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A R ing ontfor a hew settlementpreferrin...
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ptftTg..n-^ *——
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t LIFE IN; LONDON. «Thecaamp ofthe steed...
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^ eorettft.
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The Saxon in Ireland; or, the JCamotes o...
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Social Statics; or the Conditions essent...
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— " «» Taifs Magazine. May. London : Sim...
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PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. The Girlhood of S...
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The Koh-i-noor a real " Mountain op Lioh...
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vuewm
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Constancy often contains as much obstina...
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Beware of Ten Shilling Quacks who imitate this Advertisement.
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A R Ing Ontfor A Hew Settlementpreferrin...
Max lO ^ i . THE NORTHERN ST A R . ~ " " Vnlml ¦ ¦ 'T "' ¦ " : : —* " ^ ^ — ^———— ¦ ¦ "
Ptfttg..N-^ *——
ptftTg .. n- ^ *——
T Life In; London. «Thecaamp Ofthe Steed...
t LIFE IN ; LONDON . « Thecaamp ofthe steeds on the silver bit , »«\ hev whirl the rich man ' s chariot by ; The hWs whine as he looks at it-But it «« s too fastior charity ; K & on the street of the poor man's broom , fiff W * *»« walks toherpalace-home , iT «; silken skirt may . catch no dust ; On her si ^ en bnsme ' s & incn who masb ? ^ eu- ner cents , by tha pacesihey take ; 000 J « f tlSbabe unheard of its mother , £ ?? it lie on her breast , while she thinks of ^ ySerday whereitwul not wake ; ' £ 1 flWer girl ' s prayer to buy roses and pinks ,
TfcM out in the smoKe UKe stars by day ; Twin-door ' s oath , that hollowly chinks Gnflt npon erief and wrong upon hate ; The cabman ' s cry to get out of the way ; The dustman ' s call down the area-grate ; The young maid ' s jest and the old wife ' s scold ; The haggling talk of the boys at a stall ; The Bght in the street which is bached for gold ; The plea of the lawyers in Westminster-hall ; The drop on the stones of the blind roan ' s staff , is he trades in bis own griefs sacredness ; The brothel ' s shriek and the Xewgate laug h ; The hum npon 'Change and the organ ' s grinding The grinder's face being nevertheless pry and vacant of even woe , While the children ' s hearts are leaping so
At the merry music ' s winding J The black-plumed funeral ' s creeping train , long and slow ( and yet they will go . As fast as Life , though it hurry and strain I ) Creeping the populous houses through , And nodding their plumes , at either side , At many a house where an infant , new To the sunshiny world , as just struggled and cried , — .... » . -j At many a honse where sitteth a bride Trying the morrow ' s coronals , With a scarlet blush to-day . Slowly creep tbe funerals , As none should hear the noise and say , « The living , the living must go may To multiply the dead 1 '" Poems Br Mbs . Bakbem Bbowsbb .
^ Eorettft.
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The Saxon In Ireland; Or, The Jcamotes O...
The Saxon in Ireland ; or , the JCamotes oj an Eng lishman in Search of a Settlement m the West of Ireland . London : Murray , iftns is one of the most hopeful hooks that has appeared on the subjectof Ireland . Its materials "were farniBhed by more than one trip to the west ; as the writer returned home , to report what he had seen , and to confer with Ida family and friends on his plans for the future . Much as we have heard of the fertility , and the varied capabilities of that misgoverned and unfortunate country , the
travels of this shrewd and intelligent "Saxon " proves that those statements fall even below the truth . In almost every part of the island Sources of wealth , the most valuable and abundant , lie latent and undeveloped , and at a time when our political economists are crying out about surplus population , and hundreds of thousands of small capitalists , operatives , and agricultural labourers , are flying to Canada , the United States , or our Australian Colonies , there is within a few hours sail a richer and more promising : field of enterprise left untouched ' On the folly of this conduct hear our sensible author . The extract contains at once the moral and the justification of his
took : — If was a joyous greeting that I received from my dear family , when ! once more found myself beneath the paternal roof . Though the absence in reality was short , to them it had appeared long , and they Jud begun to fear , from the somewhat enthusiastic tenor of my letters , that my tour would be prolonged , it was not long before my kind friend the curate joined us , eager to hear a thousand particulars , and anxious to discover the result of my observations as connected with our future plans . Bo £ " said he , archly , " I think there is no secret to communicate , we may fairly judge from all you have written to us , the warmth of which I confess
socptised me , that the antipodes are at a discount . 3 hi 3 delightful and convenient Muliingar railroad has lost Australia or the Canadas a right worthy and desirable emigrant . To reach Galway from London in four-and-twenty hours certainly sets a Dew face on things , and the Irish may depend upon this , that in spite of their factions , their polities , and their religious squabbles , the English ere long « iil discover how much better it is to settle in Donegal or Mayo , than to seek their fortunes beneath burning suns , or in the land of the wild Indian . Now , my dear friend , " continued the curate , " answer me this question , fairly and honestly ; with such a country as Ireland close at
hand , notwithstanding all her faults , do you turns any man in his right senses would ever think of seeking a settlement in Sew Zealand , at the Cape , or Port Phillip ? " "I think not , " replied I ; " and I may as well say at once , that my mind is made up to select out new home in the land I have so recently left . I cannot say that I have met with the exact place as yet ; but it is my intention to return in the ensuing spring or summer , and to resume my researches till 1 have made choice of onr location . I do not hesitate to confess tbat Ireland , in the fertility of its soil , the kindness and hospitality Of its people , and the beauty of its scenery , has far Surpassed my expectations . I am decidedly of
opinion , too , that fortune , respectability , and happiness may be found even there . " " I never doubted it , " said the curate , " and felt well assnred that your absurd English prejudices ( pardon me ) would speedily wear away , when you saw with yonr own eyes , and used your own judgment . Let a few English families cluster together , purchase , or take on lease , estates in the same neighbourhood , hold together , mutually assisting each other , 'keeping the unity ofthe spirit in the bond of peace , ' as the apostle advises , acting kindly and justly to the inhabitants , eschewing politics , not meddling with
the religion of others , hut quietly practising their own ; I repeat , let emigrant families act thus , and I , for One , would prefer Green Eria as a settlement to any country on the globe . And why sot ? Are sensible men to be scared with the interested exaggerations of unpatriotic speakers and writers , who would gladly drive industry and civilisation from their native shores in order to serve their own purposes ? Are the Irish worse than John Heki , and other native chiefs ? or are they more relentless than the Caftres , or the red Indians , or the canibals of Sorth Australia ?'
