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I U N R TO THE FRIENDS OF HUNGARY.everyt...
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TO THE FRIENDS OF HUNGARY. Fellow Citize...
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INDEPENDENCE OF HUNGARY. WESTMINSTER REF...
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KENSIlfGTOS
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MEETING AT CARDIFF. A public meeting was...
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SHEFFIELD. The cause of the Hungarians i...
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EDINBURGH. A public meeting of the citiz...
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PARLIAMENTARY AND FINANCIAL REFORM. GREE...
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READING ELECTION. THE NOMINATION. Mosdat...
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THE MINERS OF THE NORTH. TO THE EDITOR O...
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ExTRMmniNAnY Conduct of a. Wife. — An in...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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I U N R To The Friends Of Hungary.Everyt...
I August U , 1849 . THE N 0 RTHER y STAR k . —¦ ¦ : .--- ¦__ s
To The Friends Of Hungary. Fellow Citize...
TO THE FRIENDS OF HUNGARY . Fellow Citizens , Instead of my usual Letter to the "Working Classes , I prefer , this week , to address the friends of Hungary without distinction of class . Recentl y I hare had the pleasure of addressing public meetings composed of all ranks , and on each occasion , my object being to serve the holy cause of Hungarian freedom , TO tmraiESPS OP HILARY ,
p [ hare been courteously listened to by the [ rich as well as by the poor , —by those who ' dissent from , as well as by those who agree ^ ith , my ultra-democratic princi ples . On the platform I hare not encountered even a ^ hisper of opposition . Those who have heard jine , doing justice to my motives , have not subjected my words to factious criticism . A jrery different course has been pursued by certain " gentlemen" belonging to the
Fress-W ~ The abuse and misrepresentation indulged an by the Times could surprise no one . The pritter and unscrupulous enemy of all who ad-Irocate the Hungarian cause , that journal only fcacted consistently in g iving the AttorneypEfeneral a hint that my speed y ap p earance at fthe Old Bailey was desirable ; such being the Sneaning of associating my name with that gdtar of Chartist immolation . I have now to gacpose calumny and misrepresentation much ignore dastardly and vindictive on the part gf the Weekly Dispatch and Noncon f ormist g-professed advocates of the Hungarian cause !
P In the usual letter of "Publicola" the ^ second—otherwise the 2 ?« 7 . W . J . Fos , M . F l | br Oldham , which the reader will find in the Wispatch of Sunday last , that writer comments ijon what he calls a " tr ick" "played upon the pdarylebone meeting , ** and adds : " Mr . P' Julias TLhsxey nsurped the functions of i g the Chairman , and called for a show of i f hands in favour of going to war with ^ Russia and Austria . Had Mr , JULIAN
g * Habxe y been the hired agent ofthe despots p * of those countries , he could not more em ^' ciently have served his employers * * * I ' This country is by no means destitute of 0 ' Russian spies and emissaries , and no honest I ' man should volunteer , or blunder into , ' if doing their dirt y work . Let tbe people be I' on their guard against any future mystificay ? ' tions of this sort . Tv " e are not going to | " war ; we are not likely to go to war ; and " f what will help the Hungarians , or any other ' $ ' people battling for their rights , is the decijf' sion and dignified expression of opinion ; not £ ' bluster and braggadocia . "
I Another anonymous writer , in the same paper , who sets himself np as advisergeneral of the people ^ and has a good ideal to say concerning the fitness of § 'leaders , " writes as follows : — "I have £ ' heard William Lovett , and felt that every £ ' word he spoke was the conviction of a wise I'heart I have heard Kydd reprove the ' i people's faults as earnestly as those of their jf' antagonists . I have seen Clakk step forg ' ward and do the work of a great leader . £ * There may be many others , worthy to stand £ ' beside these , whom I do not know . These
f' I enumerate as men whom , I believe , the f' most advanced folly trust . I believe them " to be also capable of earning the full trust of " men who entertain more cautious opinions . " How , then , can any meeting permit itself to " be swayed by such pretenders as the Julias " HarSEYS ? Are not the errors of 1848 ! J branded on them ? "Wh y are the best '' causes , such as that of the independence of 1 Hungary , disgraced if they cannot be perilled : t by their patronage ? ' *
The Editor of the Nonconformist—quite in tccordance with his Christian character , exlibiting that charity " which thinketh no iril , " and that humility which so well becomes us Holiness , the Hi gh-priest of the Cromvellians—vituperates after a fashion which vould do honour to " JbnjvofTuam . " Hedeurances the " scene" at the Marylebone meetng as " sheer , contemptible brag "— " ascoin-* plete apiece of folly , as downright and stupid 4 ablunderasphysical-forceGhartism , orLEi > K 0 'Rollix Republicanism . " But this gentle hepherd , not satisfied with denouncing the Chartist " whose name is not altogether
unsown , " must needs pour out his wrath upon he entire meeting . If the men of Maryleone were in earnest when they responded to it appeal , why , then , says the reverend iLULL , they were "demented—that is all !" M y answer to this three-fold attack shall e simply an account of my conduct at the reent public meetings , together with a few enervations in vindication of the policy I have dvocated at the said meetings . At the London Tavern , I sought not to ddress the meeting ; on the contrary , I was ought for . Long before presenting myself o the Chan-man , I was called for by the eople , and I would not have spoken at all , had
ot the great body of the meeting persisted in houting my name even when "honourable " nd " right honourable" speakers presented tiemsehres to speak to the several resolutions , it that meeting , although I did not call for a how of hands , I took the line of argument Inch I repeated at the Marylebone meeting : grounded my advocacy of the Hungarian ause on the fact that the Hungarian struggle ras for social justice as Avell as national indeendence ; I expressed my thorough dissent r om the praise lavished upon Lord Palxertox ; and I closed my speech by advocating Jritish support of Hungarian
independenceneed were—by arms . Even b y those who ad thrown the meeting into confusion by very ujustly attempting to prevent Mr . Reynolds leaking—I was listened to with attention , ud the applause of the great body of the leeting , found no inconsiderable echo on the latfomv With a full knowledge of my views , and iy mode of expressing those views , the Farylebone Committee invited my attendance t the meeting in the Riding School , andreuested me to move or second a resolution . I ssented : I had , however , another and a still etter invitation than the Committee ' s—the
