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33s?n> the huge hull of the powerful man...
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33s?n> 390fil" ;5.
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_ MX' lummf*.
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Yov-iqe r,f the Prince Albert in search ...
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T/ie English Republic. Edited b y "W. J....
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Robert Owen's Journal. Part II. Clayton ...
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The Christian Socialist. Part II. Watson...
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Catholicism the Religion of Fear. B y G-...
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LIBERATION OF KOSSUTH. A movement is mak...
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Asxuai, Return of Fires in Lokdon.—On Mo...
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STATE OF OUR REPRESENTATION. The existin...
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British Factories, Number, axd E.uri.orM...
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¦ ¦ ¦' 1 ,m
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Wit at " sraphy" do youngschoelbovs like...
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_ ", - of corduroftr Ow'sers ^ wrtk ^ie^...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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33s?N> The Huge Hull Of The Powerful Man...
JANUAKY 11 , 1851 . TtTT T * VAnm «» , nw - ~~ -z , ¦¦ _ THE NORTHERN STAR . i J ii CiflTT ~~~ 7 ~~ " "' m °
33s?N≫ 390fil" ;5.
33 s ? n > 390 fil " ; 5 .
LIFE IS REAL . Lii > is res !! Lif ; is e . - . rae . t ' . Awl the grave is i : ot its » o » l ; «• Past ll'on ait , to ih .- < trertirnest , " Was uot spolicu of the soul . Not enjoyment and not sorrow , Is our destined en-j or way : But to act , that each to-morrow Fiud us farther tfian to-day . Art is long , and time is fleeiing , And our hearts , though stout and brave , Still , like muffled drums , are beating funeral marches to the grave . In tne world ' s broad field of battle , iu the bivouac of life , Se not like dumb , drives cattle ! Be a hero in the strife 3
Trust no Fatnre , Lowe ' er pleasant I Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act— -act in the living Present I Heart within , and God o ' erhcad ! i ives of great men all remind ns We can make our lives sublime , Anu departing , leave behind us Foofcteps on the sands of time . Jo niprinfe , that perhaps another , " Sailine o ' er life ' s solemn main , A forlorn and shipwrecked brother , Seeing , shall take heart again . t <« us , then , lie up and doing . " With a heart for any fate ; « -i ; l a ciiievimr , still pursuing . Learn to labour and to wait . Longfellow .
_ Mx' Lummf*.
_ MX ' lummf * .
Yov-Iqe R,F The Prince Albert In Search ...
Yov-iqe r , f the Prince Albert in search of Sir John FraniHn . By \ Y . 1 \ Sxow . Longman aud Co . It is much to to feared that our gallant coujitrvinen , who have so long been lost in the drear ? " regions of " thick rihhed ice" are foevou ' il the reach of friendly help or rescue ; and , though ivc should be the last to offer discoura ^ ment to any enterprise whatever , which promised to extend the knowledge or promote flic interests of mankind , yet we must give it as cur ueliberare opinion , that all that is necessary to ho known respecting these Arctic . Seas , lias already been ascertained , and tli-i . t any further explorations , for the purposes < -f discovery , will he a useless waste of time , intellect , and treasure .
la ilie meantime , however , as long as tho slig htest chance remains of rescuing Sir John Fivuikiin and his companions from the fate wliich there is too much reason to fear tbey hare alread y met , it is tho duty of the nation to spare no reasonable exertion for that purpose . If not discovered and succoured during this present spring , vre believe that do hope ¦ whatever can remain , and so far as the most recent accounts go , there seems hat slender probability of that heiug the case . AH honour to those who embarked in the Search last year , and among them not the least , to the author of this " Narrative of Evvry Day Life in the Arctic Seas . " Ah . Snow belongs to the class of hard y and eut rnrisinp- adventurers who are never more
at home than when they are abroad , and appears to have been knocked about in all parts of thtt g lobe during the greater portion of his life . lie hastened from America when the less official expeditions in search of Sir John Franklin were planned , in addition to those Sent < mt hy Government . He was too late , hy a few days , for the purpose he had in viewthat of serving as a volunteer under Penny , the well known whaler , and as the next hest cour = < - open to him , he offered his services to the expedition fitted out hy Lad y Franklin , aided l > y public subscrip tion . The vessel in which he went out was a small one , heing rather less than ninety tons burden , and resembled the craft in which early exp lorers first made their dii ivcries , rather than the large and well-appointed ships of modern days .
The voyage of the Albert was characterised by the usual incidents , delays , and difficulties of Arctic navigation ; hut , upon the whole , was a successful one . She overtook all the other expeditious ; hut , ultimately , it was resolve ! to return to England , apparently on accoaiit of the state of the crew , and the belief that , in any case , while they ran much risk , zh ov could be of little substantial use . Air . Snow ' s volume is an interesting narrative « fan interesting expedition , made through new icejiery , under new circumstances : for the irioetings with various whalers , and with
the * ; ips engaged in the same search as themselves , gives life to what is usually solitude itself . His style is vigorous ; and the scenery and circumstances are so fresh , so wonderful , and s < i exciting , as to justify reflection . The singularity of the sun at midnight , the alternate desolation and magnificence of Arctic scenery , the wonderful operation of nature b y mean : of avalanche , icebergs , and almost perpetual frost and snow , are not so hacknied as to pall ; hut there are newer things in Mr . Snow ' s volume , and one of them is steampower iu the Arctic seas : —
Tin- Felix was taken in tow by the Itesoluic ; and together , the whole fleet passed through heavy jaa *> 'cs of loose ice and bergs to the north and rortli- « -cst , at the rate of about four miles an hour . At ek't- 'ii a . m . we came to a heavy nip , and all the vessels bad to be made fast to a floe until a passage could be cleared . To effect this , the screws we ' re hrousrht into play in the manner I have previously alluded to . The Pioneer , Lieutenant-Commander Osbarn , immediately on casting off the Itesolutc ' s tow-rope , was directed to dash at the impediment under full power . This she did boldly and fearlessly ; rushing stem on , and fairly digging her hews iisio it in a most remarkable manner . Backing
ins ' antly astern , and then again going ahead , she pc-riiirmed the same manoeuvre , fairly lifting herself up on end , like a prancing war-horse . But this time the nip was too heavy to be so broken , though I'c-ta t . ' ie steamers had previously cleared many similar impediments ia that manner . It was now , L . wewr , necessary to resort to other means ; and , accordingly , parties from every ship were sent on the ice : o assist iu blowing it up , and removing the fragments as they got loosened . The same plan as that , I believe , adopted in blasting rocks was here pursued . Powder was sunk to a certain depth , a
slow match applied , and at a given signal ignited . Due time was allowed ; and then the enormous masses would be seen in convulsive movement , as though shaken hy a volcanic eruption , until piece upon piece was sent in the air , and the larger bodies were completely rent into innumerable fragc : enis . The steamers then darted forward , and with warps dragged out the immense blocks that had been thus " dissevered . One of these blocks ( more like a small berg than aught else ) was brought alongside ofthe Assistance , " while I was on board of her in the gun-room . It was hollow at the top , and contained some excellent water , which \ r : i 5 conveyed on board to replenish the stock .
