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Ofiwxrd , aad wt oeEqnir! ¦ B*ek«T*ri,and«e r*B! " Ids Pwple'i CtertM and Ko Surreaue! TO THS OLD ~ GUARDS OF CHARTISM.
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Old Guards—I always told you that we had...
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TO THE SECRETABIES OF TRADES' UNIONS, <f...
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In order to show the accuracy with which...
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:V": *' . ^yr ^- " y *^^/ jjr i>^?^<&&$~...
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LAND COMPANY. . My...
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THE FOLLOWING GRATIFYING RESOLUTION AND ...
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Ghhenwich akd Depiford.— At the usual we...
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j TOE FftATERNAL DEMOCRATS. The usual mo...
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THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS (assembuhg in Lo...
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CONDITION OF THE SPITALFIELDS WEAVERS. A...
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In the north of Spain and the south of F...
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t ^. ', ^ ' ' V\\ "'> Nj, V s. C X J^. v...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Ofiwxrd , Aad Wt Oeeqnir! ¦ B*Ek«T*Ri,And«E R*B! " Ids Pwple'i Ctertm And Ko Surreaue! To Ths Old ~ Guards Of Chartism.
Ofiwxrd , aad wt oeEqnir ! ¦ B * ek « T * ri , and « e r * B ! " Ids Pwple ' i CtertM and Ko Surreaue ! TO THS OLD GUARDS OF CHARTISM .
Old Guards—I Always Told You That We Had...
Old Guards—I always told you that we had but to stand like a r ock in the midst of the- ocean , allowing ? he breakers of faction to dash in foam around rjs , and that , in the long run , man ' s equality and the tights of Labour would be the reward of our perseverance , resolution , and courage .
"Who fears to talk of dungeons now ? Who js ashamed of being consigned by tyrants to eighteen months of solitary confinement in a felon ' s dungeon in York Castle , when he sees the abundant crop that his persecution has produced ? Not I ! I would have suffered any amount of persecution that the little minds of Whig tyrants could invent , to" have insured me that" New Year s Gift , " bestowed tipon us by the Edinburgh Weekly Express , of Saturday last—and as I have ever told you that I desired no monopoly of patronage , but , on the contrary ,-would rather see it wholesomely distributed amongst those journals that advocate our whole principles , unmutikted and
undented , I have now to request a fair share of support for the Weekly Express , whose address i give you at foot . 1 am happy to learn that you , my Old Guards , are foremost in your endeavours to have the National Petition for this year signed by at least five millions ; nor do I despair of seeing many Milesian names added to the long muster roll . , because I believe , in my conscience , that those airy and metaphysical nothings , in search of which the Irish mind has been roaming for many year ' s , must now be abandoned for the pursuit of substantial and practical measures ; and will it not be cheering to you and to me , when vse call our appeal to the Class Parliament , an . Imperial , instead of a National , Petition ? I have often addressed you as the Imperial
Chartists , because I was aware that when the people of the two countries had a mutual understanding , that they . would see mutual advantage in co-operation . The tyrant Lord . Lieutenant of Ireland has , as I predicted , opened all the blades of-the shut knife with which his nurses entrusted the child—and , as I predicted also , those few districts which the minister told us were disturbed , have become the plague spots , and have extended the infection to heretofore peaceable districts . While npon the other hand , the Archbishop of Tuam , Dr M'Hale , and the clergy of his diocese , have embodied in several' resolutions the very measures which I proposed to the Irish landlords , in my letters written from York Castle " in 1841 .
Is not this another proof of the value of perseverance ? "While , to go further , this Saxon Lord-Lieutenant is compelled to send agricultural lecturers throughout the kingdom , believing , with us , that to the spade , and not to the sword , Ireland must owe her peace , and her up-start aristocracy their protection . Old Guards , be upon the watch-tower ; the ihses are pregnant with great coming events , and we , ay , tre , ofall the people of Europe * are alone prepared for the advent ; because we alone are prepared with a system of universal justice , as a substitute for that system of universal tyranny by which the world has been governed . They never again can make Labour at home war against its own domestic rights , in order that domestic tyrants may reap the reward of Labour ' s folly .
Two years ago—by my own single foresight , precaution , and instruction—I prevented the English militia from being embodied ;; and now I tell you that before the winter passes over a demand will be made upon your purses—yea , perhapsj upon your persons—for the complete subjugation of Ireland . But in that I will pledge your loyalty to the death , that you will resist such an infliction from your loyalty to justice , rather than aid it by loyalty to a bauble that renders you no protection . Of course , both you and the Attorneys-General will understand me to mean loyalty to the law , and not for a moment doubt my loyalty , or yours , to our lovely young Qaeen ^ and her lovely independent babes .
Here follows the address from the Weekly Express . Read it , and it will do your hearts good , as it has done mine . I remain , Your faithful and uncompromising friend , Fearcus O'Comkor .
To The Secretabies Of Trades' Unions, <F...
TO THE SECRETABIES OF TRADES ' UNIONS , < fec . "We beg to announce that it will afford us much plea sere in hiving our reporter in attendance at the meetings of the various trades of Edinburgh ; and for this purpose Ke beg to request that parties desirous of being repre-Eented in the columns of the Espxsss , ir illbekind enough to hand in notices of their meetings to the Publishing OSee , at So . 279 , High-street . It is gratifying to be enabled to state that the most
grateful support has been accorded to ns since we announced our intention of continuing the Exriiss . The necessary preliminaries attendant on the transfer of the copyrig ht , attended wilh sll the necessary legal technicalities , has occupied so much of the time of the Prop rietors , as to interfere with the amount of Editorial and other original matter ; but as it was important that our Journal should not lose the market for one day , vre have produced our sheet , such as it is , irith all its imperfec tions on its head , promising that our next numbsr will exhibit traces of deep study in regard to Firct -Pris-Sh 3 « i ... ... _ ..
