decay of the syetem ; produced by excessive indrfgence , the consequences of infection , w the abuaeeif mercury ,. with obser * vatierif ; ori the' marrried state ; and : the-disqualificatioM wliich prevent If j ' illustrated by twenty-sis coloured ea » graviriga , and by the detailof cases . ByR , and h , PERRY arid Co ,, ' 19 , Beiners-street , Oxford-street , London ; .- ; .. ' Published by the . nuthors , and sold by Strange , 21 ,-Pater'ribster-rowV'Hannay , 63 , and Sanger , 160 , Oxlordistreet , Starie , 23 ; tichborne-street / Haynwrket ; and Gordon , 146 , Leadenhaltstreet , London ; J . and R ; Raimes : and Co ., Leithwalki Edinburgh ; D : Campbell , Arejll-street , GlaairW ; ' J ; Priestly ; - Lord-street , and T . Newton ,: Churchstreet , Liverpool : R , Ingram , Market-place , Manchester .. ... . ' . v : *¦¦; ' . rpart ; the First ? ¦ - ' . = ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . Is dedicated to the consideration ofthe anatomy and pnysl . ology of the ' orgftHS wliich are directly or indirectly etipigei in tte process of reproduction / It Is Uluitrated by . awt eo . loured " G ' ngra vingg . - , ; : ¦ ¦ , - ¦ Part the Second . Treats of the infirmities and decay of the system , y pro « uee < l by over indulgence of the passions , and * by the practice of solitary-gratification . "It shows clearly the manner . in ' which the baneful conaequenees of this mdi ' ilgence operate on the economy in the impairment and destruotion . of . the social arid vital powers . The existence of . nervous and sexual debility ' 'and incapacity , with ; their . accompanying . trairi ' of symptoms and' disorders , ' are traced by the "bain- of ' connecting results to their cause / : . This selection concluded with an ' explicit detail ofthe meansby whioh . ^ these eftect * may be remedied , and full and ample directions for their use . - It is illustrated ^ by ' three- coloured engravings , which fully display the effects of physical decay . ¦ - ;' .. •' ¦ " ! .. ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' : ; . .: ' . " . ; : ; ¦ - ; - < Part the Third :,- .. ' . . .. Contains an accurate description , of the , diseases caused by ' nfeetion / and by the abuse of mereury j ptvnary nndse' condary symptoms , eruptions ef the akin , bomt throat , in flammation of the eyes , -disease ¦ of 'the boneB , _ gonerrh « a , ¦ g leet , stridtiire , Ac . ; are : shown to depend on this cause , ; Their treatment is fully described in this section .-The ; ef . ' fe ' ctB ' ofrieBlect . -either in' the ! recognition > : of disease-or . , in > the treatment , are shown to be the prevalence ofthe virus in the system , which sooner , or'later .-wiU show itself in one of the forms already'me ' ntloned ,. jmd-entail diseaso'in its i most frightful sh 8 pe , not only on tbe individual himself , but : alsoon tho offapring . " Advicefor the treatment of ill thesf 1 diseases and their censequencesis tendered in this section which , if duly followed lip , carinot fail ineflfecthigacure : This part is Ulu 8 trated : by seventeen colouredengi-avings , ' , "'' . ' '' . '•'' ' . '" ¦ i .- ' '" '• -rt' '" ' .. ¦ Part ^ Ue ^ Feurth : ¦ : ...-A -. -. , . ; , ¦ ' ilreats ' ofthepreventiori ' of disease by a . simple application , , ' by which'the danger of infection is obviated . Its action it ¦ ¦ simple , but ' sure . It acts . with the virus chemically , and "destroys its . power on the system . . This important part ' ofthe work "should be read by every young man entering ' ¦ Intslife . f ^ . ' * - > 'ii .. 