nviiation of the people themselves . Long > efore my- turn came to speak , I was loudl y md almost universally called for , so much so , ndeed , that Lord Dudley Stuart , in reply » the shouting ofthe people , said : " Pray be ' patient , and keep order . Mr . Harney has ' aresolution , and will speak presently . " In witting the meeting to the test as to the kind > f " sympathy" England ought to afford to aungary , "Publicota" says that I " usurped : he functions of the Chairman . " Two curses only were open to me to ascertain the entiments of the people ; either the course I rarsued , or that of moving an amendment on he resolutions prepared by the Committee . SVith my convictions , I felt bound to take the » ne course or the other . An amendment I
as averse to , because I dreaded exciting even le semblance of division—hence I called for show of hands , at the same time I expressly isavowed any desire to usurp the functions of xe Chairman—such were my very words . Fith the result I was well satisfied . "Nearly verv one present , " says the reporter , " obeyed ic c ' all . He then put the contrary question nd not a hand was raised . " A " great fact , lost galling to my . censors . Parson Miall avenges himself by denouncing the entire
leetingas " demented r Men of Marylebone , yon know best if you rere in earnest in responding to my ^ appeal , ' or my part , I have faith in your sincerity , nd I fear not that you have good sense suffiient to enable you to estimate and pass judglenton Your demented slanderer . Shame mi ie man who las dared to ridicule , and tned > fasten contempt on your patriotic and geerous enthnsiasm ! To prove further that I have acted in per-<; t < mod faith , and been anxious to avoid
To The Friends Of Hungary. Fellow Citize...
everything calculated to cause division , I may state , that it coming to my knowled ge after my arrival atthe meeting in the Riding School , that one of the resolutions contained certain wordswhichconscientipuslylcouldnotbeaparty to , I requested that the said words might be withdrawn , atthe same time observing , that if those words were not withdrawn , I should feel myself obliged to propose an amendment , a course which I earnestly desired to avoid ! My objections were listened to , and the obnoxious words withdrawn . Had Ibeen anxious for personal display , I should have stated my ^ og ^ c ^ to """ ^^ ^
objections to the resolution not to the Committee , but to the public , and proposed an amendment ; and that amendment , I know I could have carried triumphantly . Let me add . that both at the London Tavern , and the Ma i rylebone Riding School , my remarks earned me the hearty grasp of the hand , and the warm thanks , of more than one Hungarian . On this head I could say more , but enough . The thanks of even one of that brave people is more than sufficient compensation for the calumnies of anonymous slanderers . A few days after the Marylebone meeting I received an invitation from the dotting Hill Committee , to attend the meeting which tooki
place in that district on Monday last , and which was attended by Lord Dudxey Stuabt , and other M . P . ' s . I regret to add that illness prevented my attendance . To the invitations I have received from friends in Kent , and other parts ofthe country , I can only say that , for a week or two , I cannot leave London ; but ere this month ends I hope to be able to do so . I am happy to learn through letters received from very many places , that the people are not so "demented" as to swallow the " peace-at-any-price" dogma ; on the contrary , they vote with Marylebone , to take the side of Justice , Freedom , and Humanity , at any cost and at all hazards .
The Dispatch and Nonconformist single me out for denunciation as though no Other speaker had talked of war in behalf of Hungary . Let me remind you that Mr . Wyld , MP ., who rose to speak before I addressed the Marylebone meeting , " said ; " A few . words were feeble against hordes of Cossacks and Muscovites , but a . few ships of war which we had to keep up doing nothing , if sent to the Baltic and to pay their respects to Cronstadt , would speedily cause the Russian Emperor to withdrawhistroops fromHungary . " ( Cheers . ) Mr . BEAisaid ; "It would seem that it was
the wish of the meeting , that the members of the Government should not only recognise the independence of Hungary b y their words , but by their deeds also , if necessary . ( Cheers . ) He had the utmost pleasure in seconding the resolution upon that understanding and that ground . " Mr . Hoggins " expressed a wish that the Foreign Enlishment Act did not exist , in order that he mi ght have taken a drum and beaten up for recruits for Hungary . " At a meeting at Hackney Mr . Russell talked of England sending a few lice-of-battle ships and light-armed steamers to Cronstadt , Odessa , and St . Petersburg , to " singe the
bear s whiskers . " At the Netting Hill meeting , Mr . J . A . St . Joim said : " Hungary must not be allowed to fall ; and if peaceful sympathy rendered her no substantial help , then must the people of England call upon the Government to go to war on her behalf . " ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Nicholaysaid , "IfEnglish sympathy would have no eiFect upon Austria and " Russia , he had sufficient confidence in his countrymen to believe that thousands of them were , like himself , ready to enter the battle-field in support ofthe Hungarian cause . " ( Cheers . ) At the same meeting Colonel Reid , United States , announced himself to be " at the head of a band of
Americans who had arrived in this metropolis on their way to Hungary , to place their swords and lives at the disposal of her people . " Three hearty rounds of cheers were given for the Colonel and Ms gallant companions . "Ofthe provincial meetings I can only make room to notice one . At a great meeting in the Town-hall , Leicester , the Mayor , TV . Biggs , Esq ., presided , and , says the WeeJdy News , ( late Douglas Jerrold ' s Newspaper ) , " advocated the immediate recognition of the independence of Hungary by the British , regardless of the fear ot * war with Russia , and
the support of that recognition even with arms if necessary . " These sentiments , adds the report , " were echoed by most of the speakers , and almost to a man by the vast assembly !" Tou see , if lam a " firebrand , " a "physical forcist , " & c , I have the honour to rank with " very respectable" company . "Will the Dispatch and Nonconformist , denounce Mr . "Wyld , or Messrs . Beal , Hoggins , Russell , St . John , Nicholay , and Biggs , as " braggarts , " " pretenders , " and " tools of the Russian and Austrian despots ? " Will " Publicola" describe the " three hearty rounds oi cheers" given for Colonel Reid , as "
braggadocia ; " or will Miall dare to pronounce the Leicester people "demented ? " No ! Why , then , am I singled out for denunciation ? Because the Shams of the Dispatch and Nonconformist know that I am neither to be bullied nor flattered , neither persecuted nor cajoled into abandoning the cause of uncompromising and eternal Justice . The Dispatch and Nonconformist desire , by exciting public prejudice , to prevent me speaking for my Order at future public assemblies ; but , relying on the sound sense and stern integrity of the people , I can afford to def y the malice of such cowardly foes .
