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Sietch of Mairwara s giving a brief. Acc...
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Taifs Edinburgh Magazine, November.. Sim...
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Land, .Common Property (orZour inheritan...
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Brba;d is about thirty per cent, dearer ...
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CURES FOR THE UNCURED1 TJ O L L OWAT'S OINTMENT •»-¦*. , An Extraordinary Curiof Scrofula, or King't .
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Cuvs^Esvwhoappearteryfeldomtohaterobseau...
Novembes 9 , 1850 . , THE NORTHERN STAR . 6 ^ ^ Z ( Ui ,. ¦ i . i . ^¦¦^ ir ^^" ? SgS ! gsr =: . : " ¦ ¦ ' Sgggsaasass ^ -- — . ¦ ' - —„
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tfJTTJMS YnLD'TLOWEB . 8 : ' ' . ' ' ^^^* » UoTeyomreli : . ' ' v dwellers in green lane and sunny meadov , ^ valley nookle t , bythemoHnta ' urstreMn ^ - S 4 ***?* % * here ' W 0 Ten '""' S ° " ^^ lo ^ ly formsi throngnmaDyasnnlit gleam . Hove you well : . - lit children , with your fair . familiar faces , - Br S !; nrtn '' fromcrevicedrockandliill'Sideloiie ^' J & a ^ d lea , in Earttfs mostpleasantplaces , jndthe deep forestcaUeth' you its own . »¦¦ I love tou well :- " "V > t fong sy lvan shades , by cool transparent foun-* " tans ¦ ' ' " '' . ¦' ' ' _ . ,,. : Your cvm sweet images , reflected he ;
. ain how beauteous on the Alpine . mountains ^ ur snowy headsaVelifted to the sky . I love yon well : fair floral fiems , in graceful bands ye cluster , ] Tjbe rainbow jewelson the brow of earthn Ieanung with ' a soft and silvery lustre In the low vale , where sonny bells nave birth . I love you well : ' -flow beautiful , ( where droop the golden tresses ^ f the sad willow ) float small fairy flowers ,.: -jThile lig ht green rushes , reeds ,-and watercresses Hipp ie the smooth stream' with their tiny showers : ' . *'
I love you well : jtod ve , the last of Autumn ' s wilding blossoms , ire thrice beloved ; thrice welcome forher sake ¦ Rn o plucked you from the way-side ' s grassy bosom A thought of Summer in my soul to wake . . - I love you well :: ; -. For ye are emblems in your fading beauty Of hopes , and fears—of trembling and of trust , £ ach drooling'leaf tells of some lowly duty , Whose fruits shall rise in glory from the dust . I love yon well : '' . ' i ' - Such silent monitors are ye ; fair creatures- ^ Tea ! g iftedwith an eloquence divine ; And well may y e appear as holy teachers ^ - Unto this world-worn ' weary heart of mine .
I love you well : i And while you decorate my quiet chamber , Tour lingering blooms charm outward sense and sight But teach me to discern and well remember -. " The language written on your leaves of light . I love you well :-3 Ieanwhile I turn , 0 gentle friend and giver , To thank ; thee for thy kindly thought of me ; Var thy heart ' s Human Flowers bloom bright for
ever ,. And bliss perpetual thy portion be October . 1850 . ;
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Sietch Of Mairwara S Giving A Brief. Acc...
Sietch of Mairwara s giving a brief . Account of the Origin and Habits of tie Mairs , their I ? Subjugation by a British Force , their Civilisation and Conversion into cm Industrious Peasantry j with Descriptions of Various Works of Irrigation in Mairwara . and Ajmeer , constructed to facilitate the Opera ' tions of Agriculture and Guard the Districts against Drought and Famine . Illustrated with Maps , Plans , and ^ iewe . By Lieut-Col . C . J . Dixon . London : Smith , Elder
and Co . Some fourteen years ago , we read with deep interest " a letter published by the author of " Letters , Sketches , and Eecollections of S . T . Coleridge , ? in which an account was given of the wonderful success which had attended the efforts of Col . Hall to reduce to order a wild and predatory tribe .. of Indians , called Mairs . In seven years , by the judicious ; and persevering application : of reformatory and kindly measures alone , 11 ; was stated that he had created an orderly , industrious , peaceable , and prosperous community , out of a race that
had , for centuries , been the terror and scourge of the district hi which they lived . ; . Since that time , we ^ have heard nothing of either Col . Ball or ihose whom he so wisely governed , and were afraid that , like many other examples of limited success in this wjiy , bo far from having been a" stimulus to iurther" and more extended efforts , it had fallen under the superior- ' evil - circumstances by which it was surrounded . ' It is with pleasure , therefore , that we find our fears unfounded , and that the East India ; Directors have published this interesting" and suggestive volume-. It is the
record of Van experiment ,, tried under peculiarly unfavourable circumstances ; to convert the native tribes of the interior into husbandmen and peaceful cultivators of the soil—and the history of its methods and its success . We know of no single work relating to tbe internal economy and social development of Hindus ^ tan likely , tb . prove of so much practical use . Such a history as this should be in the Lands not only of every servant of the Company , but also of every public writer , and Member of Parliament . ' The day is not far distant when { he men of . LeadenbaU-street . will again apply
to the Legislature of , Englandforanew lease of power in the East ; ' and before the - great discussion then to \ arise comes " on , our eight hundred bora or selected lawgivers ought to know something of the inner and civil history of the country which they will have to hand oyer on condition ' s more or less ample to the merchant pr inces of ihe City . The "Sketch of Mairwara" may be taken as a text-book in such a study . So little bits hitherto been done by the conquering race to ' civilise and humanise the natives of the country—that the idea has been fast growihg . inlo a settled conviction with the
men of red-tape and routine that nothing was to be attempted . The . sentiment of a barbaric conquest , achieved by valour and to be held by force , has extended from the actual service to an influential portion of the public at home / 'At the end of three-quarters of a century " . of occupation , Jt is a disgrace .: to English rule that it can ; point to so little real practical benefit conferred'on the subject people . C 6 L " Dixon ' s account of the experiments in Mugra , is at once a rebuke to our past neglects and an encouragement to
renewed and larger efforts in the future . The ixact of Land known by the name of Mairwara forms a portion of the Arabalachain of hiUs ,. stotehingfromGpozerat to within a few miles of Delhi . Before it ; fell into the power of lEngland , it was a dense jungle , Infested by wild beasts , and scarcely ever traversed by man , excepTalbng ithe rude and difficult paths which formed the lines of communication from one village to another , and the greater part of it was entirely uninhabited . The face of the district is now dotted over
with villages—no small portion of the surface has been brought into a state of profitable cultivation—and a town with 10 , 000 inhabitants , well-built houses , barracks , prisons , hospitals , and bazaars , ' stands on a spot that thirty years ago was a waste . There could scarcely ^ be a more signal instance of the power of civilisation in changing old-habits and ide * Sj and converting even vicibusactivity into a means of improvement .