I had before made mention of the remarkable stillness wliich may be observed at midnight in tiies ? venous ; but not until now did it come upon rce with such force and in such a singular manner . 1 cannot attempt to describe the mingled sensations 1 experienced , of constant surprise and amazement at the extraordinary occurrence then taking place ia the waters I was gazing upon , and of renewed hope , Hallowed into a quiet , holy , and reverential Sfcliii" of gratitude towards that mighty Being who . htbis solemn silence , reigned alike supreme as iu the busy hour of noon when man is eager at his foil or the custom ofthe civilised world gives to business active life and vigour . Save the distant humming uoise ofthe engine working on board of t ' ae sts-mier towing us , there was no sound to be heard di-noiin ? the existence of any living thing or
of anv .-minute matter . Yet there we were , perceptibly ' im , rapidly , gliding past the land and floes of ic ? , a 3 though some secret and mysterious power h * i ! . cen setto work to carry us swiftly away from those \ exatious , harassing , and delaying portions of Our ravage , in which we had already experienced so mnch trouble and perplexity . The leading vessels had p used all the parts where any further difficulty i ^ - 'lit have been apprehended , and this , of course , Save to us ia the rear a sense of perfect security for
the present . All hands , therefore , except the middle watch on deck , were below in our respective veisels ; and , as I looked forward ahead of us , and bak ! j the long line of masts and rigging that rose «? from each ship before me , without any sail set , or any apparent motion to propel such masses on-* srd * and without a single human voice to be heard around , it did seem something wonderful and arizing . And yet it w as a noble sight : six vess £ s , varving in size , strength , and equipment , from
Yov-Iqe R,F The Prince Albert In Search ...
the huge hull of the powerful man-of-war , to the humble and lowiy private ketch—alike varying in tjitir biihd and sailing qualities , from tho lofty tuwe-suas-tcr to tha sin ^ e-sparrcd nutter , acting as a tciuer to a schooner , but a size or i * o larger , square sails and We and aft sails , pinnaces aud bwues , wiiale boats and light boats—with every new in vontion iu the art of steaming to aid ihe one class , ivj > i : e la : c discoveries and useful ohms were brought into use iu gujfet percha and inflated skins to aid the latter class—were casting their long shadows across the smooth surface of the passing floes of iee , as the sun whb mellowed light , and gentler but still beautiful lustre , was soaring through the Polar sky at the bask of Melville ' s Cape , already on his way to k'gin the journey of another dav . the huge hull of the noworfnl tn-, n . nr ., r , r tn * W «
The following description of American intentions , and the mode of navigating American vessels , gives a striking picture of the go-ahead habits of the people , and of the success which attends such rash or resolute determination , till it fails : — They intended to push on wherever they could , this way or that way , as mi ght be found best , in the direction of Melville Island and paits adjacent , especially Banks ' s Land ; and they meant to winter wherever they mi ght chance to be , in the pack or out of the pack . As long as they could be moving or making any progress in any direction that might assist in the object for which they had come , they meant still to be going on , and , with the true
characteristic ofthe American , cared for no obstacles or impediments that mi ght arise in their way . Neither fears nor the necessary caution which might « a-iy be alleged as an excuse for hesitation or delay , at periods when anything like fancied danger appeared , was to deter them . Happy fellows ! thought I ; no fair winds nor opening prospects will be lost with you ; no dissension or incompetency among your executive officers exist to stay your progress . Bent upon one errand alone , your minds set upon that before . you embarked , no trifles nor comn : on danger will prevent you daring everything for the carrying out of your mission . Go on , then , brave sons of America , and may at least some share of prosperity and success attend your exertions !
If ever a vessel and her officers were capable o ' going through an undertaking in . which more than ordinary difficulties had to be encountered , I had no douht it would be the American : and this was evinced to tne even while we were on board , by the apparently reckless way in which they dashed through the streams of heavy ice running off from Leopold Island . I happened to go on deck when they were thus engaged , and was delig hted to witness how gallantly they put aside every impediment in their way . An officer was standing on tho heel of the bewsprit , conning the ship , and issuing his orders to the man at the wheel , in that short , decisive , yet clear manner , which the helmsman at once well understood and promptly obeyed . There was
not a rag of canvas taken in , nor a moment s hesitation . The way was before them : the stream of iee had to be either gone through boldly or a long detour made ; and despite the heaviness of the stream , they pushed the vessel through in her proper course . Two or three shocks , as she came in contact with some large pic -c < , were unheeded ; and the moment the list block was past the bow the officer sang out , ' So ; steady as she goes on her course , ' and came aft as if nothing more than ordinary sailing had been going on . I observed our little bark nobly following in the American ' s wakei ; and , as I afterwards learned , she got through it pretty well , though not without much doubt of the propriety of keeping on in such procedure after the ' mad Yankee , ' as he was called by the mate .
T/Ie English Republic. Edited B Y "W. J....
T / ie English Republic . Edited b y "W . J . Lisxox . No . I ., for January . Loudon : Watson , Queen ' s Head-passage , Paternoster-row . The Editor of this new periodical fully understands the nature and the magnitude of the task he has undertaken . Kothing , indeed , but the deep , earnest conviction , unwavering faith , and quenchless zeal , which has distinguished the career of Air . Lintou , could have induced him to "fling aloft the Banner of the Future , and ask , who will stand by me for the restoration of the Commonwealth—for the foundation of the English Republic ? "—in the face of the obstacles he has to encounter . But many of these obstacles will be lessened hy the spirit in which Mr . Linton will pursue his noble object . Hear how he speaks for himself in the opening address : —
The purpose with which 1 commence this work is , by expounding republican principles ( such as I have learned them , chiefly from him who is the Apostle of Republicanism ) , by making my countrymen acquainted with the views of Republicans abroad , and giving them correct versions of the current events of the great European struggle for Republicanism ( of which ISiS and 1819 have been but the first campaign ) , and not omitting to remind them of their own old republican wisdom when Eii ^ and taught the ! nations how to live , to revive among them the smouldering fire of English
heroism , that faith iu God and man which led their fathers to victory . Desirous , not of renewing the form of Puritanism , but ot revivifying the soul of earnestness which marked the brief day of our Commonwealth as the grandest period of English history . I shall essay to show wherein we Republi cans ofthe nineteenth century may imitate the worthiest of cur race , in what we ought to advance be yond them ; and so I would in some w ; iy help to establish a Republican party , really a Young England , to be the heralds and leaders of the Republic , the l < e « inning of the future nation .