I am sorry that I have had to speak so much of myself in this Letter ; and 1 am still more sorry that I must postpone the greater part of that which I desired to advance in vindication ofthe policy of aiding the Hungarians by arms . I will , this week , only say , that if all our meetings , speech-making , and resolution-passing , are not calculated , nor intended , to give birth to more potent " sympathy , " then the entire agitation will prove but " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare . " The sneering priest of the Nonconformist observes : — " 'Tis easy to be brave by proxy . " I echo his words , for most fitly they apply to such sympathisers as Mmself . It is easy to cry , — " Go it , ye brave Hungarians ! Brave the wrath of the Russian
and Austrian despots ! Risk the massacre of your wives and children ! Let your fields be given to rapine , and your cities to the flames ' Fight , and die to the last man rather than y ield ! '' All this is easy enough for " peace-atany-price" sympathisers . It is easy to cheer on Bem and Dembinski , and Colonel Reid and his gallant companions ; it is easy to applaud Poles and Americans for pouring out their blood in defence of Hungary . ^ To be " brave by proxy , " after this fashion , is agreeable enough to the Dispatch and Nonconformist ^ and the rest of the word-mongering sympathisers , who trade upon popular enthusiasm and derive profit from struggles in which they take no part , and sufferings in which they
have no share . Should the Hungarians finally conquer their enemies without the aid of English physical force , they will owe nothing to this country , nor be indebted one iota to the speech-making sympathisers ; on the other hand , should they fail and share the doom of the Poles , they will , most justly , bequeath their dy ing curse to this nation , which might have saved them from ruin , and at the same time secured the eternal supremacy of freedom in Eastern Europe .
If I am at all able to write I shall have more to urge on this subject next week . I am sorry to say that the news from Vienna , throug h Paris , received this day , is unfavourable to the Hungarians . The news may be false , and I trust it may prove so . That the Vienna j ournals and the French telegraph are most proficieniin lying , we all know . Still , while hoping for the best , it would be as well to anticipate the worst . One thing is certain , that the two despots are launching new armies
To The Friends Of Hungary. Fellow Citize...
against the Hungarians , hoping to conquer 2 i r * . k"I and Magyar heroism by overwhelming bmte force . T ± e two cr 0 wned murderers will employ all their resources , rather than be foiled in their desperate attempt to save their own dominions from revolution and dismemberment , which would inevitably follow the complete and final triumph of the Hungarians . 1 have the most implicit faith in the devoted heroism of that glorious people , but , nevertheless , if they are only to find lipsympathy on the part of England , I tremble for the issue .
It is time—high time—that preparations were being made for holding great public meetings in Lambeth , Southwark , the Tower Ham * lets , and Finsbury . I understand that a requisition has been , or is about being , presented to the High Bailiff of Westminster , requesting that functionary to convene an open-air meeting , which will be held either in Palace-yard , or Covent-garden . The day is yet uncertain ; but I trust the working men of Westminster will be on the look-out for the advertisements and placards , and on the day of meeting attend in their thousands , and peaceably and legall DO THEIR
y DUTY . G . JULIAN HARNEY , August Dfcb , 1849 . * ¦ P * J ?'""" 1 naTe received a communication from Glasgow , informing me of a great public meeting held on the fourth of July last in that city , no notice of which has , up to this time , appeared in the Star . Of course , it would be out of place to publish the report now ; but I may state , that the meeting , which was most numerously attended , was held in the City Hall , for the purpose of sympathising with
the Romans , Hungarians , and Germans . Councillor James Moir presided , and delivered one of the ablest speeches it was ever my good fortune to read . The petition and resolutions were proposed by the Rev . C . Clarke , Mr . W . S , Bhown , Mr . Maicolm , Mr . Mc . Farlajje , Mr . D . Paul , Mr . G . Adams , Mr . Macdonald , Mr . D . Sherrington , and Mr . Paton . Tho speeches appear to have been of the first order , and excited the greatest enthusiasm . It is to be regretted that our Glasgow friends did not furnish a report to the Star . I am not in the habit of
seeing any Glasgow papers , and consequently was unaware of the meeting until this week . G . J , H .
Independence Of Hungary. Westminster Ref...
INDEPENDENCE OF HUNGARY . WESTMINSTER REFORM ASSOCIATION . A meeting of this society was convened on Monday evening at their rooms at the York Hotel , Upper Wellington-street , Strand , for the purpose of considering in what manner sympathy or aid could be given to the Hungarians in the struggle against the invaders of their country . Mr . Probt , on taking the chair , said that ever since the commencement of that struggle he felt the deepest anxiety for the success of the Hungarians—a struggle on the part of an independent country governed by its own laws and institutions , and holding a compact with a king , the breach of which by that king was calculated to lesson or destroy it as much as if it were violated by the neonle .