We have said this experiment of Cols . Hall and Dixon in reclamation of Mairwara -was tried nuderhighly discpnragmg circumstances , —arising fi » m the character of the population and the incidents of their subjection . Of the origin of the people we have the following account : — x Of the inhabitants of the'Mugra ; previous to the time froBiiwhich the present ifairs date their origin . ' little SSftmsllo . b © now known . . The-country at that time must have been a vast impenetrable jungle ,. offering f ^ w advantages to the cultivator , though promising many ' to the outlaw ' and' fugitive from tne tastnesses
justice ; nence of the Mugra became eventually a ; refuge forallwhohad rendered themselves amenable to the laws of theircountry , or who had been , ejected from . caste , by ; Qieic brethren , for some reffjjbnsjpjsdemeanonr . - . All so circumstanced ; on throwing themselves on the pfptecTion of " the banditti of tie hills , were welcomed and received as brethren ; and being hopeless of pardon in their own state . ana « onfidentJn _ th 9 strength of their asylum and the union an d L deterromaiwn of thsir . new associates , spun . joined jthenvfortuneSj with , them , ; and became pennahemtiy ^ sfiaMsli ^ * In this manner therahks of the Mairs of the . Mogra ¦ ffere yearif-swelfea Sy ihe-adverifc ' of men ot ^ U
Sietch Of Mairwara S Giving A Brief. Acc...
cuvs ^ esVwhoappearTeryfeldomtohaTerobseauently quitted their asylum , but , marrying , bred up- their cbildrenjto . the mongrel faith and wild nsages'of their hew iassociatesi ' In Hhe meantime : the 1 Mairs had become mosbformidableby their depredations , to the neighbourrajf-States , i . From the peculiar position of the hilly strip of land , which they inhabited ,, surrounded as-it was by the large principalities bfMarwar , Meywar ; and Ajmeer ; they were , enabled by rapid incursions to carry their plundering expeditidns into tho very heart of any of these Statesyand yet always toiremain within hail of their strongholds ia the hills , to , which they speedily betook , themselves , on encountering ; any serious , opposition , * as plunder | and n dt war , was theirobject' * ' clMgeBfwhoaOTearTenrfeldom tohaveauhsBnTipnt . ig
Against these marauders the most powerful princes of-the country , had . sent ' ' army after army ,- ^ ach of which was defeated / dispersed , and , destrbyed inthejuhglebr fastnesses of the hills ; iand the neighbouring powers were onl y too glad W compound with the mountaineers , — giying black-mail in ; exchange "for peace and security . ; The British army'was the first to reduce these uhtameable freebooters to obedience : —a result not achieved without terrible slaughter and devastation / When it was effected . at length , and peace established on , a solid footing , the ; conquerors began to bring them gradually'to a knowledge of civilised habits . Long custom thwarted these endeavours , —especially in regard to slavery , infanticide , and the sale of women . Col ; Hairs report shows that the two latter crimes had . a
common origin : — It is most satisfactory to be able to report tho complete an'd voluntary abolition of the two revolting customs—female infanticide and the sale of women . Bothcrimea were closely connected , having had their origin in-the heavy expense . attending marriage contracts . -The sums ' were payable by the male side , were unalterable , equal for the rich , and poor , without any abatement whatever in favour of the latter . "What first established the payment is unknown ; but it was so sacred , inviolable , and even a partial deviation so disgraceful . ; that the most , necessitous of the tribe would not incur the imputation . Hence arose as decided a right over the persons of women as ' overcattie ; or other property . They
were inherited and disposed of accordingly , to the extent even of sons ' selling their - own mothers . Hence , also , arose' infanticide . The sums payable were beyond the means of so many , that daughters necessarily remained onhahdafter maturity . entaued immoral disgrace , and thus imposed a necessity for all female progeny becoming victims to their faniily honour . On the establishment of British rule , both evils gradually > diminished . Females were not allowed to be transferred except for conjugal purposes ; their consent was to be obtained , and their choice consulted ; kind , humane treatment was enforced ; and the whole syVtem of considering them as mere cattle was discouraged , without any indication , however , of interference with the right of property so long existing .
