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ffizt ©orre^ontieiice
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¦M-' ,\ '• :¦*' - .
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' J0URNJL> ,;]jjgg':....
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"". VI call tot^to^ come fdrwwdfirst / "...
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T.'SSS, DIFFICULTIES OF STATESMANSHIP,
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To reconcile tlio Rights of Property wit...
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[As the columns under this head are open...
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THE O'CONNOR FUND. Brought forward, £4 9...
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THE PRESENT CRISIS. A ptthlic meeting wa...
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SAXE A WEnL? BB n SER f a Bl0HSBS3 M»Dm»...
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:. ."•¦ • f / j/;V WINDING UP OF THE NAT...
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W OLVER HAMPTON OOxVSPIItAOY CASE. Sir 6...
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TO THE EDJTOB OF THE STAR. Sib,-I find i...
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T~-^mmamiMfa—Bi— • —,¦—¦.. 1 **mi, ©o=Watfoe SttteKffiiM
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C0.0PJ!BAriyE GONFEUENOB. On Sunday last...
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LA.TEST FOREIGN NEWS. F3lAI?CE.~.P4Rrs, ...
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Riot at Babrington Couiert, Northumdeman...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ffizt ©Orre^Ontieiice
ffizt © orre ^ ontieiice
¦M-' ,\ '• :¦*' - .
¦ M- ' , \ '• : ¦* ' - .
And National Trades' J0urnjl> ,;]Jjgg':....
AND NATIONAL TRADES' J 0 URNJL > , ;] jjgg ' :. jjg ^ ff
"". Vi Call Tot^To^ Come Fdrwwdfirst / "...
or " " " ** m it up is ? nSS ^ JSriHaL 10 , bm . ; ^ fiiifS . ^^^^ f ^ . ' ' "'*" ' mi 1 ¦¦ IIIHMMII III »¦ i ^ j ^ jg ^^ n ^^^^ 1 V
T.'Sss, Difficulties Of Statesmanship,
T . 'SSS , DIFFICULTIES OF STATESMANSHIP ,
To Reconcile Tlio Rights Of Property Wit...
To reconcile tlio Rights of Property with the TtTtights of Labour has ever jawed the groat Dit & - ci-culty of Statesmanship , and the antagonism now r raging among varions sections of politicians demon-• si . strates that the problem is Still tttisolvcd . Experi--T -mental Legislation is constantly baffled , because it 33 ias never yet been based oa a comprehensive prin-- « -ciple of policy . Each succeeding administration . j . ponders to the current prejudices of the ( lay , and t adopts measures calculated to retain themselves in •< -office . National -welfare ia sacrificed to the retention
< of Downing-street ; and however \ Yhiga and Tones j may rilnperato each other in the pursuit of power j and patronage , they always unite to ^ incr to resist the just claims of the people to any participation in the GovemtftcUt , ^ , Both ^ faetion-v are fertile in jophism ; both are equally dexterous in preparing statistics $ -fotft affect a profo * und reverence for public opisfon ; \ mt neither of fnem will movo aa inch h ^' oiia the narrow diraensions of the oligarchic circle .
How happens it £ nafc So roach n » B & y prevails on this fair earth ? < r ae sources of production are illimitable in the «&«&&! , -vegetable , atid mineral kingdom , and '^ fcaae is ever ready to turn them to account , ' -g ^ jj 0 Vet of tonsatnption , measured in the impla ^^ ^ pp eftteg aad desires of the human race , " * Jf ** $ s -equal * to & o power of production . Contej . ' aeittlj , Tinder tealural law , suppl y and demand • should never Tafl ^ neither deficiences nor gluts ought ' occuh ' The reward of industry would be ample and certtffcVSad idleness alone would be subject to privation . That these results ate not realised can only be-sXtributed to imperfect distribution ; for it is ampttfiSe to deny the premises on which this reasoning is founded .
Political Economy , has revealed aomo truths and subverted some errors , but it has not solved the industrial problem ; it has not reconciled the Bights of Properly and the Eig hts of Labour . It has chiefly studied the art of producing wealth , and been almost silent on the art of distribution . It has done littlo for the moral and social elevation of humanity , Wealth is the appreciation of material things , and a term of comparison , which has no positive SOUSe , unless it is distinctly expressed at the same time to what it relates . Economists have treafcd it as an Abstraction , a ' nd not with relation to man and society , and hdnbo ^ as arisen the failure of their science . For
" aincewealthis the product ef human labour , which procures Tor us all the iriafenai good we seek to enjoy , ihe 'fundamental ' question to be answered is this—! For whom is wealth created ? According to the ' aWwer given to thfs' ^ uestion , man belongs to wealth , * br wealth belongs to man . Personal slavery is tho sternest form in which man belongs to wealth ; a slave in Cub * 1 s a portion of his master ' s property , as he can bfc bought and sold , as well as the goods Ills indtSS / y creates . "Wages paid to a free man , when stanty and precarious , scarcely raise him above the fe ' vel of servitude .