'V ¦ : - ¦¦ i . ' < : i : ' . ' . '• : . ; ; . i v -. ¦ : / . ;;' . ; ¦ ¦ ' ' .. ; : if . '" . . ' -- ' : '; . .. i- 'iFarttheJifth ' : ; - ; -i . •(> ¦>' ¦ > . - , - ¦¦[ Is devoted to'the conBidefation . of the Duties and Obliga . - : tions' of the Married State , and of the causes which lead to ; - the'happiness or niiserj of tliose who have entered into , the bohds'of matrimony . i ' < Disquietudes and jars' between married couples ai-e traced' to 'depend , in the jmajoritj . of in . ¦ stances ,- ' on ' causes . resultin ( j : from physical imperfections : andTerfors , ' arid the means for . their removal'shown tobe : -mlbm reach'and effectual .: ' Thdi operation of certain idht qualificatlon » is fully exaaiined , ' aua infelicitous and nnpro-; ' . . ductive 'unions , shewn to-be ' . the . necessary , consequence . . iThocausesaridremedies , forthis state form ' an important ' consideration in , thissection of the' ^^ work . : ' ,: i ^ THE ' . COpDIAL ' BALM ; OFSTRIACUM " Is expressly employed td ' renovate the impaired powers ot life , when exhausted by the influence exerted by solitary [ indulgence on' the system . ; Its action is purely balsamic ; I its power in re-invigor ' atirig the frame in all ' caisesof ner . (¦ vbusandsexual'debility , " obstinategleets ; impo ' tency , bar-, renness / and debilities arising from venereal excesses ' , has been demonstrated by ' its unvarying--success' in thousands of cases , To ; those persons' who are prevented' entering ! the married statO'bjth ' e consequences of early errors , it U ' invaluable . Pricells . ' per bottle , or four quantities in one , ;¦ for 33 s ;" -:- ¦ . - ' : ¦ .-... v .- : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . .-. ¦;¦ ..= •• .:-: . THE aONCENTRATEDDETEItSiVE EJSSENOE Ab anti-syphilitic remedy for purifying the system a-om ve . aereal contamination , and is veeottimended for : any of the varied forms of secondary symptoms , such as eruptions on ; the skin , blotches . on the head aud face , enlargement of the throat , tonsils , and uvula ; threatened destruction of the nose ; , palate ,, & c .. ¦ Its' actiou is purely ^ detersive . * arid its . Seneficial . influence on the system is undeniable . . ' Price Ug ¦ and 33 s . per , bottle . . , ¦ ..,, ' , ; , ;' . . " -. - ' . / ' , , ; ' , ' i ¦ The 51 . case of Syriacum or , Concentrated Deteraive Es-, sence ^ an only b ' ehad at 19 , Beraers-strieet , Oxford street , ' . London , \ yhereby there is a saving : of Ik 12 s ., and the pa-¦ tient is entitled to receive advice ' without a , fee , . which advantage / is applicable only , to those who . remit 5 { . for a packet .- . . ¦ ; " "• . ; . ' ¦ i : Consultation fee , ( if by letter ) , 11 . — Patients arere-, quested to fee as minute as possible in the , . description of , . their cases . -.. . Attendance daily at 19 , Berners ; street , Oxfcird-strert , 1 London ; from eleven to two ,. and from five to eight ; on i Sunday from elp" « n to one .
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Brother Chartists ,. '! " Beware of "Wolves in Sheep" a . ¦ ,: ¦ . . . - : ' : '¦ ' .-....,. -Clothing /;" .. ; : Sufferers are earnestly cautioned against dangerous imitations fof these Pills by . youthful , self-styled doctors , who have recourse . to various schemes to get , money ; such for instarice . as professing ; to cure compliti . nts , for 10 s , .. only advertisng in the nameof a . female , and pretending to give the character of " ueramajrom i their ^ viiting ,, and what is equallyabsurd , promising to produce haiiy whiskers , itc , in . a few ., weeks- ; but ^ worst . of all ,, ( as-it is playing with the afflictions , of theirifellows ) , daring . to . infringe the proprietors' right . by making . truthless assertions , and advertising u _ spurious compound .. under another , the use of which will assuredly bring annoyance and disappointment . EXTIIAOEDIXARY SUCCESS OF . THE UJEW - ¦ ' = REMEDY !! ' - - . . Wltich'has never been known to fail . —A cure- effected ¦ . . . .. ' .... V or . the money : returned . ' ' . - PAI 2 TS , IN ' TUE , BACK , . GRAVEL , LUMBAGO RHEUMATISM , ' ,, 00 , TJXi ';; DEBILITY , STBIC-¦ ' ¦ TURE , GLEET , - . & c . : .