While these and similar reforms were in progress , a new turn was given to the course of improvement , ¦ by ah incident of a most unpromising kind . A well-appointed party of plunderers entered the Mairwara , to carry off booty but their objects being suspected , the villagers attacked arid routed them — capturing a number of . prisoners , who were delivered ; over to-the British authorities . What became of them further , Col . Dixon shall tell us ;—• The prisoners were sentenced to four years' imprisonment , with labour , in the Mairwara gaol ; but before that period had expired , a plan offered itself for turning their services to useful account . Poverty
and ignorance bad actuated them to enrol . themselves under the banner of Ujub Singh . ' It was manifest that were they induced into habits of thrift , they might become useful subjects . The plan in contemplation possessed novelty , it is true ; but it merited a trial ; for should it prove successful ^ we might adopt it as a guide ' for future observance . After due consideration , it was arranged to form the robbers into a village community , to be located on au uncultivated spot withiu three miles of NyaNuggur . . The parties concerned acquiescing in the proposition , several hundred beegahs of land were apportioned off . for their use . Good security having been obtained , the prisoners were permitted to quit ;
the gaol every morning , one of the leg chains' being fixed , and the other held in hahd ,. for the purpose of digging wells at their new village ; they returned unattended every evening to sleep injthe-gaol . ^ On the expiration of their imprisonment , they were joined by' their families and relations , and com ? menced in earnest bnthecuitivation of the soil . In the course of a year after their release , the new village , exhibited signs of prosperity . It now contains twenty-seven families , and pays us a yearly revenue of 770 rupees . From the day of their location up to
the ' present time , no case of misconduct has been brought against them . ' ' The character of the people has been marked by order , propriety , and untiring diligence in their rural pursuits . The great facility with which a band of robbers belonging to a foreign state has been converted into a rural , revenue-paying peasantry , as exemplified in the pillagers of Gungporei" may not prove " uninatructive , or undeserving of notice and observance'by public authdrir ties who may possess the ability to repeat what has been so successfully carried on : at the village of Sheonathpoora .
The success of this experiment led to the idea of encouraging all the inhabitants of the hills to settle on the land , and become cultivators . . Lands were given to such as expressed « ry willingness to be taught the arts : of husbaridry , and to settle down to honest labour . The great obstacle to this design was , the peculiar character of Hindu , society— -the system of castes ^ -and the separation of trades and callings . It was some time before Col . Dixon prevailed with any : one to move out of the traditional grooves ; but the details by which the result "was brought aboutare full of curiousand ins ' trnct ive interest : —
The communities of the : Mair villages consist essential !/ of themselves , who are the . ' cultivatbrs , and the servants of the village , —v «; the smith , carpenter , ' porter , minstrel , barber , and .. bnlahee . The tillage of the soil does not devolve on these classes as their immediate calling ; for they are paid by the cultivators a certain quantity of grain each harvest , and for each plough , besides receiving stated perquisites on the occasion of a marriage or . the birth of a son .. The . business of the TJholee or minstrel , was exclusively restricted to his professional avocation , in attending at weddings , or in accompanying the chief of the village on all occasions of festival . The Bnlahee , answering to
the Chumar of the provinces , made and repaired shoes for the community , free of expense , from the hides of deceased cattle , " prepared by'himself : he repaired / well-buckets , and was the out-door servant-of-ail-work to the village . It was evident these classes enjoyed an unnecessary degree of leisure , and that , if we could succeed in applying their energies to husbandry , we should at once command a large increase , to our agricultural \ means ; . The Bnlahee being the lowest , caste man in the village , and the one least of all connected with the tillage of the land , was first taken in hand . He was promised waste land , bullocks to till it , and advances for sinkinz a well , constructing anaree . or buildmg
a stone dike , according to the land in his village . He was told that he was now the slave of thevillage community ; that , by himself becoming-a . cultivator , possessing cattle . and a well , his - respecta-: biuty , not only , iii his . own . village , but amongst"the whole " of his brethren in caste , would be increased _ ; that , by becoming a zumeendar , he would i from his advanced position in society and steps , have his brethrehsfling . him to take their daughters . in . marriage with his sons . - Jo . a word his pride was flattered . . It is unnecessary , to . add" that the force of persuasion "was effectual ... He took kindly to " the occupatibn ' of cuUivatori . and , through the' FbreS . of example . " every Bulanee has now become a
zumeendar . ? The Lobar , ; carpenter , and Koomhar . were craftsmen in their own line , their business demand :, ibg constant application .. People of this class . were readily ; open to reason , and , as ; they : found the Sirkat was liberal ' in making advances for agricultural works , and that , if tBeV did-not take their hare of the , waste land to : be . divided , amongst ihe ViilageJ no such . ^ vourable . opportunity . , might Igaiu offer , they cheerfully signified their acquiesence in the cultivating mania which was now beginning to pervade the tract . The mmstrelwa a more fifficult subject to handle . £ u « jtaj ^ » essentially that of a gentleman ^^ ft ^™ M J with him and his class was >> # ** 5 XS ! ' had never been blistered from friction withapionghrural em
baaaie , ' or by contact with any ^ P ]^ t . His energies were restricted to playing theifiddte beating the drum , singing the praises oi ^ his chief orclM , and telling stories . His treatment required adroit management . It is sufficient tosay his pride too was flattered , and that he was enrolled as ft convert to rural industry . Again ,. the force _ ot example was great ; and how scarcely a mmstrens to fee found who is not employed aa a cultivator .- _ Graduall y the whole population became at ^ taqhed , to industrial pursuits . Col . Dixon . built anew town : ' and ericonraged strangers of various castes ^ particularly that of Burieahfl ( shopkeepers or petty merchants ) to ' getlle in lV ^ capital , and a readier means of buying ^ nd eelling being two of the great wants of
Sietch Of Mairwara S Giving A Brief. Acc...
the ydung community . ' - & dozetf years ligb the district was wholly , dependent onsupplies brpnght in ( chiefly by plunder ) from a distance * The population has much increased , - ^ yet it now exports to .- , surrounding towns and villages considerable supplies of produce . A strong and . well planned town has been built , with two miles , of wall as . a , defence . , Trade is established - and many of the ) traders are getting ; rich . ; The manufactures of the town ., - «~^ .. ^^ . ^^ . ^ -... - ^ ..-...... .-.-: ^
are already various and considerable ; and the sounds of * honourable , industry are heard not only in the town but in the vicinity of villages , erected in' the midst of the jungle . ; Civilisation ;¦ has dawned : on the face of those long troubled hills in some of its most benignant forms ;; and , to adopt , the language ! of bur authority for these statements , the habit ' s- of the . Mairs have been , so completely ; changed , that , a woman can now walk unattended two
or three miles across the country without fear of being insulted ' or stolen ! . :.,, These ' are the trophies of peace and earnestness .- What has been'done by Coli Hall and by his cautious and energetic ; successor in the field , may surely , be done agaihand again elsewhere . . .. It is time to ; cease thinking that we are only encamped in Hindustani' The ; country is in our hands for good or for evih The soldier and the policeman express a very small
portion of the duties and responsibilities which have devolved on us . r—The judgment and : ingenuity displayed by Col . Dixon in carrying out ,-the Mairwara experiment , * are worthy of all honour . His deeds " . of . ' peace " will merit higher praises from the sensible portion of mankind than . _ the most brilliant feats of arms ; Nya If uggur' gives ; a higher patent of nobleness than any that can be won at Waterlops or Chillianwallahs .