( Hear . ) The Emperor of Austria having refused to be made king at Pesth failed in fulfilling his compact , and in that way became a traitor to Hungarian liberty . Not satisfied with that , he called upon the barbarians ofthe north to assist him in laying waste , with fire and sword , the country of tho Hunfarian people . It therefore behoved them as Inglishmen , who loved liberty , and were determined to have a full representation for themselves , not only to sympathise with the Hungarians , but to aid them by their purse , so as to prevent that rapine and murder which it was the object of those northern barbarians to carry on wi ? h a view to the subjection of the Hungarian nation . If they admitted a Russian autocracy into southern Europe
he did not think they would much longer enjoy an overland mail from India . Indeed , such an advance would so affect this country , geographically , commercially , and statistically , as fuUy to justify this country in declaring at once the independence of tho Hungarian nation . ( Cheers . ) Such would , he thought , be a wise course , in order to prevent the designs of Russia upon Galicia , and ultimately upon Turkey . ( Hear , hear . ) Tlie Chairman then alluded to the interference of France in Rome , denouncing it as unjust , and particularly so when regarded as an attempt to impose a church government , a government whicli ought not to be tolerated in the nineteenth century . The church should rest upon its own merits , whether of evangeifcal
doctrine or any other . France , therefore , was wrong in sending an army to Rome for the purpose of upholding church government . What France ought to have done was to have placed 50 , 009 men in the north of Italy , and said , "We mean to allow the Italian people to have their freedom ; " —( hear , hear)—and 10 J > , 000 men on the hanks of the Rhine , and said , " So soon as the Russians cross the Hungarian frontier we will cross the Rhine . " By such a course war would have been prevented , and the peace of Europe preserved . Mi-. W . Geesin then moved the following resolution : — " That it is the opinion of this society that the Emperor of Austria , as King of Hungary , has violated his compact with the Hungarian nation , and , therefore , that as Englishmen , wo publicly declare our deepest sympathy with that people , and unanimously proclaim our disgust and horror at the
traitorous conduct of the Austrian Emperor in calling to his assistance the serfs and Cossacks of Russia for the purpose of devastating witli fire and sword that interesting country , destroying its inhabitants , and binding m chains and slavery a brave people engaged in the noble cause of maintaining their civil and religious liberties . " Dr . Brett seconded the resolution , because the manifest and declared written rights of Hungary sanctioned by ancient monarchs , had been grossly and inhumanly violated by the Emperor of Austria . Dr . Rogers ( of the Reform . Association of St . Anne's ) , after dwelling on the character of the Hungarian struggle , which he likened to that ofthe English people when they righteously brought Charles to the block , suggested the propriety of a great public meeting in furtherance of the objects of the meeting .
Mr . Lancaster did not think the association was sufficiently powerful to denounce kings and countries in such strong language , which should he reserved for a public meeting , the present being only a preliminary one . He therefore moved to substitute a resolution to the eftect , simply of a declaration of sympathy with , and a pledge to assist the Hungarians . No seconder being found , the original resolution was put and carried nem . con . After a conversation , which was originated by Mi-. M'Intyre , who bore strong testimony as to the anxiety of the lower classes to join in some great public demonstration in favour of the Hungarian cause , resolutions were passed for calling a public meeting and collecting subscriptions for effecting that object . Several sovereigns and half-sovereigns were subscribed on the moment , and thanks hasiiw been voted to the chairman , the meeting separated .
Kensilfgtos
KENSIlfGTOS
On Monday evening , pursuant to public announcement , an exceedingly crowded meeting ofthe inhabitants of Kensington took place at the Prince Albert Tavern , Netting Hill , for the purpose of expressing sympathy with the noble , maligned , and betraved Hungarians . . Mr . DunsroRD , of Netting Hill , occupied the chair : and amongst those present were Lord Dudley Stuart , M . P ., Mr . T . M'Cullagh , M . P ., J . A . St . John , Esq ., W . Birkbeck , Esq ., J . A . Nicholay , Esq ., John Wilson , Esq ., Capt . Mayne Reid , ot the United States army , P . T . Atkinson , Esq ., James Ward , Esq ., & e . ' . The Chairman having briefly explained the objects ofthe meeting , read letters from Lord Robert Grosvenor . M . P ., Sir B . Hall , Bart ., M . P ., Mr . Hume , M . P ., Mr . Wyld , M . P ., and other members of Parliament , expressing their approbation of the objects of the meeting , and their regret at unavoidable
absence Mr ! Wahd moved the first resolution . He said he believed that , whatever might he the differences of the people of this country upon other matters , he thoug ht there was lut one feeling with regard to the struggle of the Hungarians amongst the people of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) The position of Hungary was that of a nation fighting for their liberties . Thev werefighting for liberties against the Austrian government , ° whic 1 ihad ever violated its compacts with the Hungarian people . He concluded by moving a resolution exoressive ofthe greatest
admiration , respect , and sympathy at the noble determination ofthe Hungarian nation to maintain the just rights and the constitutional independence they had inherited fiom their fathers , against the tyrannical encroachments of Austrian despotism . Mr . T . M'Cdxlaoh , M . P ., seconded the resolution . England had already spoken out , and the echo was to be raised in the same shout for Hungary that day in the metropolis of Scotland . ( Cheers . ) It was , therefore , only becoming of him , as an Irishman , on the part of his country , to say that they also gave their hearty good cheers for the
Kensilfgtos
Hungarian nation , who were so nobly leading tho IT £ n c , wl ' I atl ° n on the continent . ( Cheers . ) The non . gentleman , at some length , denounced the co „ ? j A" 8 'na ^ d the interference of Russia , and concluded 1 by ' expressing his conviction that if the people of the United Kingdom were determined this country could decide the victory . ( Cheers . ) loud cEs WaS CarHea unan ' » 10 u 5 ly amidst J 2 E ? , J " y » ' M . P ., rose to move tho second resolution . and was received with several SUiu &^ . f ? Iastlc u cheering . Hc expressed his £ 2 h nLnfT g the ™ an ™ ° u 3 feeling of the H in rfja from one end ofthe kingdom to the other , m favour of . thestr uggle of the Hungarian ? atl 0 ^" - md , Sna"on attheionduct of their ruth-,,