" in contradistinction to the prevailing tone of the Edinburgh press , the Weekly Express takes its decidedstand npon the grand , the ennobling , and primary doctrine of the Political Equality of the People , irrespective of rank or stat ion , and Vill boldly maintain the indefeasible rig ht of every man to the possession of the Elective Franchise , if untainted by cr ' me , or incapacitated by lunacy ; and svill , on this first principle , admit of no expediency shift whatever as a palliation of any infraction of its free right or exercise ; in fine , the Weeklt Expstss Hill strenuously rdvocatein all its entirety the embodiment of the principles of Political Equality and Justice , es set forth in « The People ' s Charter . ' ¦
We propose from week to week to devote a goodly por . tion of our space to the elucidation of the six points of the People ' s Charter . The Land Plan of Feargus O'Connor , Esq , will receive due prominence ; a » d we beg to be put in communication with the various secretaries of the National Land Company , in order toexhibitan account of the tarious meetings in connexion with this great moral national regenerator and elevator of the condition of the m ; iss 6 S . The affairs of Ireland will not be overlooked ; and as a proof of the earnest of ourintendons on this head we give notices of Hepeal Meetings in Ediaburgh and Glasgow ; and we greatly rely on eur Irish friends to back ns oat in demanding the total and unconditional repeal of the Union .
We are proud in being able to state that we have secured the warm and hearty support ef some of the leading repealers of Edinburgh , who have generously come forward in our cause . The Chartists of Edinburgh are warm in the tendering of their support ; and from the known influence of many friends o t popular rights , though not connected with the Chartist body , we hopetosacure an enlarged number of subscribers . Having thus far delivered ourselves , we beg to wish aU our friends , a 'Happy i ' ewVear . ' We trust that the year ISiS will do much for the advance of popular rights ; and with the known indomitable energy of our Champion , Feargus 0 Connor , and his compatriots inside the House of Commons , ieckfd up by our parent the 'Nosthebn Stab , ' we hope to be instruments ! in oar own little way in advancing tne great causa of human progress . ' The People ' s Charter and Xo Surrender' is our polar star .
In Order To Show The Accuracy With Which...
In order to show the accuracy with which the newspapers publish all matters connected with Irish measures , we give the following two notices of motion given by Mr Feargus O'Connor , of which the daily papers have g iven such a garbled account ; the Times stating that Mr O'Connor had merely given notice of his intention to move for the establishment of district registration courts and the appointment of six equity judges , while every one of those papers receive the votes of the House , which contain the two following notices , as well as aU others , in full ^ s Feargcs O'Connob , —Bill for establishment of district ¦ Registration Courts in Ireland , for the registration of Ita ? es , contracts , and other documents between Landlord and Tenants : —Also , for the appointment of six
Equity Judges from members of the Irieh Bar , of not ltss than fourteen years' standing , such appointment to be made by the Lord Lieutenant , by and with the consent of-the Law Oficers of the Crown in Ireland , the Gnty of such Judges to ee to hold Courts in convenient Places on their sereral circaits for hearing and determining all matters in dispute between Landlord and T « nant , and whose judgment shall in aU such cases be final : —Also , to take a tray the power of distress in aU casts where a lease has not been granted , and is cases ^' iiere a lease has been granted for a term to be specifi -di to ren itr the process of tjectment more immediate and ; expensive . ts Feisgcs O'Cokko * . —Bill to alter the Kate-paying Clauses in the Irish Poor Law Act , with the view of fcMaViighing a graduated scale for the rating of |* ro-P 4 "t , whercbv in all cases where landlords do not reside in Ireland for seven ccmEecutiTC months in the year ,
In Order To Show The Accuracy With Which...
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To The Members Of The Land Company. . My...
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LAND COMPANY . . My Dear Children , My mind was so thoroughly occupied last week with reflections upon the " probable result of the Coercion Bill , and the villanous treai chery of those Irish memoirs *? ho allowed it to pass , that I had not time , zsxr mind if I had had time , nor inclination , to wish you a happy New Year when the "New Tear ' s Gift " to my unfortunate country was a treacherous , cruel delusion ; and , as J anticipated , ' the Saxon despot has early availed himself of the powers conferred upon him . I shall confine my present observations to matters connected with the Land Company .
- That Company , as far as the National Land and Labour Bank is concerned , is now closed —that'is , no aid can he administered to any other Company from the funds of the National Land and Labour- Bankj . ^ b ^^ fu ) ly . impreesedanil . wvth the indispensable necessity for marshalling a great practical mind to meet coming events , that I shall aid other parties , by all the . means in my power , in carrying out any feasible p lan for locating the working classes of this country npon the soil ; while ,
in the next number of the "Labourer" I shall develops a plan for the establishment of another company . When I speak of preparing the mind for coming events , by that 1 mean , that "the . people should not again be entrapped by any mere theoretical scheme , such as Emancipation and Reform ; hut that the whole mind of the country—yea , of the universeshould now demand Labour ' s share in any change that takes place . And every sentence that ! have written upon this subject for the last sixteen years has now become a household phrase .
