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January 10, 1852. THE NORTHERN STAR 7
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FRANCE. ABOLITION OF LIBERTE, EGALITE, F...
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Cardinal Patrizi has issufed a notificat...
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. DEATH OF BARON KEMEJSY, TBE HUGARIAN. ...
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FATAL AFFRAY WTII THE NEGROES AT LAGOS. ...
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Thr Present to Loan Granville.—A letter,...
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-'^--^m-Wfy-tyxm;--:— - ' •
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THE ENGINEERS'AND'I HEIR JBMPLOYERS. (Fr...
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THE MASTER ENGINEERS AND THEIR WORKMEN. ...
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DESTRUCTION OF THE STEAM SHIP AMAZON BY ...
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The Charge or Cahd-ciikati.no at Bnienio...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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January 10, 1852. The Northern Star 7
January 10 , 1852 . THE NORTHERN STAR 7
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France. Abolition Of Liberte, Egalite, F...
FRANCE . ABOLITION OF LIBERTE , EGALITE , FRATERNITE . The 'Moniteur' contains tbe following letter from the Minister of the Interior to the Prefect of ; the Seine : — « Paris , Jan . 6 . —Monsieur le Prefet , —The emblems most worthy of respect lose this character when they only recal evil days , thus these three words , "Liberty , Equality , Fraternity , " form by themselves a touching device ; but , as they haye been only seen to appear at epochs of troubles and civil war their coarse inscription npon our public buildings saddens and alarms tbe passers-by . I therefore beg
you to efface them . . It would be at the same time proper to restore to the monument ? , places , street ? , & c , their popular games , which have been preserved by familiar usage through all changes of regime . No historical remembrance , glorious for France , ought to be excluded . The Palais-Natiooal is to be called anew the Palais-Royal ; the Academie-Nationale deMasique the Grand Opera ; tbe Theatre de la Nation Theatre Francais ; the Rue de la Concorde Rue Royal , & c I beg you to make to me , in the same spirit , a report upon the analogous changes which you will think proper to propose to me . —A . de Morn ? . '
It is needless to add that the changes prescribed in the foregoing letter will be effected throughout France in all ihose departments where the senerals and prefects have not already taken the initiative . On Tuesday night the President went to the opera 'in state . ' The front of the house in the Rue Lepelletier was fcrilU & uttj illuminated as on the night of a masquerade . The house of the tailor of the President , at the corner of the street , was illuminated , and a transparency showing the figures 7 , 473 , 431 , surmounted by the letter N , was arranged over the door . There were no other illuminations .
The Roe Lepelletier and a great part of the Boulevards were occupied during the evening by strong bodies of gendarmerie , cavalry , and infantry . The President took his seat in the centre compartment of tbe slate box prepared for the occasion . The two compartments on either side were filled with general officers , and officers of the President ' s household . The delegates from the departments occupied the pit stalls . The corps diplomatique in court dresses sat in the large boxes on the right and left of the stage . Tbe genera ! officers of the garrison of Paris were in the second tier of ooxes . The balcony stalls were chiefly filled with mayors find their ladies . The Princess Afa'hilde sat in the box
usually occupied by the President . There were not many ladies present , hut among the few were the Princess Callemaki and Countess Molke . The pit was entirely filled with officers , non-commissioned officers , and private soldiers . Besides the gilt bronze eagle over the President ' s canopy , there was an immense eagle painted on the proscenium , dying in a blue sky , its eyes turned towards the sun . The drop scene between the acts ( painted expressly for the occasion ) represented an allegorical figure of France , with the
motto , ' Voxpopuli , vox Dei : "When the Emperor went to ' the opera it was customary to play on his entiarce'La Victoire est a nous , ' and the march of 'TheCaravanede Caire . ' These airs were played on the present occasion . The opera was the « ? rophete , ' and the ballet 'Vert-Vert . ' The President stayed till nearly the end of the ballet . On leaving the house a crowd assembled in front shouted loudly 'Vive Napoleon / but his carriage alter wards proceeded along the Rue Lepelletier , and along tbe Boulevards amidst a dead silence .
The Tuileries will henceforth be the official residence of Louis Napoleon . The ceremonies took place ia tbe order we announced them last week . On the grand day , when the installation at Notre Dime took place , the fog was so dense as to render the most finely dressed and the most shabby objects equally colourless at fifty paces off , and at a hundred equally invisible- The ceremonies was as much military a ? religious . Lonis Napoleon was dressed as a general efficer of the line , and surrounded with military . The official reception at the Tuileries commenced at half-past two o ' clock of the different public bodies , of officers of the army , National Guards , and delegates of departments . There were no addresses , or speeches , and the ceremony of
presentation was over at half-past fire o ' clock . The public buildings and theatres were illuminated , but the fog threw a compassionate veil over tbe scanty show . A certain set of streets were monopolized for the passage of the carriages of people furnished with tickets to be present at the ceremony ; so that sergcns de tille and municipal guards were engaged in a perpetual strife with erratic carts ,. whose drivers -were often only reduced to order at the sword ' s point . The bitterest ill-humour was visible among the officers of the army and the police among the whole line , and the smallest contravention of their words of command
oa the part of common wayfarers , male or female , was the signal for explosions of the coarsest and most ridiculous menaces . The great bell of Notre Dame , the « Biiardon , ' immortali & ed by the poet who is now in exile at Brussels , began to toll as the President alighted and entered under the crimson pavilion , which was extended beneath the central statue-studded archway . Acclamations there were none . He was received with no demonstrations of any kind ; nor was there the least show of enthusiasm even in the pratorians who surrounded him . The ministers , the marshals of France , the admirals , the officers of the President ' s household , and a large staff accompanied Mm .