Our author was , however , too much a Saxon to come to a hasty or inconsiderate resolve . He spent the Christmas and the spring at home ; and in the following Jane he again set out for ConnaugM . In Erris , as it turned out , his destiny was laid . At the inn in Newport he met with , an at first uncommunicative , bat afterwards obliging stranger , who tamed oat to be not only Saxon like himself , hot a distant relative , and who for fourteen years had been a resident in one of the
remotest , and least civilised parts of Conranght The pair of Saxons rapidly grew fast friends . Indeed it would not be easy to say which had the strongest motives to cultivate the friendship of the other . The one wanted advice from one so well qualified to offer it , and the other wanted to secure , as a neighbour , one who proved to be not only of his own race , bat of bis lineage . Oar readers may readily infer that they did not rest until the wishes of both were gratified . The author of the work before us is now a
settler in Erris . He recommends his readers to do nothing that he has not set the example of himself . Ifc is all most pleasing to read and think of ; the adventures and surprises like those of a novel ; and yet , we have every reason to believe , the plain , unadorned fact , recounted with a frankness and simplicity that have quite an artistic effect . _ We must not conclude without giving a spe * chnen or two of the opinions of the guide , philosopher , and friend , whom oar author thus miraculously lit upon in the wilderness .
" I have never , however , " continued he , " re pented my choice of a . home , and never intend to leave i t- But new settlers will not iave the uphill game to play that I had . At the time that I * ekred amid the recesses of Erris there were no site ' © ads for carriages , and even snch as were dignified * uh that name , were mere horse-paths leading up the sides of the mountains , and passing through quaking hogs and dangerous morasses . Now , the communication is everywhere opened , markets are attainable , and the way is cleared for any farther toprovemenb that enterprise and capital may choose to effect And yet , atthis present moment , 1 could purchase the same tract of land which I now hold , were it in its primitive condition , for at « ast fifty per cent less money . " " That is all in tty Jfkvour , " . said I . " tike yourself , I am an En-S ^ h . refugee , and am sow actually engaged in look
The Saxon In Ireland; Or, The Jcamotes O...
ing ontfor a hew settlement , preferring Ireland to the colonies . " " And you are right , " ' replied Mr . S ., " there is not , in my . opinion , a comparison to be drawn . Setting all mere feelings aside , I believe , in the present position of this country , that a man can settle himself here on a more certain and favourable basis than anywhere else that I have heard or read of . The English , generally , from a most ridiculous and vulgar prejudice , never once turn their attention this way ; their sole idea of Ireland is associated with murder , faction fights , and agrarian outrages of all sorts . The extreme fertility of the soil ; the mildness of the climate , the present cheapness of tbe land to a purchaser , tbe real good qualities of the population , particularly , in these pHrta ; the vast maratime advantages within reach , the now rapid communication with England , and the consequent ulterior prospects ofthe country —ali-these are lost sight of by the present genera ^ iina tmt . fnr St nam aaMantani ' nw . ^^ T . nl .- ^
tion , to be improved and valued , probably , by toe next . " " And yet , " said I , " . you find exceptions ; and I believe that many far-sighted men are quietly investing their money here , with the absolute certainty , where purchases are made with judgment , of securing a most ample return . " " Yes , more than a mere ample return , I have , myself , known estates disposed of in some of the remoter districts , the annual rental of which , should times improve , as they roust and will do , ought to equal the sum total of the purchase money . But care should be taken in seeking out a purchase , and more in making one ; many considerations are involved , and a person may fancy that he has made a great bargain by giving fifteen years' purchase for what probably is not worth five . It is most difficult at present , in Ireland , to judge of real value by assumed rentals ; a prudent investor will put aside rental altogether , and have the land valued irrespectively of its alleged returns . "
Our readers will be anxious for a description of this gentleman ' s settlement in the wilds of Err is—and here it is : — As the object of my correspondence is not so much to describe to you men and manners as simply to state facts practically interesting and useful , I will not enter into all tbe details of what proved to me a pleasant and improving visit . Suffice it to say , I iound in Mrs . S—— a lady of refined manners and simple habits , devoted to her duties as a wife and mother . Shewas always cheerful . never boisterous , and thearrangements of her household were conducted without any appearance of noise or bustle . The furniture was plain , but handsome and substantial ; the floors , laid with polished bog-woody needed no carpets in summer ; and shining brass dogs on which the black turf was piled , took the . place of the more modern grate . In this , perhaps the most remotest and wildest part of Ireland , all
was English in arrangement and appearance . Cleanliness and plenty were band in band ; dirt and extravagance found no entrance there . One English and two Irish girls , under tbe immediate superintendence of their mistress , formed the in-door establishment ; and I was not a little pleased to notice tbat bare feet and bare legs were not tolerated . It was also delightful to observe the unaffected kindliness of manner , and the anxiety to render every little possible service , that pervaded all the inmates of this house . Selfishness was unknown where the greatest pleasure of each was to oblige . I never felt so entirely convinced of the often disputed truth , that retirement is the best soil in which to foster and mature the kindlier qualities of our nature . Contact with the world calls into activity passions which else had been dormant . The universal selfishness around us teaches us to be selfish ,