For now there h no English nationality . There was a nation when an Alfred ruled the people ; a nation when an Elizabeth scattered the Invincible Armada ; anation when our royalest Protector could strike down tyranny at home , and throw his shield over the oppressed of distant lands . But there is no English nation now . A horde of traders , every man s hand against his neighbours , where combination h almost unknown , except for purposes of plunder—is that a nation ? A nation—and trampled on by creatures too ashamed of their imbecility to confess it even to e « eh other I A nation—whose rulers are daily convicted of incapacity , of falsehood , of every conceivable meanness ! A nationwhose poor die bv thousands J A nation—without
education ! A nation , in whose life is no harmony or order—whose heart is torn with ceaseless contention of class against class—whose " prosperity " means ruin to tho majority—whose " peace" is successful trickery , or infamous cowardice—whose ** honour" is a bye-word to the world . '—Is it not so ? Ask our million s of workmen what combination means in England . Ask any of our rulers" what any others of them are . Ask the betrayers of the Bandieras , the accomplices of Szela and Odillon BTirrot , or the presenters of "his portrait" to Palmerston ; ask any of our " statesmen " or diplomatists , to disclose the villanies , the lies , to which they have listened and complacently replied . Q . icstion the mere men of figures concerning Irish famine , and the means by which the English labour ni : irket is supplied . Ask the State reporters of mines and factories—ask the private strivers for
e ducation—what the " Government" does there . Ask any one at home what " prosperity " means ; but dare not ask a foreigner the signification of English " peace"and "honour . " If there was no God but a Devil—if patriotism was a meaningless word , and beastliest selfishness the heig ht of virtue—what change need take place in England ? The nation is not . There is only a ¦ dooniv den of abominable hypocrisies , a wretched chaos . ' called England ; and it is time for all brave true men who Snd themselves invoked in it , and who believe that God sent them into it , not that they should join tho evil-doers , nor yet that they should run away from the fear of evil , but that thev should do manful work in endeavouring to remedy it-itistimefor all such brave true men to take counsel together , and ascertain at least what is their first duty " in the emergency .
An elaborate and admirably written exposition of " Republican Principles , " occupies nearly the whole of the first number . We have only space for the " Summary , " and , meantime , sincerely recommend this periodical to all who wish to understand on what basis English Republicanism is placed by an eloquent , sincere , and enthusiastic apostle of the Gospel of Republican Liberty — We believe in Equality , Libebit , and Fhatersiit : in the equal ground of human right , on which alone true freedom can be based , —the freedom which is not the unlimited sway of the stronger , but the opportunity of healthy growth to the utmost of natural capability for the weakest as well as for the mightiest , in order that the fullest perfection of each may be obtained , toward a brolhirlu combination of strengths for the surer and greater progress of the whole world . Yfe believe in the PEnrEcnBitrrr op tite irrafi . v
race : that is to say m its power of continual improvement . And we believe that this improvement may be sy stematized , and insured , and immensely accelerated , by men acting in concert , in Assocurxox , —freely organising themselves under the government of the ~ Wisest and Most Tircuous among We believe that Government , however chosen or however worthy of rule , is not required by society to be the dictator over the lives of individuals-as a central despotism would be- but to order the comlitm l action ofthe ivholc Nation and to protect the rinh's of all . We believe that the world-old circles ofTAMiLT , Crrr , and Couxrnr , are natural arrangements , and worth preserving . That , astheiudi-
T/Ie English Republic. Edited B Y "W. J....
vidual is complete in his own nature , so the Pamilv is also a perfect sphere , needing no ordering from authority , the Cit y also sufficient to itself for all its own requirements , and the Country the samc-a special workroom , built by God for ' a special pur-V w J ! I ? Wa ' sha 111 : 0 t ba thmvn iiomt - W c believe that the business t-f Goraa . vjtfi . vr is to do that which neither the Individual nor the City can emeientl y do ; to maintain throughout the Aation the harmony of equal rights , which includoa provision that the best means of growth at llif iiationscommand shall bcfarnidcd ' lo all tiie individuals - ; , „ .. ;„ „ . : : —
of Vie nation . It is therefore the province of government to guard the ~ Lui » -which is common property—from the encroachment of individuals , —to care that none hold it without paying a fair rent for it to the State , and that it shall never be so monopolized , at whatever rent , that any shall be deb irred from it ; to protect the private phopertt —the honest earnings and acquirements—of individuals ; to maintain " the RIGHT to labouii by lending the credit of the state to all who need it , so insuring to every one cmjiloyment at a fair remuneration ; and to provide the highest possible education for every one of the nation ' s children .
We believe that the only Government which can safely be trusted with these powers is the Elect of the Nation , empowered by the majoritv to act for them . Wo believe that the right to rule resides only in a Majority : their rule being only limited by the bight of the individual . The most overwhelming Majority may not override the right of an independent nature . Society and Individuality aremutually sacred and inviolable . Nevertheless we believe in individual dutt : that every one ( saving his right of conscience ) ought to enrol himself Idutifully iu the ranks of his fellow-men , to act obediently within the appointed and ascending spheres of organisation , to devote the utmost of his powers to the service of his Family , his Country , the World , and Truth .
And we believe that , based upon a written constitution recognising these rights and duties , the Nation may be so organised that the long sought problem of the harmoxizatiox of individual welfare with national progress may be speedily solved , and the present Anarch y give place to Order , under which we shall henceforth he enabled to fulfil God ' s law—the Destiny of Life—to grow healthily , to love , to aspire , and to progress . We believe , in a word , in the possibility of a social state , based upon already ascertained rights and duties , in which might be forthwith commenced the realisation ofthe "dream" of all prohetic minds , —the beginning ofthe better time , in which the wretchedness of extreme want might immediately cease , and strife and wrong gradually diminish , checked by the strong hand of enthroned justice , and fading from the ever-increasing light of education and of hope .
Such is the aim of our exertions for our own Country . And for the Nations we believe with a no less fervent hope : looking for the establishment of the universal fkderatiox of republics , for the proclamation of God ' s iaw as the religion and rule of the enfranchised and organised World . May our own Nation be of the first to swear fealty to the common pact , among the worthiest ofendcavoiirers to rcich the goal , —that goal which will be hut the starting-place of the Genius of Humanity , toward the indefinite perfection of the future .
Robert Owen's Journal. Part Ii. Clayton ...
