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$TB $tBSVmm 0FTHE PHONAL LANI
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«t ntras my intention ^ to have addresse...
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c^-rfn some future epportunUy m may iMei...
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W" ' ' - - VJ M ¦ •' -. ¦ --....... . • ...
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X S beentrastedtothe VOL.No 516. LONDON,...
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A NATION TURNED OUT TO GRASS
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* The government taxes at 2i\ millions, ...
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THE mWHST'VAm C0WAM?*****
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c^- some future epportunUy m may iMei mm...
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TRADES'MOVEMENTS. Hotwood Fpst«» Cciibhs...
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Babbaritv.—One of the Hull newspapers (t...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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$Tb $Tbsvmm 0fthe Phonal Lani
$ TB $ tBSVmm 0 FTHE PHONAL LANI
«T Ntras My Intention ^ To Have Addresse...
« t ntras my intention ^ to have addressed von ^ so ^ soine leng th a ? ° t ™ ^ estions more mi-Itd & v fr w ^*** wfll tne Land Plan this * 2 * 2 * ? l "np ^ ahve duty towards the * SK l , ivesof J anMdn , » and Yorkshire com-2 eSeo me to i ** * ^ space which I had 5 Een &» for J * " *]** fothe enlightenment SrfWfr ^ Jonn * tusse U , Jest , on another dav , he j 4 Bi % ! otf P lead prance of the source from ^ SidSi cb the demand j
• JO JO TURN TBE PEOPLE TO GRASS ggsnegane . I call your attention to my letter to llorfljordJ ° na Russell upon that subject , and I S ( gH fcll u P TOa > ^ me y and as fathers , as husb ^ nd jonds and as Chartists , willing to earn your fcireafcread by the sweat of your brow , to proclaim pp tip the world whether or no this degrading , g $ is [ his family-slaying :, this woman-killing , child-Bpurpurdering , daughter-prostituting , son-consisicttfcting proposition , has come from you . I [ jpmjannot believe it . I will not believe it from ddM * k P s tnan y ° UT own 5 aTld if I heat it { fron & oni tne" * shall mourn over the tyranny that 1 has las compelled the necessit y , a nd if it is your , ^ sl ^ sh to be turned to grass , I will do all that
iJn njn me lies , to mitigate your sufferings . I have i jHHjjo ' objection to the cessation of labour if the , jjjrjjjjitalistrdisgorges some of his enormous and onj unjust profit to support you during the season rf rf idleness , if the landlord will charge you no rea rfflt , and if the Government will forego the ill & ty upon every taxed article of consumption . gcflo * ever , if this dreadful alternative is of jo ! jo ur own seeking , it is right that I should unfo fer stand it so , because , in that case * I shall as t < $ ! sei to revile those upon . whom I now saddle gv fte
stn-Jiy friends , if I were a prophet capable of es es oltiuj in the fulfilment of his ownpredicii iaas , 1 would have reason to rejoice in your pr | pre sent state , as you must admit that , from r t year to year , I have predicted the owutrences r i ifcich have taken place and the very effects ri « Mch were sure to result from those causes fl Jrom which I drew my conclusions . I am now jj employing more men with your money than d $ the farmers within fire miles from
Minder LoveL and I was rather amused this m orning bjran article in the Nottingham jlercarg , I written fey some comical coxcomb , , pon the Land Plan ; and this blunderbuss , ( bo had the consistency to vote for Henhouse ad Walter , and yet claims me as his representative , has the folly to tread in the steps of -oor Carpenter , and to venture upon some ^ arative calculations as to the time it will take to locate 30 , 000 occupants . However , as it is my intention , in the next number of the
ia & ourer , to give the whole tribe of scribblers « a bone to pick , " I shall content myself , this week , with publishing- the admirable letter rf Junius , which appeared in the Nottingham / kn ap , as an answer to the Mercury man . I ^ aspect the production to have come from my $ friend Morrison , of Nottingham , who has signed the question of title very ably , and « iio might have gone further , and have told ( he Mercury man , that , if I was inclined to turn npe and sell the estates , that no one wonld g ive me a shilling for the whole lot , knowing that they are trust-property . These things ^ condescend to mention as a " Roland for the jffCHry man ' s Oliver , but they are things that pa would not condescend to talk about , and iiat 1 would not condescend to argue upon .