if M ^ SlZr ' n- ? . of London , the boroughs SrSlcoX' ^ r " ^^ ' Le 5 ces ^ » 0 ardiff > and Wd frnm 5 fi ^ 'ead )' he , d their meetings . They SnbnrTmifA 0 ! J- member for »" ndaII < that S ? cTter and L Spotf'Z ^> ^ ^ nhf , n y W fnll «« r + 1 ' atl ( 1 0 tuCr P laCC 9 WG 1 ' 6 Lntiments of fZJ * 'W ' ( Cheers 0 The were ever £ dv tV' ? 10 ' M ^ e English nation , n \« on struS I a ? kn ™ edge and to support a nation scrugginig for \ m liberies tUeiA 'Vhe emissaries of Austria were it ^ 11 SrlZ' mPfitin » hplri in }{ , « i ^ ork » and at the great dav w " ek caJe had w 5 ° . of Marylebone that ( Cheers . ) A Li onYJ „» ' »/ . eminent . form of frOTOrntrmn * -j ? I , gllt t 0 choOSe » tS OWn ™ rm 0 I , £ ?\ erninent » without anv forei ™ ini ™ f fi . ivueers
rence . ; The struggle goinjr on in Hun-Ev but ° A" str" ? Sle > SK religious taSothi ^ f ast uggIo of the highest impor-• nfp , w , wiL . ? UDt , ry ' """ mhk * as its commercial $ v ™ lZZVaV ° lV 0 ? m the Vwtion . The house of Hapsburgh and Austria had ever been the enemies and the persecutors of religion . They shot their prisoners of war in cold bloou ? thej So he scourgers otwomen ; .. and to show . their impartllity they , bad recently hung Protestant and Catholic ministers of religion on the same gallows . ( Shame . ) Ine noble lord concluded an eloquent address by moving aresolution to the eftect : — "That the meeting viewed with detestation and horror the barbarous manner m which the Austrian and Russian generals are prosecuting the war against the brave Hungarians , and considered their brutal and bkodthii'Sty conduct deserving ofthe just and indignant reprobation of all civilised nation ' s . "
Mr . St . Joun seconded this resolution , which was also earr . ed . Mr . Nicolat moved the third resolution : — " That the meeting considers the military interference of Russia in the affairs of Hungary wholly unjustifiable , and a gross violation of the law of natians , the indefeasible rights of Hungary , and perilous to the peace , the freedom , and general welfare of Europe . " Mr . Lono seconded tbe motion , which was also carried . Other resolutions were adopted , including one expressive of satisfaction and admiration at the protest of the Ottoman Porte , and its refusal to allow the Russian troops to pass through the Turkish territory . It was understood that this svas In compliment to some members of tho Turkish embassy , who were present . The meeting , after thanks to the chairman , separated at a late hour .
Meeting At Cardiff. A Public Meeting Was...
MEETING AT CARDIFF . A public meeting was held on Friday evening in the Town Hall , Charles Vac-hell , Esq ., in the chair , for the purpose of expressing sympathy with the Hungarians in their noble struggle against Austria and Russia , and aiding them by subscriptions in their behalf . The Town-hall was soon filled to suffocation , and the meeting adjourned to the square outside ^ where there were at least 2 , 500 persons present . The following resolutions were adopted : — "That , in the opinion of this meeting , the struggle of the Hungarian people to maintain their independence , and to vindicate their personal and constitutional liberties , entitles them to receive the warm sympathies of all classes of the people of England and Wales . "
" That this meeting earnestly calls upon the British government to recognise the independence of the Hungarian nation , and to negotiate a commercial treaty with that country , that the moral and peaceful support of this great empire may be given to a noble people who are vindicating not only their own freedom , but the interests of civilisation and libertv against the camarilla of Austria and the barbarians of Russia . " " That the foregoing resolutions , together with any ? subscriptions that may be obtained , be forwarded to the friends of Hungary in London nonacting on their behalf . "
Sheffield. The Cause Of The Hungarians I...
SHEFFIELD . The cause of the Hungarians in Sheffield is oxciting much interest and enthusiasm . The Chartists had a large meeting on Monday evening in Paradise-square ; Mr . Councillor Ironside presided . The requisition calling the meeting was signed by eleven town councillors , The Chairman opened the proceedings with a spirited address , calling upon the leading men of the middle class to assist the brave Hungarians against the barbarian despots of Austria and Russia , with their influence and their purse . He next called upon Mr . It . Otley to move the first resolution , which was to memorialise her Majesty and her government to immediately recognise the independence of the-Hungarian nation , and calling upon her to employ her imperial authority , and
that ofthe British nation , to put an end to the sanguinary war , in which the righteous principles of justice are so grossly violated by Russia and Austria . —Mr . R . Otley supported the motion by demonstrating the impossibility of the sword subduing and holding in subjection the spirit of a nation endowed with intelligence and the love of political liberty and equality . He denounced Lord Brou « nftin as a political renegade . Adverted to Lord ° Byron , who gave his fortune and his life for the liberties of Greece , which , like the phoenix consumed by fire , yet rises again from its ashes to immortality ; and , ; , in conclusion , called upon the British people to imitate so illustrious an example . — Mr . Seward , seconded tho motion ; he pleaded with
considerable force for the Hungarians ; denouncing the tyrants of Russia and Austria in no measured terms . The motion was passed unanimously . —Mr . Robinson , late of London , moved the memorial . ( He was received with cheers . ) He commenced by observing , that a previous speaker had said , that the tyrants of Russia and Austria merited to be sent into Siberia ; but he was of opinion that Siberia was too holy a place , every foot of land there had been sanctified by the blood of the martyrs . In his opinion , these tyrants should be doomed to a place much hotter , in which dwelt a personage of whom the parsons spoke so much . He dwelt much upon the sufferings and bravery ofthe Hungarians , and recommended tho people of Sheffield to support their cause to the . utmost of their ability . —Mr . Bucklev , seconded the . memorial ; he entertained
the meeting with lively and true Irish wit ; gave the Sheffield Times a sound castigation for their falsely reporting him at a previous meeting , and was much cheered during his address . —It was then moved and seconded , that a subscription should be entered into for the Hungarians . In conclusion three groans were given for the special constable President of France ; three cheers for the people of France ; three cheers for the Romans ; three cheers for Mr . Roebuck ' s speeches in the Ilouso of Commons in favour of Italy and ilio Hungarians ; and , in conclusion , three cheers for the brave Hungarians and their illustrious generals . This was tho largest and most enthusiastic meeting that has been held in Sheffield for some time . Tito meeting was adjourned to the following Monday , at the top of Sheffield Moor .