Robert Owen ' s Journal . Part II . Clayton and Son , Strand , London . No oxe would imagine that the snows of eighty winters had passed over the head of the brave old Patriarch of Socialism . His "Journal"is as hopeful , buoyant , and enthusiastic as tho earliest of his writings , and looking back on his long career of public life , he is satisfied with the results of his past labours , as exemplified in the improved tone of public opinion , with reference to the important questions ho has so consistently urged npon the attention , of so & wfo . The present part
contains three articles explanatory of the means of "Well-Placing , Well-Educating , and Well-Employing the Human Race , for Ever . " Four articles on the practical arrangements which require to be united -with Spade Cultivation , in order to reap from that mode of culture the greatest amount of intellectual , moral , and social well-being . Two articles on the Church and its Doctrines ; an interesting account of bis discovery and establishment of the Infant School System : addresses to the Roman and British Hierarchies , the Ministers , and Mr . Cobden , and several other papers of great value .
The Christian Socialist. Part Ii. Watson...
The Christian Socialist . Part II . Watson , Queen ' s-head Passage , Paternoster-vow , London . In addition to a variety of ably-written articles on Co-operative topics , the present part contains much interesting and pleasing information respecting the rapid spread of associations , both at home and abroad . The following account of an association established in Greece , at tho end of the last century , embodies an important and salutary lesson to the infant associations , which are now springing up in various parts of this country .
Ambelakia is a village in Thessaly , clinging to the steep rocks of Ossa , aud overhanging the vale of Tempo . When Roaujour , the Consul of France , visited it in 1777 , those mansions which belonged to the manufacturers were in their glory , of which Mr . TJrqnhart saw the remains in 1830 . ' The place was then famous for the manufacture of that benut :-ful red cotton yarn which was then principally imported into this country from Turkey . Reaujour in his account of the commerce of Greece , published in 1800 , has left the following account of its commercial life : —
" Ambelakia resembles from its activity rather a town in Holland than a village in Turkey . This place exerts by its industry , vigour , and life , an iniluence over the surrounding country , and gives birth to an immense commerce , which unites Greece and Germany by a thousand tics . In fifteen years the population Has increased threefold . It amounted to four thousand in 1798 . The inhabitants live in their manufactories like swarms of hces in their hives . The slavery which blasts the plains watered by the Peneus , and stretching at their feet , has never scaled the rocky si des of Ossa . They are governed like their forefathers by their elders and their own magistrates . Twice have the Mussulmans of Larissa , jealous of their
prosperity and happiness , attempted to climb their mountains and spoil their houses , and twice have they been repulsed by bands that dropped the shut , tie to handle the musket . Every arm , even the child ' s , is employed in the manufactories of Ambelakia ; whilst the men dye the cotton , the women prepare and spin it ; for no machinery ia used in this province . It is a pleasant sight to see the wo . men of Ambelakia . each armed with a distaff , chattinff together in groups before the doors of their houses . There are now twenty-fourfactories , in which yearly six thousand cwt ., and upwards of cotton are dyed . This yarn finds its way into Germany , and is disposed of at Buda , Vienna , Leipsic , and other great cities . The Ambelakian
manufacturers used to have their own separate offices in these towns , and sell their cotton each on his own account . There were therefore as many separate interests as merchants . Rut it was soon found that competition was ruining each and all , and it was therefore proposed to unite masters and men in one great association . The plan of a great commandite society was suggested in 1777 . and a year after it was carried into execution . The rules of the new body were drawn up by men of wisdom and experience . Every proprietor or head of a factory miffht contribute a sum proportioned to his means . The lowest investments were fixed at a sum in the Turkish money , answering to between £ 500 and £ ( 500 , the highest could not rise to more than four
times that sum ; in order that the large capitalist might not monopolise the advantages ofthe scheme . The workmen subscribed their little profits , and uniting in societies purchased single shares , forming smaller commandite societies incorporated into the larger . Besides their capital , the workmen contributed their labour and skill to the general fund of productive power . Abundance was soon spread throughout the community . The < h « vidends were at first restricted to ten per cent , per annum , and the surplus profit was applied to the augmentation of th- capital , which in two years rose from £ 50 , 000 to upwards of £ 80 , 000 . At the head of this company were p laced three directors , who formed , for the purpose of commerce , a firm under an assumed name , at Ambelakia itself . They reserved to themselves the rig ht of signature , or only confided it to three associates at
Vienna , the place from which the returns were made . These two firms had their correspon dents at Festh , Trieste , Leipsic , Salonicn , Constantinople , and Smyrna , to receive their consignments effect the returns , frequent the great fairs , and thus extend the market for the cotton yarn of Gvf ecc . Au important part of their trust n ? to circulate the funds realised , from hand to hand , and from place to place , according to their circumstances and necessities of their trade . Thus the association secured to . itself the profits of the banker , and gained the command of time and market . Wln-n the exchange was favourable they remitted specie , when unfavourable , they remitted raw material from Salonica or Smyrna . Thus the business was conducted by a very small stall , and these were all Ambelakiotes , The correspondents returned to Ambelakia af Per ihisa years' senieo ,
The Christian Socialist. Part Ii. Watson...
imbibS ^ that u « y might imbibe afresh the principl e * of the society . made ni . i ? , " , !" ° ' ' " , kJakf ' thus Vnwed EeV J ° - ' nnii " ave a r < CH' ° to ^ dj tho P lace , m . connexion with it . For a low vme "awuony reigned , and success attended all then tTe cor I " . dilVutors ™ ° dtatatoiitad , ILC 0 ] leTnims were zenlous . tho workmen were docile « JI ( J laborious . Tim work with it " SMS DqU ; i 11 ? < iivi ' " ™ mSSt al 1 the ™* - nien ami the several manufaptorie * . was executed « if aPaftnd . ^ I ^ - The capital and tho Jneiest , upon it went on iucreasine vear bv v ™ ,.
n ™ ,-, ZE , -T" t 0 . a tenfold valuo - Bu * «»» nanm P J " ^ & t n' ' Sl ! ? ht SCCmCd tO Ml'IV !) L ,. n ' * Sucees -S really introduced confusion , ina . + i ? 111 , octors ' « beeoming rich , became exactdL' ru ° - Pc'or enriched in their turn , would not f „ nl , V ° ' ? rs > the workmen left the shuttle for cue pen , and wanted to soil instead of dyeing or spinning Eve ,. y Qm ^^ ^ T ]) e ^ shecame tumultuous , the workmen , who wore " , ™) ° ntJ . Sot the upper hand ; after that , good l ""* .. ^ oaMD , opinions became more and mote divergent , conciliation became hopeless , ue SoCiety was thus distracted for a year and a Sili ? - yeai'S ' ^ ( mS ) blew up altogether , to split up into as many little Commandite ! , as there who societies of workmen . Distrust , envy , the love of misehief-makiiiff . all those littlo nnlcrv
passions which enter so largely into tho Greek character , are already undermining the new societies . They cannot last long . "
Catholicism The Religion Of Fear. B Y G-...