suspicion engenders suspicion , wrong invites wrong , and vice allures to be vicious . The out-door establishment at Glenduff was extensive . Mr . S—' ¦ — gave all orders , and everything about the farm was under his entire superintendence . But as he was obliged of ten to be absent at markets and attending sales , he had under bim a young man of about five-and-twenty , whom be had taken from an orphan seminary when about ten years old , and since brought up in his own regular and business-like habits . To him was committed the carrying out of orders , and he bad hitherto proved himself a devoted and faithful servant . He was everywhere and in everything ; his quick eye seemed to embrace every operation at a
glance ; and he conducted the matters entrusted to bim with such a quiet but cheerful zeal that it was manifest his pleasure was in his duties . Besides this man—whose name was Richard O'Malleywere a principal herdsmanand shepherd , theformer having two , the latter three lads under him . Two or three cottiers also resided up among the Mils , and to them was entrusted the keeping of the herds and flocks within bounds when the others were engaged in various duties nearer home . A ploughman , having a stout boy as assistant , lived adjoin * ing the farm-yard , and his wife managed the dairy , with the exception of two cows which-were specially retained for the supply of the house , and which were under the charge of the English girl . The abovementioned Richard , the herdsman , and three of the boys , lived together in a commodious and well-regulated building close to tbe house , and
on Sundays and holidays they were admitted to dine there in a spacious room which at other times was devoted to the general business of tbe establishment . Here was the hall of audience , and the great depository of rods , panniers , and tackle , with sundry guns and rifles , traps , and nets of every description . The morning after my arrival my host took me to inspect his farm-buildings . They were well planned , large , and substantial , consisting of two barns , ample cattle sheds well sheltered , a cow-bouse on the English plan , and , what much pleased me , a considerable water-power , applied to every necessary operation of grinding , crushing , cutting , & e . This stream he had diverted from a hollow in the hill behind ; and taking its rise from a small lough , it never failed in the requisite quantity , though used plentifully both in the farm and house for all common purposes .
Ample details are given as to the modes of reclaiming the waste land , which we are told is very different in its character from land of the same denomination in England . "Wastes in England are generally sandy or gravelly soils , hungry and repulsive to vegetation ; whereas in the west of Ireland most ofthe uncultivated bogs and tbe alluvial soils on tbe banks Of the rivers afford , by proper treatment in their reclamation , a source of certain profit . With regard to the farm of Glenduff , I have no hesitation in asserting that the annual . value , if let two years ago , would have equalled the price originally paid for the fee simple . All depends on the caution and iudgment of the purchaser . There are large tracts
of land in the west of Ireland which it would be j absurd to purchase at any price ; for instance , those overspread with huge holders of granite , and those rocky plains where it wonld be difficult to find two or three acres in any one spot on which a plough could work ; but , on the other hand , there are districts comprehending many thousands of acres , where every square yard has its value , atid where lands may be purchased , and farms " rented , for a price lower far than even colonial agents wonld ever dream of . A great portion of western Mayo comes under this description , and I would above all others particularise Erris , which contains a most improvable superficies of many thousand acres . As a settlement , the west of Ireland presents advantages unknown to other districts which ignorant men are running after and colonising The expenses of reclaiming land in any of our
colonies are greater than in Ireland ; wages are higher , labourers scarcely to be had at any price ; houses are let at high rents , markets are uncertain , carriage of produce expensive and difficult , morals are at a low ebb ; there is no security against the aborigines , a man ' s life and property being in continual jeopardy tor years . Witness Northern Australia , Sew Zealand , and the settlements north of tbe Cape . Whereas in the northern districts of the west of Ireland offences against the law are rare ; the cowardly outrages of Tinnerary are unknown ; a numerous and bardy population wait to be employed , and regard the employer as their greatest benefactor . The roads are good , the harbours deep and well sheltered , the country beautiful and fertile , and there is a ready market for stock and for every description of produce . The caution against confounding the bogs and wastes of Ireland with the moorlands and
mosses of England , was greatly needed . The geological conformation and meteorological influences of Ireland , are essentially different from those in England ; and the same words , descriptive of the same state of nature or neglect , imply very different degrees indeed of productiveness or reclaimability . The Irish bog is , like the Ir ish character , a- thing sui generis ; and , like the latter , immensel y improvable by care and cultivation . But we must conclude , and we do so by asking the question , why Foreign Emigration should be encouraged , when sueh a land as this calls aloud for capital and labour ?
Social Statics; Or The Conditions Essent...