Pauperism and privation are forms of the imperfect 'distribution of -wealth , and legislation has dealt with them rather as crimes than as misfortunes . It has , to some extent , sought a remedy in systematic emigration ; albeit , parliamentary documents prove that fifteen million acres of land , untouched by plough or spafe might ha asefnlly cultivated within the limits of the United Kingdom . The sum expended in rates for the able-bodied poor , willing to work , but unable
So find employment , -Would soon " reclaim iargeportions of this neglects ^ gdfl . % ith this field of labour ¦ vacant wad "« iv onr conftrt & 'rid , it is difficult to believe ia tl ^ j tlwory of overpopulation . It is also a large der ^ tagi-on onr credulity , when Jhe great body of the P *& f fe ere badly fed , clothed , and Juinsed , that our assent is claimed to the theory of ovtT production . Folitical » condmy , however , as popularly taught , insists 'fln'the train of both these doctrines . This science
* 0 dominates in Parliament at the present time , that -mere accountants , who get up statistical tables , are nnfetaken for statesmen . "What praises have not the professors of this scien <" Havished on cheapness , as the prime blessing «** jj 0 -workingclasses ! But , letnsasTcwhich <\' two dissimilar forms of cheapness we ovight to commend ? - "Much money for little labour is tt vs form of cheapness which the sons and daughters of toil are quite willing to accept ; but the form of cheap ness hitherto offered ' them is the very reverse—it is lit tie money for much 'labour . This distinction is fum lamental , but it is conveniently suppressed by the ' economists . Everv
workiugmanisaseller of Iaboui and a buyer o ' f snoney , and iis wages are high or low in proportion to their pur-chasing power over coram odities . In a mere aruhutetical sense , sixpence is le -ss than nine pence , -andlnitho * ame confined sense , a quartern loaf at * upenco is cheaper than a quarter n loaf at ninepence ; out since the working man must b uy money by tho sale of his labour , before he can l my bread , the vital question for him to determine is w ] lether , in the same -time , he cam more readily earn the ninepence than the -sixpence . In this view food is no t his first necessity his first necessity is constant em ployment at living
The argument addressed to ind ividual selfishness which -arges all to buy cheap and s ell dear , is hollow and false . All trade resolves itsell ' into barter , and barter is the exchange of equivalei its , that is equal abour , for equal labour embodied b i commodities . If ¦ a shoemaker insists on cheap bread , the former is entitled to cheap shoes . This reasoning must he expand ed . Capital , employed in business , must always v ield two
returnsthe profits of st ock , and the wages : of labour ; if not , capital and labour must , sooner or later , part company . Wages are paid for creating products ; if those products , when exposed toe sale in a market , realise but little money , how can the employer continue for any lengthened period to give much money lor creating such products : It is clear he will not ; tar it would involve a sacrifice of his profits . Be , therefore , retires from business , invests his money in
-iT if ases > or m railways , mortgages , or consols ; *« en he wholl y ceases to be a payer of wages , in- does uo one S " hy cheapness r Yes : all who ' ^ * feed annuitie s , who consume butdonotproo ' uee , « " buy but d 0 not sell . Cheapness adds to the purging power of their incomes , that power becoming ; m ! S * efficient exactly in the proportion in which com - « M » ties fall in price . If French boots sellin Londr-n -nno ^* tl rds of theEnglish price , theannuitant saves
tio * " * ° * * fie used to P ay Defore tne competi-^ ^ nwnenced ; and what he gains is a clear loss ; to profit m $° fers a n * employed—loss to their cheap ^^ Wages ' CheaP % wis evJden % mean « fa ??" $ ft 5 sprovedifcis im P ° rtant t 0 note tl 10 ^ stete i Ct taxation on wages under the cheap ^ dft ^ f U 8 su PP ose tnat a ^ prices rule high , ten-, " ^^ are 2 0 s . a week , and the taxes on «« ^ ih 0 Ba ***!* ¥ * thls *» ten per anfl li ^ ilet us suppose that all prices rule low , W j wa § es fal 1 ^ 10 s . ; the tax of 2 s . becomes iT } PM cent nn *>**«
. , CusSJs 1 T ? rt 8 a T no * Free Trade- So long as vamp trad . ' 3 e are levied for purposes of relibert y ?' s n free . Besides , real commercial porta ; but ' j ? tllat ei P orts siou ^ oe as free as ini-« a i } , g tJl ' does not depend on ourselves , but ° harbou « v ° 4 forei S governments . We may open ° P «» the ruvl t arIiameDt so wiils » tj fat welcannot in ports of other countries . - ' ' '• "'
To Reconcile Tlio Rights Of Property Wit...
Is the present political controversy one simply of cheap bread ? Certainly not in the eye of »**«« - man '; it involves the further querfunu whe t her the poorer soils of this kingdom which require the most labour s hould be thrown out of culture , and whether the fifteen millions of waste acres fchould never be reclaimed' . , „ , s xr . it ,- * Is it a question simply of cheap sugar ? JSo . it is whether our West India colonies should throw off the British connexion , and transfer their allegiance to some other power . Tc it a ouestioii simply of cheap timber ? So . it is whether Canadashr . il annex itself to the United States . . . ... ,
Is it a question of cheap freight ? No : it is whether our East Indiashipping trade shall be transferred to the Americans , who have now an immense advantage , hut little understood , since California was declared a part of their sea-bond . We commenced b y referring to the antagonism that now exists between the Rights of Property and the Rights of Labour . Land is appropriated by law to exclusive ownership ; wo are not now inquiring whether this be right or wrong , but dealing with it as a fact . Ifc forms tho basis of private property . Is it not a fair inference from this arrangement that among the Eights of Labour is that which g ives to our working classes , excluded from the soil , tho sole privilege of woriine up all the raw materials of tho United
Kingdom , whether proceeding from the surface or tne bowels of the earth ? Have they not a sacred claim to bo protected against competition if it lowers their wages or throws them out of employment ? What , then , it may bo asked , do you oppose Free Trade * No ; wc oppose free booty . Wo must bo move definite . A rational ? ree Trade would admit into this country , free of any duty , all those articles which our soil , climate , and industry cannot produce —as tea , sugar , coifce , wine ; but all these are now heavily taxed . An irrational Free Trade admits hats , boots , shoes , gloves , watches , clocks , jewellery , all of which we can produce among oursnlves in sufficient abundance , and by so doing give employment to our people . In tho former scheme , no national industry is displaced ; in the latter , the displacement is
serious , ... - , ., . la the limited space to which we are confined , it u impossible to sketch out a comprehensive principle of policy We cannot even indicate all the outlines which we propose to fill up . We ask indulgence on our first appearance in ' The Star . ' The evidence will accumulate as we proceed , and the system advocated will develop itself in all its bearings . The Ri « hts of Property have many organs—the Hightsot Labour , fev . These subjects may be viewed under
aspects not yet familiar or popularised , mere is much prejudice to be removed in various quarters . There are manv differences which are verbal , not real . True friends are sometimes suspected and rerepulsed , while realenemieswin unmerited confidence . We will now only observe that , in our judgment , tho strength ofanation mainly consists in the certainty of employment and the amplitude of wages . r * Aladdin ,
[As The Columns Under This Head Are Open...