Catholicism the Religion of Fear . B y G-. Holyoake . Watson , Queen ' s-head Passage , Paternoster-row , London . Ii- ever the title of a work was justified hy its contents , it is that which Mr . Holyoake has chosen for this brochure . It is . impossible to look at the eight engravings , copied from the work ofthe Jesuit , Father Pinamonti , published by Catholic authorit y , without a shudder , accompanied by deep commiseration for the unhappy beings , whose mental faculties are subjected to such depraved and demoralising influences . Father Pinamonti ' s book is called " Hell opened to Christians ; " and any thing more horrible and disgusting can
scarcely he imagined , than the varied illustrations of agony and torture presented by the fervid imagination of the priestly author and artist . Mr . Hol yoake has done good " suit and service , " b y bringing out an antidote to such pestiferous works , at the present moment ; and showing in his calm , clear , and logical style , the mind-enslaving and debasing tendencies of Roman Catholicism . Not more eloquentl y than trul y does Mr . Holyoake draw the true moral for the rational reformer , from the existence , and restless struggle for supremacy , of such an enemy to public freedom and progress , and to individual virtue and happiness . He says : —
Ifthorebea God who will cast out unbelievers in the Bible into outer darkness , where there shall be weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth , we need to run with pal pitating hearts to that ancient Church , which is the most likely to know his will . It becomes policy in us to submit , or mercy in them to compel us . How desolating is this llelinion of 1 ' ii . ir ! Its influence is a perpetual demoralisation of mankind . . Why should they ba generous to enemies , or forgiving to those who do them ill , if God will not be forgiving to them ? We may perpetually ask can men be more noble , more generous , mere just than God ? Men never rise above the Ideal they are tau cht to imitate ; and tho fatal example of a rcfaliative and a punishing God
will always create and continue a retaliative and punishing people . Generous instinct , intellectual refinement , and social culture , conduct us therefore to the wise dogma of modern Rationalism , wliich teaches us that , if there be a God he must be tho infinite enlargement of the gentle impulse , the patient endurance , and the noble generosity which constitutes the fairest attributes of humanity . We therefore abandon the Religion of Fear , we give u ; - > Catholicism , for higher reasons than those which discover flaws in its Apostolical descent , for better reasons than those wliich rival churches urge—we give it up for reasons for which we give up ' nearly the Protestant and Dissenting hierarchies—we give it up for the unanswerable reasons of its immoral influence .
Liberation Of Kossuth. A Movement Is Mak...
LIBERATION OF KOSSUTH . A movement is making , anion ? commercial men in Manchester to induce Lord Palmerston to take steps to procure the liberation of Kossuth and his brave companions in exile . A memorial is lying for signature on the Exchange , of which the following is a copy : — To Viscount Palmerston , her Majesty ' s principal Secretary of rftate for Foreign Allairs , the memorial of the under , signed shuweth , That your memorialists respectfully , but earnestly , solicit your lordship '* intercession , in the i . ame of England , on behalf of the bravo , but unfortunate , Hungarian * , now detained under Turkish superintendence at Kiitaja , in Asia , contrary to expectations which they had been led to
entertain ; and that , as England interposed ;> t first to support Turkey in her exercise of the rights of national hospitality , and to save her from the compulsory surrender of tiiose lijiio had taken refuge within her borders , ami thrown themselves on her protection ; and aa your lordship on more than one occasion ( Fenruary 7 , March 18 , 1850 , ) has publicly expressed your hope and belief that this detention would be only for a time , and shortly terminate , your memorialists entreat your lordship to follow up with \ ig «»\ tt tlie same ju « l and humane policy , and by procuring the liberation of Kossuth anil ins companions , enable them to remove into distant countries , where tliey may honourably maintain themselves by the exercise oi' their Ulents aiulinduary , till circumstances shall again permit them to return to the land of their fathers .
And your memor aluts , & c . The memorial has received a good number of signatures , and among tho leading names are those of Mr . Salis Sch ^ abe , Mr . John Potter ( the mayor ) , Mr . James Hey wood , M . l \ , Mr . Henry , M . P ., Mr . Wm . Itawvon , Mr . John Shuttlcworth ( alderman )) , Mr . W . Townloy , Mr . A . II . Ashton , Mr . II . J . Leppec , Mr . Whittaker , and Mr . J . Leiiler .
Asxuai, Return Of Fires In Lokdon.—On Mo...
Asxuai , Return of Fires in Lokdon . —On Monday morning Mr . Braid wood , the superintendent of the London Fire Engine Establishment , laid his report of fires which had occurred in the metropolitan district during the past year , before the managing committee , at the chief station in Watlingstvect . Mr . Braidwood described the number of premises totally destroyed and considerably damaged as being 247 . Of these tho most extensive was that which occurred in Mark-lane , City , which was not entirely extinguished for nearly two months . The property destroyed on that occasion was roughly estimated at upwards of £ 200 , 000 , hut the precise amount of loss has never been accurately learned . Neither could anything likely to he depended upon bo gleaned as to the origin of the
misfortune . The next fire of any importance was that which occurred on the ni g ht of ' i'ltursdsy , the 3 rd of October , in tho Southwnrk-bridge-road . Although the engines ofthe brigade were stationed immediately opposite , and the turncock was on the spot in less than two minutes after the alarm was given , the whole of Messrs . Brookes' candle works were burned down , and several houses seriously damaged The next district which .-uffcred , and that to a serious extent , by fires , was Bermondsey . From the 17 th of October to th « 25 th of December , a great number of very alarming and devastating conflagrations happened , which laid in ruins a vast amount of property . Amongst the buildings described as considerably damaged was ' the Travellers' Club . The report returns the number of buildings sli ghtly injured as being 621 , whilst in the preceding year , they were only 582 , showing an increase of 39 . The total number of premises entirely destroyed and seriously damaged in 1 SI 9 was 250 , being nine
more than last yew . The total number of five ? of all kinds last year was 868 , whiNt in 1 S 49 there were only S 38 , showing an increase of thirty t ires during the past twelve months . The false alarms during the last year were 91 , whilst the year before they were only 70 . The chimney on tire ' last year wore 70 , whilst in 18-19 there were 89 . The number of fatal fires last year were 17 , and tho number of Jives lost 18 , whilst the number of persons who perished from the same cause in the preceding year was 2 < 3 , which shows a decrease of S last year . The total number of calla for assistance during the past year was 1 , 038 , whilst in 18-19 tho calls were 1 , 003 , showing an increase of 35 . The origin of a great many fires cannot be accounted for ; a great number , however , are returned as being caused by sparks , gas . lueifur matches , smoking tobacco , drunkenness , and explosion of fireworks . Of the latter nearly 100 houses were seriously damaged , as well as tho parochial school and a spacious church in Spitalfields a few months since .