When the ceremony was over , there was a little less cold * aess among the spectators inside the church ; and the cheers of ' Vive Napoleon I' were pretty general . But outs'de all was apathy ; not a voice was raised to cry , * God bless him J " He went back by the qnays , attended as he came , bnt instead of continuing his journey to the Elysee , his carriage turned in under the archway of the Louvre , into the Place da Carrousel , and hence gained the Tuileries . The people gazed vacantly through the grate of the Carrousel , and some said , 'By est , ' and others responded , with a laugh , - * Hy restera . ' Lusty-lunged fellows were bawling medals ¦ o f tbe new potentate for sale at two sous . On one side is the head of Louis Napoleon , with the inscription—Born at Paris , 1808 . On the other side ia the number of the votes by which he has been raised to be the arbiter of the destinies of France .
The address of the Consultative Commission is a fulsome ffattery of Bonaparte , and , of course , quite the reverse of those who do not support him . It says , in one part : —« It is no longer odious theories only which you have to pursue and to suppress , for they have been changed into facts and horrible crimes . May France be at length delivered from those men who are always ready for murder and pillage—of those men who in this nineteenth century are the horror of civilisation , and who , by awakening the most distressing reminiscences , seem to cany us five centuries backwards . ' The Archbishop of Paris addressed him thus : — '
Monsieur le President , —We come to present your our felicitations and good wishes . What we are going to do to-morrow we will do every day of the year about to commence . We will pray to God with fervour for the success of the high mission confided to yon ; for the peace and prosperity of the republic ; for the union and concord of all citizens . But , in order that they may be all good citizens , we will pray God to make them good Christians . ' Boiiaparie thanked the archbishop for having recommended to the Divine protection acts which bed been inspired by the sentiment which dictated these words— ' Let the good take heart , and let tbe wicked tre mble *
The following proclamation has appeared : — ' The President of the Republic , npon the report of the Consultative Commission , proclaims tbe results of the votes given by the French citizens for the adoption or rejection of the following plebiscite—« 'The French people desires the maintenance ol the authority of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and delegates 4 o him the powers necessary for establishing a constitution upon the bases proposed in bis proclamation of December 2 nd , 1851 . " The number of persons voting has been 8 , 116 , 773 ; 7 . 439 , 216 have voted " Yes , " 610 . 737 have Toted " No , " 36 , 820 bulletins have been annulled as irregular . Tbe present decree will be published and posted in all tbe communes of ( he Republic '
A decree announces that the gold , silver , and copper < oin shall bear in front the effigy of the President , with ibe words ' Louis Kapoleon Bonaparte . ' On the reverse are to be engraved the words ' EepuWieve Francaise , ' « nd round the edge 'Dieu protege la France . ' Another decree declares that—1 , that the French Eagle shall be ^ -established on the colours of the army ; and 2 , that it is to be established on the cross of the Legion of Honour . In future every public functionary is to take the oath of allegiance to Lonis Napoleon ' s person . It is said for the present the idea of assuming the title of Emperor has been dropped . It is a fee * , nevertheless , that on Thursday night it was determined to push on for the empire without -drawing breath . More moderate counsels have , however ,
prevailed since ; and Louis Napoleon will conte himself for the present with the title of President of the Republic Others say that he will assume that of Prince Regent of the Republic . One of the difficulties which stand in the way of the President ' s proclamation of his title as Emperor is obvious . Is he to call himself Napoleon II . or Napoleon IH- ? If he assume the former title , he ignores the imperial right of the late Duke de Reichstadt , and hence his own hereditary claim . If he assume the latter , he flies in the face of the European cabinets , by ignoring the governments which were established in France under their auspices and by their treaties . This embarrassing question is said to have reconciled Louis Napoleon to the maintenance of his present title . His civil list is to amount to twelve millions
of francs . The very Moniteur' that reports the fulsome speech of M . Baroche at tbe Elysee contains a decrree setting forth rbat the offence of speaking against the government multiplies exceedingly , and ordaining that for the more speed y and efifectnafrepression of such offences , they are in future to ba tried by the police instead of by a jury . The decree has a retrospective operation , and hundreds of men now lying in gaol for do other crime than the utterance , in
France. Abolition Of Liberte, Egalite, F...
tlie hearlnpf-atspyr-of-a fewtwntfs of honest imligna tiony in which the whole civilised world Would sympathise , are to be deprived of trial by jury , and to be hurried before a merciless tribunal that will simply register , in the forms of justice , the commands of the dictator . TheElyseejitrissaid , ia to be restored to the family of Murat , in the person of Prince Lucien , Murat , son of Joachim , the former King of Naples . A letter from Vienna ; of the 27 th nit ., says the Presse , ' states that Louis Napoleon , in a letter addressed to the Emperor of Austria , requests him to consent to have the mortal remains of the Duke ' "de Reichstadt , now lying at Vienna , near those of his mother , Maria Louisa , in the vaults of t he Capucins , transported lo Paris .
The' Patrie ' states the cost of the ceremony at Notre Dame at 190 , 000 francs ; and in comparing this expenditure , which is termed modest , with the cost of the funeral ceremonies which were celebrated at the same cathedral on the death of the Duke of Orleans , congratulates the taxpayers on the great consideration which is shown for their pockets by the government of Louis Napoleon . The mayor and municipal council of Mious , near Lyons , hare presented an address to Louis : Napoleon with this incongruous heading , ' To his Majesty , Monseigneur , the President of the French Republic ' The municipal council of Le Pays , capital of the Raute-Loire , having refused to appoint a delegate to the ceremony of Louis Napoleon ' s installation , on New Year ' a-day , has been dissolved . M . St . Ferriol , one of the six Moritagnard representatives of the department , has been arrested .