[ As the columns under this head are open for tho free expression of all opinions , the Editor is not responsible for , or committed to , any . ]
NATURAL STATE OF SOCIETY . TO THE EDITOn OP THK STAR . Dbar Sin , —My last two letters deserve the most serious consideration , no ' t only of the working classes , but also of the whole religions world , inasmuch as the evidence adduced is fairly selected fiom the Book which thoy generally nc knowledge to be the Inspired Word of God , and able to make us wise ° unto salvation ; and , whatever Christians may think of the Jewish ceremonies and sacrifices , they all hold that tho moral commandments and ordinances , given hy God to Moses , are of universal and perpetual obligation . " Think not that I came to destroy the Liw or the Prophets , " says the Christ , " but I came to fulfil them ; who ^
soever , therefore , shall break one of ttfB tanfr- < of these command men ts , and shall teach men bo , he shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven ; and whosoever shall do and teach tkcm , the same shall be called great in tho kincdom of heaven , " And the object of all the Laws " of Moses that I have enumerated as I have abundantly proved , is . to establish sound morality , truth , and justice , among all the Jewish people ; to secure to every ' family , for ever , land whereon to earn their living by their own labour , free from rent , government charges , or any other incumbrance , except a small tax to their priests and Levites , the whole of which amounted to IvSB , even ill pro « portion to their population , as compared with ow population , than we have to pay to the established religion of
Great Britain : and for the payments tho priests and Levites received , besides performing all tho burdensome ceremonials of their religion , they were the only lawyersnot law quibblers , but teachers of the laws of Moses—viz ., national schoolmasters to the people ; thoy were also the physicians , tho magistrates , the judges ; and the High Priest , the successor of Aaron , was tho chief magistrate , and his court th « High Court of Appeal for all difficult questions—which must always be decided in conformity with the Law of Moses—the elders of the people in tho towns and cities acting as jurors , These payments to the priests nun * Levites , in short , were the only expenses of
their general , as well as their local governments , during the whole of the timo they acted as Moses commanded them . They had no standing army supported by the state ; but all were voluntary soldiers who could bear arms , equipped and accoutred by themselves formed into armies , regiments , and companies , under oflicers of their own choosing . They had no pompous and expensive court , foreign ambassadors , costly colonies , no proud aristocracy . , no rents to pay for land , no interest for money , and no F tional l ) eht . * lt was a pure democracy . They had IK 6 ? l \ Suffrage , Mid every man had his own property ., a cation , in land , which he could not permanent ! ' . iiver
no man could take it , away from him , secured * qiialtfiby his land mtntka and \> y a correct goneaV / sell , and tion . Tito Israelites were a Federal P * o mm simply States , or tribes , besides the tribe of t > f J 8 'cal registrahowevcr , was not a representative . - £ P hc of Twelve vernment by the whole people , > ' „ ? . ;* ? ites . Their ' s , strictly enioined to assemble < £ " , fhls T ^ ' ? fc a « 0 ' times a year , at the City of tf , , „ , V f ^^ males were and scat of government , to c on , ¦ W ? ' * * 8 8 thw tnl ™ the priests and elders , on nidi u » Pri ^ ' tho sanctuary read and explained , topav jU »> together , by means of Levites , and to feast , da- ' , ; on al , affa , r f . *? hear tho Jaws in these vast assemble - weir dues to . the priests and bo glad , for they h ? ' •»<» , Mna and enjoy themselves , and honev ; they > . „ J ^ . * & % might rejoice , and libertr . and e" ' ,. ? mst ferttle land > flow"ig with milk hour They' " he m 0 ^ P erfect P « onal and political 017 teceive l whole fruits
wkttU ar j - ' < wo of his laand w ^ '' ad neither taxes nor tax gatherers . What the , lahr- \~ 7 ? itfi recoive < J was ^ n to them voluntarily , l * . s but just recompense for the great and arduous / aw they performed for the people ; and , secondly , was . rightful claim , because no land was divided and irtve ' to them with tho rest of the tribes of Israep ^ or ¦ A these reasons wo may now safely affirm that the govr ' ment estahlis ! e , l l , y that great law giver , Moses , cmv i *?~ ing nil the wisdom of that mighty and highly civilhv ja , n * tion , the Eivptians , tho experience of a long life of na J the moot rnfoiiretl and learned men of ancient ; f / 10 0 l assisted by Divine Inspiration , is one of the ver . ' , Umc 8 » well as one of the very cheapest forms of s- ' * ' as that was ever established in any country in the , Jver " meI 1 * the most suitable government that could have L wor » . an and carried out at that time , for that super ,-- en de . TIsed rant , and enslaved people , . « tit' . ous ,
lgno-The essential Laws of Moses consisted ' * , first principles of justice , easily underst a J a / ew plaln be rememlured by all tho people . T' ¦ ' nn \ ^ Moses ' s Law is it * comprehensiveness A t . ! beaufcy of plicity ; and these qualities are tlepe- ;* *!* " *?; . sira * Having now laid before you the / fe « t'on of legislation , troducingand pc rpctuating the r" means adopted for inamonj ? the Jows h y Moses k ' < atura State of Society Adam Smith , and contrast itV ' ' tl ^ return to Dr > princ i ples and conductor Chris' " oes ^ iption of tho and legislators . mn capitalists , land owners , " lV « a ! th of Nations , " T ? o A , T , eideied as the price paid f- / 0 ! . > cha P ' , - ~"^« " « , contho highest wh : ch f he t jr T m oF ' » is » naturally , actual uuiu