As I have promised an elaborate explanation of the prospects of the Company in the next number of the Labourer , I shall confine my observations now to matters connected with our present position . On the llth of- September I got possession of this farm of three hundred acres , of which fully from sixteen to eighteen " pressed hardly upon the means of subsistence , " being under stone walls and broad fences , while not one acre of it was cultivated to a tenth part of its capability ; and here , in the depth of winter , I have all but completed eighty cottages , a
quantity of road-making , and have ploughed the whole once , and a large portion a second time , and shall have shortly completed the draining of a portion of the ground that required it i making this farm—that was before a wilderness—an object of admiration to every passer by . And on Friday next I start with my troop of forty horses to erect ninety houses upon the Snig ' s End Estate , within six miles of Gloucester ; and every , one of which , together with roads , ploughings , & c , I shall have completed before the 1 st of April . I wish that those "Bosthoons , " as we call fellows without brains-in Ireland—I mean those
little hired editors and scribes who have the insolence and the foily to write about the Land Plan , could see a feudal lord ' s game farm tucked in with seven yard fences for the preservation of game , and without a single inch of road to it , or perhaps a well upon it—and see the same farm after 1 had converted those vermin covers into labour fields , and placed a pump in every man ' s back kitchen .
These miserable prostitutes—that wouldn t know a turnip from a potato—would lead you to suppose that the process of ' converting a wilderness into a paradise , merely consisted of sticking a hovel every here and there upon the land ; while the unprejudiced , who see a farm in the state in which I got it , and in the state to which I bring it , can scarcely bring themselves to believe in its identity .
I have already made an amount of the very best manure upon this farm that astonishes the neighbours ; more , in fact , than it has received , or any other farm of its size has received , within the last ten years , and I shall have forty oxen making more manurehereuntil the day the occupants are located , as my plan is not to sell anything off the farm that can be profitabl y manufactured upon the farm . And now , as the time has arrived , as I predicted it would arrive , that it would be more fashionable to talk of a ^ minister of dung than of a
minister of allspice and nutmegs , I will gtve you a practical illustration of this portion of my theory . On the , llth of September I purchased eighteen pigs at the auction of a farmer ' s stock . They cost me about 25 ? ., and ,-to the great horror of the farmers in the neighbourhood , I fed them ever since upon barley meal , —the barley grown upon the land . They have eaten ^ short of thirty quarters—which—At £ l 16 s . a quarter—makes £ i 5 Cost of pigs 25
Meke * £ 70 I sold them yesterday and they will make about 110 / . ; that is 401 . profit , or nearly double the market price of the barley after . the expense of delivering it , and leaving us several tons of the very best description of manure . So that by the time the occupants take possession of their allotments here , I expect to
have a dunghill of nearly forty tons of the very best description of dung upon every four acre allotment , thirty , upon every three acre allotment , twenty upon every two acre allotment ; and guano and bone dust in a like proportion , where those manures are best suited to the land . And , besides converting all that was grown upon the farm into money and manure , I shall make a considerable profit upon the oxen fed upon the produce .
Now this is too filthy a branch of my plan for the perfumed prostitutes who write about it to understand , so that I think that poor Sidney Smith and poor Field may knock their heads together before anything so rich as a spoonful of pig ' s dung could come out of them . These unmitigated asses put down 100 / . for a house , and nothing for ploughing , draining , sowing , planting , horse-power , manure purchased , ( such as guano ) seed , labour / and other such little items , to them unknown . have
" When I have finished Snig ' s End I shall nearly completed the operations upon another farm of two hundred and eighty acres , which I purchased this day week and of which I can have immediate possession . It is withm six miles of Kidderminster , si * of Dudley three of Bromsgrove , and twelve of Birmingham , and is in the centre of a proximate population of nearlv half a million of souls : and don t you think a fat pig or a cabbage will sell there ? MrJMsop fnd Mr Price spent Saturday and Sunday last with me-the one is oui ' broker the other ' is my manager . They are both better agriculturists than any of the press scribblers , » nr ! f nev declared themselves not only
astonished but thunderstruck . Mr Price , who haa never seen the operations before , admitted tnat all the accountshe had seenih the Star were immeasurably below the reality , and was it nottor the purpose of reserving a considerable portion of interesting matter for the next number ot the " Labourer" I should give the pjess-gang a nat that they wouldnt crack in a hurry .
To The Members Of The Land Company. . My...
whilst political economists are knocking their heads against a subject of which'they are hopelessly and . helplessly ignorant , it ; is refreshing to find my assertions more' than corroborated by a journal exclusivel y devoted to ^ riculture . The Farmer ' s GhtzeWe of Saturday last , in answer to a correspondent , who re obeste ' d an opinion of realising : the profits stated in my letter , as to " What may be done With three acres of land" says , — . ¦ f subscriber has requested our opinion on the pojsl " putty of raising inch an amount of produce aa that stated ia the abort important document . Our opinion £ e , that inch is quite possible—nay , we eould go further , if needs be . If anyone doubt our assertion , let him readMr Quio ' s evidence before the Land Commission , andjudge for himself .
Now , to refresh your minds , I . will place before you the table of produce , consumption , and profit , that I calculated upon in that letter , and I have shown that from 157 days' employment , a man will put into his pocket 4 il , after allowing him 5 U 10 s . for rent , rates , and taxes , two tons of hay , ( which 1 allow him to buy ) clothing his family , fuel , soap , andcandles , repairing im « plements , and prime cost of pigs . But as 1 hold this question to be of paramount importance , I cannot do better than reprint the account from my original letter . Here it is , then ^ '
- ; --. —• BiwosmoH « raws a case , ' " ' ' * . »» Potatoes .. ie Wheat - ... . ... ' ... io Cropped with cjhbages , mangel-wurzel , turnips , tares , clover , and flax ... 0 8 J Kitchen-garden .. . ... . ; . 0 A
3 0 Product of acre of potatoes ... 15 tons . ... .. wheat ... 200 stouas , For growing staff for sows .. ... S | roods . Forfiai . „ , „ ., lrood . For kitchen-gardea ... ... 4 a rood
To The Members Of The Land Company. . My...