Lamentable Iokokance . — -A lad , ten years of ago , named Walter Gilbert , was called as a witnessin an assault case at liothwham , on Monday , when Mr . Bocvile said , " Can you read or write ?" " No ' . " eaid the lad in a surly tone . " Do you go to any day school ? " "No , " was again the reply . "Do you go to the Sunday school , then V '' No , " continued the boy . "Do you overgo to a place ol worship ? " The form of ' the negative was us-ed for the fourth time . " Do you Know what an oath is ?" " No . " " What becomes of people who tell lies' ?" After some hesitation , Gilbert said , " They'll go to t ' oud lad . " "And what do you mean by t ' oud lad V For a while tho lad was silent , but ultimately , upon the question being repeated , said , " 1 don ' t know . " It is needless to say that the evidence of such a witness was deemed * inadmissible . — Shtffld Times , ^^
State Of Our Representation. The Existin...
STATE OF OUR REPRESENTATION . The existing suffrage throws the power into tho hands of the aristocracy . The Reform Bill cut oil many of the rotten boroughs , but . left a sufficient number of small boroughs to neutralise the electoral power of the large oiio * . The suffrage is so adjusted as to defeat the objects for which that measure was sought . At present there arc eighty-live different kinds of franchise , making it extremely complicated ; and after all , the total number of electors in 18-17 was only fJl-1 ,-173 , out of a population of nearly six millions wale adults . Tho suffrage requires to be placed on a much more simple basis , and the obstructions to its exercise removed . Some more equitable distribution of electoral power is required . Electors . Members . The aggregate number of voters on the register for cities and boroughs in England and Wales , is 375 , 209 returning 335 Ditto ditto Scotland 42 , 313 23 Ditto ditto Ireland 33 , 103 „ 39
n . „ ., ' 155 , 755 397 Of these there are—Twenty-ono cities and boroughs , with 228 , 255 returning 4-1 Two hundred and thirtv-threc d , "o :. 220 , 500 „ 353 xl . 455 , 755 397 it will thus he seen that a minority of the electors of cities and boroughs alone return eight times as many members as the majority of .-ucli electors return ; and the membars so returned by this minority amount to tweiity-tlircc more than a clear majority of the whole house . There are thirty-four boroughs with loss tfcu 500 electors , and twenty boroughs vrith less thfir . 300 electors . These return a greater number of members together than all the larger constituencies , and , of course , have the power of swamping them . Tho results may be stated in another w , tj \ About 7 , 000 electors in twenty-nine of the smallest constituencies , equal in the legislature to 237 , 470 in fourteen of the largest . The following table shows the inequalities of the representation
;—It gives twcnty-flvo of the small constituencies , each returning two members , in contrast with twenty-five ofthe large constituencies , also returning two members each . It will be seen that iu one case 9 , 153 electors return fifty members to parliament , and in the other case , 229 , 305 electors return only fifty members . One list contains 11 number of boroughs easily influenced , the other contains all the largo and important constituencies in tho empire : — Electors . Members . Peterborough , with 513 returns 2 St . Alban ' s „ 530 „ 2 Poole „ 522 „ 2 Tiverton „ 112 , 2 Dorchester ,, 411 , 2 Tewkesbury „ 407 „ 2 Bodmin „ 401 2
„ Buckingham „ 3 % , 2 Devises „ 390 „ 2 Huntingdon „ 300 , 2 Totness ,, 373 „ 2 Wells „ 372 „ 2 Ripen „ 301 „ 2 lloniton „ 853 „ 2 Evesham „ 352 „ 2 Wycomb „ 310 , 2 Tavistock „ 342 , 2 Cockermouth „ 339 „ 2 Lymington ,, 324 ,, 2 Chippenham „ 307 „ 2 Harwich „ 2 M ' . 2 Richmond „ 203 „ 2 Andover „ 243 „ 2 Knaresborough „ 228 „ 2 Thetford „ 214 , 2
9 , 153 50 Electors . Members . Tower Hamlets with 19 , 361 returns 2 Liverpool „ 17 , 320 2 Marylebone „ 10 , 812 „ 2 Finsbury „ 15 . 821 „ 2 Dublin „ 15 , 049 „ 2 Westminster „ 14 , 125 „ 2 Lambeth „ 13 . SS 5 , 2 Manchester „ 12 . SS 6 „ 2 Glasgow „ 11 , 7-13 „ 2 Bristol „ 11 , 032 , 2 Southwark „ 8 , 403 „ 2 Birmingham „ 7 , 535 „ 2 Edinburgh „ 0 , 827 „ 2
Leeds „ 6 , 015 ,, 2 Greenwich ,, 5 , 573 „ 2 Newcastle-ou-Tvne 5 , 370 „ 2 Hull „ 5 , 192 „ 2 Nottingham „ 5 , 148 „ 2 Sheffield „ 4 , 995 „ 2 Norwich „ 4 , 907 „ 2 Belfast „ 4 , 701 „ 2 Leicester „ 4 , 208 ., 2 York „ 4 , 173 , 2 Exeter „ 4 , 144 , 2 Coventry „ 4 , 050 „ 2 229 , 305 50 In the counties of England there is one voter for every 19 persons ; in Wales , IS ; in Scotland , 33 ; in Ireland , 123 . In the boroughs of England there is one voter for every 17 persons ; in Wales , 21 ; in Scotland , 34 ; in Ireland , 11 . In England altogether there is one voter for every 18 persons ; in Wales , 19 ; in Scot ' and , 34 ; in Ireland , 58 . Thus we see that the franchise is as unequally possessed as the representation is unequally distributed . 1 ¦ ! ¦ » ¦
British Factories, Number, Axd E.Uri.Orm...