circumstances of 7 : , "T" " w pay , m itie of tho lease , the Ian / , 7 " ' In a < l ) ustlng the terms greater share of tho ' , en dea * ours to leave him no tip the stock from ¦ . P rod , ' * hnt » w hat is sufficient to keep labour , and pure' ™ Ich i 10 fu »»» hes the seed , pays the instruments of ^ RS ? 8 a ? d tnalI > tain 8 tho cattle , and other profits of fitrrr , OMwndry , toeerher with the ordinary evidently , th / " 8 ? , toe k } n thc neighbourhood . This is , content hiP , fJ 'll 7 l f ? * " « « Wchthe tenant can seldom mr „ ! „;• w lthout being a loser , and the landlord wo prod J ™} ° ™\ him any more . Whatever part of th 4 ri ^ . » or what is the sarao thing , whatever part of vour , t f ' lZV S Z ° this share ' he «««« r « % endea : « , 'mS ^ u to himself , as tho rent of his land " which »* » fS 1 ""{ ' l h l sheat . t ,, e tounntcan sfford to puy . The ' 1 % ther efore , is naturally , a monopoiy Jrice . I ? ai 5 outnnl ^ ° - 0 rhoned t 0 W 5 at we landlord may have laid out upon the improvement of the land , or to what ho Eff Jr ^ Ddlord e J . ^^ » ten t for unimproved land and the supposed interest , or profit , upon the expense rlmiZT ' generally . addition *• tSfSEK l "h . T' = 03 eimprovements , besides , are notalwavs m » rl »
tenant Wh » f 1 , ° ' but BOm <*™ s by that of the the hn ' dlnYrf n the t ? ? s t 0 b 8 rene ^ » however , rent a 8 if t v h , " ! " , t ™™* ' } l same ^ mentation of « mes dlmS a } K bee " mad ° by his own . Ho some-SnnfnSL ^" . rf , - hat is altogethor incapable of » k ?^ J" prowmont - Kel P a species of sea weed , which . Sf ? ™\ i r an Alkaline salt , useful for ' making I ^ Al ^ 'Vn 8 evcral othep P urP <» es . It grows in ? P ^ rieKif ? W Brltain ' Particularly in Scotland da ? cov mi w ^ ' gh Wa er mark « which are twice 6 V « y EIm ! ' 6 ^ 1 the produce of which , therefore , however JFF ™^ by . . Uman iDdustr ys tb ^ landlord lm 3 v / in , ° f - » te , S b 0 u undcd ^ sucb kel P ** ore ] seain « l * ^ J l or much aB for his «>™ fields . The than ^ l hene ! gllb u OUrboo , 1 . tbe Sbot , and W » n «»» , i" more of 5 ;? " ° abundaI ! t n fisb - wbicb » ake" * great part 2 Jtw ?* ? ° f i i inbabitan's- B « t in order to S » S by the produce of tho water , they must have a habita . feion upon the neighbouring land . And tho wnfnfthA
nnmoru , partly paid in fish , is , in proportion , not to what ' hP ^ n m ^ -f l ! Z \ e H tb ? > but in Proportion to what rr , Jfe bo h t e land and h ? th 0 wtfr . " Chaps . « mJS » v : t £ ^ In thafc . ° ^ inal atatc of things , which precedesb h the appropriation of land and the accumulation of capital , the whole produce of labour belongs to the » MT * I }™ neItber , aDdJord "Of mt « ter to share with him . But as soon as tho land of any country has all become private property , the landlords love to reap where they nave never sowed , and demand a rent oven for its natural produce . The wood of the forest , the grass of the bold , and all the natural fruits of the earth , which , when land was m common , cost the labourer only the trouble of gathering them , come oven io him to have an additional price fixed upon them . He must then pay for tbe license tanaiora
J ° i . ; ..,. ' "'"¦»*"'' f w mo a portion of what his labour either collects or produces " The account given above of English Landlordism by Dr Adam Smith , is surely bad enough ; but this is by no means the worst of it . About a century ago there wore many millions of acres of unappropriated , waste , or common lands in these islands , which , rightfully , belonged to the whole of the British people ; but the aristocracy and landowners having largo majorities in both Houses of Parlhv ment , determined to pass laws to enable them to divide this land among themselves , their friends , and others , who already held large tracts of land , a great deal of it lying useless . If Moses had had to divide this Ian- ) , he would first of all have ascertained who had already as much land as they could cultivate by their own labour , and who had
not ; ana then be would have divided all those millions of acres of common lands among that part of the people , who either had too little land , or no land at all . a larger or a smaller portion to each man according to the numbers in to family ; and , if any part of them were too pooTio find cartel to cultirate their lots , he would have called upon their wealthy brethren , in the awful name of the God of Israel , to give or to fegdto their poor /^ countrymen
[As The Columns Under This Head Are Open...
all that they stood in ne . eo ) £ Oft ^ fitbbut asking receiving either usury or incrcase ; J § d ] jf | they v were , through poverty or misfortune , not ab ' «^|^ i '» i-.. o ^ 9 ? v # « j « r nd of tho sixth year , thoy musi ^^^ m ^ S ' . ^ . ^ SL ^ b * ? tbe seventh . ' . - V ;;! t ?' a ^ 2 StJ ,... -. JtL « - " - ' * « ¦ ¦< ' .. ' We live under a TerftSliP ^ rupSpiBjqaij ^ iaoral , and religious constitution Bni ^ jmm ^^^^ W ^ ' T ^' Jews did . But how - ^^ % PR 8 ^|* M ^^ i » i ! irid landowners acted in this matter ?;^ h ^ y |^ v ^ passed ' some hundreds of acts of Parliament for the 7 ejiclqsure , or rather seisure , of these lands' of the . people ; and thenvthey rhare driven the poor fronfb ' ff this land , which was justly their inheritance , and the 'inheritance of their fathers , and in direct opposition to every principle of God's and Moses ' s law , be who had the most land already got tho largest share—ho who had the least land before had the smallest portion ; and the labouring peasant , tho cottage squatter , and the mass of the people without their consent being ! .. J ;„ nn « A ^• f , '" . ;« jUWklU tislrinn frt . « nnaliiinnl