DISPOSAL 07 POOBUSE . For cows—from November to March , two tons of potatoes , or nearly one and a half stone each , per day . For fatally—one and a half tons of potatoes , or about 91 b * . per day . . For six fatting pigs—frem November to March , eight tons of potatoes , or nearly two stone each , per day . & or sale—3 } tone of potatoes . Do . Milkoftwocowi . Do . 100 stones of wheat . Do . Produce of one-fourth of so acre of flax , pounded , scutched , hackled , and gpuby the family , during the winter . Do . Poor baconpigs in Ifarch . rsicss of raopecs , £ . b . d . Milk of two cows at eight quarts a-day each , sixteen quarts , at 1 £ per quart 36 10 0 Four-bacon pigs in March . ' ... 20 0 0 lOOstoneaofwbea ^ at ls . CaVperstone 7 10 8 Threff and a half tons of potatoes , at Sd ;^ . stono ... - ... U 0 0 PrlceTbf quarter of an acre of flax , - BPUB . -.. 12 10 0 Frnifrflhd vegetables ... ... «• " - - -a , 0 0 £ 95 10 0
P 80 Bt ? CB SHIBEVBD FOB FAHltl ' fl CONSffMPHOH ; Two bacoa pigs , three } Produce of sir docks . cwt . each . \ Fruit and vegetables . 1 J tons of potatoes . I Twa hives of honey . 100 stons of wheat . i AHWtUI , ALLOWANCE SEDUCED TO WEBKL * CONSUMPTION . 14 pounds of bacon . 20 duck eggs . 1 } stones of flour , 2 pounds of honey . * 2 stons ef potatoes , Fruit and vegetables , ANttCAL EXPZHCIXOBE , £ . » . d . Sen ^ rates and taxes ... ... 1310 0 Two tons of best hay for cows , from Dee . to March .,. .,, ... 8 0 0 Clothing man , wife , and three children 15 0 0 Fuel , soap and candles ... 8 0 0 Bepairing implements ... 10 0 Six pigs in May ... ... 6 0 0 £ 51 10 0 From price of produce ... £ 95 10 0 Deduct expenditure ... ... 51 10 0 And there remains £ 44 0 0 per annum afcer consumption , and , thebeat of good HviBg , I will new estimate at a low rate the value of tho allowances for weekly Uvisg : — £ . s . d . l * lba . of bacen , the best , at 6 d . per lb . 0 7 0 lj stone of floor , at 2 s . 64 . ... J 0 3 9 4 $ stone of potatoes , at 6 d . per sto ^ e 0 2 8 20 duck eggs ... ... % 0 16 2 lbs . of honey ... ... - | 0 1 6 Fruit and vegetables ... ... ?; . '• 0 1 0 ^ £ 0 \ t ' O . This does not include rent , fuel , B 03 p ft ^ aj & 1 i &^ f ' clothing . . ^ 0 mS ? f '' . EKPI . OTMENX OP Tllirt ; * > £ " ¦¦ ¦ ' " Planting acre of potatoes ... . ' ^ 2 idayg Digging do . .. ... ... 24 , - , Dibbling wheat wijhfainily ... 8 „ Reaping do , .. / V ... ... 4 „ Thrashing d / w . ... ... 13 „ PuUiog o ' aj ' tafinure ,..- ... 2 „ Gleaning wheat and taking to market ' 2 „ Preparing gfQUt ^ and sowing Has 10 ,, Engaged on a , cra not v ^ Att wheat or potatoes , but prod ' jjcing fl « , and mangel , ivurzel , qabPagfs , tares , and turnips , and in k ^ tehen | ardeu" .,. 70 „ Total number of days employed 157
Now , fathers and mothers of England , when your children are crying for bread , while you are willing to labour but ; cannot secure employment , read the above table , see the weekly allowance that your own free labour would furnish , the necessaries it would procure , and the surplus it would leave , bony less than half a year ' s labaur , and then reaii | the rubbish of the press-gang with what appetite you may . When these drivellers give j ne figures on agricultural questions to grapple with , I silence their batteries at once . Pqor Chambers has never been able to get over t % mirror in which I showed him himself ; and so it is with the whole fraternity . But , indeed , so fashionable , or rather so necessary , is the knowledge of agriculture becoming , that even the Times treats us with a "hash up" of the father who told his sons that he had buried a crock of gold , in one of his fields ; the moral of which is , that each worked so hard in searching for the crock of gold , that all found a fortune in the improved condition of their land .