. M . Troplong , first President of the Court of Appeal , has declared to his brother judges that the presidency of the senate had been offered to him , but that he had declined the office , saying that he wished to remain a lawyer , arid to stand aloof from political life . M . Baroche was greatly chagrined that this distinguished post , which he had marked out for himself , should have been offered beforehand to M . Troplong . Bnt the vice-president of the Consultative Commission is not expected to entertain any scruples on this account should the presidency . of the senate be offered to him , as is highly probable . '
Tbe proscription of the press in France has given an extraordinary impulse to publication in Belgium , where it is proposed to print a great number of pamphlets , which could not possibly , under present circumstances , issue from the press at Paris . The speculators who have set this enterprise on foot undertake to smuggle Ibe pamphlets and journals so published into France with as much certainly as Geneva watches are brought clandestinely over the Swiss frontier . In the 23 rd regiment of the line , garrisoned at Melz , two sergeants have been arrested , aud conducted to the fort of Bitche . Two others have been arrested and imprisoned at Metz . Two more have fled ; and two are broken . Similar facts are said to have occurred in other corps garrisoned in the same town . All these arrests have arisen from the discontent expressed at the way in which the soldiers were obliged to vote . .
We announced some time ago that a marriage was on the tapis between the President and a Princess of Sweden . This has been confirmed in the German papers . The princess in question , a descendant of Gustavus Wasa , King of Sweden , now resides in Austria . She is about the President ' s age , and passes for possessing a dowry of 100 millions . We are now able to throw some additional light on tbe results of M . de Persigny ' s visit to Brussels . The Belgian government has consented to the extradition of the Socialist representatives , but not to that of any others who have taken refuge on the Belgian territory . The demolition of the fortress will not be granted , it is said .
In the colony of Algeria an ' atnari aliquid' dashes the exulting joy with which Bonapartism has hitherto contemplated tbe election of December 20 and 21 . The truth bai been kept back as long as possible , and the whole truth has not yet come out , but enough is known and admitted to have drawn forth from the ' Moniteur Algerien ' an official lament that the electors of Algiers should have shown such ingratitude' towards Louis Napoleon Bonaparte , and such ignorance of their true interests as to have , separated themselves from the other citizens of the French republic . So far from exhibiting that wonderful enthusiasm in rushing to the poll , which according to tbe returns was universal in France , the large majority of the Algerian colonials abstained from voting , bufc between those who voted tbe race in every commune was a close one , and in very many places , including the tovin of Algiers , the ' noes' had it . The returns from Constantine have not yet arrived , but the report
is that two-thirds of that province , inclusive even of the army there , have voted in the negative . This result cannot be accounted for upon any sound Bonapartist principle . It cannot be said that the Algerines are indifferent to politics , for in 1848 an immense proportion of the registered electors took part in the election . It cannot be argued that tbe traditions of French glory in Algiers being of later date than the Napoleonic era , they are incapable ot appreciating the virtue of Louis Napoleon ' s name , for on that occasion out of 68 , 000 fotes , 38 , 000 were giver , to Louis Napoleon , 20 , 000 to Cavaienac , and but 7 , 000 or 8 , 000 were divided between Ledru Rollin and Raspail . These figures prove also that Algeria was not then much imbued with anarchical doctrines . It is , moreover , notorious that they have made no progress there since . How can it have come to pass , therefore , that in 1851 50 , 000 electors should have disdained to exercise their privilege ?
Moveable columns of military still scour the Herault m every direction , bringing in prisoners . 500 have taken refuge in the mountains , where , having neither food nor shelter , their suffering is extreme . A decree appears for opening to the Ministry of the Interior a credit of 4 , 832 , 987 fr . on the budgets of 1852 , 1853 , and 1854 , for the completion without delay of several lines of electric telegraph . The most important are as follows : — 1 . Paris to Marseilles ; the telegraph now stops at Chalons . 2 . Paris to Bordeaux , and thence by Toulouse to Ceiie . 3 . Paris to Strasbourg .
The truth of what may have taken place at the banquet in the Tuileries on Tuesday is involved in mystery . The * Moniteur , ' which chronicled tbe most trifling details of the' dinner of the Prefect of the Seine at the Hotel de Ville , is silent npon the subject . None of the newspapers are more communicative . It is stated by a person usually well-informed that the President was not there , and that all sorts of conjecture were afloat as to the cause of his absence . The lithographed correspondence of Havas , however , just out , gives a circumstantial though not a long account of the banquet , from wbicn it would appear that the President did dine with his guests at the Tuileries . According to this version covers for from 380 to 400 persons were laid in the Salle des Marecbaux . On his arrival he is said to have been received with enthusiasm . On the right
of the President sat the mayors of Marseilles and Toulouse , and the Prefect of the Seine ; and on his left the mayors of Lyons aud Bordeaux , awl the Prefect of Police . The Mayor of Epinal gave utterance to the joy which swelled every heart . The President returned thanks in very few words . He said that his government would direct its efforts to deserve the devoted concurrence of honest men . and would continue to be strong because it would be based npon justice , and the serious interests of tbe entire nstion . After the dinner , 800 or 900 delegates were admitted to pay their respects to tbe President . Tbe soiree was prolonged to a late hour . This is a serai-ofrbial account , and , therefore , to be doubted . It is s ' aied on good authority that it is most likely that the above is a description of what was intended to take place , but not a description of what did .
It is stated that M . Thiers is going to start a paper at Brussels , where he has taken up his quarters , evidently with the conviction that the Belgian capital is now the last hold of parliamentary institutions on ibe continent , and that the hopes of a return to constitutional monarchy in France are knit up with the maintenance of the independence and freedom of Belgium . The French government has conceived fresh umbrage apvnst the cabinet of Leopold , from this new scheme of M . Thiers , which is put forward under its protection ; and has sent the strictest orders to the prefects of the frontier to exclude the new journal , which will be a soi t of resuscitation of the ' Ordre . '
GERMANY . ABOLITION OF THE AUSTRIAN CONSTITUTION . The Germanic Diet , in its sitting of the 31 st ult ., decided on the suppression and rale of the federal fleet . On this occasion Austria proposed to form the German navy in three divisions , to be commanded respectively by Austrians , Prussians , and Germans of other states . Prussia opposed this arrangement when the above final resolution was adopted . Prussia has declared her readiness to undertake the support of the fleet for one month .