Social Statics ; or the Conditions essential to Human Happiness specified , and the first of them Developed . By Herbert Spencer .. London : Chapman . Has man a moral sense ? Has he , as the poets have always taught , an innate power of discerning r ight from wrong ? This is a question on which law-givers and metaph ysicians have written libraries of books , —and " that it is not yet settled either way , Mr , Herbert Spencer ' s work is another proof . Shaftesbury ia generally placed . at the head of those who answer in the affirmative—Bentham of those
Social Statics; Or The Conditions Essent...
whose reply is in the negative . The systems which follow , in the rear of Shaftesbury ' s moral sense , ' though varying in their names , are essentiall y the same . Reid ' s « Common Sensei ' .. Price ' s- . 'Understanding , ' Clarke ' s 1 Fitness of . Things , ' . Granville Sharp ' s « N atural Equity , ' and so forth , are a ll founded on the theory , that there exists in the human mind an intuition of ri ght—a sense of justice—entirel y independent of the outward lessons of .... _ " i _ • ,, - ¦ ..- « i .
the world . This idea Bentham denounced as 'an . anarchical-and capricious principle ; founded solely upon internal and peculiar feelings ; ' audit is rejected by a ll the various schools of moral and political thinkers who have received theirinspiration . from his works . Onits rejection the doctrine , of Expediency is based . Admit a moral sense , audit is clear that the r ight must also be the expedient : — hence ; Expediency , as a rule of public policy , would he superfluous . ¦ ¦'¦¦*¦
Between these thinkers Mr . Spencer proposes to arbitrate . Bentham rejects the moral sense , because it : is anarchical and capricious—not the same in all ages and nations . , His disciples triumphantly exclaim : What is the moral sense of the Chinese infanticide—of the Malay glorying in acts of piracy —of the Thug who murders men in . the name of piety—of the Russian who prides himself on cheating his friend—of the Iroquois with his undying thirst for revenge ? Were there a moral sense in man , its responses
must be the same in every individual oi the race : the moral responses are not the same , — ergo , there is no moral sense ; This , we believe , is a fair statement of the Bentham argument ! That the theory is misconceived , and the inference here drawn false , Mr . Spencer entertains no doubt . The mistake consists in assuming that ,- if a moral sense exists its responses must of necessity be uniform under all conditions . Take an analogous case . Locke and Kantmaterialists and spiritualists—all admit the existence of the geometrical sense , the fundamental basis of exact science . This sense takes
cognisance of surfaces and linear dimensions , and of the relations which they bear to each other . Yet on comparing notes , it would be found that individuals vary greatly in their ideas of such linear dimensions and relations ; and it is only by striking out the single cases of error that we can obtain geometrical truths . This must be the case in morals . The geometrical sense is not the science of geometry , — nor is the moral sense the science of morals . The first enables us to' arrive at certain necessary axioms , —as , the whole is greater than its part—things which are equal to the same thing are equal to each other , —and so on : but
of itself , unaided and uncultured , it would not teach ua the properties of squares , circles , and parallelograms . The Bushman cannot count five , —the Australian does not see that two and two makes four ; but to infer on this account that these lower races are minus the geometrical sense , wonld he hasty and illogical . So with the Thug and the Malay . To expect that the moral intuition should * enable men to solve ethical problems , is to expect more than is reasonable . Each spiritual faculty has its
own work to perform . « As it is the object of the geometrical sense to originate a geometric axiom from which reason may deduce a scientific geometry , —so it is the office of the moral sense to originate a moral axiom from which reason may develope a systematic morality . ' This is the task which Mr . Spencer has undertaken . By an inquiry conducted throughout with clearness , good temper , and strict logic , he arrives by various routes at the same conclusion : —That the end of all endeavour should
be to confer happiness ; and the mean by which alone this end can be gained is , a determination to do that which is just and right in all cases without regard to conditions , precedents , or consequences . The doctrines of Expediency , Divine Right , Feudalism , Serfdom and Inequality , are proved to be erroneous , and set aside calmly but thoroughly ; and in their stead a theory of moral science and a philosophical democracy are proposed . The nature of the subject prevents our'following the argument further ; but it is due to our readers and to Mr . Spencer equally that we exhibit one or two specimens of the clear method and varied knowledge -which he brings to the illustration of his theme .
Instead , however , of making our selection from the more abstract portion of the work , we take the practical application of his principles to private property in land . Never before was landlordism so logically and remorselessly demolished . He thus states the hearing of the law of Equity on the matter : — Given a race of beings having like claims to pursue the objects of their desires—given a world adapted to tbe gratification of those desires—a world into which such beings are similarly born , and it
unavoidably follows that they have equal rights io the use of this world . For if each of them " has freedom to do all that he wills provided he infringes not the equal freedom of any other , " then each of them is free to use the earth for the satisfaction of his wants , provided he allows all others the same liberty . And , conversely , it is manifest tbat no one , or part of them , may use the earth in such a way as to prevent the rest from similarly using it ; seeing that to do this is to assume greater freedom than thereat , and , consequently , to break the law . Equity , therefore , sternl y and distinctly Says * there can be no property in land
';Passing from the consideration of the possible to that of the actual , we find yet further reason to deny the rectitude of property in land . It can never be pretended that the existing titles to such property are legitimate . Should' any one think so , let him look to the chronicles . Violence , fraud , the prerogative of force , the claims of superior cunning —these are the sources to which those titles may be traced . Tbe original deeds were' written with tbe sword rather than the pen ; not lawyers , but soldiers were the conveyancers : blows were the current coin given in payment ; and for seals , blood was used in preference to wax . Could valid claims be thus constituted ? Hardly . And if not , what becomes of the pretensions of all subsequent holders of estates so obtained ? Does sale or
bequest generate a right where it did not pre * viously exist ? Would the original claimants be nonsuited at the bar of reason , because the thing stolen from them had changed hands ? Certainly not . And if one act of transfer can give no title , can many ? No ; though nothing be multiplied for ever , it will not produce one . Even the law recognises this principle . An existing holder must , if called npon , substantiate the claims of those from whom he purchased or inherited' his property . ; anil any flaw in the original parchment , even though the property should have bad a score of intermediate owners , quashes his right . " But time , say some , "is a great legaliser .