- " . * - > "; ' - ' ' .-. .- ^ J 7 ) E . DE . EOOS : GOMPGUND ^ ENAL ¦ rJ ¦ ¦ PfttS ( of which , there are s ^ uridus imitations )' are a certain cube for the' above dangerous' complaints ' , - if recently acquired , as ' -, also ' . all , diseases ' of ' the'kidneys ' and urinary ; organs generally , ' whether ' resdlt ' irig'fi'bm imprulence . oroUierwise . ^ ieh . i ^ iegVcte ' d ' invariiibly result in symptom ' s of afar more ^ serious , character , - ' arid fre ' qiiq ' ntly an agonising death !' , "By ' their salutary ' , action on acidity of the stomach , they ; correct bile arid indigestion ; piirify . aiid . prbtnote tlie renal . secretlons , thereby pi-eventlng c tho formation of stone in tlie "bladder , and estifMiehmg for Me tlie healthy functions : 6 f all these organs . They have never beeu . known to fail , arid may bo obtained through most . Medicine Vendors at is .. 1 Jd ,, 2 s . 9 d .. and is . ' 6 d . per box ., or sent free on . receipt ' . oi the price in postage stamps , by Dr . DEKOOS . ' - ; .. .. . ... ; . ; ,. . ; .. ¦ ' * ; . . . TESTIMONIALS . . .. '' . ' '' , ' -Mr . Hoive , Acton : 'Your pills ' quite ' cured'hiy gravel and pains in the back ; I had tried every : pill advertised to no purpose . ' ' . ' .. . ' ,. '"" , * ' . '' ¦ ' Dr . Thompson ' : ' 'I consider your pills nioi-o adapted to these diseases generally than any fonriiila-1 have met with . ' ,. ~ ' . '"' , ' . ' . ' . ' . ' . ' ¦ ' ¦ , '" ' . ' ' ¦ ' " - ""'' . ¦ ' Itev . 'J . Stone , \ Vigtiri ' : 'Send me ' four boxes for some of mypoor parisliioners ' j . ' tiiey area gi-cat'blessiiig ., * . ; . ' ¦ Lasting benefit can ' only , be reasonably expectedaf the bands of the duly qualified practitioner , who ; departing from the routine of jrimiro ' i practice , ' devotes . 'the whole of his studies , to this classof diseases , ' the lamentable . neglect of . which , by ordinary medical men ; , and their ' futile attempts at cure by ' mercury , arid other equally ' dangerouamedicines / have pvofliiced the most alarming results . ¦ ' . ' ¦ ' '• Sutl ' crers are ; invited to . apply- at ' , orice to DbIi'De Roob , who guarantees a speedy and perfect cure of " ev ' crysymptora , without hinderarice irorii business , change ' . of diet , < fcc ., incoinparatively ' dats , or return the money .: ' , . Country , patients wishing' to place themselves under treatment will , be niinute in . the detail of their cases , and to prevent trouble , no letters from stranger ' si will be replied to unless they contain , £ 1 in cash , or by Post-office Order , payable at the Ilulborn Office , ' for which advice mid . medicines will , be sent . ' , Patients cori-esponded with till cured . At homo for consultation , ' daily , froiri 10 ' till l ^ and i till 8 , '( Sun ( lays excepted . )' . "" , ' Post-office Orders payable at' the Uolborn : Office , to Walter De . Ho ' os , M . D ., 85 , Ely-place , Holborn , London . DR . M Jlbfii ^ O ^ CENTElTED GUTTJ ! VIT ^ -ha ' s , i -iri ^ all ins ' tarices , ' ! proved a speedy and permanent cure , ; for , eveiy variety of disease arising from ? solitary babits , youthful delusive excesses , ami-. infection , sueli . as . goiioi'i'liffla ,. syphilis , ie ., which from neglect . or improper treatment by mercury , copaiba , eubebs , and other deadly poisons , invariably end in some of the following forms of secondary symptoms , viz ., pains and swellings In the . bones , joints , and glands , skin eruptions , blotclitsand pimples , . weakness of tlie eyes , lossofhair disease und decay of the nose , sore throat , pains in the side , back , and loins , fistula , piles , Ac , diseases of the kidneys , and bladdw , aleiit , strietuve , seminal weakness , nervuusaud sexual debility , loss of memory , and finally such d state of drowsiness , lassitude andeeneral prostration of strength , as unless skilfully arrested , soon ends in a'miserable death 1 . In tkejwcueiiKon and removal of the foregoing , symptoms , aud as a restorative of manly vigour , whether doficitnt from early imprudence , or residence in hot climates , ic , this medicine has obtained an unparalleled . popularity . . , . . . . . , .. . " ., from its properties in removing leucorrhoea , or . whites , headache , giddiness , indigestion , -palpitation of the . heart , dry cough ,. ] Qwnc £ s . of spirits ,- bari-eHiiess , and all . disorders of Females ; itjs admirably adapted to . ' that . class of sufferQys . ' as it nut only puvities , aud stvengtheris- the whole system , ; biitit'weale 8 new pure and richblood , and soon restores the invalid toi . sound health ; , oven , after ,. all other remedies ( which have , . usually : a . . depressing ^ tendency ) have failed ; in this lies the grand secret . ' of , its ^ uriiversal . success . ..-, . ? Sent seeuvely packed , ! to any part from the establishment only , price lis per , bottle , ; or four Quantities in one large bottle for , 83 s ., with ull instructions for use , on receipt of the amount by Post * Oflice Order payable at the Holborn Ofliee . '• ¦ : ,. . :,. ! : ' i . . ¦ - ; -:.-. ; ¦ ¦ . .. ¦ :. .,:. , ¦ , , . .... . '' '¦¦ READ DR . PR ; ROOS ' . CJ 3 LEKUATED WORK , qpHE MED 1 CA 1 / ADYISER ,: the tilth A- thonsarid of ' which ' ' is " - 'just' publislied ; ' containuig Hi pages , illustrated with' numerous beautifully coloured engravings , descriptive , of the-Anatomy ' and Physiology ofthe Generiitiy , e : Oi { ians ,, of-B 6 tb ' sexes , in health arid disease : also , Chapters on ; the Obhgatio ' n ' s' and ' Philosophy of Marriage ; Diseases ' of tlie Mirle . audFemale parts- of Generation ; the only safo mode of ' treatment tind eui'c of all those secret msctises , ari . ^ uj ; - from infection andyoiitbful delusive excesses ; with plain directions for tlie removal ot every disqualification ; and the attainment of health , vigour , « Sc , with ease ' , certainty , ' arid safety . :-- : i ; i : ' " . ' itay beobtainediaa ' staled envelope tlirough most booksellers , or of ' tho Autliorj price 2 s ., or free-by post for thirt y-two postage stamps ; - ' - ' ' ' ri \^ . ~ f ' ¦' , ' „ '¦'¦ " "'"' ' '' ''' oriNiON ' 8 'or . TiiErnEss . ;• ' '' . l '; ' . 1 Extract- from the'J / edtcat QexcUo and 2 ^" « - ' ; - . . ^ 9 » - uately for our country , a remedy for these deptoiaUe coinplaints is-at lastfdund , aiulWe hail th « dime " ™*^* tint , when sueh ^ diseases shaU b » coinpnrattv ^ t ) i lnuneard oi ' jAve-ntope aU prii * ong , soaffliirt » 0 ^^ . S h availhigthemselvesiotV-DivDe 'Koca ^ -wn . - ^ d " ^ » indeed a boon to the publi . ^ a s ¦ ]»*«•»» iSStoand dn ? v tag 0 of , H , linnes ^ a ^ b ^^» u n ^ £ ^ ^^ . ^ JSir . ^^ ra . toS superiative : excellenceVand ^ %$ * £ ¦; r " liquidTricom . nena to the . perusal . of aU ; SSwStf &^ S c ^ SSSS ^ -ifc ^ M * nAo . ^ paM ^ ptete ^ mu ^ ddTm Walter De Roos , M . D ., 35 ;< EI ^ lae . ^ iIolliorn . hill , Loudon . .. , ' , . N . B . —AU those deemed iscDKABiE are particnlarty invited ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 7, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_07091850/page/3/
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