AUSTRIA . — -Several Imperial decrees have been published abolishing the constitution of tbe 4 th of March , 1849 , and abrogating privileges then announced . Tbe foundations of the future organisation of the State are defined . The constitution is to be altered in a conservative sense , and with due consideration for all preponderating interests . A civil and penal code will be gradually introduced into the Crown lands . The district functionaries and governments will appoint committees of conservation , selected from members of the landed proprietary and the commercial classes .
ITALY . ROMS . —A very unfounded feeling of uneasiness prevails , and the night patrols" have of late been stronger than usual in Rome . Five persons were arrested in . the cafe opposite the Valle theatre , two or three nights ago , on suspicion of being connected with the , as yet , unravelJed mystery of tbe secret press . It is customary with the police authorities to overhaul the pockets and persons of whatever actors may resort to the capital a ibe eoarmencement of the Carniral theatrical season , in order , to make sure that they are nut Mszzinian emissaries under the disguise of the Thespian sock and buskin ; and , as the actors of the Valle theatre usually congregate every evening iu
France. Abolition Of Liberte, Egalite, F...
IheeefetyposU ' eTthmin ^ iof nabbing them there altogether ^ itjwere iff a trap . This was effected the other evening—the police agents entered , the doors . were shut , and no one . was , allowed to ^ goout . before having been subjected to the required personal examination . The actors ¦ were not found ; to have anything criminal in their possession , but under the table of another party , who were playing at dominoes , a packet of forty clandestine publications was discovered , to the great
consternation of the party , who declared they knew nothing about it . Whether the papers were dropped by a young man who a moment before approached the table to bespeak the dominoes , or whether they were placed there by the sbirri themselves , in order to have a pretext for arresting some obnoxious individuals , is uncertain . They marched off the unfortunate prisoners , who will be long ere they have any other lodging than the ; dismal political dungeon to which they were immediately consigned .
UNITED STATES . By the Niagara we have advices to the 24 th ult . They state that the intelligence of tbe French revolution had caused much excitement at Nea-York , and it was expected would add materially to Kossuth ' s popularity and prospects . Kossuth was to leave New York for Philadelphia and Washington on the 24 th . The American President , in his message to the legislature in answer to their resolution on the Prometheus affair , denies to Great Britain any authority in -San Juan . There was little doing in Congress . A bill for establishing a Mint in California had passed . The following important telegraphic communication from Washington , has been received tiia Halifax : — ' Washington , Dec . 24 , 9 a . m .
' The capitol is in flames . The fire was discovered about daylight this morning . Already the valuable library of Congress is destroyed .. . Weather cold and frosty , water scarce , and impossible to use engines . It-was hoped to confine the fire to the library , bnt buckets only could be used . The speakers and members of Congress joined in the efforts to subdue , the ravages of the flames . ' Above 25 , 000 dollars have been subscribed for Kossuth in New York , besides a lame amount deposited in banks to his credit . ' A deputation of the bookbinders in the employmsnt of ihe New York Bible Society presented Kossuth with a beautiful morocco-gilt Bible , a quarto edition , as a testimonial of the regard in which they hold bis cbaract-r as the champion of civil and religious liberty , and adding that tbey intended , in . a few days , to give him something more substantial .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . By the Harbinger we have advices to the 2 nd December from the Cape of Good Hope . We learn that the state of affairs in Kaffirland had in no way improved at the departure of the Harbinger . The Kaffirs continued thei ; depredations in the lifting of the cattle and burning houses , and occasionally killing the colonists , and in this they were generall y assisted , by the rebel Hottentots . As yet no check had been given to them by Sir Harry Smith .. More troops were required , la one engagement , Lieut . Colonel Fordyce and Lieut . Carey were killed ; Lieut . Colonel Gordon was severely wounded , and Captain Devenish mortally wounded . The public feeling at the Cape was still greatly excited . Tbey think there should be a local militia , and that cou ? d not be effected without a lacal government , which the colonists should themselves elect .
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Cardinal Patrizi Has Issufed A Notificat...
Cardinal Patrizi has issufed a notification informing the public that the Pope has . condescended to grant the permission of using ^ t in culinary operations on fast-days during the ensuing year . The time of Lent is exempted from this provision . A letter has been published horn tbe Spanish Minister to Mr . Webster , communicating tbe pardon of James M . Wil .
son , one of the Lopez expeditionists , in consequence of a most affecting appeal from his mother to the president , which was sent to the Queen of Spain , and who in consequence liberated him , and has sent bim home with funds from her private purse . The letter from the Minister says that all other considerations have been set aside , but that of restoring happiness to the unfortunate mother , and restoring her erring and misguided son , whose despair is described in such simple and touching terms that they have hot failed to affect the benevolent heart of her Majesty .
. Death Of Baron Kemejsy, Tbe Hugarian. ...