, asked , or the least power to prevent ifc , were robbed of these millions of acres altogether . ,:: . , And how the largevP ^ priatorsara now , using thewkand djiher lands , aiid tre »» ng tbe % nJ « 44 » tW | inant 8 fMmv engaged in cultivating part of them , Dr . Adam SmlttffittB ttt * formed yon . Besides these tilled lands , there are millions of acres that would , in a few years , pay the labourer a good profit for cultivating them , but they are suffered , generation after generation , to lie idle , because tho labourer for the first few years probably could not afford to pay any rent for them . Other landowners , regardless of the miseries of unemployed thousands , keep large districts of this small country for hunting and shooting grounds-extensive parks , woods , and pleasure grounds , producing neither food P ' employment for tho people , surround many of their prir habitations . In years that are past , and when vo members of Parliament were wanted , I »» h divided thfiirestates into numberless utttep ? .,
-votes of the people being destroyed , the land' l ? ^ s for it to turn all these little patches into by .- -odlords therefore , without remorse or pity , they . j * ^ s . The overturned , - and utterly burnt by fi r- . ords now will little cottages , and other building ? «| $ farms j and , and entirely at tho expense of tK . ^ i ye . pulled down ; consequently been turned 0 ' * aousandof Houses j into tho fields and lanes , w . » eM elU by the laBbiir , perished with hunger ^ - "F ^/ flr tenants , who have dened tho workhous' ^ » Dot Jseless and penniless , live under a more . K hl"J „ ,, "j „ d « ds of thousands havo largo portions of ' * ;? 2 „« of thousands have burthe seat of V J j ^ J'ons h ave emigrated , to onemy . , 5 1 !!! , 11 Mt . ^ America , leaving Cbri 8 f' * r 2 lifT desoIate thaD if " bad b ^ facts . ur ' Ior 7 jars ravaged by an intading
of'fhe S of whfv ris - fan Ie S « lators ! These are . eriienw ^ bundan ^ 7 ? ° * 01 yn fi «" «» « nd writers , te 3 d ? hreThrt £ rV a 0 ? ^ judges , whether yor . rV m ne - . then ond be your own superior in thn «^ re ^ ' ^^ Lft ^ ^ aDytbin « . « Jt human virtue and h ^" ' ffbicb a " * f the most essential to by his servant ; io . c ; 4 s P piness ' t 0 tho laws of God » ** fr ™ bMeTXZn M * s ™ Mrezt you to read your the mostSabVlng ly ' th C 0 Dta , n unfatbomed mines of showyouS ^ t ' f- , for K 5 . aadI 8 ha 11 b 9 atoto both the law JS ?? P a , n , r . ^ ea / ter , that , to the poor , " « e law Md the Gospel were first preached . I am , respectfull y , dear Sir , yours , Li ™ P ° ' ., Wpril 3 rd . / oMftw *
The O'Connor Fund. Brought Forward, £4 9...
THE O'CONNOR FUND . Brought forward , £ 4 9 ^ 2 ( 1 . ; a friend , dotting- , ham , per J . Sweet , Is . 6 d . ; J . GiHott , ditto , 6 d Mr . Hudson , ditto , 3 d . ; W . Lnkin , ditto 3 d ; Kirk , 3 d . ; John Glcdtott , Longioy de-brid- . ; T . John Oldfiold , Hudderaficld , 5 s . ; Joser- ^ e , 5 s . ; ditto , 5 s . ; James Logan , ditto , ? ' ^ Oidfield , thinking friend , ditto Is . ; W * " w . ; a free Sni ' s End 2 s . Gd . ; Mr . Striu < - ''^ m Blackford ,
g , Is . : W . Stokes , Gratttou . ' ^' . per Mr . lleyuolds , 2 s .: Mr . Dixon , Is . ; P , &> ^ J Mr . Hitchcock , Is . Gd . Total , £ 6 0 ' - £ » P * Stringer , Sandbach , MONIES REf '"' lld From Sav * - EIVED * £ R mr . e . o ' cosnob Dawson c " P ort : ~" * D » wson , 2 s . 6 d ., W . Lee " » ' ^ s' 6 d'' * Bate 8 » ls «> « L Briggs , Is ., J . diD ' ^ s ., Sarah Lee , 6 cl . C . Hind , la ., J . Wad-- ri ton , 3 s . From Merthyr : —D . Lewis , 2 s . 6 d ., J .
oones , Gd . TO MH . JOH . V iRTOTT . Sir , —Therewith remit you a Post-office Order for 18 s , 6 d ., for the O'Connor Fund , from the undersigned Land members and a friend , which I shall thank you to publish , in order to induce others to do their duty . It is an example that ought to be copied hy thousands who h-ive urged Mr . O'Connor to conu " i : ued f-xi-rtions on their account , and who then promised to * 'Ually around him again and asaia" —promises which , for their own credit , 1 hope that they will fulfil—as by so doin / f they misled that ecntiemnn to eo on .
spending his own funds in a cause , which , for tho want of better support , has ao involved him as to bring on a state of mind worse than death . I therefore hope that every one wt'Jl exert himself according to his means , and where shillings cannot he < : ot » to gtt pence , » s a penny will not hurt the poorest , and may be tho means of saving a deserving individual from penury and want . To ihe "Old Guards ' ' 1 would say that the crisis Iws arrived when they should bestir themselves , and not tu allow such a stain to rest on the escutcheon of Democracy as that of ingratitude to the man who has spent bis thousands in their cause . If thoy do , can they ever expect a leader to devote himself to the cause of such a net of base ingrates , unless it be to repay them in their own coin ? Hoping that all will arou from their apathy en the subject , I remain , yours truly , , . John OidmbuJ .
_ P . S . —The parties aw all Land members but one , -nd will hand over their scrip to Mr , O'Connor any time > hen it will ba beneficial to him , and hope there are oW * of others that will do so too ; aad by that means he mav be able to get enough to become tho proprietor of O / Connorville , and thus become independent . John OldP . eld 5 . JohnGledhill , Longroyd-bridfje , 53 . ; Joseph Oldield . 5 s * James Loyam , 2 a . Gd . ; a Fre-athinking Friend , la UuddersBeld , April 6 th , 1852 .
The Present Crisis. A Ptthlic Meeting Wa...
THE PRESENT CRISIS . A ptthlic meeting was held on Wednesday evening at the Great Hall , Royal Mint-stroet , Borough . Th meeting was addressed hy Messrs . Jones , Finlen , and others . Resolutions connecter } with the duty c * the people to obtain political power , by means of tie 1 copies Charter , were unanimousl y agreed to , aad « ie meeting dispersed with a Tote of thanks to dr . High , the chairman .
Saxe A Wenl? Bb N Ser F A Bl0hsbs3 M»Dm»...