I quite agree with the writer in the Farm ers Gazette , that lam very much under the mark in my estimated produce and profit ; but I have always told you that I dealt in the rudest description of culture , and much understated the probable amount of produce , and for this simple—and to my mind—justifiable reason , because in your artificial state your ignorance of agriculture rendered it necessary that you should commence your education with the A . B . C . And what 1 assert is , and I am willing to hazard a large wager and my reputation upon it , that an industrious man and his family would live as I have described , every day in the year , and realise—after consumption , and
every other expenditure necessary for the comfortable . maintenance of a free labourerover One Hundred Pounds annually , off Three Acres of ground ; and to this I will add , that from the first year to the seventh he will increase the value of his allotment by a pound a year and more , which I have always called his Savings Bank ; and that seven pounds « year , on landed security , would be worth thirty years ' purchase , or 210 Z . ; thus adding SQL a year more to his annual profit , over and above the stipulated 100 / . And was I not afraid of pushing you into Syntax before I had taught you Grammar , I would not stop even there , because I haven't allowed a fraction for labour during the winter months , when men and their
families may be healthfully , profitably , md cheerfull y employed at remunerative labour * . ; , ' Now-jsuppose that a man , his wife ,, and two children can earn sixpence a day each , during the months of November , December , Januairy ^ and Fehruary , WHEN THR LAND SHOULD BE PUT TO BED , a « d never touche d—that would amount to 12 ? . for the four months , at even the pitiful figure I have put down , but it would pay the rent of House and Land , and leave the whole produce for consumption ; a much better position for a labouring man to Be placed in . if he made
ript a farthing profit , than , as now , subjected to the caprice , of the Free Trade Employer , or the tender mercies of a Poor Law Guardian , or the clemency of a Master of a Bastile . Now that our Company is closed I can have no possible interest in recruiting for a fresh levy of dupes , while I beg to remind Mr Field and the AWKWARD SQUAD , that they will have no difficulty whatever in disposing profitably of their shares in the Company , as there will be . ten purchasers for every seller . And let me once ' agaitfrernind you of the security possessed by shareholders , in the several stages nf 8 ^^ ihl » i : S / ' ' - ' :--r . ' -.- .:. ' :: V .: v 4- ^ : '' - ¦ : •'"'
; .. , VX . Wgw »» M ? 4 ! A ? . :: < -- Firstly . ^ -The member who has paid up will have no difficulty , in finding a purchaser , who , before the ballot , will gladly pay principal and interest ; while the member who receives his allotment , and shall be dissatisfied with his new position , will receive , without difficulty , a bonus of 60 / . for Two Acres , 90 / . for Three Acres , and 120 J . for Four Acres , which is below the present market price , some having refused 2 ( Ktf . for a Four Acre Allotment ; and exactly in the same proportion in which the Plan is developed , will the market price of allotments rise . '
I think it was W . C . Chambers , or the honest Somerville , or some Free Trade rapscallion , who wrote about the impossibility of a manufacturing operative standing the back-breaking work of digging . ' < Oh ! they couldn ' t do it at all , " as if nature had made them all weavers , and art had converted them into agriculturists Well , every dog will have his day , " and 1 had mine last Wednesday . I was at Lowbands , and I saw those broken-backed fellows looking very healthy , and no man could boast of a finer lot
of children , or a more dutiful and thankful lot of children ; and I said to one—an Irishman , his name is Addison— " Well . Addison , how did yon get over the back-break ? " " Well , really , " he replied , " for the first week I thought I should give it up ; but my word now ,- ! can work the longest day , and never feel it ; and I'll be bound to say that there are men upon this estate that never handled a spade before August , that will work with the best agricultural labourers in the parish . "
Now you may be sure that , this was very gratifying to me—and the result of a three hours ' conference with the occupants IN THEIR OWN SCHOOL HOUSE WAS THIS-That I am going to plant a double row of pear-trees on each side of every road in front of every cottage , and that I am going to sow Er ' encb furze seed around every allotment , and which from November till April will furnish the very best food for cows and horses , when braised , a process in which I will instruct them , and which will be learned by all in an hour .
Now , then , my children , don ' t you all wish that you had their complaint , notwithstanding the sympathy , the solicitude , and care expressed for you by the conductors of those Journals who look upon vou as mere machines in the hands of the advertising community ; as slaves to coin your sweat into gold for middle class tyrants , " who estimate your value according to the profit they can extract from your labour . I remain , your fond , ^ Your affectionate , and faithful Father , Feargus O'Con ' no r . Minster Lovel .
The Following Gratifying Resolution And ...
THE FOLLOWING GRATIFYING RESOLUTION AND LETTER HAS BEEN RECEIVED BY MR , O'CONNOR FROM HIS COUNTRYMEN . TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq . M . P . Grattan Club Rooms , 2 g , North Cumberland-street , Dublin , Dec . 30 th , 1847 . Sir , —We , the members ef the Grattan Confederate Club , cannot allow another session of
the Imperial Parliament to commence without tendeiing to you our warmest thanks for the bold , the uncompromising stand made by you in the House of Commons during the late session , in defence of the few remaining liberties which this unhappy country has been suffered to enjoy , and for the able and dignified manner in which you asserted the right of your native land to the restoration of her ancient and honoured constitution .
" We feel that it is imperative on us , and on every Irishman who can appreciate disinterested devotion to this country , to express his admiration of the course pursued by you , as well in opposition-to the Coercion Bill , as in bringing forward the Repeal Question at so early a period of the session . Though we have long since arrived at the conclusion that the House of Commons is not the place where that question can be best discussed , yet we hesitate not to convey to you the expression of our thanks for your advocacy of Ireland ' s right to self-government in that assembly , and still more for the lofty position on which your advocacy of that right was founded .
We are fully sensible that a man ought not to be thanked for not being a traitor to his country ; but must confess your country had little claim o » your devotion to her . Driven , as you were , from her shores , and forced into exile , it would not be a matter of astonishment if you were found in the ranks of her enemies —like Coriolanus , fighting against her—instead of taking up the foremost and boldest position , defending her- against her deadliest foe .
We thank you . As Irishmen , we feel proud of you as our countryman . We point to you as a patriot in these days of treachery and corruption , upon whose pledges reliance can be placed . We have the fullest confidence that neither ministerial frowns nor blandishments will have any influence upon you . And , al though we doubt the competency of a small but faithful band of Irishmen to accomplish in the English Parliament any real good for Ireland , we are fully convinced that through such men as O'Brien and O'Connor dishonour will never come upon their country and ours .
Wishing you many happy returns' of this joyous season , we beg to subscribe ourselves , Your warm-hearted countrymen , The Members of the Grattan Club . James Conden , Chairman . Patrick John Barry , Sec .
Ghhenwich Akd Depiford.— At The Usual We...
Ghhenwich akd Depiford . — At the usual weekly meeting of the Chartist Association , held at Mr Morgan ' s , 39 , Butolier-row ; Mr Floyd in the chair , Mr Swfietlove produced six potatoes weighing above five pounds , from Mr Henry Tanner ' s allotment , at Lowbands , brought up by Mr Munroe , who described the estate aa one of the loveliest spots he ever saw in bis life . The discussion introduced by Mr . IIqws , was adjou . ued to jiext Sunday night . The council are requested to meet early to arrange matters for -a public meeting .