Immemorial possession must betaken to constitute a legitimate claim . That which has been held from age to age as private property , and has been bought and sold as such , must now be considered as irrevocably belonging to individuals . " To which proposition a willing assent shall be given when its propoundera can assign it a definite meaning . To do this , however , they must find satisfactory answers to such questions as—How long does it take for what was originally a . wrong to grow into a right ? At what rate per annum do invalid claims become valid ? If a title gets perfect in a thousand years , bow much more than perfect will it be in two thousand years ?
—and so forth . For the solution of which they will require a new calculus . Whether it may he expedient to admit claims of a certain standing , is not tbe point . We have here nothing to do with considerations of conventional privilege or legislative convenience . We have simply to inquire what is the verdict given by pure equity in the matter . And this verdict enjoins a protest against every existing pretension to the individual possession of the soil ; and dictates the assertion , tbat the right of mankind at large to the earth ' s surface is still valid ; all deeds , customs , and laws , notwithstanding .
The common argument is that , when a man reclaims land , expends bis labour on it , making Jt by-his improvements valuable , arable , from mere marsh or waste that it was before , his labour has erected a property which no other man can dispute . This Mr , Spencer thus answers : — You say truly , when you say that" whilst they were unreclaimed these lands belong to all men . And it is my duty to tell you that they belong to all men still ; and that your " improvements , ' as you call them , cannot vitiate the claim of all men . You may plough and ; harrow , and sow and reap ;
Social Statics; Or The Conditions Essent...
you may turn over the soil as often as you like ; ^ lvm , rrLi l nipulation 8 wi 11 fail to make that you ? vm , £ ^ 8 uppose nm in the course of which 5 n !^ gS ? ° . «^ e upon an . empty house , Scv- ^ nl n , t ° 5 it 8 diIaPidated state tales your t your S « SC ttiat ™ th the intention of making renaWnc , , f - I ex P end mttch t { ™ * nd t ™ ble & ffioie-SteT ^ H ?* b ™* itjfl to a ha " day a S Suppose further , tha f on some fatal SL ? SJh r "Munoe d » ' , rho t ««> 8 out to 1 » and 5 to , * h 011 " th » . houBe has , been' bequeathed ; necessaJv n ^ r ^ ^ - eir 5 s PrePared *&* al 1 ^ ? our T 2 £° 0 fs of h } a ^ entity ; what becomes of tit ^ tSt vcm en , l »» ¦ ««* . # * you a valid oKSfeti D 0 the ^ ua 3 f Otitic of the
vou a * 'iM ?? \ d 6 7 ? ur Peering operations give tKw v * ° tu * -h « Ml . Either do they quash Ke WW ftT ^ claima nfc-the humaVrace al'ffl ^ . 'I f b ^ est to . mankind . All men AM & Sl !! * * l-7 ° * ¦ *** & the . number , acerfc , ° ? - bare taken - « P your residence on biSSW ' * ' ' and haTO subdued , cultivated , Sr . iri c psrt ~™ Pr 07 edit as you say , you ™ J $ ? , ^? fore » warranted in appropriating it a ? entirely , private property .- At least if you do ^ Stim ^ S y justly expolled by Again :- ^ - uiifk * aU » n ° b . 9 dy does implicitly believe in landjordism . We hear of . estates being held under the king , thaiia , the State ; or of their being kept in trust tor the public benefitand not that they are
; the inalienable possessions of their nominal owners . Moreover , wedaily deny landlordism by our legislation . Is a . canal , a railway , or a turnpike road to be nude ? We do not scruple to seize just as many acres as may be requisite ; allowing ' -the holders compensation for the capital invested . We 00 not wait for consent . An act of Parliament supersedes , the authority of title deeds , and serves proprietors with notices to quit , whether they will or not Either this is equitable , or it is not . Either the public are free to resume as much ofthe
earth ' s surface as they think fit , or tho titles of the landowners must be considered absolute , and all national works must be postponed until lords and and squires please to part with the requisite slices of their estates . If we decide that the claims of individual ownership must give way , then we imply that tbe right of the nation at large to the soil is supreme—tbat tbe right of private possession only exists by general . consent—tbat general consent being withdrawn , it ceases—or , in other words , that it is no right at all .
The supporters of the . proposition for the nationalisation of the land will find a stovehouse of argument in Mr . Spencer ' s book .
— " «» Taifs Magazine. May. London : Sim...
— " «» Taifs Magazine . May . London : Simpkin , Marshal ) , and Co . " The Great Exhibition " is the first of a long list of excellent and varied articles , in this number . " Craigallan Castle " increases in interest as , the tale progresses , an observation which equally applies to the series of papers entitled "The Working Man ' s Way in the World . " With the exception of a critique by De Quincey , upon " Lord Carlisle ' s Lecture on
Pope , ' the other articles are mainly resumes of the most important and interesting works recently puhliBhed , and are done in the satisfactory manner for which Tait has been so long famed . The political article on '' The Whig Family Compact , " is a smartly written summary of the events connected with Lord John ' s sham resignation , in which the trickery ofthe family party , and the short-comings ofthe socalled Liberal party in Parliament , are duly shown up . Altogether this number is well calculated to maintain the reputation of Tait .