SAXE WEnL ? n SER f Bl 0 HSBS 3 M » Dm » ir » 3 k or IS WeS ~ mo e t r h I . , \ . Ili S hn 0 S 8 th B 0 Du ° ^ Ida of * ZZ £ 'S & FZ £ is fS of ^ r f 8 p o rince Dow of England , A ^ s ^ Ts ^ S , frii Jud « nw ° B , rien ^«? reamer , ' has just reached Gravesend on her way up theriver , andreports bavins been m senous collision with a Dutch merchantm-m » hii « «„„ ing . up Channel from Jb ^ K ^^ ff JJ dering of the vessel , and the somewhat narrow escape of the crew . The Dutch ¦ vessel proved to be tho Ann Bebecca i ^ iffss se ^ ssiff ^ ? ? ri ™ i 7 ,. oo , ifpro « dtob , „„„ , ™ J ? £ ™ neariiesa
cases ever urougni ueiore them i » « , n-. i . Irish girlappeared as the \ ictim . S $ g £ & t ** 2 fi % b'tolymamedtoaBoldierat OiffingfiiJS ^^ living with him for several months , and eivinn hwt 1 , ?« I for support , he disavowing her as his wife , the marriage aeremony , to carry out thni vile desi - l being aiwed { 0 fe ) l mere mockery . A parchment certificate of the niarriage and bearing tho name of the Rev . It . 0 . Leman mate of GiUingotunf was declared by that gentleman SS ^ Z ^
With a view of Wrowmg some light on the origin of the certificate in question , the magistrates determined on ra . inaadwgtbecaw . * vu
:. ."•¦ • F / J/;V Winding Up Of The Nat...
:. . "•¦ f / j /; V WINDING UP OF THE NAT / , toiu . Do cKniLt . ^ r / ? ¦ ¦ . ;¦ . i" ' / / ¦ : ¦ Sib , —I ? have at differed / , — . t >; ,, ,. » S S S S !* . ^ PKALpSD-C OMPA ^ qS ^ M ? ' / /^ , ^ I would write to ISfiiS . " / —¦ A } - W B con ° ected with tho SkSi ®^^ ' ^^ twniglnerally ; but for the proce ^ S ^ -x JSy ^ tmmml « dl attention to tho O'Connor J ^^ m . ot ^ Lasd Pompanr . Many questio' - . ^ ipsed Jipcejho mjufiction Vent forth Chan' * ^ . f Company should bo wound up : Tho pre' - < on until a certain date ; when , because Mr , r could not , from mental incapacity , master certain « £ /! outlivy 8 ni 1 wponditure , the Master in jery ¦ Determined to stay all prooeadings , and where at •« mt the matter rests , of
h *? n » i . ^ Shareholders this branch are anxious to wing before the said Msatsr , and the public , the necessity Mi . n » r ? preMI £ moment overlooking the Incapacity of Mii \ Ji „ i * t 0 gm Proper answers to the questions of th «« fi , ^ . ' nco mei a ° < l to proceed with the examination of NflwS K rect 0 u 5 . the Company . The members of tho S , ? . of tho Company havo resolved to hold a senes of meetings on tho subject of tho Winding-up of tha company , tho first of which will be held on Sundav , April Uto , at the Joiner ' s Hall , Newcastle-on-Tyne . hu ® ommit te * we also anxiouB to impress upon tho other branches of the Company , the necessity ot taking such steps as may force upon the Master in Chancery the fi « makm S aH possible speed in tha Winding-up of tneafilairs of the Company , seeing that the hard earnings mk any poor men are locIi ; ed up in the concern . iner members of the Newcastle branch trust that other oranohes of the Company will bestir themselves iathe same v lon , 1 , m I am , Sir , yours truly , Newcastle-on'Tync , April ? th . M . Judb .
W Olver Hampton Ooxvspiitaoy Case. Sir 6...
W OLVER HAMPTON OOxVSPIItAOY CASE . Sir 6- T 0 IHS BDlroR or the star , beer 'T i . ce o ^ " * last communication to you we have ««» / fW / i i f , 8 reat measure , successfully , agitai « l ^ f ^^ ASw ^ nd < m the above ease ; a / dallwe « mmS tL ' ed * lMlv ? pro , niaed t 0 do more or less to con-. ummate the great and substantial victory gained for labour mNovember last , m the Courtof Queen ' s Bench . ' immoj ; 0 wlng - ' amon £ other trades . » ve agreed to render immediate assistance :-The Joiners and Carpenters of Srs ^ fVn- ^ l ° f l 0 f { 0 ra their funds ; the Type £ 1 JEd ? nbl , h h h y h ' ^ '> the Moulde " Greenock and Ldinburgh , have each unanimously agreed to make a geneiLftJra °£ ° ? A I * " « - The TailSrsof Edinburgh , the Boot and Shoemakers , the Hatters , the Pine l ^ tTClr . ° ™ . havo all agreed ' toexert thornseires in procunnir assistatino tn «» r ^ !« , «««»;«» ii . _ j .
Wants from incarceration ; ™^ ^ «« . twL p ? alB 0 bad interviews with the United Block and S I ° S « Dler l ScotIand ' ffb 0 Remade an appeal to ail their Branches to raiso subscriptions for the object , misi SP day ' ^ , Pr » 13 ''d . we attended a General Delegate held in Paisley . There were from thirty to forty delegates E " T « i , T eSen , S Pai 8 le 7 ' Ohsgow , Greenock , Barri « l /? ti t 0 ne ' - > & ° ' - > aU of * bom ^ re deeply ul S nromn ?"'^ ; cx P re ? their determination to mil , M , t ? al ( 1 | fom . their respective localities and km t iwni U * ° Sbernngton , whose name and patriot-™ t 0 CTery reader of " Btw . " « ndered „ Jll and impoWast service . His appeal to the dele-S ? £ X ? m Ut 5 ! f '' tirrin ando ^ o"ve : Every word he uttered seemed to proceed from tho verv dnnth of hi .
iieart , and to reach the hearts of all present . We were CommS « 15 t ° n beha ! f of th 0 CeDtral S ) ,, S .. V letwn him our sincere thanks for his ra-SS 5 ? 8 , 8 tan . ? , •' and ff « tn « t that each member of their Association will adopt the same views , and act with the same earnestness and good feeling which governed Mr Sherrington , and which we believe actuated each delegate If so , a largo subscription will be tho result . S We , also , Mr . Editor , tender you our sincere and bearfcfeltgratitude , for tho ableand disinterested manner that ha 8 characterised your powerful advocacy of Labour's Riehts and we trust those whose cause you so nooly defend will render you that assistance you so ^ minently deserve ' The improved , intellectual , and moral tone of « The Star »' i « eausfactory to every intelligent and right-thinking mind . We are , yours , < fcc ., Edward DoMrnRiKs , Mnburgh , April 6 , 1852 . ***"" * BuRS '
To The Edjtob Of The Star. Sib,-I Find I...