. DEATH OF BARON KEMEJSY , TBE HUGARIAN . The following letter , addressed to tho editor of the "Daily Sews , " appeared in that journal on Tuesday .: — " Sin , —It is with regret 1 inform you that Baron Kemeny , aged sixty-three years , who was appointed , by Kossuth as Chief to the Hungarian Commite ^ in this country , died suddenly this morning , at eleven o ' clock , at his residence in Foley-place , while the secretary to the above commitee ( S . Wekey ) was reading to him the letter of Mr . Toulmin Smith , in the 'Daily News' of this day , concerning the Hungarian refugees . The lamented baron displayed great courage in the late . Hungarian struggle , and distinguished himself by the deciding battle of Pisky , under General Bern , being also chief commander of a corps ia Transylvania . We should feel greatly obliged by your in . sertiug a paragraph of the above melancholy occurrence iu your paper . " I am , sir , your most obedient servant , " Siqismund TnAiiY , Colonel de Genie . " 19 , Charles-street , Middlesex Hospital , Jan . 5 . "
Another correspondent says : — " The gallant colonel was sixty-three years of age , and was one of the most celebrated officers during tho liungarian war of independence . He defended tluj Bridge oi Piske , in Transylvania , with 2 , 000 men and seven guns against 14 , 000 Austrians . and thirty guns , whom he defeated with groat slaughter . By his death the Hungarian cause loses not only a good soldier , but a real patriot , and a kind friend to his brother refugees , he having spent his last shilling the day before his death in relieving his distressed fellow-countrymen , many of whom are in a most deplorable stato of poverty . "
Fatal Affray Wtii The Negroes At Lagos. ...
FATAL AFFRAY WTII THE NEGROES AT LAGOS . At the moment that the Screw Company ' s Cape Mail packet Harbinger was leaving Sierra Leone for England , on the 17 th December , her Majesty ' s screw-ship , Niger , fourteen , Commander Heath , arrived from L ; igos , and boarded her , with dispatches from Commodore Bruce for England . These dispatches , it was understood , contain official information to the Admiralty of a desperate aud fatal fight with the negroes at Lagos by the Siger ship ' s company ; in which affair Messrs . Dyer and hall , mates of the Niger , were killed , and nine men were also killed and wounded . It appears that for some timo there has been a display of some very ill-feeling between those on the coast who are desirous of suppressing slavery , and a party whose " occupation has gone" by the activity of the cruisers in putting down the slave trade . The former party have been zealous in their endeavours to prevent the latter from bringing slaves from the interior to the coast market ; and the slavers , on the other hand , have attempted b y every means to coerce our friends , until at length thoy have come
to blows , The Niger , cruising on the const , determining on a demonstration against the blacks , landed her boats to protect our allies and to drive oft their enemies , when a bloody encounter ensued , and the seamen and marines of the Niger , being overpowered by-numbers , were obliged to retreat , fighting their way to their boats , with the disastrous casualties above roportod . The Commander-in-Chief , Commodore Bruce , in the Penelope , sixteen , steamfrignte ; Captain Lyster , with the Sealark , eight , and one or two other men of war , arrived otf Lagos , from Ascension , after the fight , and remaining there , dispatched tbe Niger to Sierra Leone , to complete provisions , and to take down a detachment of the West India rogimont , when it was expected the commodore would commence active operations ngainst the slave-dealing wretches , and , it is hoped , will inflict upon them such a chastisement as shall avenge the deaths of the gallant officers and seamen of the Niger , and shall finally put a finishing stroke to slave dealing in that quarter of the coast .
Thr Present To Loan Granville.—A Letter,...
Thr Present to Loan Granville . —A letter , of which the following is a translation , has been addressed by Lord Granville to M . Sallandrouze de Lamornaix , returning thanks for the handsome present recently received by him from the late Commissioner for the Great Exhibition : — " Monsieur le Commissairo General , —] have the honour to acknowledge tho receipt of your letter , in which you inform me in such flattering terms , that , at the suggestion of the Minister of Commerce , it was decided by a decree of the President of the Republic that I should be presented with a cojfrc in ebony , ornamented with paintings on Sevres porcelain , as a testimonial of the part taken by me at the Great Exhibition in London . It is with a degree of . satisfaction which I find it very difficult to express , that I accept this magnificent present . I shall always regard it as a . prccions testimony that France has appreciated the
desire which the Royal Commission had of justifying the confidence so nobly placed in it by the Government and tho people of France , and I shall preserve this rich specimen of tho progress of industrial arts among you as one of tbe most valuable memorials of an enterprise which has not a little contributed to tighten the bonds by which tho two countries are united . I beg , Monsieur , that you will act as my interpreter towards the President of tho Republic , and all those who have taken a share in doing me this honour , in expressing all my gratitude . I am happy , Monsieur , that this communication has been made to mo through you , who in all our frequent communications have shown , together with a groat zeal for those whom you represented , a desire at the same time to facilitate tho ' labours of the Royal Commission ; and I avail myself of this . oppovtuuity to repeat the assurance of my most distinguished sentiments . — Gbakvimb , "
A few ' nights & ince , as M ; Reymond , deputy mayor of Echeris ( Drome ) , was returning from Porit-en-Royaus , he was attacked by three wolves . Fortunately for . him there was a cart standing by the road-side into which he jumped , and defended himself for some time with a large stick , crying out lustily for assistance . His . cries were heard at . a house near , and some persons came to his rescue . M . ' Reyinond was wounded , but not seriously , in one of his hands .
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The Engineers'and'i Heir Jbmployers. (Fr...
THE ENGINEERS'AND'I HEIR JBMPLOYERS . ( Froni the'Spectator . ) A determination not i p . j . understand the matter in hand seems to be fixed in the minds of those who have been dealing with the intended " strike" of the engineers and mechanics , of the . iron-trades ; although it is only by arriving at a clew YHiUM & ttmdwg that tbe dispute can ever be arranged on such a basis as to make the settlement satisfactory and enduring ; The real understanding of the case appears to us to be quite practicable ; and there / ore we hold it also within the bounds of possibility that masters and men should come to a settlement satisfactory and enduring . Letus say at starting , however , that a part of the understanding must be a distinct recognition oi the rights which exist on both sides , and of the powers also which exist on both sides : thus far in tbe contest , both sides are chargeable with ignoring essential facts .