Taifs Edinburgh Magazine, November.. Sim...
Taifs Edinburgh Magazine , November . . Simpkin and Marshall , London . The first article in the present number is a hostile commentary on Mr . Lang ' s " Notes , of a Traveller "; "in as far as that writer supports the continental system ^ ; of peasant proprietorship . All the , politico-ecoriomical arguments usually advanced by the advocates of large holdings , and territorial usurpation b y . a privileged class of landlords , are reproduced by the
writer , apparently with a perfect belief in'their validity , on his own part , however , they may fail in convincing , the reader who 'has , given any previous attention . to , the subject , - : - Mr . Kay , who has written an admirable book ? f On the Social Condition of the People in England and Europe . "—the result of careful and protracted personal experience—is also attacked for his admiration and eulogy of small landed proprietors . As . a specimen of his reasoning , we extract the criticism on this able and ' acute
observer of men and things : — : Of all modern writers on the subdivision of land , Mr . Hay is the most enamoured . of its advantages , and th ? most unconscious of its drawbacks and defects . ' . He seesonly its present consequences , and is' blind to its' ultimate operation . , He paints its beauties in glowing colours , and entirely ignores its dangers and deformities . We agree in almost all his representations of fact , but we are inclined to quarrel with bis omissions , and toquestion the justice and completeness of his inferences . He brings an overwhelming mass of testimony , . to prove the admirable effects which tne subdivision of land , and the facility withwhich small portions of it may be obtained , have produced in Prussia , Saxony , and in
many parts of Switzerland , in improving the cultivation of the soil , in raising the condition and style of living among the peasantry / and in promoting habits of forethought , economy , industry , and selfrestraint , throughout the population generally : The desire to rise into the position of proprietors stimulates the energy of the labourer , renders -him cautious , frugal , and sober , and makes him postpone marriage till he is in a condition , to maintain a famUy . In many of these countries , . we are told , " the imen never ' marry before the age of twentyfive , and thewomenseldom-till " -thirty . " . The average age of marriage in Prussia Mr . Kay states at thirty-nve . , The desire of , the > proprietor , again , to retain his position , and if possible to amend it , promotes the growth of similar virtues in him ; while the anxiety totransmit , his hardly earned estate
. undiminished to his children induces ' him to limit the number of them . By the joint operation of these motives the rate of increase of the population is greatly " reduced : a position which the author endeavours to strengthen by means of- several statistical tables , which , however , contradict one another , and-by no means always bear out'his" conclusions . Mr . Say also draws vivid contrasts between the pauperism . of England and the comparative freedom from this sore , of several of the continental countries , and : between the condition of the peasantry in' countries which are differently situated in respect to their social institutions—in Bohemia and Saxony , for example , in- the' Netherlands and in Ehenish Prussia , in the Catholic and Protestant cantons of Switzerland .
Now , if we were disposed to lose sight of the main question in a criticism of particular errors , we might , show . that religion , ' education , and race , bave at least'as much'to do with these contrasts as . the law of equal -inheritance . We might remind Mr ; £ ay . that the Saxons , and Bohemians are distinct people—distinct in blood , in language , in religion ; this former being a Teutonic , the latter a Sclavonic race ; the former ' , being Protestant , the latter Catholics . We mi ght remind him that the small farms of Rhenish Prussia are held by ' proprietors , and those- of-Flanders ( which are at least equally well cultivated , and by at least as prosperous and frugal a people ) by rent-paying ; tenants ; and ; that the Catholic and reformed cantons of Switzerland ,
so contrasted in the / condition ' of their peasants and the state of their agriculture ; acknowledge the ' same law of equal inheritance .: We might remind him that in no country of central Europe is the land more subdivided , or worse cultivated , than in . many parts of France , ortho Sardinian States . We might remind him that a ' vast improvement m the . education of Germany has been coincident with the improvement in the condition of her poor , and may have been as effective a cause of it as the acquisibilityofland .. But to dwell on these things would divert our . attention from the . heart and . marrow of thequestibn , andjwe therefore pass . them by . We will admit that in almost' every country , except France , in which small properties prevail , the land
is admirably cultivated—with extreme care | if with little economy ; and little -science ; we . will admit that since the promulgation of the new system in Prussia , by which feudalism was ^ broken up , and largo { estates hegan . 'to be Bupereeded by ehialler ones , the improvement in agriculture and in the condition of the peasant class has been marked , vastj and undeniable . We will concede , moreover , that much of this amelioration is the effect , and the natural and , necessary , effect , of . the , change , from prbletarianismtoproprietorship ; . and that , ceteris paribus , land will always yield more to the haiid of the owner than to hired labour . But all this improvement 18 but the : first effect of the transition from a system of slovenly to one , of careful culture
frbhi a ' systein which paralysed the . energies ; of the peasant to a system which stimulates them ; from a system nnder which neither owner nor labourer did their-duty to the land , under which it enjoyed the full benefits neither of science nor of industry , to a system under which all unite , to developeits . capabilities : it is , in . fact , the simple , result , of a transition from bad" farming to " good , and might easily have been foreseen . But the question for the phi losophic ' statesniari regards a future day " and a secondary consequence . WHea the old system shall bave been altogether . superseded by the new—wJien thewhole of the . aoU sh all be in the hands of peasant proprietbrsrT ^ henihdustry , science , and , the due subdivision of the , land shall have brought it . all
intb that ' state ' ; miiiute arid perfect cultivation which we observe in' many partsvof Lombardy , of Flanders , arid . of Switzerland , and which two . generations of peasant . proprietorship suffices to , effect-7 : what then ? ' , " So new estates ( ' can . be . created , for you have reached the limit , at which : sub-division is compatible with good agriculture' or with comfortable subsistence ; no more individuals can be sup * ported from the ' soil , for . its utmost yield , has been already extracted from it ; manufaoturing . establishments have been superseded by articles produced at home ; foreign ' commerce has ^ languished and ; died under the gradual extinction of exchangeable ar . ti ; cles , and available surplus for luxurious "
expenditure ; and the civil and military-services nave oeen reduced to a minimum , ; because only a ; small revenue can even be raised by direct taxation from a nation which consists only of one vast class of yeomen . Whence , then ; are the younger children , the increase of the population , to derive their subsistence ? . It is . abundantly obvious that , no , such increase is possible , no such younger children are permissible . . ., ' ' Thus we see . that the law of equal inheritance , the system of peasant proprietorship , which , is ' recommended by some 'superficial reasoners as eria ; bling population to augment without peril , and by Others ; deeper and mate olearrheaded , as limiting this ausmentation , does not solve the great problem of socml phaosophy :. viz ., hqw , to , recpncile . » n increasing ^ population w % an mcreasmgaggregate b ' rafe rage of comfort , y .., .