Publications Received. The Girlhood Of S...
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED . The Girlhood of Shakespeare ' s Eeroines . Tale YI Isalella , the Votaries . By Mahy Cowdbh Clarke .. Smith and Son , Strand , Poems and Notes to the People . By Erxest Jones No . I . Pavey , London .
The Koh-I-Noor A Real " Mountain Op Lioh...
The Koh-i-noor a real " Mountain op LiohtJ " —A fatality has hitherto attended the possession of the Eoh-i-Noor diamond ; on which account , now that it has fallen into her Majesty's hands , superstition might counsel the Queen to get rid of it , as soon as possible . A considerably better reason , however , wh y our Sovereign might be recommended to dispose' this piece , of crystallised carbon , is , that by selling it for what it would fetch , she might be enabled to sport a much more splendid jewel in that crown , which may she wear long before changing it for a better ! The Koh-i-noor would fetch a sum which might be invested in a munificent royal foundation for educational purposes . This proposal is more especially seasonable
just now that we are all—that is , all rational and honest men—considering how best to counteract papal machinations . We cannot oppose the Pope and his servile emissaries more effectually than by disseminating knowledge . Ignorance is said to be the Mother of Devotion ; which is quite true—though only . true as regards that devotion that venerates nail-parings , images , anatomical preparations , and other tilings of a similar nature to tbe objects worshipped by aboriginal negroes . But how is it , then , that so many " clever men , " as Father Newman and bis confederates boast , have gone over to Rome ? . ' in consequence of their stupidity , and not of their cleverness , Moat of those who have turned Papists have been persons whose acquirements are
confined to the ancient languages , and whose philosophy extends no further than the wordy speculations of the praters , of old . A considerable number of these erudite converts may be very well informed on the subject of Greek or Hebrew roots , but it is questionable if many of them know the stamens from the pistils of a buttercup . No Faradays , no Brandos , no Whewells , no Sedgwicks , have prostrated themselves at the feet of the Pope and Dr . Wiseman , An acquaintance with the sublime laws , and the masterly handiwork which govern and characterise the universe , will prevent any one who has the least idea of stylo , from mistaking for other than human the imbecile ordinances and clumsy fabrications of priestcraft , Oxford , learned only in the learning of pedagogues ; asinine in regard to natural science ; has been the chief nursery for
Rome . The ' . ' clever men" who have joined the church of the Inquisition have only done , late in the day ,. what the slightest logical perception wouW , with their principles , have made them do years ago . The royal commission , it is to be hoped , will correct the monkery of Oxford , by Forcing the study of creation ' s realities on that great grammar school . Still , there is a large proportion of the working classes , and a vast mass , of pauperism , almost , if not quite ,. as ignorant as Oxford of those truths , the knowledge of which is the surest safeguard of the understanding against the delusions of Roman or any other imposture or insanity . Could the Koh-i-Noor be converted into the means of dispelling this darkness , it wou'd be indeed what its name implies—a true " mountain of light . "Punch .
Nationai , Education . —The following petition to tbe House of Commons has obtained a very large number of signatures in Birmingham : - That it is the opinion of your petitioners , that in order to diminish intemperance , misery , and crime , and to promote morality and the best interests of all classes a large extension of education among the people is necessary . That the principle on which the assistance of the state is at present extended for educational purposes is manifestly erroneous , inasmuch as aid is given in an inverse ratio to the necessities of the people , and is conveyed chiefly through the medium of tbe various religious denominations , and it therefore must be partial in its effects , and it must . fail . to reach a large , and that
the most degraded portion of the community , while it tends to . perpetuate and embitter the spirit of sectarianism . That any system of public schools likely to he generally acceptable to the people of this country , and to meet tho complicated difficulties of the question must be supported by' local rates , and managed by the local authorities elected by the ratepayers especially for that purpose , with right of free admission to all under suitable regulations and without religious distinctions . That in order that the rights of conscience may be . effectually secured , it should be a fundamental rale that nothing should be taught in oi tne
any said schools which favours the peculiar tenets of any religious sect or denomination . That this system , instead of injuriously affecting the interests of religion , would materially aid the efforts of the teacher of religion , and would do much to soften the asperities and remove the prejudices of sects and parties . Your petitioners , therefore , pray that an act may be passed by your honourable house for the establishment of a general system of secular instruction to be supported by local rates ( levied on the same assessments ' as the poor rate ) , and managed by iooai " anth 6 rities elected by the ratepayers specially for the purpose . "
Arrival of Four Monster Casks op Wins . — The ship Traveller , ' Captain A . It . Henderson , from Cadiz , brought into the London Docks , on the 1 st of May , four monster casks of rare sherrv wine . These casks , are said to be the largest ever known ; 2 , 900 the larger ones-duty £ 833 158 . A Fmum at a Bibtb . —Mrs . Ohegriell , of Saffron Walden , last week gave birth to four daughters , all of whom are living , and the mother is " as well as one can expect . "
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Constancy Often Contains As Much Obstina...
Constancy often contains as much obstinacy as real affection . ¦ . ... A Woman ' s birth-place is the spot where she has most loved . Ignorance . —The cure of ignorance and Study , us meat is that of hunger-Cons —In what does a tanner resemble a chemist ? —In his knowledge of px ( h ) ides . Why does a railway clerk cut a hole in yourreturn ticket ?—To let you pass through . Wisdom . —It is a sign of wisdom to be willing to receive instruction . 'I Beside YoursbiP , "— " You took as if yott . wM-e beside yourself , " as the wagsaid toa fellow who stood by a donkey . Religion . —More persons fall out concerning the right road to Heaven , than ever get to the end of their journey .