Among the modes of promoting a misunderstanding on the part of the public , has been the systematic confusion of things distinct ; and also a constructive interpretation of claims . Tbe proceedings of a local union at Oldham , in the case of Messrs . Hibbert , Platt , and Son , have been treated as identical with the proceedings of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers . The Oldham union , indeed , seems to belong to the Amalgamated Society ; but it has exercised an independent local action beyond that which the Society has exercised . Again , the Amalgamated Society it charged with " intimidation , " and a case of violence at Leeds has been alleged against it : the violence at Leeds was individual , and the offenders have been punished ; and it is as absurd to accuse the general body with that violence as it
would be to accuse the whole body of iron manufacturers of the breach of compact not explicitly denied by Messrs . Hibbert and Platt—with , this difference in tbe two cases , that the Amalgamated Society disavows the violence , while the manufacturers support Messrs . Hibbert and Platt . The 'intimirJatton" used by tbe Society is exactly tbe same as the intimidation used by the masters—the- attempt to obtain , certain concessions , by the fear of pecuniary inconvenience as the consequence of refusal . The means . of enforcement is exactly correlative—the men withdraw their labour , the masters withdraw , employment . Tbe combination alleged against tbe men has its exact counterpart in that of the masters ; the men have a fund , the masters a larger fund .. If capital has its rights , so has labour ; and if society at large has any interest in the matter , il is as much on one side as the other . Both sides have a right to claim the conditions on which they can give and take employment , and
to f-nforce those conditions so far as they can do so by tbe control over their ohm actions ; and they , the members of either party , have the right to combine with their fellows for the promotion of the general interest . It is the refusal to recognise the exactly correlative nature of these several rights and powers which constitutes the weak point on either aide . The-masters have . a right to employ their capital as . they please , to make what conditions they please , and to . combine for the purpose of inducing others to make those conditions general . If the men think the conditions cruel , their only appeal is to the humanity of the masters , which must be spontaneously exercised ; te the Legislature for a general law , ifithey can get it ; or to their own power of refusal . If tbe masters employ other hands , that fall in with the conditions deprecated , the men have no right to interfere—except , we repeat , through the moralist or the Legislature . Nothing can be peremptorily demanded of any individual employer except obedience to the laws .
But these rights of the masters are no more than correlative to precisely similar rights of the men . Theybaye a right to lay down the conditions of their own labour , even to the extent of saying , as Messrs . Hibbert and Piatt ' s men have done , that they will not work with certain men ; as much right as a physician has to decline to meet a quack doctor , or as agnest at a dinner has to withdraw from the presence of another guest , if it be only because that other is offensive to him . Messrs . Hibbert and Piatt ' s men , however , were not merely capricious in a condition which their employers accepted and afterwards broke . It refers to a new practice in the iron trades . Many of the "tools" used in those trades are very elaborate and valuable pieces of machinery ,
costing at times as much as £ 2 , 000 ; and the skilled " mechanic , " who has served an apprenticeship of teven years , understands the construction and management of the tool at which be has worked . The masters have found , however , that they can employ a common unskilled labourer if a . mechanic be first used to " setout" the labourer ' s work ; and thus a mechanic and a labourer fill the place once filled by two mechanics : the labourer taking probably half the wages—say 18 s . instead of 36 s . The mechanics object : they argue that their apprenticeship entitles them to a pre-emption over the labourers ; that 'their ingenuity aud assiduity have helped to simplify the machines , whose easy management is how turned against them ; and that the more enduring interests even of the master are promoted
by retaining valuable machines in the hands that do not hazard misuse , damage , and loss . The reader will perceive both the force and the weak points of this argument ; hut the fact on which we are now insisting is , that the men have some grounds in reason and equity for their claim , and a right to enforce the condition of their own labour if tbey please , even to declining , for the interest of iheir order , a joint employment with the unskilled labourer . Tbe masters have the equal right to employ the unskilled labourera , i ( tbey choose , and if they can obtain skilled companions for them . The circumttance that the rights are conflicting , the interests conflicting , ought not to blind us to their existence : on the contrary , to recognise them distinctly is the first step towards a reconcilement .
The demands made by the Amalgamated Society for the discontinuance of overtime and piecework , are also far from being merely capricious claims—far from being without embarrassing difficulties of enforcement . Daywork is not always , as the reader would suppose , the opposite of piecework , but often a fixed quantity : so much done in ten hours shall be a day ' s work j only , says the man , do not f orce me to work longer by saying that you will give me none if I will not work fourteen or seventeen hours a day ; do not force me , under pain of paying me l % ss ,. lo work harder ; in heat and over-strained exertion , than human limbs can bear , " Piecework" is objected to by the men , not only as
directly lowering wages , and compelling excessive exertion , but also as facilitating the employment of middlemen , like the " sweaters" of the tailors' trade . The men have a right to object ; the masters have a right to employ none but men who will work bard and long . Tbey have some reason also on their side in the undeniable propensity of numbers to idle and avoid work , and in the uncertainly with which orders come in . In equity and humanity , however , those reasons do not justify the coercion of the really steady workman , nor a systematic use of overtime as a means of beating down wages by making the men feel alternations of no pay and full pay .