J Toe Fftaternal Democrats. The Usual Mo...
j TOE FftATERNAL DEMOCRATS . The usual monthly meeting of ih ' w society look place on ^ Monday evening last , at the German Hall , Drttry-Iane . Thomas Clark , of the Chartist Executive , was called to the chair . The -Chaibm *» . having opened the proceedingo with come excellent remarks on the progress of democratic principles at home and abroad , called on Charles Kkbn to move the following resolution : — . That the thanks of this eocletybe given to the editors of the . NoBTBEBir Stab , Gebmah London Hewspapbe , RlFOBHE , Bbwsbls Gibwah Gazette , Debat Social , LiBEaiL Lieobois , and Li JSuiibe , lor too publication of the Addreac of thin society to the £ J « Uo Diet . And thlo society hereby expresses its special tbsnba to the CtEBMit ? IomdohNettspapeb for pae £ favours of a similar character , which , inadvertently , have been nnacknowledgea on former occasions .
The mover having spoken at eome length in support of the resolution , it was eeconded by Carl Schapper , in a very able speech . Philip M'Grath ( of the Chartist Executive ) spoke in au ' pp 6 rt of the resolution , and in very eloquent terms commented on a variety of topics in connexion with tho cause of Democracy . He vras fondly applauded . The resolution was unanimously adopted . Jvtus Harkst read aud proposed the adoption : of an Addrara to the Working Classes of Great Britain and Ireland .. . John Akhott seconded tho adoption ef the Address .
Carl Sobappbr strongly denoancedthe efforts now being made to excite an anti-French feeling in this country . He cordially approved of every word of the Address , but doubted whether it was the province of this society to address the working men upon the question of Chartism . He feared that the society ' s motives might bs aiisconslraed ; people might think that the Fraternal Democrats wished t 6 usurp the functions of the Chartist Executive . Philip M'Grath . begged to assure his friend Scbapper that there eorild ha no rivalry between the Fraternal Democrats and-the Chartiat Executive , Himself and his colleagues were very happy to have the assistance of this society . Tho members of the Executive were ' members of this society , and he was sure that bis absent brother members would agree with him in accepting every word of the excellent Address prepared by his friend Harney .
The Address spofte the troth , and the truth was mighty , and would ultimately prevail . He considered' such addresses of the utmost importance , and the one just read had his hearty support . ( Applause . ) The Chaibmajj expressed his eonenrrenea with every word spokea by his friend M'Grath For Us truth , sound principles , and eloquence , the Address commanded his cordial approval . ( Applause . ) Carl Scrapper said the excellent speeches of his friend M'Grath and the chairman had removed the only objection he had entertained towards the Addwss . The Address was then put to the vote , and carried unanimously . Carl Schappbr moved : — That announcements of the monthly meetings bo printed and sent , one week preTious to the time of meeting , to tho ChartUt localities , and the several popular societies in the metropolis . . Seconded by J . Schabelitz , and agreed to .
In the course of the evening the secretary read the following list of members who have paid their annual contributions ( one shilling each ) due from the 22 nd of September Jas , t : — J . Moll , L . Oborski , J . Overteu , Ernest Jones , B . Rogers , H . Ross , T . Clark , S . Boonhtm , J . Harney , G . W . Wheeler , — Newall , G . F . Cooke , — Robaon , C . Doyle , iff . CuHinpham , — Broome , — Ryland , — Hutchinson , S . Kydd ( 2 s . § d . ) , C . Scbapper , — Nicholson , — Grassby , — Millward ,- Chapman , — Rogers , — Allnutt , P . M'Grath , J . Simpson , E . Gill , C . Keen , — Schabelitz , J . Psacock ( Greenock ) , W " . Monday ( Northampton ) , W . Barley ( Masobester-2 s . ) . R . Wild ( MottramV C . Springall ( Norwich ) , C . Theobald ( Peterborough ) , W . Daniells ( Isle of Man ) , W . Beesley ( Accrington ) , A . Cameron ( Mauchline ) , T . Smith ( Mauchline ) , — Morrissen ( Swindon—Is . 6 d . ) . P . Gray ( Dumfries ) , —
Guninaman ( Tunbndge Welle ) , — Hodges ( Croydon ) , T . Frost ( Croydon ) , — Beare ( Croydon ) , — Smith ( Accrington ) , G . Kendall ( Sutton-in-Ashfleld ) , G . Cavill ( Sheffield ) Aaron Higginbottom ( Sheffield—6 d . ) , John M'Crae . T . Wbilton , J . Drummond , J . Black , J . Downie , J . Graham , and J . M'Intosh ( all of Dundee ) . ! J 3 ° Any member who has paid his eontribntion and not finding his name included in the above list , is requested to communicate with Julian Harney , stating the date the contribution was sent . Members who have not yet paid their contributions are requested to do so as speedily as possible . The following new members were elected at the meeting on Monday evening * . — Turner , H . Childs , T . Lucas , and — Martin , residing in the metropolis ; and T . Warren , H . Leach , and T . Allen , all of Macclesfield .
The Fraternal Democrats (Assembuhg In Lo...