Edinburgh. A Public Meeting Of The Citiz...
EDINBURGH . A public meeting of the citizens of Edinburgh was held in tho Music-hall , on Monday , for the purpose of " expressing , sympathy with the Hungarian nation in their glorious struggle for constitutional freedom . " On the platform were : —Mr . Cowan , M . P ., the Lord Provost , Count Krazinski ; the Rev . Drs . Alexander , Brown , and Ilotherington ; Mr . Makgill Crighton , of Rankeillour ; Baillie Stott ; Councillors Gray and Ridpath ; Mr . James Moncrieff , Advocate ; Mr . A . Dunlop , Advocate , Mr . Duncan , S . S . C . ; Mr . J . P . Macfarlen ; Mr . William M'CHe ; Mr . Georare Lees . A . M .. & c .
On the motion of Mr . M'CniE , the Lord Provost was called upon to preside . Mr . Cowan , M . P ., proposed , and the Rev . Dr . Altjxasder seconded the following resolution : — " That this meeting heartily sympathises with the Hungarian nation in the noble and determined efforts which they are now making to maintain their constitutional independence , and to secure the permanent enjoyment of civil and religious liberty ; which efforts , the meeting ardently hopes , may soon , by the blessing of God , be crowned with a glorious success . "
The resolution was then put to the meeting , and enthusiastically carried . Mr . A . Dunlop , advocate , proposed the next resolution : — " That this meeting deeply deplore the war waged by the Austrian authorities , and that with such barbarous cruelty , against the independence and liberty of Hungary , and deprecate in the strongest manner the armed interference of Russia with the settlement of a question between the house of Hapsburg and the Hungarian nation , as unwarranted and oppressive in itself , hostile to the rights of an independent people , perilous to the peace of Europe , and threatening even to endanger ultimately its civilisation and freedom . "
Edinburgh. A Public Meeting Of The Citiz...
The resolution was seconded by Mr . Fraseb , a wo man , and unanimously carried . The Rev . Dr . Hethekinoton moved the next resolution , which was as follows : — " That , in the opinion of tho meeting , the government of Great Britain should embrace every opportunity of pressing upon that of Austria the duty of abandoning the attempt which ,-with foreign aid , it is now carrying on to crush the independence of Hungary , and to overthrow that constitution which the sovereigns of Austria have uniformly acknowledged and sworn to maintain , and of remonstrating with the Emperor of Russia on his interference by force of arms in the internal affairs of another country . " Mr . James Moncrieff having seconded the resolution , the Lord Provost proceeded tojput it , when Glover .
Dr . Wm . rose from his seat on tho platform for the purpose of moving an amendment , as follows : — " That the meeting was of opinion that the Royal House of Austria or Hapsburg had forfeited all claim to the throne of Hungary , and that the Hungarians had a perfect right to choose what form of government they thought proper , independent of ail foreign interference , and that the meeting memorialise her Majesty to acknowledge the independence of Hungary and its existing government , and to withdraw her ambassadors from the courts of Russia , Austria , France , and every other government violating the laws of nations and the rights of humanity . ' On being put to the meeting , the resolution was declared carried . Mr . Brown ( a working man , ) seconded by Mr . J . F . Macpaulas e , moved the following resolution ,
which was also adopted : — " That a memorial be presented , in the name of this meeting , to her Majesty's government , through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs , praying and urging them without delay to use their influence with Austria and Russia for puting a stop to the warfare and armed interference so much deprecated by this meeting ; and , further , to endeavour to bring about the restoration of peace on a basis which shall secure , in a manner satisfactory to the people of Hungary , their religious and civil liberties and rights . " On the motion of Mr . Harrison , it was agreed to prepare a suitable address to tho Hungarian nation , to he transmitted to Kossuth ; and after a vote of thanks was given to the Lord Provost , on the motion of Mr . Duncan , S . S . C , the meeting separated .
Parliamentary And Financial Reform. Gree...
PARLIAMENTARY AND FINANCIAL REFORM . GREENWICH . A meeting of the Greenwich Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association was held on Tuesday evening in Providence Chapel , Powis-street , Woolwich , G . TV * . Masters , Esq ., in the chair , in the place of John "VYade , Esq ., who was absent in consequence of the sudden death of one of his family . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Habdman , Bligh , Ti . vdai . and Atkinson , and a resolution in accordance with the object of the society was carried . A vote of thanks was then passed by acclamation to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
Reading Election. The Nomination. Mosdat...
READING ELECTION . THE NOMINATION . Mosdat . —The town was kept in a state of commotion from rather an early hour by the bands and banners of two of the candidates parading the streets . The excitement reached its utmost height , when an address appeared from another candidate , making a total of five , who in their political sentiments varied from high Toryism to Chartism . The new candidate is Mr . Thos . Korton , who , for a period of twelve years , held a seat on the judicial bench in Newfoundland , and he appears to solicit the suffrages of the liberal electors . This gentleman was introduced by Mi * . George Thompson , M . P . for the Tower Hamlets , and his address was in circulation a few hours prior to the time appointed for the nomination .