TO THE EDJTOB OF THE STAR . Sib ,-I find in the columns of your valuable iounial that of 'S kSH n ? ° H tt 0 b ? ^ ed to replen ff he fund 0-fV . nnnr S'f "ll Pat ™ tie gentleman , Mr . Feargus ? nSf h « J ! 5 ° h- e nob , e and T bmnane P « neiples forced Sim to act beyond his means . I regret exceedingly to find it leTef " ofT 0-lnL ° V' ° luiltary a ^ Ufwn for the lenet or Mr . 0 Connor , whoso property and nnsifinn in society iboDM place him beyond * „ W ; fit , iff 2 w other good men , he has attended to the wan tl ^ and necef I ties of others , and totally neglected the interest of himself 1 have known Mr . O'Cwiflorfor thirty years , and I ff H sal without fear that a more noble or gLerous-minded S mysoork liT ? i hafcg ? n 5 eman - "& SB SAW Slh . . eeB 0 » rt ^ toray house ( the Egmont Arms Dotel at Kanhirk ) by about ton thousand of as honest men as any county contains . Yes ; and Mr . O'Connor deserved
voted to thVw , y ow "M » wnole life and study was deornnnftA / elfare 0 f v felIow man " 1 haT » known Mr . 2 r ? J «* . rf 8 ITBmnoh . of hfa ? aluable timeaDd s P B « d whote h ^ hf T ^ f bri ^ tojusticea number ' of men Ye f If ut cb " yatWa torgrassnill is beyond description , tim ; i tt * ° oca 8 , on Mr « ° Connor ' s valuable talents , 2 m « S / ' Wore 8 ? ' a , ld nOTor did » an , or hST » K d 0 n , 0 re l t 0 bringdown vengeance upon the heads of those murderers . I bee toij wm mi * « , V „ , ^» SH- "» # S « eeryes tne support of every good man I da narnoif lv Pill wffiS ^^ «? , VtocTrfSward O'Connor out of w , i « ° u- Mpin * hand to draw Mr - TOS ? JerVn ? ti « S . fft ° ^ ' * O'Connor ' s endeaable E " ~ "W » twnaMhey were just and reasonaoie . ae was , and 19 , only seek n * th « ^ i » h >« n f hi . a . ii « -
Sft SZbKS ^ F 5 ^ the Vnd * What is tShnTSt ' stu ° d hSfd t' i ^ hoBom bto ttd sitt ^ nAr ^ s aaS © tS ? a « s & sk * He hi a cSntrv ^* ° * ?&** tbe w « lfi » re of his friends . ^ SBaSaST ' t 0 tb 0 d ~" abfo t SntofiS £ /^ a 9 k » ' what i 8 mow «»« i » iu wants of his fellow ormtn » . « q "f to coaslder the sonwi & vwww S -I Such a 'ant of common ^^^^^^ S ^^^ ff ^ SbSl
^^^ ZfJS T th cark To f business , and men who must K ? iv you . . haTe men oi ensure their honesty ; Zffit ? ' Uffie ' S 088 K to come undutiful servant ^ itLn , Si , they transgress , or becharged in twelve moStls' ° Uld bc J , abie to be d , s " tb & ErelotVZ ?? t 0 ° limited « ft there anyusedt toX « , t * tbat becau I do not possess wbat ' l S « -orS ^ i " aDOt VOte for a m ™ ' of Parlia - rcnt h 7 ? s not L l CaMe a man doea noi an inconvenient 5 i « ££ ? . ? ^ Javeavoice in tho c hoice of an » . ? , ? « PPn ? e ? se-nonsenBe-downri 2 ht nonsense ,
To The Edjtob Of The Star. Sib,-I Find I...
. , . VI call uponevery . tot ^ to ^ come fdrwwd- . first . tohilpjM / . O'Connor out of hirdigtoolties ; next , to agitate ' & $ / ac . .. rights . V I . do . iiot bnly . calUupon Chartists , fori ' 0 hW J & ' that every honest ,. well-meaning mind is a ' Chtttisy \ <" believe her Most GraoiOBsiM . ajesty , if she uu ^ rsjf 7- k * . wants of her people , i » , pr would , bq ,. a . Onanist . / •>/" nothing unfair , ribtbing . disloyal in a . QW -,,. ) / ' should not befound ' ani' pngst them . ; ' , ' / : , £ " > ¦ - ' -1 have the honour-to ^ remain , withgroay ' - ^ isH ? Albert Street , Shoreditoh . / j ' tegM t . - ' :. T ? n « ll llnrtn OTArW ^ 9 ^ 'VWA «~ - ^^ L Ji ^ iS 0 » "i'i ' viilwiTjrM
T~-^Mmamimfa—Bi— • —,¦—¦.. 1 **Mi, ©O=Watfoe Stttekffiim
T ~ - ^ mmamiMfa—Bi— — , ¦—¦ .. 1 ** mi , © o = Watfoe SttteKffiiM
C0.0pj!Bariye Gonfeuenob. On Sunday Last...
C 0 . 0 PJ ! BAriyE GONFEUENOB . On Sunday last a well-attended and interesting meeting { composed of representatives and friends of several associative experiments ia the district , ) was held in the rooms ' of the Bradford Co-operative Society , for the purpose 0 * advising , hearing reports of the progress of the movement , ? na to consider the practicability of uniting the societies in the district into a closer union , for mutual advantages , and tho purchase and distribution of goods . A preliminary meeting having been held in tho earlier part or the day , it was announced by the Secretary , thafc the following societies had responded to tho invitation to attend the Conference represented by the following gentlemen— *
; Redemption Society :-Mr . David Green * and Sfa Holmes ; Leeds Co-operative Society : —Mr . Bgsleston ,-Mr . Richard Oones , and Mr . Hole ; Bradford Co . operative Sooiety :-Mr . Thomas Carr , and Mr . Hudson ; H & lifai Society :--Mr . James Foreman ; Pudsey : —Messrs . Israel Shaw , William Grange , William Wilcoek , and Henry Gambles ; Huddersfield :-Mr . S . Pitkethley , jun ., Mr . France Wilden , and Mr . Jones Brookshank ; Bingley : — Mr . Thomas Foster ; Howarth :-Mr . Joseph Wood . — Yeadon Co-operative Society :-Mr .- Joseph Marshall ; Yeadou Working Man ' s Society . :-Mr . James Preston . At the preliminary meeting , after hearing reports , of the presentposition of the movements the district , and coueider * ing . tae necessity of making all purchases in the test markSts —giving , however , a preference to estafBlisflments . based on the associative prinoiple ~ it was decided to' brine the ' subject before the friends intending to asseni & ft ffi tUti aiternooh .