Taifs Edinburgh Magazine, November.. Sim...
^ Thesum-and-S ubrtance ^ airthiris su ^ ttat ^^ m or ders avoid § oSsible ; mwery } at f some future time , we ought to make ourselves mise * pble at present , by obstinatel y persisting ft a bad'system of land tenure . But is it quite certain that the -time and the -evils apprehended in the future eyer will come ? If the sky were to fall , it would' undoubtedly'iill all f ri ^ iH' ^ 5 o 2 t 0 * - ° W aSage . But is it likely tojall ? V'Sibnersaiid Sufferers" is a tale ' of the world ' s jiistice / andtob true , and too often r repeated in the : sad drama of life .-The other articles are ' of about average merit and interest . ° ..,.. » .-n-. „ .... ^^^^ T
Land, .Common Property (Orzour Inheritan...
Land , . Common Property ( orZour inheritance ) , Originall y - _ at- Present—Henceforward—, showing also how no Individual is a Landowner—how the Land may be Recovmd * ¦ and how all Taxation will be Abolished ; By .. . TERiiiGENorJ ' s . ' , 'London : James Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paterhbster-row . Thohest answer to the elaborate and specious fallacies of the Scotch reviewer in Tdit , and to the . whole tribe who uphold the monopoly of individuals pn the . soil , is to be found in this fearless and' vigorous little . tract . The whole argument is here compressed , into a hut shell , ) and the usurpation , of the land demonstrated , to be not only at the root of all other tyranny , hut that its reclamation by' the whole people is the only solid fouhaatioh for
political and social : freedom . That he does political ana social : freedom .., Tlmthe . does not mince matters , will bei seen from the conclusion' of the pamphlet : — : ' ; u ¦¦ Bow . wiMi vou Recover the Lano , and how Abomsh ah Taxation ? Rightfully you ' have the former mow , for though force ' and fraud may haye , and has , prevented you froin possessing Land' in a legal point of view , yet morally and Tegitimately the whole people now living no possess the Land , for their right to it is , and must he ; inalienable . It is riofcathing-thatyoucanlose , or have taken away frpm you . Beginning with your existence , it can only terminate with your death .: Hence ; all . Land held by . indtv » duaJs ; is clearly stolen property /—stoleh-out of the common fund , and which may , at any moment , in the name . of justice , be recovered by its owners . The people—the owners of the Land
—may demand it ; When they think proper , and take it into their own good possession , and depend upon it this will be-done somewhat unceremoniously some day , if the present robbery is perseveringly continued for too long a period . ¦ Therefore , brother owners , this being your clear position , take up the high ground , the only correct one Upon which you can stand , and look upon yourselves ( as you are ) as the owners . of the earth . : Great heaven!—talk about hiving the Land conetded to you as a favour —talk about never gelling it . ' All nonsense , I assure you .- ¦ I tell you that yOu have never lost the Land , nor your title to it , and that being the case , you must have both now . ! . There is no force in the legality of injustice , and though legalised , it can never overthrow inherent right . 1 proclaim to you , that now , the present moment , the . STATIONAL "
ISATIONOF . LAKD IS COMPLETE IN YOTJBr SELVES , and that its confirmation needs but your own determination . ' —the sovereign voice of the people ! What the sword of the few have mad £ —made with violence and robbery—the breath of the manypeaceably and with : justice- ^ may " undo ! The people cannot commit any robbery in taking possession of that which is legitimately ; their . own . Mark xasT . eannot steal . This , ' you must perceive , is not merely ; the way of recovering the Land ( though it shows you this , too ) , but that you have it . " " ¦ ' When this day shall come—it may be , near or it may be distant—that , you . shall' recognise the great fact of the nationalisation of land boing complete iii
yourselves , and make it manifest by' your actioneither by your < iinited voice io your parliament to legalise it , or by your parliament ' . ( when ' the Charter is obtained ) iegalising . it of its own accord , then by act of parliament ' declares , that at the death of the present holders ^ the various estates shall drop into ¦ the common fund . This would be a gradual resumption which no one could complain about , seeing that each one would retain the . Land he holds until his " death , At the most , only . ' the ' rising generation could say one wprd against it , ; but this is counterbalanced immediately , upon reflecting , that the' present holders of Land , from their very . position , could make any provision they thought fit for their
children , and that these children ' would be in a very much better position from Land being common property . Let it drop into the common fund at death quietly , and thus avoid compensation in money , which you must do if you take , it away from the present holders , and which would raise up a new set of money lords to live' upon ; the labour Of others through the interest their money would produce . . ' , But common property ! , ' IJear ' ine ' . ! there willbe nothing safe nor sscure ! Do not misunderstand the . termhpr me . Common !; .. y es ; , ; :. hut . not common for any individual to select the piece of land he likes best and to : settle , upon it , or , indeed j to have any distinctive piece as his own : but common
that every one shall be equally benefitted in . the adr vantagis accruing therefrom- ! . No security for the products ! . As / much as now ; . Do you understand what this commonality would consist in ? I will tell you ; The . Land Is' declared common as the people ' s ; very well , ttat is , not , ' only the people who now , live , but thbspVwho shall live ., It . , for ever , national property , !'; , To' divide the Land ( as I saw a calculation the other day ) , by the number of the inhabitants of a nation , so that each should have a piece , would only" diffuse the number of holdings , committingas gre ^ t ' . afrarid upon those of the future as we cbmplaui . ' ' out now . There is , then , but one simple way to act , and this it is .