British Factories , Number , axd E . uri . orMnsr —By a Parliamentary return recently issued , of cotton , woollen , worsted , and silk factories , subject to the Factories' Act in the United Kingdom , it appears that the number of factories in the United Kingdom is 4 , 330 , of which 3 , 039 are in England and Wales , 550 in Scotland , and ninetyone in Ireland . The number of spindles used in the whole is 25 , 038 , 710 , and the number of powerlooms , 298 , 910 . Tho number of moving power by steam is 108 , 113 , and by water 20 , 104 . The number of children between eleven and thirteen years in silk throwing mills is 1 , 737 males and 3 , 910 females . Tho number of children under thirteen ( thoseattending schools ) is 19 , 400 males and 15 , 722 females . Tho number of males between thirteen
and eighteen is 07 , 804 , and of females above thirteen , 329 , 577 . The number of males above eighteen is 157 , 800 , making the total number emploved in the 4 , 330 factories 590 , 082 , of whom 240 , 807 are males and 349 , 215 females . Street Population . —Mr . Henry Mayhew , in his very interesting work on London Labour and the London Poor , gives the following estimate of the number of persons who obtain their living in the streets : — " The street musicians are said to number 1 , 000 , and the old clothes men the same . There are supposed to be at the least 500 sellers of water cresses , 200 coffee stalls , 300 cats' meat men , 250 ballad singers , 200 play bill sellers , from 800 to 1 , 000 bone
grubbers and mudlarks , 1 , 000 crossing sweepers , another thousand chimney sweeps , and the same number of turncocks and lamplighters ; all of whom , together with the street performers and showmen , linkers , chair , umbrella , and clock menders , sellers of bonnet boxes , toys , stationery , songs , last dying speeches , tubs , pails , mats , crockery , blacking , lucifers , corn salves , clothes pegs , brooms , sweetmeats , razors , dog collars , dogs , birds , coals , sand , scavengers , dustmen , and others , make up , it may he fairly assumed , full 30 , 000 adults ; so that , reckoning men , women , ami children , we may truly say there are upwards of 50 , 000 individuals , or about a fortieth part ofthe entire population of the metropolis , getting their living regularly in the streets .
Loun Ashley ' s Shirt . —At the Mayor ' s dinner at Bath , last week , Lord Ashley , M . P ., in acknowledging the drinking of his health , said , I call your attention to the fact , tfeat I this evening am suitably attired for this occasion . I have upon my person , at this moment , a very beautiful shirt , worked for rae by the fair hands of the young women in the establishment of my friend Mr . White —( laughter)—presented Come with language of kindness and compliment which it would ill become me to record . I might have hold up thatlittlearticle —( loudlaughter ) —and in the presence of ladies ( for some there are here ) , exactly specifying what it- is : 1 might say with the great King of these realms , " Honi soil qui maly pense . " ( Loud laughter . ) Well , gentlemen , this article of dress I have preserved for gain days ; and
what day can be so properly a gala , ns when I am invited to dine with my kindlicrtcd constituency ? Whenever I wear this it will serve me for a memorial , though I need it not , of the invariable kindness I have received from the inhabitants of this great city , and of the duty which I feel of cnv . ring an unceasing prayer fur the peace , welfare , and the prosperity of this vast community . ( Cheers . ) Hampstead . —The oldest inhabitant ofJiampstead , Mr . Rowbotham , a clock and watchmaker , died recently , at the age of ninety . Ho tod ins son and manv other persons , that in his youth , the Upper Terrace-avenue , on the south-west side of Ilampstead-heatb , was known by the name of " « Tho Judges' Walk" from tho circumstance of prisoners
, having been tried there during the plague of Iondon . He further stated , that he had received this information from his grandmother . —Notes ib Queries . A perfect Cuisk or Uitoi'sv bv Hollowav ' s Pills . —Mrs . liimliei't , of Swaii-street , Newcastle , bad enjoyed the best of Health until the meridian of life . At that critical period she was attncUi-d with dropsy , attended bv a very troublesonic cuiigh . Ihe medical aid of several very eminent practitioners was pvocui'ed , but their efforts failed to remove , or even abate , the rigour of the disease . The water m her body and letrs increas « d so rapidly , that fears were entertained that she could not long survive . At this crisis she commenced taking llolloway ' s Pills , which acted so powerfull y on her complaint , that its progress was immediately arrested , and iu the course of two months th « cure was complete .
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Wit At " Sraphy" Do Youngschoelbovs Like...
Wit at " sraphy" do youngschoelbovs like best ?—Top o » r ; ip ! iy . A nui : i : / i old gmilJeman , Ix-fog asked what he wished fm- dinner , replied- " An sippelile , goud company , something 10 eat , and a napkin . " Old Sir James Herring whs remonstrated with fornot r sing earlier— " I can make up my mind to it , said he , " bur cannot make up mv budv . " bAXiTAw Coxtiviality . — "Now " then , Gentlemen , suppose we lpve'iulmiVastlie Cnmmigiioners ot Sew-rs said to the Court id Alderman . BAi . DKitr . ASH for the Dai . .-K the growth of tho hsins promoted h y Macassar , will an Anti-Macassar have , a contrary effect . Table of I teukst . —The dinner-table . Physical Djpwcuitv . —Putting a blister on a hedgehog . How to TE / . t , Chalk from Cheese . —Endeavour to . make cheese out of L-mdon milk .
A negro once gave the following toast : — "Be late Gubernor oh de State—he come in wid bery little opposition , he got out wid none at . all . " Coxvsdrvm pok Lkoisiators . —AVliy do the Patent Laws lend to promote discovery ?—Because they tar invention . Conundrum for Cockneys Which has the greater amount of animal heat , the beaver or the otter ? -Wh y , of course , tiw otter of the two . Q . uestios is Compound Arithmetic . —If time is money , money is also time , of course ; then how many sn-onds are there in eighrcenpence , and how much time do ynu spend if you buy a shilling ' s-worth of strawberries ? Simplicity . —A good young manfrom thecountry , hearing of l atter-all ' s for the first time , inquires if " ltisaracged school ?"
Contradiction of CniME .-Jiivenile offenders always mm at concealment ; and yet they are generally very much afraid of a hiding . Fbmalk Poi . rnciANs . -Ividies are generally supposed to care little abont politics , yet the majority of them are strongly attached to parties , aud all good housekeepers are conservatives . Christmas Gamks . —Many a young lady who objects to being hissed under the mislctoe , has no obj' -ction to be kissed under the rose . The Herein of Famine . —The famous Dragon of Wantley > s related to have been so famished with hunger , that he once actually arc a raw Scotchman . A GKXTLF . MAN , pasting through a potatoe-patch , observed an Irishman planting some potatoes . He inquired of him what kind he had there?— "Raw ones to bo sure , ) ' replied the son of Erin ; "if they were boiled they wouldn ' t grow . "
A visible sicx . —A conch containing a young man and woman with one trunk oh behind— ' behind the coach , we mean—W pleasingly suggestive ol matrimony : but a half-dozen youm ; ones , and seven bandboxes , if much more suggestive—titer ' s no mistaking that sign . SdJtKTiir . VG smart . —A young lady having given a gentleman , who was not very remarkable for big taste in dress , a playful slap on the face , he called out , " You have made my eye smart . "— " Indeed , " said sbo ; " well , 1 am happy to have been the causa of making something smart about you . " Mea-uues of Time and Motion * . —The difference between these measures may be ascertained by taking a cab ; when , if you pay by time , the motion will be slow and the time lunjr , but if you pay by distance , the motion will be swift and the time short .