Upon re-assembling at two o ' clock , it was found Mi rf goodly muster of the more active supporters of tho causa m the district had met together . Mr , Holmes , of Leeds , was called upon to preside , who , after some pertinent remarks upon the subject , requested , tha delegates present to givo such reports on the state of their several experiments as their actual position enabled them to do . Mtam . Vwtnnm , Carr , It . Jones , Pitkethley , Preston , fc / gsleaton , and Hole , favoured the meeting with their ex- * penence and views on the subject . Mr . Coukciuor Rawsos , of Bradford , gave a lengthened account of the rise and progress of the Flour Mill Society in that town . '
Mr . Lutcd Josbs , who happened to he in the district , favoured the meeting with an account of the present posi * tion of the Central Agency , and of tha stato of the Cooperative Movement generally . The opinion expressed by most of tbe speakers on the practice of giving bonuses to the purchasing members , was to the etteot that such practice , however much it might in the infancy of the movement tend to make it attractive , must militate against the importance it would otherwise acquire , if capital was allowed to accumulate . . "J ! of the members present expressed a strong wish that the Central Agency should extend its operations to the provision trade generally , by establishing a branch in Liverpool , as it was a department of their operations in which the Stores found the greatest difficulty to effect satisfactory and beneficial purchases . The same speaker intimated his willingness to advance a little spare cash in the undertaking , provided it was taken up by the Central Aaen » -y . Ou the motion of Mr . Hois , seconded by Mr . A . Bud win , the fallowing resolution was agreed to : — ob
sZi . 1 ? . ^? T i « ofc "i * e establishment of Co-oper » ttts btores heing to promote generally increased communication be " . tTveen the members of similar societies , with a view to mutual , economic , and trading advantages , this meeting is of opinion that a mora frequent intercourse , for the purpoie of organising , from timctotime , arrangementiinthepurchiisinir and disributfon of good , more especially the products ( if any } of societies , bated on similar principles , ia the districts , has now become desirable . The following resolution was then submitted to the meeting , and agreed to : —
That , with a view to carry out thfl foregoing resolution , thla meeting advises that a aeries of meetings bo held in the tihtrkt , , dur ng the ensuing summer , for the purpose of reporting progreai , , nonaing , and , wherever practi aole , entering into arrangements ; for mutual advantages in trading ; and that such meetings be held i in the depots , or other convenient place of the re « pectlve Stores . A suggestion was here made by Mr . Bwcrborw , that at ; the next meeting the officers of each store should como 1 prepared to enter into any joint purchases that might bo 1 deemed requisite , should it then appear that any advan- tages might accrue therefrom .
A resolution , appointing the next meeting to be held at ; Bradford on the Sunday preceding Whit Sunday ; and I another , requesting Mr . Barker to forward a report of the j day's proceeding to " The Star , " « Leeds Times , " «• Glas- - gow Sentinel , " " Leader , " and " Journal of Association , " ' were proposed to the meeting , and adopted . Thanks were given to Mr . Holmes for his services in pre- 1 . siding , and the meeting adjourned to partake of a cuu of tea * provided hy the Bradford friends . «""*««?« W » > >
La.Test Foreign News. F3lai?Ce.~.P4rrs, ...
LA . TEST FOREIGN NEWS . F 3 lAI ? CE . ~ . P 4 Rrs , Tnursday .-. The French government it has granted SO . OOOf for » monument to Marshal ley . ° f Ap . —A decree was published ou the 5 th instant , at A Madrid , annihilating the liberty of tho press , establishing g a censorship , the government to suspend and suppress s journals at pleasure .
Riot At Babrington Couiert, Northumdeman...
Riot at Babrington Couiert , Northumdemanp—Tho 0 pitmen in the employment of Messrs . Longridge and Com- ipany , at Barriugtou Colliery , near Blythe , on the eca coast t of Northumberland , received notice about six weeks ago 0 that at the expiration of a month , the period for which a , they were hired , new regulations would come intofarcaw ^ * the effect of which would be a partial reduction o ^ gj ^ , ' a , ';'; The number of men and hoys employed at WWhW '~ im & ^ about 200 . At the expiration of the monthf ai * Sw flHp them refused to work at the reduced ^ Ws ^ thSyv ^ " - . were orderd to quit their houses , to make © yT ^ r ^ w- ^ * ^'
-men who were willing to worfe at ths to * m | lMcf * d-I > 4-I > > This they refused to do , and on Tuesday a fd & ftla ^ iac ^ -J ^ -J 0 ment was attempted . The men , however , ^ tolo ^ Br ^ Br--groat force with sticks and stones , Tho polic & # S'J ^& - •&¦ ' vpowered , and several of the party were seveiily 7 iojte &' " '" with blows from the bludgeons of the pitmen . Ifed fflW *& i & ' ¦ were then applied for , and early on Tucsday - rES r ^ rr troop of infantry was despatched by a soeoial tMJrNKJVA ^ - New ^ castle barracks . Their appearance at in / - n / TTTr the outrage . Ten families wore Sed La f " l i encampments by the roadside . TQeniil ! tZd Ahey ^ f f l and further proceedings were Btiirf w 7 tbe ? i f » i » - leading rioters arfl in ««» I i ayed " Flve or 81 X of tho ho 1 toS £ S tu ^ Thereductioa is notconfinod od l JSjI ^ feriS ^ he diTtlic ^ Al 100 ^ ^^ nded to many othe e
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 10, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10041852/page/1/
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