But , now , I will state a fact for these gentbmen . The person in whose house I am now iriting pays 60 t a year rent—a high rent , and k is rated to the poor rate at 15 s . in the pound , that is , from March till August , incluare , he has paid 231 . 7 s ., and ii lie pays 111 13 s . the next half-year , that will he 452 . poor rate upon 60 / . rent ; but he anticipates that the rate will be even higher , and so do I . for this next half year . Now , then , what does & i Mercury man think of the man who has a chance for 2 / . 12 s . of being made independent of that rate for ever—even the chance ; and tear this fact in mind , that theligner the poor
ntes , the more scanty the pauper s fare . My friends , I have now to invite you to a serious perusal of the state of England , written by Arthur O'Connor , my uncle , nearly half a century ago . It consists often chapters , and 1 will publish a chapter in each number of the Northern Star , commencing with Kit week , and then you will have the result sf Whig policy and false political economy { laced before yon , in so dear , simple , and eaderstandable a form , that * ' he who runs nay read . " At foot follows the admirable letfer " of Junius , and , asking you to peruse it atfenuVelr ,
I remain , your faithful representative and willing bailiff , Feargus O'Connoe
THE JOURNAL , AND THE LAND SCHEME . to xbs editom of the MttmgicmiJtecicta . fesriiKBir . —The ' Nottimobui Jouuut , ' for send week * past , lias poured forth low , unprincipled , whontmuedabate , in condemnation of Mr O'Connor ' s Iasa * P . an- The editor has become the unsolicited f # aaaa to the shareholders of the Rational Laid faapsny , and the first blast he sends forth is , not that fc O'Connor has run away with the Company's money , esnta at least as was in his possession , —aot that the iad wiich he has purchased has been carried away upon
tablet , —bat that he is at liberty to do so if he likes & s 'Jtmxu . ' endeavours to show , that Mr O'Connor fas , by purchasing in his own name , and having contsjtjtohim , tbe several estates wbichbave been bougbt taascoant of his Land Company , a complete master-6 a over the shareholders , —that he can hold them at V . and presses them to his bosom , promising his best , & DMt ardent endeavour * , to ameliorate tbtir misira . fc itteir starving condition . It is all bembast , and a •^ oqsentcompouad of Irish sympathy and English tsaoart , with deception at its foundation .
The editor of the 'Jouxkai ., ' in doing aU this , has tei brought in support of his position any point of law , * iath I had hoped he would have been enabled ta de . fisttutioni the shareholders how they trust Mr O'Con-• Vs honeity , and pretends , that now he has become ° & reprweauthre , it is necessary that lit should look ^ Hr O'Connor , aad prevent his committing one of ¦ femcst daring and palpable frauds that coold be com'titled by ahumaa being . If this knight of Thurland-^ tttearrethad any ioaht of Mr O ' Connor's honesty , " ¦ jfiehada foreboding apon his ( an ) eornipt « d mind , * MMr O'Connor wonld criminate himself in a manner tttt would shock , nay . even pettify this most wholesome
• Star ; why did he noti when Mr COonnor on oar »« ungs challenged any person to come forward , and "tie anything derogatory to his private character , or *« Itoiag haviag the taint of tergiversation in hispolideal !| 'Ber , « cceptthatchallengt ! The editor of the * Jou * *« , ' as an elector , had aright to do so ; he was npon *« hustings , and why did be not state to the electors * a and there auembled his fears as to Mr O'Connor's Iaserty . He contents himself by being silent , and , at * s poll , uses his inflnenoa' by giving his vote for Mr " *» litr and Sir J . Hothouse , to prevent Mr O'Connor