SrBAM f . noiNks in FiiANCE . —There are 5 , 00 T establishment in France where steam-engines are employed , rcpresenlin ? 65 , 120 horse power . The steamboats are 279 in number , of 22 , 393 horse power . The length of railway open is 1 , 3 D 7 English miles , worked by 725 locomotives , Ii ? Pkopi . k wear tight shoes , is it surprising they have corns ? If they swallow joison , or live unhealthily , is it surprising they are sick ? If they are vicious and improvident , is it surprising they become outcasts and destitute ? Nature ' s laws cannot
be expected to bo suspended in favour of vice and weakness , when they are not in favour of desert and intelligence . Tiik Common Prayer Hook . —It is taid that a cheek has been given to the printing of copies of the Book of Common Prayer , from the anticipation generally entertained that , at the instance of the episciipal authorities and other dignitaries of the Church of England , some modification of an Evangflical tendency will he introduced into the Liturgy . Ciwfi . VAi . s is iYkwoatk . —A decrease continues ia
the number of hoys committed to Newgate . In tt > 50 37 less than 1 S 19 , and in that year 13 less than ia 1813 ; making a total decrease of 110 in two years . The tntal number for the three Years was 2 S-1 , in 1818 , 211 in 18-19 , and 171 in 1850 . A Wast Suitliks . —The Roscommon Journal says , that a Scotchman in a neighbouring town put 11 placard in his shop window , stating that he " wanted a boy , " and the next morning on opening his door was surprised to find a basket lying outside , which , on opening , he found to contain a male child , with a label attached , having on it , " Hera he is J "
^ The Jury Ststem . —The Legal Observer , in no « tieing the statistics of County-Court practice during the last year , says . — " The disfavour into which jury trial , an institution as ancient as the days of Alfred , has fallon , is singularly manifested by the fact that , out of 220 , 403 cases , in which either party might have required a jury , there were only Sl ) 2 in which either party thought it desirable to invoke the assistance of that species of tribunal . " A . \ Ihisilma . v , who was very near-sighted , ahoufe to fight a duel , insisted that he should stand six paces nearer his antnuoiiist than the other did to him , and that they were both to fire at the same time . —This beats Sheridan ' s telling a fat man who was soing to fight a thin one , that the latter ' s slim , figure ought to be chalked on the other ' s portlyperson ^ and if the bullet hit him outside the chalk mark , it was to go for nnihinir .
JtKToitT Courteous . —The other day a harmless creature ( reckoned an idiot ) who is in the habit of rambling about as a begsar , and well known in Llunrwst and the part adjacent , as L ' ala J .-iek , was rudely accosted by a saucy elloiv who thought to make game of him , " I say , Jack , dos ' t wast a place , master wants a fool ?"— "Ay , indeed , ' replied Jack , eying him contemptuously , " want a fool , does he ? Then thou art going to leave , or else he requires a couple of us . " It ia needless to say the fellow was quite silenced . —Carnarvon Herald .
Flatteuiso Preference , —Two natives of the Marquesas Islands have been carried to France , The story runs , that on the voyage one of their fellow-passengers , fishing for a compliment , asked them which they liked best , the French or English ? " The Englidi , " a- g wered the man , smacking his lips ; " they are the fattest . "— " And a great deal more tender , '' chimed in the woman , with a grin that exhibited two rows of pointed teeth as sharp as a crocodile ' s . Tiik Romish Church . —The following very curious chronological table will show the progress
which corruption and error have made in the " infallible Church" —that Church which is the " mck , " and is alike unchanged and unchangeable : — " Holy Waterintroduccd 120 ; Penance 157 ; Monkery 328 ; Mass in Latin 304 ; Extreme Unction 550 ; Purgatory 503 ; Invocation of Virgin and Saints 593 ; Papal Usurpition 607 ; Kissing the Pipe ' s Toe 709 ; Ima ^ c Worship 715 ; Canonisation 903 ; Baptism of Bo'ls 1 , 000 ; Transubstantiation 1 , 000 ; Celibacy of Priesthood 1 , 015 ; Indulr gences 1 . 19 G ; Dispensations 1 , 200 ; Inquisition 1 , 204 ; Auricular Confession 1 , 215 ; Elevation of the Host 1 , 222 . "—Humcr ' s Chronoloav .
Short Sight . —Dr . Turnbull says , in the Medical Gazette , " It has struck me that , if we could discover any substance which could be so applied as to contract the iris , one cause of the effect of short-sightedness would he remedied . The result , I amhappy to say , has been most satisfactory . In the first instance I applied the extract of ginger , which was rubbed for five or ten minutes over the whole forehead , with a view of acting upon the fit pair of nerves . Afterwards I substituted a concentrated tincture ofthe strength of one / iart of ginger to two parts of spirits of wine , decolorized by animal charcoal . The success of th ^ application was remarkable . In many cases it had the effect of doubling the vision . "
The Hbight or Impudence . —Some time ago . a fellow was charged in t ie Glasgow Police Court with stealing a herring larrl from a person in Stoekwellstreet . After the cnarge had beei ^ proved , the principal accuser addressed the magistrate : — " Deed , Sir Baillic , the man at the bar is a great vogue ; the s tealing « f the barrel is naething to some of his tricks . He Bt » lo my sign-board last week , and what docs vo « - Honour think he did wi ' t ?"—Magistrate ; " That would be hard for me to saw "— " Wee ! , sir , Ttell ye . lie brought it into me ain shop , wi' my af » name on ' t , and offered to sell mc ' t , as he said he thnujiht it would he 0 ' mair use to me than ouybody else !'
Extracts from the Iuisir Hub and Crt . — . Tony Cowan is advertised as having lost "a pig with , a very long tail , and a black spot on the tip of his snout that curls up behind . "—A cow is described as " very difficult to milk , and of no use to any onebut the owner , with one horn much longer than the other . "—John Hawkins is alluded to as having " a pair of quick grey eyes , with little or no whiskers , and a Roman nose , that bus a great difficulty in looking any one in the face . "—Betsy Waterton is accused of having " absconded with a client of drawers and a cock and hen , and has r d hair and a broken tooth , none of which are her own . "—The malinger of the savings bank at Duiil ' erry , near Goofowran , is spoken of in these terms : ^ a " on , when last seen , a pair a tremendous squint , rather sides an affected lisp , whichr ceal with a pair of gold his portrait taken in the bis little or no hair , but nose , which is dyed black a ™* --
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 11, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11011851/page/3/
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