THE FRATERNAL DEMOCRATS ( assembuhg in London ) , TO THE WORKING CLASSES or . ' n ' ' '
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Eell 0 w-Labourers , - From the earliest ages your' order' has been . subjected to all the wrongs and miseries of slarery—slavery sometimes undisguised , as in ancient Asia , Greece aad Rome , and modern Russia and America and sometimes veiled under the forms ot a nominal freedom , as in these islands and their dependencies , it is an incontestible truth that he whose labour , liberty , nud life are at the disposal of another , is a slave , Such is the lot of the millions of this country . You must' beg for leave to toil , ' and when that leave is granted , your reward is not measured by the extent or nature of your labour , or the worth of your producl ' wn i , but by the avarice of the capitalists . The land is monopolised by a privileged few , and your
exclusion from the soil creates an artificial surplus ot labour which enables the capitalists of manufactures , trade , and commerce , to dictate the terms on which they consent to employ you for their own aggrandisement . The legislature , elected by a minority hostile to your interests , taxes the scanty wages of your toil , and while ceaselessly passing laws for the protection of Property , leaves Labour utterly unprotected . Laws are enacted to punish you with imprisonment , banishment , and death for certain offences , but your concurrence in those laws ia neither asked nor permitted . The rich reap the benefit , and the poor the penalties of the laws . Your labour , your personal freedom , and your very lives are at the mercy of the privileged classes . Knaves may assert , and fools believe , that you are' free-born Britons ; ' but everyday experience must tell you that veritably you are slaves ..
Are you willing that your abject state should continue ? Are you content to be the parents of slaves ? Will you rear children to enjoy no better heritage than that you received from your fathers—unrequited toil and undeserved misery 1 Glory or infamy waits upon your reply . We know that there are thousands—tens and hundreds of thousands of your order ready with an answer worthy of men . But , unhappily their power is unseen andunfelt , because they have not learned , or having learned , have neglected the lesson that ' union is strength ' . ' This want of organisation on the part of the enlightened is the more to be deplored because thereby is retarded the enlightenment of that numerous body of the wealth-producers who know not Why they bear bondage when they might bo free . ' Yet the seeds of union are widely sown . A vast multitude have adopted
• THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , ' as the symbol of their political faith . The avowed Chartists could of themselves form a phalaux , match-Jess in numbers and strength . A variety of circumstances combine to render their organisation at this time of the utmost importance . Ho Is no true Chartist who acknowledging the justice of the principles he has espoused , hesitates to perform the duties patriotism dictates . Now is the time for actiok—for enkhgt—for the struggle , and the vicioet ! Working men of Great Britain and Ireland , your miseries have been great during the past , yeat ; let those miseries inspire you with the resolution to put forth your strength in the year now commencing , to effect your political and social regeneration .
Beware of the designs of political schemers who flash beforeyour eyes the ignis fatuus . of sham reform , which if you follow will but lead you into the quagmire of disappointment and the' slough of despond . ' Within a few , years you have Twice too well been taught , . ¦ . The fatal lesson dearlj bought , 'that any scheme of so-called ' reform' emanating from the . Bourgeoisie must be' a mockery , a delusion , anda snare . ' You , the working millions , unanimously supported the middle class in the ' etruggle of that class toobtain the Reform Bill , and you know that the results of that measure h ' ave been * . : ...... « . xifce DjeadSea fruits that tempt thes , Te , But tura . to ashes on the lips . '
The Chkrtfate ' saw through the delusion of Frs Trade' and " n ' oElv- onnosed the . dfisienscf the Lfea The ChSrtfate saw tfirWh the delusion of Frs Trade , ' and " n ' obly- opposed the . dasignsaf the Lsa cashire millocr & to i ft portion of the worfcini classes however , still hoped to father grapes from thora ^ and figs from thistles , ' and . believed th « lying proraises of « High Wages , Cheap Bread , and Plenty to do . ' . The experience ef the past year has now aatn > lied the moat deluded of tho . criminal aendacityoj their deluders . Surety political charlatans -ma now find their ' occupation gone . ' . You are askad to support a ' NationalLeague for the Reform of Abuses , ' an ' Anti-State Church Association , ' an « Anti-Bribery Soci « ty , ' , » nd societies for the reform ot tho currency , and th . e abolition of certain tasey . The one design of thfcprvdeotore of these schemes is to perfect the already-dominantpower of the . middk-olass . They all combine to resist your rightful claim to the privileges ^
citizeaship ; they , therefore , are your enemies . Were U » y indeed desirous , as they profess to be , of promoting your welfare , they would aid you Wobtain f evereign power . They well know that if you controlled tKs legislature , all the reforms they seek—and reforms of much greater importance—would be . forthwith effected . Knowing this , and refusing to aid you in your struggle for the power you weuld so well employ , they sufficiently proclaim their unblushing dishonesty of purpose . Lee this great truth be impressed upon every working-man , that it is from the hut and , the hove ) , the garret and the cellar , must come the regenerators of his order and the social saviours of the human race . Receive with joy and fraternal love every man who , belonging to the privilegedord ^ B , shall re . npunce class-distinctions , and ally himself with yon to establish the reign of justice ; but look to no class above your own to ; do that work whioh , lif done , mustbe by yourselves . Who would be fr 66 , himself must strike tho blow 1 '
Practically outlawed by the . other classes ofthfl ' state , you must find in your own clear heads , courageous hearts , and powerful arms the means of effecting your regeneration , ' In Labour ' s league and Labour ' s ranks , Tho only hope of freadom dwells . * . ^ We must call your serious attentioniok Tricked and abominable conspiracy . ' against your interests ; theconapiratorsjesmprising both the avowed enemies of all reform , and many of the sham-roformera whose false pretensions we have unmasked . Theconspiratoraseek to revive those ' natienal prejudices , now all bnt ' extinot , which formerly made the working men of those countries , the willing butchers of their felloe * men of other lands . They desire to inflame the