Recognising the rights , the masters and men Mow , from bitter experience , that they also possess mutual powers of annoyance . ' Strikes" are mostly retaliated by the closmg of shops , the calling of new hands into a trade , and the improvement of labour-saving machinery . On the other hand , discontent among workmen is invariably felt in loss , throutth damaged machinery and diminished production ; and the shifting of hands , in the case of skilled labour , is in ilself a source of injury . Masters and men can damage each other . It is not less certain that Ihey possess common as well as conflicting interests ; and an allusion lo the principle of mutual insurance , at the meeting of employers last week , by a master noted for his intelligence and kindness , Mr . May , of Ipswich , was received wiih a fervour remarkable in that assemblage . It would be well if the spirit of that suggestion
could be transferred to the proceedings on both sides . The talk among the masters about not submitting to " dictation " is balderdash ; just as the whining of the men about " oppression" is nonsense . The thing to be done is to recognise tbe justice and the amount of power to enforce conditions residing in each side , and then to establish a machinery for facilitating the expression of the several desires , the free working of tbe several influences , in order that the two parties may have a consistent means of coming to terras on a fair and practical basis . B » t that means , the common interests would be adequately promoted : and society would thus be far better served than by any other conflict of capital and labour ; since it is only the alliance of capital and labour that can really bring forth that full production in which society at large is most interested—to say nothing of the social concord .
The Master Engineers And Their Workmen. ...
THE MASTER ENGINEERS AND THEIR WORKMEN . ( From tbe Standard . ) Tl « dispute between the master engineers and their wo'kmen has at length assumed a very serious aspect . By Saturday next many thousands of workmen will be deprived of employment , unless the masters reconsider tbeir determination to close their works , or unless some reasonable adjustment of tbe dispute be effected in the meanwhile . We have already expressed our opinion that tbe operatives in the particular branch of industry , in question want many of the grounds for complaint which are possessed bv their brethren
engaged in other trades , but at the same time , some of the demands made by the . workmen seem founded in justice , and such as it would seem to be good policy on the part of the masters to concede with a good grace . Take for example the question of " overtime ' . ' which has already been given up by several employers . One thing is manifest , that neither masters nor employed can hope for victory each over the other , except by a perfect combination among themselves . On the one hand , if the employers can succeed in winning over a sufficient body of operatives to their terms , the remainder must per force submit , were the
The Master Engineers And Their Workmen. ...
£ 25 , 000 capital which they possess multiplied tenfold , Oa the other hand , if any considerable number of masters give way , tbe victory ^ willinfallibly fall to-tbe men . It is , in truth , a contest as to which party can starve out the of er . At the same time , we foresee considerable risk from a prolongation of the struggle between the parties . Hitherto , ia England manufactures have been carried on by an association between those whose capital was money , and those whoss capital lay in their skill and labour . Under that system , which undoubtedly is not without its advantages , the gain , we apprehend , has been palpably on the side o £ the money capitalists . It cannot be denied , however , that it is > n this way that our manufactures generally have attained the hii ; h position they hold in tbe civilised world , because
they have been prosecuted wiih all the aid and assistance w j , a , m 08 t limited amount of capital could purchase . We doubt if the amount of money applied to tbe prosecution of mawifactures in England during the last fifty years n i i ima 8 ined ' that if it were men would believe it . Probably the same amount would , if so applied , go far to reclaim the wilds of tbe vast American continent . There is no doubt that the manufacturing prosperity of Great Britain owes much to the capitalist , hut , be it remembered , that all this is now no more than a debt , and will be repudiated the moment the two partirs come into collision . Is it wise then , we ask , to sever the bond between capital and labour that has existed so long and bo favourably for the country ?
But , perhaps , it may be sad that this is merel y an imaginary danger . We do not think so . The probable result of a continuance of this contest between employers and employed will be to drive ihe men into tbe formation of what we may venture to call labour clubs , but which will be to aU intents and purposes a new species of partnership with a moderate capital . Such associations , moreover , would possess this advantage over the old system of transacting busi . ness , viz ., that they could undersell all rival dealers b y saving the employer's profit , often no inconsiderable item ;
We already see a hint at something of this kind in the proposal of the Amalgamated Society to invest £ 10 , 000 of tbeir capital in the purchase of tools , with a view to undertake the execution of works . Such a partnership as we have referred to would find little difficulty in these days in obtaining sufficient funds to begin with , when gold is pouring in annually at tbe rate of £ 15 , 000 , 000 a year . We trust , however , that the good sense of both parties will unite in putting an end to this unhappy d ' spute , that otherwise may have , as a remote consequence , the effect of revolutionising the entire trade and commerce of the countrv .
Destruction Of The Steam Ship Amazon By ...
DESTRUCTION OF THE STEAM SHIP AMAZON BY FIRE , AND LOSS OF OXE HUNDRED AND FORTYONE LIVES .
Plymouth " , Jan . 6 . —It . becomes our painful duty to report the particulars of a most appalling accident . ' The new Royal Mail Steam ship Amazon , Captain Symons , which left Southampton on the 2 nd inst ., for the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico , has been totally consumed by fire , and of 102 persons who were on board her when she left it is feared only twenty-one have been saved . The Amazon left Southampton at half past three o ' clock on Friday afternoon , and in the Channel experienced strong head winds and rain . At a quarter before one on Sunday morning , when the ship was about 110 miles west-southwest of Soilly , a fire broke out suddenly , forward on the starboard side , between the steam chest and the under part of the galley , and shortly after the flames rushed up the gangway which is in front of tbe foremost funnel . The
alarm hell was rung , and Captain Symons rushed on deck in his shirt and trowsers . Wet swabs and other looso things were placed on the gratings of the spar deck hatch , ; , nd a hose was brought to play on the main deck , but quickly abandoned in consequence of the excessive heat . The deck pump was also kept at work until the men were forced to retire . Tho wind was blowing half a gale from south-west , and the vessel was going eight and a half knots , which was her average rate from the time of departure . Captain Symons ordered some hay , between the engine-room crank gratings , to be thrown overboard ; two trusses were hove over tho ship ' s side , but tho fire soon ignited the main body , the hencoops on each side , and the paddleboxes , the men were obliged to abandon the deck , and those who could leave were all finally driven from the ship . Many were burnt in their berths , others suffocated , and a great number were drowned in the lowering of the boats .