The preliminary proceedings having been gone through by the Mayor and Town-clerk , Mr . T . Salmon proposed Mr . George Bowyer as a fit and proper person to represent this borough in parliament . ( Cheers and confusion . ) Mr . Lktchwortii seconded the nomination . Mr . Bowyer said he stood before them to ask their suffrages ; he did not come as the nominee of any person or set of persons , hut as the honest exponent of those great principles of national improvement and progress which were maintained by the liberal constituency of this borough , and triumphantly maintained by their zeal , patriotism , and union . lie was not brought here by any strange member of parliament , but he came uninvited , believing that the liberal constituency wanted aoandidate . There
wasnoeandidate in the field , ho came down and offered himself , feeling a deep interest in the borough , and having a largo stake in the county ; therefore he must he a more safe representative of the borough than any stranger could be . He thought they had a greater hold upon him than upon any stranger . The hon . candidate spoke at length on the question of free trade , and expressed himself as determined to support the principle , for he had not seen that any of his tenants or labourers had suffered from its adoption . While they had free trade in corn , it ought to be carried out in everything else , for it was an inconsistency to confine it to one thing . It must be carried out in every branch of national commerce , and to the fullest possible extent . It was absurd to talk of going backward to the old principle of protection . ( Cocers . ) It was on the principle of progression he should legislate . With regard to economy he was determined , if they returned him to parliament , to enforce it in every branch of the
public service , being of opinion that no one should be paidfrom the resources ofthe country but those who were engaged in its service . He thought that education ought to be given to the public without reference to the interests of any particular creed . The income tax which was known as a war tax , was very objectionable , and he was in favour of a modification . He thought that allowance ought to be made for the disbursements in trade , and that it should be imposed on the net and not the gross produce of trade . To -the endowment of Catholic churches he was strongly opposed , and as to the ballot , it should receive his support ; and he was anxious protection should be given to every man in the exercise ofthe franchise . As to the suffrage , that he would extend as people became educated , and he concluded by calling upon the Liberals to unite and support him at the poll . Mr . H . Simonds proposed , and Mr . Hodges seconded , the nomination of Mr . John Frederick Stanford .
Mr . Stanford briefly addressed the electors , saying that hc was maintaining that monarchial system of government under which he found the greatest liberties exist . He was opposed to free trade , as it subjected the labourers of this country to an unfair competition with foreign countries . He alluded to the state of Ireland , and argued that the industrious classes ought not to be taxed for the support of men who had ample means , but who lacked energy to improve their condition . Hc pledged himself not to support the present government , as he regarded the whole of their policy , both in reference to the colonies and at home , as an exhibition of their incompetency to hold office . He was friendly with all sections of religionists , but to dis senters and Roman catholics he could make no concession , uQin ? a strong advocate for Church and State , from which he conceived many of the blessings of the country flowed . If they returned him he would stick , he said , to his text , and he would support their interests , and work for the town .
Mr . Hone in a few words , proposed Sir John Ilarc ao a candidate . The proposition was seconded by John Hone , Esq ., amid much laughter and confusion . Sir John Hare gave a brief statement of his po litical views , saying , that ho was in favour of universal suffrage , vote by ballot , annual parliaments , reduction in taxation , and every measure of reform which the people now required . Mr . Carroll , a Quaker , nominated Mr . Thomas Norton . Mr . Exall seconded the proposition .
Mr . Nortos addressed the electors at great length , stating that he was for the maintenance of free trade , and the removal of all restrictions upon the commerce and industry of the people ; he advocated financial reform , and every practicable degree of economy in the several departments of the public service . Ho was in favour of an extension of the suffrage , would vote for the protection of the ballot , and support a measure for shortening the duration of parliaments . Hc was a friend of universal education , free from the interference of any religious sect ; in favour of the abolition of ecclesiastical courts , and the removal of all imposts levied upon dissenters for the support of the established church . He was anxious for an improvement in the government ofthe colonies , with the view to develops their canabilities and to diminish their expenses by
conceding to them tho power of self-government . Mr . Jones , seconded by Mr . Buckland , then nominated Mr . Thomas Clark as a fit person to represent the borough . Mr , Clark jroceeded to address the meeting , ¦ which by this time had become very impatient , and he had not gone far before the proceedings were totally interrupted for some time by a fight that took place in the body of the hall between tho partisans of the different candidates . Tho police interfered , and for a time seemed likely to he roughly handled ; but , aided by the good sense of the majority of the meeting , order was restored . Mr . Clark then proceeded in a temperate and quiet manner to advocate the several points of tho Charter , which , he said , the working men were anxious to place before the other classes on such occasions as the present , believing that a great portion ofthe dislike entertained by the educated classes to the enfranchisement of the operatives aroae , not from a
Reading Election. The Nomination. Mosdat...
&« S £ &« 2 ** Kffi cjdIcs and the temper ( l ftL worki ™ men II-S advocated the right of univcml A ™ c to i ^ uJ derable extent , he said it was not his inlonLnT tothepoll lie thaBkedttai ^ JffiSt & g tr , th which they had listened to hfm , SSCSJ eluded by recommending to tho Liberal partv to devise some method of healing their divisions' and uniting up \ m one or other ofthe candidates now he . lore them , as it would be a disgrace to the Liberal constituency of Reading to be represented bv a "en « tleman professing the principles of Mr . Stanford . On a show of hands being taken , it was declared to be in favour of Mr . Norton . A poll was demanded for the other candidates , and , after passing a vote of thanks to the mayor , tiie meeting dispersed . *
WEDNESDAY . -OPF 1 CIAL DECLARATION OF
THE POLL . At noon the Major ( Mr . Thomas Harris ) announced the final state of tho poll , and declared tho votes to have been recorded as follows : — Mr . Stanford ( Conservative ) , ' „ so ? Mr . Bowyer ( Whig ) ... ... gjji Mr Norton ( Liberal ) , „ „ , 107 Mr . feiAxroKD and Mr , Nortos having addressed the electors , the proceedings were brought to a close by a vote of thanks—proposed by Mr . Stanford , and seconded by Mr . JN ' oriok—being formally passed to the Mayor . ' The honourable member afterwards went through the ceremony of " chairimr . "
The town resumed its usual quietude at an early hour in the evening , and the election passed off more orderly and peaceably than for many years past .
The Miners Of The North. To The Editor O...