people of these islands witn a dread and hatred of the people of France , under the pretext that the French contemplate the invasion and subjugation of England . Working men of Great Britain and Ireland , yon ? country is already invaded and * subjugated by enemies within—enemies who have reduced you politically and socially to the condition of Helots . You will not dislodge these enemies by increasing the physical force power of your rulers . We believe that the veritable people of France , —the Proletarianshave gathered isunioient wisdom from experience ,
to have learned that like yourselves their enemies are not to be found on any foreign shore , but in their own country . In France as in England a ' triumphant moneyocracy rales supreme and grinds the sons of labour to tho daat . The conquest of that enemy , and the triumph of Equality , Libetty , and Fraternity , are the objects sought to be attained by the people of France . Even supposing that this country was menaced by aggression from without , England wonld have nothing to apprehend if her people were freemen . Itia not armies , navies , or fortresses that constitute the true defence of nations . A nation ' s best defence consists iu the arms of a people veritably free . '
• With hoarts resolved and hands prepared , The blessings they enjoy to guard V Let the privileged classes of these countries re " nounce their unjust usurpations and establish poll " tical equality and social justice , and England wil have nothing to fear against a' world in arms . ' On the contrary , the people of the several European nations , would hail with joy the march of England ' s power , if that power was arrayed on the side of the liberties and happiness of mankind . Working men of Great Britain and Ireland , ask yourselves the questions why should yon arm and fisht for the preservation of institutions in tne privileges of which you have no ; store 1 Why should you arm and fight for laws of which you only reap the
penalties ? Why should you arm and fight lor the pioteotion of property which you can regard only as the accumulated plunder of the frnita of your labour ? You are deprived of the produce of your ' industry , and then your poverty is made the pretext for withholding from you your citizen-rights ! Subjected to plunder , wrong , and insult by the possessors of property , why should you pour out your blood in defence of property ? Let the privileged and the property-holders fight their own battles . If they are too weak to do so let them learn the lesson of justice from their weakness , and share the advantages of society with their outcast countrymen . If they do so , the hearts and arms of the millions will form a wall of fire round these sea-girt isles which no foreign invader could break through .
Your great want is political power as the means to effect your social emancipation ; and until that political power is yourp , Jet your resolve be NO VOTE , NO MUSKET ! Workisg men of Great . Britain and Ireland , shake off your apathy and determine for yourselves to be free . ' For a nation to bo free it is sufficient that she wills it . ' Do , you then . wiU your freedom ? Rally around the banner of the National Charter Association . Resolve that you will be represented in the Legislature , and thereby ensure protection for your labour , your liberties and your lives . Hold in abhorence the conspirators who would set nation against nation , in the name of that wicked iio , that men of different countries are , ' natural enemies . ' Let your mettobe ' AU men are Brethren ,
and your battle-cry' THE CHARTER , AND NO SURRENDER !' Signed by the secretaries and members of the committee , in behalf of , and in the name of , the Association , — G . Julian Harsby , ^ Ernest Jones , C Great Britain Charles Iveek , i Thimas Clark , j a ^ ssr £ « - SSfiEP } ° " °
itT } Switzerland Sis ,. }«»»» Louis Obohski , Poland . Carl Pohsb , ) p „ •„ P . BLDHif , f RUSSia London , January 3 rd , 1848 .
Condition Of The Spitalfields Weavers. A...
CONDITION OF THE SPITALFIELDS WEAVERS . At a general meeting ot the broad silk weavers of Bethnal Green held at the School-room , Hare-street , on Friday week , a report of the committee was brought up and adopted , from which we give the following extracts : — * We think it necessary to inform you that the parish authorities have kindly furnished the committee with statistics relating to the increase of pauperism , from which it appears that the increase of paupers in the house , during the last two years , is one hundred per cent ., and the out-door paupers have increased at a fearful rate ; and from the statements of manufacturers , there musj be nearly twothirds of the weavers out of employ ; and aotwithstanding these deplorable facts , we have ascertained thai the principal buyers are at the present time on
the continent making very extensive purchases of foreign goods for importation to the home markets . The great buyers , knowing that home manufacture is not patronised by the leading parties in the State , and that the ladies of inferior rank are influenced by their example , watch the Parisian fashians , and inundate the home markets with goods to a sufficient extent to supply the demand till the fashion becomes almost exhausted , so that , by the time the English manufacturer has bis goods prepared , the demand has so decreased that the value becomes materia ]]/ deteriorated ; indeed , in some large establishments the shopmen dare not introduce a piece of English goods until prices are brought down to a certain level . This is effected by forcing foreign goods , and by withholding purchases of British goods till the
warehouses are crammed , and then prices are offered which the manufacturers oftentimes , at a great sacrifice , are compelled to accept . * A plan has been propounded , by a gentleman of influence , for retrieving you some distance from town , and for locating you ou allotments of land , This plan , we have every reason to believe , has met with some support ; and a very strong hope prevails that the project will be carried into effect . ' In the course of the proceedings Mr Hornesby read the following communication , signed by twentytwo inmates of the Bethnal-grVen workhouse s'Sir—Wethe able-bodied of Bethnal Green
, , workhouse , are used in a most shameful manner . The master makes a practice of stopping the paupers ' supper , both men and women , because they cannot pick four pounds of oakum per day . During the last six weeks upwards of one hundred have had their suppers stopped , after being at work all day . On tho 16 th of last month two females were locked up in a cold solitary cell , on bread and water , for twelve hours , because they could not do it . Another female , suckling htr child , had her supper stopped seven nights successively , and had cold potatoes instead . On the 22 nd he stopped tho suppers of twenty-two men . ' f : J ;
In The North Of Spain And The South Of F...
In the north of Spain and the south of Francesnow has fallen in such quantities as to render the roads nearly impassable .
T ^. ', ^ ' ' V\\ "'> Nj, V S. C X J^. V...
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 8, 1848, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_08011848/page/1/
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