After declaring . Land to be common , the government should be empowered to " hold it in trust for the people ; that all th ' e '/ Land should . ' be subject to a fair rental , ' proportioned to i its quality , arid the purpose for which it is to ; be used ; that every one should have equal facilities given them of renting it upon equally secure tenures j and that a high steward should be appointed , who should superintend the whole affair , receive the rents and pay them into . the National Exchequer . " Doyou see this ? Thus you would all own the soil jointly—so would ' . yowr children , and ; their children ; arid though as a lodger in a manufacturing town you cultivated riot an inch , . yet no one would be a greater lord over it 'than yourself , and though you would pay your fair jltaris of rent , on your tenement . ' yet you would feel its great and immeasurable advantage , for the aggregate rental of the Land would ABOLISH ALL TAXATION .
For that would be / sufficient / to . pay all governmental expenses for , army and navy , education , and every necessary national expense . . ¦ Do you understand this ? - Is it plain . and simple ? Do yoii see the immense advantages that will necessarily flow from Land being / common property ;? ' Dei you ; see that pand . monopoly . is one of the greatest : evils , ' ¦ . arid the , most complete barrier to social changes ? If so , attend to what is here written ; go about your ' work . — propagate these principles—arid pause not till you make converts , of mm . / . When tMs . is done , who shall say the Land is not yours , ; or prevent you—the , whole people—from possessing , ih very deed , their inhentanee ! . ' This is a much mor ^ ejsweepirig " Financial Reform" than any . dreaiht of by Mr . Oobden , or any of those who attach so much value to fiscal'measures ; - ¦ - ¦ - ¦ - ¦ - ¦
Thb - Witoow. Tai.«-Some Rumours Of An I...
Thb - Witoow . TAi . « -Some rumours of an intention on tbe part of ministers tp propose the repeal of the window tax during the next Session of Parliament have , from time . to time . appeared in the newspapers , and especially during the last ten days , We are inclined to believe ! however , that these rumours / though not entirely unfounded , are very erroneous . If we have been rightly informed—and , we have great ; confidence . hi , the . source from which our ; information , has been derived—there will be no proposal to . repeal , the j ^ ax . on . the part of government ; but some changes of an important character
will probably bo recommended . Oheof these is to render . permanent thep ' resent amount of tax oh all housesnowajsessed—permitting . the owners br ' oocupiers to , open as many new windows as they may choose to . have , without any ihorei ' se of charge : whilst another would apply to new ' efectioris , and probably tohousesnot howassessed ,-But which from enlargement or ' other' causes may become liable to assessment : hereafter .. J In these cases , we believe , it is . intended , tb , commune the window tax for , an ; inhni ; bited . Konseta ' x / at ' a ^ hite ' vrhich w . ould be Considered equivalent to the ' wiridbw tax on ' siniilar houses how assessed . - — Manchester Guardian . " ¦ -
Pawmbrokinq in Bakcbiona . — The city of Barcelona , in Spain . -posses ' . s-a peculiar pawhbroking establishment-r ^ he ' re loans aremado without inter rest . to , hecessiious , persons on the . deposit of any article . ; Twb-thirdsof the value of the deposit are at once advanced , " and' tlie loan is made for six months and a day ; but ; if at the expiration of that period the depositorishould declare himself unable to redeem it , another , period of six months is allowed . : At the ' end-of the second six morithsthe pledges are " sold ; but if they yield more than the
amount advanced , the difference is given to tho original owner ; ' The Marquis de LHo is president of this charitable establishment , and . he ; has just addressed a letter to ] thfl cl ^ rgy of the ^ fpcese praying them to mate its advanijages knb ' wD ' , Jt bears , the iiame ofihb . Pawhbroking Establishment , of Our Lady : of Hope . ' In the year 1849 , 5 , 686 persons availed themselves of itsi generosity : ' "• -- •'• : That peculiar , kind of charity . which excels m eat ? ing a dlnner ^ ahd giying , a subaqription , after it , has been ably chafaote ' riged by a ' wi ^ er at the . . London Tavern as ' " The knife-ahd-fork-out charity .
Vavuuw- :.,.
vavuuw- :.,.
Brba;D Is About Thirty Per Cent, Dearer ...