Jlr . Vincent ( son of Captain Vincent of the Severn ) , a midshipman in the Amazon , who was saved , has furnished the following narrative : — ' " We loft Southampton with the West Indian and Mexican mails on board on Friday , the 2 nd inst . About twenty minutes to one on Sunday morning tire was observed burst * ing through tho hatchway forcside of the fore funnel . Every possible exertion was made to put out the fire , hut all was ineffectual . Tbe mail boat was lowered , with twenty or twenty-fivo persons in it , but was immediately swamped and went astern , the people clinging to one another . They were all lost . The pinnace was next lowered , but she hung by the fore tackle , and being swamped tho people were all washed out of her . In lowering the second cutter tho sea raised her , and unhooked the fore tackle , so that she fell down perpendicularly , and all but two of tho persons in her were washed out . " Captain Symons was all this time using his utmost
exertions to save his passengers and crew . Sixteen men , including two passengers , succeeded in lowering the lifeboat , and about the same time , I ( Mr . Vincent ) , with twomen , the steward and a passenger , got into and lowered tho dingy . In about half an hour the life-boat took the dingy ' s people into her , and bore down for the ship with the dingy in tow , but tbe sea increasing , and boing nearly swamped , they were obliged to cast the dingy off and bring the boat head to sea . The masts went—first the foremast , and then the mizenmnsr , " About this timo a bark passed astern of the lifeboat ; we hailed her with our united twenty-one voices and thought ; ehe answered us , but she wove and stood under the stern of the burning vessel , and immediately hauled her wind and stood away again , " The gig with five hands was at this time some little way from us , but the sea was running so high we could render her no assistance , and shortly afterwards lost sight of her .
" About four a . m . ( Sunday ) it was raining heavily , and the wind shifted to tho northward ; sea confused , but decreasing ; put tho boat before the sen . At five o ' clock the ship ' s magazine exploded , and about half an hour afterwards the funnels went over tho sides and she sunk . At noon we were picked up by the Marsden , of London , Capt . Evans , by whom we were treated in the kindest miuinor possible , " The captain stood in to the coast of France , but the wind shifting to the southward he bore up for Plymouth , where he arrived at 10 . 50 p . m . on the Stb , and were moat hospitablv and kindly received bv tho landlord of the Globe Hotel . " " Mr . Neilson , one of the only two passengers saved , confirms the above statement .
Of tbe immediate cause of the fire no probable account has yet transpired . Ono fact enly is clear , that it originated in the engine room , and at a point totally apart from the coals . A feasible conjecture is that the machinery got so hented by friction as to ignite tho woodwork , and this view is strengthened by the fact that on the vessel ' s experimental trip she had twice to be stopped for the purpose of cooling it . We believe it will also be found that she liad twice to be stopped during her passage from Southampton to Scilly f > r the same purpose , the last time only a few hours before the fire , A court of proprietors was held on Wednesday , when Mr . Vincent confirmed his hasty account given above , in which he mentioned the fact of the vessel being stopped to cool tho bearings . It will cost the world of taste and letters a pang to find among the " missing" the name of Eiiot Warhurton , tho gifted ° nutbor of" The Crescent and the Crosc . "
A subscription bus been entered into at Southampton to assist the numerous widows and fatherless children who have locn rendered so by the loss of the unfortunate Amazon . The Mayor has headed it with a subscription of £ 10 . Twelve of the crew of the Amazon that were saved arrived at Southampton on Wednesday oveninsr . In addition to the heavy mail for the Wot Indies and Mexico , which was on bowA two Awiv . 7 . ot , % he hwi 1 , 100 tons of coal , specie to the value of £ 20 , 000 , quicksilver to the value of £ 5 , 000 , and 100 tons of cargo .
PUIITHEn PARTICULARS . Paws , Thursday , 11 30 a . x :. —Letters from Brest announce the arrival , on the 5 th of January , by a Dutch vessel , of six passengers and nineteen of the crew of the English packet Amazon , which was destroyed by fire . — Chronicle .
The Charge Or Cahd-Ciikati.No At Bnienio...
The Charge or Cahd-ciikati . no at Bnienios . —Lewes , Tuesday . —In the course of the proceedings in this caso before Mr , Justice Erie , at Chambers , during the last week , Mr . Sill , the solicitor for tho prosecution , intimated to that learned judge his intention under the peculiar circumstances of the case of applying to the committing magistrates at Brighton to appoint the chief officer of police of that town ( Captain Chase ) to be the prosecutor instead of Mr . Ramp , and Mr . Justice Erie made tho order for the use of the necessary affidavits for that purpose . The Brighton magistrates beinc in sessions hero today Mr . Sill appeared before them , and having explained the circumstances which had satisfied them that Captain Chase should be substituted for Mr . Ilamp , the magistrates at once acceded to tho application , and Captain Chasei was accordingly bound over in his recognisances ol * ouu to prosecute at tho ensuing assizes , and Mr . SiH was at tho same time desired to continue in the conduct ot the prosecution .
The Royat . OnsEUVATont and Electric Telegraph .-. Arrangements are now being made , with the consent of the South Eastern Railway Comply and at the request of the Astronomer-Royal , for p lacing the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in connexion with the wires of tbeilectrio Telegraph Company , which will give facilifes for instantaneous astronomical observation at one and tbe same time in all parts of the kingdom , and by means of the submarine telegraph with nearly all parts of the continent . Two other advantages will also be obtained—viz ., those of ascertaining the difference in the longitude of places , end of regulating tho national time by the uniform standard of Greenwich .
The " Perth Courier" asserts , that the Pertbsbi'e poachers are catching hares by laying sponges saturated in chloroform beside their feed !
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 10, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10011852/page/7/
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