Young Ladies educated to despise mankind , generally finish their . studies by running away with the footman . DiNNBa . '—An old gentleman , being asked what he wished for dinner , replied , "An appetite , good company , something to eat , and a napkin , " SelftRbproach . —Nothingis so burthensometous as self-reproach ; and we are always glad to cast a part of its load upon the shoulders of other people . A Warning . —When you say farewell to a mistress take care not to shake hands with her . In such cases . women hare always some bird-lime on the tip of their
fingers . Duel ^ —A strange old custom , according to which men suffering from inflammation attempt to cure themselves by bleeding somebody else . ' . Provincial ' . beauties arrive daily in town , with cheeks such as strawberries wear , and hearts so light they can ' t keep their feet on the smooth pavement . Kindness . —Witty sayings are as easily lost as the pearls . slipping off a broken string ; but a word of kindness is seldom spoken in vain . It is a seed which , even when dropped by chance , springs up a flower . . . . . .
_ To Pbeserve Books from Insects . —Introduce into , every volume some leaves ot a pungent odour , such as rosemary , or submit them to the vapour of oil of turpentine . v Industry may be considered as the purse , and frugality as its strings , which should rather be tied with a bow than a double knot , that " the contents may not be too difficult of access ; for reasonable purposes . The Census . —If any ladies there be who have exaggerated their youth in the census returns , a venerable dame in Inverness has atoned for their defective memories by reporting her " age last birthday" to have been 705 !
Pabsnips . —Those whobave gardens or small allotments of land are strongly adyised to cultivate parsnips , which are much superior to carrots , both for the table and for the feeding of pigs and other animals . Time is an old novelist who takes pleasure in printing his tales on our countenance . He writes the first chapters with a swan's down , and graves the last with a steel pen . Calcutta , the capital of out Indian Empire , contained , by the census of May , 1850 , a population of 413 , 182 persons , of whom 274 , OOo were Hindoos , 110 . 000 Mohammedans , 6 , 233 Europeans , and about the same number of residents from other countries . Calcutta is , therefore , about one-fifth the size of London .
Confession . —A Roman Catholic curate , to free himself from the great labour , of confession in Lent , gave notice to his parishioners that on Monday he should conless the pilars ; on Tuesday the misers ; on Wednesday the slanderers ; on Thursday the thieves ; on Friday tbe libertines ; and on Saturday the bad women . His scheme succeeded ; none attended . The Metropolitan Members seem to patronise any ancient annoyance , so it be . of London . Last year they opposed the Cemetery Bill—fighting for the undertakers . This session they stand up for Smithfield . In time , we fear , it ' may become a question , whether , among other crying nuisances to be got rid of , there is not the nuisance of—Metropolitan Members . —Punch Inddstev . —If industry is no more than habit , it is at least an excellent one . If you ask me which
is the real hereditary sin of human nature , do you imagine l ; shall answer pride , or luxury , or ambition , or egotism ? No ; I shall say indolence . Who conquers indolence , will conquer all the rest . All good principles must stagnate without mental activity . — Zimmerman . Practical Philosophy . —Soiithey says in one of his letters , — " I have told you of the Spaniard who always put on his spectacles when he was about to eat cherries that they might look the bigger , and more tempting . In like manner I make the most of my enjoyments ; and though I Ao not cast my cares away , 1 pack them in as little COmpBBB 83 1 can , and carry them as conveniently as I can for myself , and never let them annoy others . " Incombustible Thatch . —Straw saturated with a solution of lime or common whitewash , has , it is said , been repeatedly proved tobenotouly fire-proof , but more durable than the ordinary thatch .
Iridium and Osmium are two scarce metals , discovered by Tennant amongst the grains of Platinum , and are so hard as to be required to be worked with diamond powder ; they are used for the tips of gold pens . War . —Letters from Berlin say , " As fruits of the late war , there are at present in the Romanic and South-SelaronicdiBtrictaof Hungary , 25 , 000 widows , and 80 , 000 orphans of soldiers , almost entirely without food , clothing , or shelter . " A Kiss . —Ninon de l'Enclos defines a kiss : — " An alms which enriches him who receives , without impoverishing her who gives . '' Very true ; but misses should be careful to choose none but deserving objects on whom to bestow their charities .