Brba ; d is about thirty per cent , dearer in . Loh'don than in ; Parigi ¦¦ ¦ : ' : ; - ?' ' . " Don ' t cali ,- me boy ¦ ' ! " said a youth , ' indignantly ; , ; "I ' ve ' snioked ' a'pipe ^ besejsix years ! . " - ' : ¦ To curb deafness ; tell a . ihanyou want to pay a debt you have long , owed him . '¦'" , " Which of the taxes is a perfect robbery?—The hoprduty ; - 'because if is a downright picking of pockets . —Punch . ;' . ' , •'¦>[ ., A natjiical friend says , that ballet-dancers wear their ^ dresses bit half most ; as a token of respect to departed modesty . ¦ :..,- ¦ :. ; Advice , ! 'sats . Coleridge , "is like snow—the softer it falls , the longer it dwells upon , and the deeper itsinks into the niind . " There is a lady at Clifton so handsome and so proud , that she says there is only thing in the world worth looking at , and that is—a mirror . .
. Two Courses . —A traveller was tempted to go into a cook shop by this inscription— " Roast and Boiled at Twopence perHead . "'/ . He was not a little disappointed by two ; courses of potatoes ! — A witness . in ; a court of justice , being asked what kind of ear-marks the hog in question had , replied that" he had no particular ear-marks , except a very short tail . " ; Sincerity is like travelling in a plain beaten road , which commonly brings a man sooner to his journey ' s . ' end than bye-ways , ' in which . men often loose themselves .
vWet' and . Dry . —A . traveller went ; into , an inn after a shower , and asked the landlord to show him to a gopdfire , , cfor , '' said he , "I ' m very wet s' ^ and then turning to the waiter , he said , " Bring me a tankard of ajeimmedia ' te / y , ' for I ' m plaguy dry . " . ' ,-That peculiar kind of Charity , which excels in eating a dinner and giving ; . a subscription / after it , has been ably characterised by a waiter at the London Tavern as " THE-KNirE-ANn-FoiiK-onT-CHAnitY . — Punch . | ~ ! . ' ¦ ¦¦ ' ¦¦ Reputation . —A reputation has been very amply compared to a sheet of ' white paper : if 'it be once blotted , it can hardly ever be made to look as white as-before . i Apologists of youth immoralities should think of this ' . A hot , who was sent to inquire how an old lady , named Wilkins , was in health , ' ' asked her servant , " Please inarm , missus wants ' to kriow . how ., old Sirs . Wilkins is to-day , ? " to which the latter replied , "She is just seventy-four to-day . "
That nobiuty ib the truest which a man derives , not from his pedigree , but from himself ; that excellency IS the greatest which ' is personal ; that glory is the most estimable which ' is fixed in ourintellectual and moral . attributes , not that which a man locks , up with his cash , or puts by with his ribbons . " Is there anything really , the matter with you ?" said a physician to a person who had sent for him . "I don ' t know how it is , " was the reply ; " Ieat well ; sleep well , and have a good appetite . "— " Very well , " said the doctor , "I'll give you something to take away all that . " ' -
A Lucky Firm . —We are : assured . upon good authority , that in the articles of rice : and tobacco alone , a mercantile firm in Liverpool—will this year realise £ 30 . 000 , supposed to' be the largest sum ever made by any mercantile ' house in Europe , in one year . —HyirpboV Mercury . ' . "' ,. * l lady ' was travelling in a stage coach with a troublesome , dog . A gentleman complained of the annoyance . " " Dear me , sir !" , exclaimed the'lady ^ "I wonder you complain of ; my dog—everybody admires it—it-is real Peruvian . "—" I don ' t complain of your Peruvian dog , " said ; the gentleman ; " but I . . wish he would give us less of his Peruvian bark . "
The National Statute or Bavaria . —This statute , which has just been placed . on its ' sitej'is fifty-four feet highland the pedestral thirty ; the face is equal to the heigth of a . man , the body twelve feet in diameter , the arm five , the index finger si * inches , and two hands cannot cover the nail of the great toe . It is cast in bronze , and weighs 125 tons . . 'Baptismal Superstition . —In , the north of England , when several . children are brought to . ^ be baptised at the same time , great anxiety is shown by the people lest the girls should take the precedence of thei boys , in which case it is believed the latter ^ when arrived at man's estate , would be beardless . — Notes and Queries .
Irreparable . —A clergyman , who was consoling a young widow for the loss of her husband , spoke in a very : serious tone—remarking that he was one of a few—such a jewel of a ^ Christian I The lady shed tears and would not be comforted . "'Such a man ^" continued her " comforter ,, ' , ' as , you . will never see again . ;; You ' cannot find his " equal—you know that full well . ' - ' To which the sobbing fair one replied , with an almost broken heart , "Ah , I'll bet I do !" It was" a saying of Paley , that he whb'is hot fool half the time is a fool all the time , Robert Hall , who held a similar , opinion , on being reproached . by
a very dull preacher , with the exclamation " How can a man , who preaches likeyou , talk in so trifling a manner ? " replied , f' There , brothjer , is -the' difference between us ; you talk your nonsense in the pulpit , I talk out'bf it ! " " c J - " Dancing , !' says Mr . Sheldrake , " is . oneof the most healthy as well as one of the most pleasing amusements that can be practised by the young . II it is learned from those who are well . qualified to teach-it , and'practised , as it ' ought to be , consistently with the instructions given ; it will contribute more to improve the health , as well as the form of the human frame , than any other exercise " . —Lancet .- ' ^ '
An-Old Hen ^ Ihattemptingto . carveafowldhe day , anAnierican settler found considerable difficulty in separating its joints , and exclaimed against the man who had . sold him an old hen for a young chicken . "My dear , " said the enraged man ' s wife , '• ¦ ' don't talk so much about the aged arid respectable Mr . B . ; he sowed the first patch of corn that was planted in Our town . "— "I know . that , " said the husband , " and I believe this hen scratched it up . " Spanish Beggars . —The queerest objeetin nature is a Spanish beggar , for : theso beggars beg on horseback ; and it is an odd thing to see a man riding up to a poor foot passenger asking alms . A gentleman in Valparaiso , being accosted by one of these mounted beggars , replied , " Why , sir , you come to beg of me
who have to go on foot , while you ride on horseback ?" " Very true , sir , " , said the beggar , ^ . ahd ' I have the more need to beg , as I have to support my horse as wellasmyself . " ¦ ; Every Man his own Judge . —I have my own laws and judicature to judge ofmyself , and apply myself more to these than to any other rules ., I do , indeed , restrain my actions according to others , but judge them not by any other rule but by my own . You yourself onl y know if you are cowardly and cruel , or loyal arid devout . Others , see you not , and only guess at you by uncertain conjectures . They dp not so much see your nature as your art ; rely not , therefore , upon their opinions , but stick to your own . — Montaigne . The Cities of London and Paris Compared .