THE MINERS OF THE NORTH . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTIIEEM STAR . Sir , —The miners of Northumberland and Durham have got into the spirit of union again . All the attempts of the masters to reduce the miners have signally failed , they ( the miners ) having resisted such attempts in a brave and uniform manner , thereby affording another proof that " union is strength . "
At the delegate meeting held on Saturday last , at the " Greyhound" Inn , Durham , there was an accession of numbers , two or three large collieries having joined—viz ., Haswell , Shincliff , and Heough Hall , making an additional increase of nearl y 500 members . The chief question for debate was the utility of restriction of labour—or , as some parties more justl y term it , "theregulation of work . " To
understand this question aright , it will be necessary to state , that in the absence of union among the miners the employers make every effort to get great quantities of coal to bank in as short a time as possible : for instance , a pit may be working five days per week , the hewers getting three shillings and sixpence per d ay ; the master makes some addition to the machinery and other arrangements ofthe mine , and is thorebv enabled to draw to bank so
many coals as to allow the hewer to earn is . Gd . per day . This arrangement , however , is only of seeming advantage to the hewers , inasmuch as the pits only work four days per week , instead of five , as before ; thus , the five days' work , at 3 s . ( Jd . per day , will give but" 17 s . Gd ., and the four days' work will make 18 s ., an apparent advantage of 6 'd ; but the drawbrack is , that those bowers have boys at work who are paid by tho day—some Is . Gd ., and others Is . per day , and if only two boys at the above wages—the pit being idle
one day per week—gives a loss to the individual hewer of 2 s . per week . Besides , it invariably happens that the hewer must stay longer at work for the increased pay , and ho is thereby compelled to work harder , and necessarily requires more sustenance , and which , with extra labour being done in a shorter time , tells fearfully upon the constitution . All those things considered , the miners no sooner get together in union than they evince a desire to alter this state of things , and the general cry is , " Restriction . " It only requires a little reflection , to ascertain the true cause of such
general desire . The met is , the physical energies of the workmen arc exhausted , and it is but the cry of nature urging with all her might , for ease , an abatement of the severity ofthe toil . This question then is' become of vital importance , and the delegates present were unanimous that restriction was necessary ; the point of debate being to what scale to fix tho earnings per day , so as to meet tho general wish of the workman , and not by fixing it so low as to give the master cause for complaints ;
in fact ; they wish to hit upon the medium state , and thereby be enabled to move on more uniformly for tho future . It was ultimately agreed that no collier exceed 4 s . per day , and tbat each delegate endeavour to ascertain the exact state of the colliery , whether any great quantities of coal are laid by , and how many unemployed ' men they have ; so that at an earl y date they may fix ( if necessary ) , the amount to bo earned lower than 4 s . ; the object beingto have all the unemployed at work , and tc have not less than five days per week .
The subject of ventilation was also referred to , when it was resolved : — - " That a letten be sent to SirG . Grey , signed by all the delegates , pleading the necessity of appointing some of the miners as inspectors of mines , seeing that between this and the meeting o parliament many valuable lives may bef sacrificed , which a due inspection would prevent . The necessity for a general meeting upon Shadow ' s Hill was then discussed , and ended with a resolution to refer the same to the colliers , and their opinion to be brought to the next delegate meeting . That district general
meetings should be held was next agreed to . The Wear to meet at Sherburn Hill , on Saturday next , at one o ' clock , p . m . ; the Tyne to meet at the Avenue Head , on the same day at five o'clock , p . m . Having agreed to have a permanent secretary , and received tbe reports ofthe agents , tho meeting was adjourned to Saturday , the 18 th inst ., to beheld at tho house of Mr . T . Hutchinson , Masons' Arms , Monkwearmouth , and to commaace businosg at nine o ' clock in the forenoon precisely , and to continue its sittings until tho business is . gone through . M , Ju » E , Chairman . Monday , August Gth , 1849 ,
Extrmmninany Conduct Of A. Wife. — An In...
ExTRMmniNAnY Conduct of a . Wife . — An inquest was hold on Tviunv Move Mv . Bafcov , at . the Old Duke William , Old Gravel-lane , St . George ' sin-thc-East , touching the death of Joseph Duncan , aged 49 years , a wealthy West India planter , who died from an attack of cholera , which was alleged to have been accelerated by neglect and want ot proper attention on the part of his wife , to . whom ho had not been mavrlcd a month . . The . widow ol the deceased was formerly the wife of a superaanuated exciseman , named Baylcy , aad about a fortnight after hjs death the deceased w « nt to resido with the widow * and it being well knowa that he was possessed of large estates m the Wast Indies she besan to pay marked , attention to him . In a
few days afterwards he proposad marriage- to her , which she qu ickly agreed to , and in loss than two montlas after Uic death of Mr . Bayley she became- the wife of the deceased . On Suaday afternoon last he . was taken suddenly ill , anil died on th * following , morning , and . within a month after l » s marriage . Evidence showing thai the deceased had been grossly neglected by his wife having been given , thfr jury returned a verdict ci— " Death irom Asiatic eholera ; and added that they could not separate without expressing a public opinion thai there was , great neglecti on the part of the wife , and that her- conduct had been very extraordinary . " The coroner then ca $ ed Mrs . Duuean
in , and severely reprimanded herv Fatal ErFicxsoy Stopping a Cough . —An inquest was held be-fore Mr . Bedford , at the George , Chanel-street , Soho , on the . body of Mrs . Martha Sanderson , aged 45 , the wife of a schoolmaster , residing at 20 , Great Chapel-street . Mr . Robert Wado , surgeon , said that on Tuesday morning he was sent for to see the parent , and on his arrival found her suffering apparently from exhaustion . He ascertained that she had ta & en two pennyworth of paregoric . One ounce of thai specific would contain about two grains of opium . Any narcotic given to a person in the statQ of health deceased was m would have the effect of causing suffocation . , > stopping the cough . YordicW watwaldeata . .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 11, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11081849/page/5/
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