Newspaper Stamps . —The total number of newspaper stamps issued in the year 1850 , in England and Wales , was , of penny stamps , 65 , 741 , 271 ; and of halfpenny , 11 , 084 , 423 . In Ireland , 6 , 302 , 728 penny , and 43 , 358 halfpenny ; in Scotland , 7 , 043 , 045 penny , and 241 , 264 halfpenny . Fat and Lean . —A man , praising porter , said it was so excellent a beverage that , though taken in great quantities , it always made him fat . " Ihave seen the time , " said another , * ' when it made you lean . "— "When , I should like to know ? " said the eulogist . — "Why , no longer since than last nightagainst a wall . " Sano Froid . —When Lieut . O'Brien was blown up in the Edgar , and thrown on board the Admiral all black and wet , he said to the commander , with
pleasantry , " I hope , sir , you will excuse my dirty appearance , for I left tbe ship in so great a hurry that I had not time to change my dress . " Ultramarine of the genuine sort is the product ofthe lapis lazuli , a Siberian mineral ( of great beauty . The finest qualities , of this colour are exceedingly eostly ( some being valued at twenty guineas an ounce ) , but the artificial product can be sold at a wholesale price of fifteen pence per pound . A Female Barrister . —Great interest was lately excited in the Court of Appeal at Paris , by a lady , Madame Grange , pleading her own cause , in an affair relative to the admission of a claim of 316 , 881 fr . in a bankruptcy . The lady spoke for nearly three hours , and displayed all the self-confidence , and skill of . a practised advocate . She did not make use of notes , though she had numerous documents to-refer to . She also discussed , with much talent , certain questions of English law
which were necessary to the elucidation of her case . Fmrting " . —If you do hot wish to ; fall in Jove , don't commence flirting . This courting for funis like boxing for fun . You put on the gloves in perfect good-humour , with the most friendly intention of exchanging a few amicable blows ; you find yourself insensibly warm with the enthusiasm of the con flict , until some unlucky ' punch " , decides the matter , and the whole affair ends in adownright fight . Punishment . — Passing some north country villages , a person , for amusement , inquired ofthe country children , "When you are haughty , what ( toes the master do to you ? " The following different answers wie received at , different places ;—" He mills us ; he crumps us ; he raps us at the top o' th' / beeud ; he bastes us ; "he mumps us ; he fettles us . ; he winds us . " Poor lads ! to be mumped , and . bumped , and thumped / - and crumped ,, and milled , and rapped , . and fettled !
-....-.-A ^ Marriaqe nsatly Accomplished . —Lizst the pianist , had'taken a fancy to a jeweller ' s daughter , and thus is the courtship describee .: —One morning the jeweller coming to the point ' with German frankness , said , to Lizst , "How do you like my daughter ?"— " She is an angel . " , " What do you think of marriage ]"—"! think so . well of it , that I have the greatest possible inclination to try it . ' ' . "What would you say to a fortune bi three millions of franca ?"— " I would willingly accept it . " "Well , we understand each other . My daughter pleases you ; you please my daughter ; her fortune is ready —be my son-in-law . "— " With all my . heart . " The marriage was celebrated the following week . And this , according to tbe chronicles of Prague , is a true account of the marriage of the great pianist Lizst .
A Prophbc * * oR ,, Seagoing . People . —Tai ' f ( April ) gives the following paraphrase from the Grfek Anthology , ii . 352 : —' ..-., . . ' A merchant , going out to sea , Fearful , as he well might oe , , . Lest , some evil should betide , To a learned seer applied ; ; Who thus , all doubt to , dissipate , Spoke tbe fix'd decrees of Fate : — If you a stout-built ship provide , ' i . Well riitg'd and sound , stem , stern , and side , '• With every necessary fill'd , " ' If , then , your pilot be well skill'd , . And seas are calm and winds are fair ; < I , by prophetic art , declare , ' " i Safe you may sail where ' er it please you :- j Unless some pirat « cbance'to ' sieze ' youl
Constancy Often Contains As Much Obstina...
Death of the Earl op Bastrt . —The Earl of Buniry died at Glenitariff Lodge , County Cork , on Friday night the 2 nd inst . Tho nohlo Earl was hofu on tiie 6 th of Au » ust , 1767 , and . was consequently in his 84 th year . The deceased nobleman « "tai ; n ail time * , a firm Conservative . As a resident landlord he w .-ia popular with all parties , without ois tirictioii of sect or creed . His titles and honours joru bestowed-by his Sovereign for his gallant ex-• rtions . ia rep elling tho menaced invasion of a itm-ign enemy « i , en the French fleet enteredUantry Bay iu t , ht . yi-ar 179 G .
Collision at Ska . —At half-past two on Monday K « » ° *«» w Fife , of Exeter , II . Dare , from Exet « r to Newcastle , while off Beachy Head was run down by a forei gn bri g . She filled immediately , and sunk in twenty fathoms of water . The crew had just time to push oft one of the boats and throw a fe « v clothes into it previous to loavin * the ill-fated schooner . The crew were picked up by the hrig James , o f Bermuda , and were limited at Hastings on Monday . The Fife was engaged in the coal ti ' , i'le A Polish soldier , aged 127 , who was received last year into the Hotel dos Invalides , dieii last week in tho infirmary of that establishment from an iittack of grippe . —Galignani .
Beware Of Ten Shilling Quacks Who Imitate This Advertisement.
Beware of Ten Shilling Quacks who imitate this Advertisement .
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IMMENSK SUCCESS OF THE NJBW MO » Si OI ' ' TKKATiMSSNT , 9 , 211 CURES LAST YEAR !!! As adopted by Lallemand , RUord , Dcslandm , and others , of the Uopital des Veneriens a Paris , aa-i now vniformtv practised in tins country by WALTER DE ROOS , M . D ., 35 , Elt Place , Holborn Hill , Lonpok ,
Ad00317
giddiness , drowsiness , palpitation ol the heart , indigestion , lowness of spirits , lassitude and general prostration of strength , & c , usually resulting from neglect or improper treatment by mercury , copaiba , cubebs , and other deadly poisons . From its properties in removing barrenness and all disorders of FBMALES , such as leueorrhoea , or "the whites , " head-ache , giddiness , indigestion , palpitation of the heart , dry cough , lowness of spirits , 4 a , dsc . It is admirably adapted to that class of sufferers , as it creates new , pure and rich Wood , ( thereby purifying and strengthening the Thole system , ) and soon restores the invalid to sound health even after all other remedies ( which have usually a depressing tendency ) have failed ; hence its almost unparalelled success . ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 10, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10051851/page/3/
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