¦ r-The total surface of London is 210 , 000 * 000 of square metres ; its population , ' 1 , 924 , 000 ; number of houses , 260 , 000 ; extent of . the streets . 1 , 126 , 000 , metres ; extent' of the streets , not including the foot pavement , 6 , 000 , 000 metres ; extent of the sewers , 639 000 metres . The total surface , of Paris is 34 , 379 , 016 square " metres ; population , ' 1 , 053 , 879 ; number of houses , 20 , 526 ; extent of the streets , 425 , 000 metres ; surface of the streets , exclusive of the foot pavement , 3 , 600 , 000 square metres ; length of the sewers , 135 , 000 metres ; surface of „ the foot pavement , 888 , 000 metres . . Thus , in London , every . inhabitant corresponds to a surface of 100 metres ; at Paris ,, to 34 metres . - In London , the average of inhabitants for each house is 7 i ; at Paris , 34 .
Railways . —We have now about 5 , 000 miles of railway worked'by nearly 2 , 000 locomotives , which ; in the course of a single year , collectively travel over more than 32 , 000 , 000 of miles—the whole distance from Earth to Sun in threeyears , or as much as three and a half times round the world per day ; and carrying , in the course of a single year , not fewer . than 60 , 000 , 000 passengers , and 20 , 000 , 000 tons of goods . The rails upon these lines—which exceed 24 ; 000 miles in length , and would therefore gird the world round with an iron band , weighing about 70 lbs . per yard—have been raised , from the mine ,, . smelted , forged , and laid in the course of the last fifteen years ; whilst in the construction of the . ways . 250 , 000 , 000 cubic yards , or not less than 350 , 000 , 000 tons of earth and rock have , in tunnel , embankment , and cutting , been moved to greater or less distances ..
-iQuEEN Marys Thqbn . — The ill-fated and beauti : ful Queen of , Scots was , on one or two occasions , when visiting the . nobility , requested to plant a tree , as if emblematical of prosperity , which she never knew , or in order that its owners might tend arid preserve it for the sake of their illustrious guest . This practice is of early origin , arid does , not appear , likely soon to fall into , disrepute among the admirers of the good arid great . The tree which Queen Mary planted , on brie occasion ,-was a weeping variety of ' thorn , and which is still to be seen in the garden behind Moray House ; near the bottom of the street called Canongate , and within a short distance of Holy rood Palace , Edinburgh . It is very ornamental in its general form , and an object of deep interest and curiosity , A hkndsbme . young tree of the same variety is growing in the garden of the Royal Botanic Society , Regent ' s Park .-P . F . K .
¦ ^^ Something , tha t -tol pis Somewhbre . —A churchwarden , in allusion to those who go to church to stare about , and then complain that others stare at them , lately said ; "When I was a boy ,, we had a schoolmaster who 'had odd ways of . catching idle boys ' . Says he , one day ,: 'Boys ; I must have closer attention to books ; ' the first one of you that sees another boy idle ; I want you to inform me , and I will attend to : the fiaae . ' . Ah , thought I , to myself , thereisJoe , Simmons , that I don ' t like !; j I'll watch him , and if I see him look off his book I'll tell on him . " It was not long before I saw Joe look off his : book , and immediately ! I informed the master . ' Indeed . ' said lie ; - ' . how . do youknowJie was idle ? ' ;« I saw him ; ' was the reply . ' You did t arid were your eyes on your book . when , you saw-hjm ?» , , l wa 8 caught ; buff ^ didn t watch for boystfgain . " ,
Cures For The Uncured1 Tj O L L Owat's Ointment •»-¦*. , An Extraordinary Curiof Scrofula, Or King't .
CURES FOR THE UNCURED 1 TJ O L L OWAT'S OINTMENT •» - ¦* . , An Extraordinary Curiof Scrofula , or King ' t .
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. ; . .- 'Evil . ' ' - Bx ^ ? i i alet ^^ J om ^• 'J 'H •' Amday , 209 High-atreet , Cheltenham , dated January 22 nd , 1850 SlB " 75 -S ">> hen' about three years of ago , was afflicted with a glandular swelling in the neck , which after a short time broke out into an ulcer . An emineat medical man pronounced it as a very bad case of scrofiual and prescribed for a considsrable time without effect ; . The disease then for years went on . gradually increasing in virulence , when besides the ulcer in the neck , another formed below tho left knee , and a third undeiHhe eye , besides seven' Other * on the left arm , with a tumour between the eyes which was expected to break . During the whole of the time my suffering boy had received the constant advice of the most celebrated medical gentlemen at Cheltenham , besides being for several months at ; the General Hospital
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Thirty-Fifth Edition , , Containing the Remedy for the Prevention of Diteast . HlustratedwitW Twenty-Six Anatimical Coloured ; Engravings on Steel . ,. ON- PHYSICAL DISQUALIFICATIONS , GENERATIVE . INCAPACITY , AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MARRIAGE . A' new and-improved Edition , enlarged to 196 pages , price 2 s ; 6 d ; by post , direct from the Establishment , 3 s . ( 3 d . . in postage stamps . THE' SI L EN T FRIEND ; a Medical Work « h the Exhaustien and Physieal De * a / j of the . System , produced by Excessive Indnlgemce , the ctmseqiiencee of Infection ,, or the abuse « f Mercury ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 9, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_09111850/page/3/
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