•*>? ' our representative , actuated , I apprehend , by *« pnre moth *—that honest idea , that he would be ^ paaadium of British honesty , and prevent the dis-**» attaching to society if Mr O'Connor became the * ' » M he anticipate * . Or O'Connor ba * become onrre-^ attative . and the « JonlJlU . undertakes to watch fOUaobtaaee . I expect he will be like the shepherd 19 & hla : cte ^ te so many false alarms , that when the ** wolf % t last ' comes , whether in the persenof Mr " Cotnor or aav other individual , he will not be
bejJfeVoumsl ' iiiiya Mr O'Connor should not « nly be J * 484 , but , lite Osar ' s wife , above suspicion . If he r ^ at , whv should they be suspicious ! but I would rj ? amsn to beiHlEe ^ feJer ' s wife in the eyes of the ** torof Oh 'Journal / towards whom he has mortal ^ * oainn . Has Mr O'Connor ever manifested any S" *^ of dishon ' esty ! Has he , daring any part of ? * ' J or ' even since the promulgation of his Lsnd J * ^ and the establishment of the NaUonal Land ;?*» aj . evme * a the bait dlsi » siBon to plunder , as the
£ **>* ' would havelTisbeHsve , those whom he has ^* ^ ggrattiitoMlyforma » y years ! The « Jour-J 7 * '" es to have the property conveyed to responsi-^ Persons ' - ^ piaBji-jiinuation that Mr O'Connor U ** Vand that porerty is an inducement to crime . TJn-^^ Wleasserfioi' ^ with what enTontery toldr At jT * ha * wd is that ^ raTe insinuation made ! At the J ?* of a msn in whom thousands repese iaperisb' tov * fiaeMe i * wmfldenoe which they have reposed ^ ounbjfore , and whieh he has not betrayed , —a tn » t ^ * iehu notalm i a .
^ e * Journal' complains thattheNational Laai Cbm g * Ms been in existence two years , and is not com-^ J *^ stered . Tho ^ ditor knows weU , or ought to Ws itc « Mot be iwjmai there are attached to i ta ° 2 ? of » ettlement tn « james , trades , proressions , , *« iaenc es of a definite . namber of members , whose ^ j *^ to ^ obtamedifarid their : signing and sealing * 0 rt » - ^ ; aktKm , * oo" » tto ** perfonned in ' * l i . *^ etoo / lowforsnch mighty affairs to
«T Ntras My Intention ^ To Have Addresse...
managementofany less immacnlate and industrious a person than the editor of the Journal , or to any one with iMS patieneethan a Jo * . The eststence of a twoyeara' society , with a capital already suhsw ^ bed of £ 70 , 000 , unregistered , the Journal beldly instauateiasa proof that Mr O'Connor ' s intentions are dishonest . I will take it for granted that the editor of the Journal was the same honest man two years previous to the publication of his paper as he was on that day ; « he were not , I congratulate him npon his reclamation from a » ad to a good and honest man . Then why did he not sound his alarm at the beginning , and not when the company has progressed prosperously , and when thousands have subscribed their mites . The Journal waits , and allows the industrious artisan to be caught within the meshes ofMr O ' Connor's net , and then cries out * You are in danger ; there is a pit . * Human feeling requires that he should have cried out in the first instaace .
The people know the value of having possession of the land : the Journal knows the disadvantage of it . It would prohibit cultivation of the soil by the htusbler claues and with a safe conscience can state that they are only fit to be made , nice drones , to cultivate the land , to augment tbe riches ef those already wealthy . It is evidently the Journal ' s delight to create discord where none is felt . £ renif Mr O'Connor intended to be 'tbe greatest swindler that ever practised npon the credulity of mankind , 'let us see how the estates he has purchased would be affected by the laws of the land . The law of the land is , that if Mr O'Connor purchases estates , ' which are ostensibly known to . be porebased with » the « oney of a particular compaoyT ' aadfor the members of that
particular company , and though' the estates may , in ' the first instance , be conveyed to Mr 0 * ionnor , Dotti the law and equity would compel Mr O'Connor to deliver op the possession of those estates , and also compel him to execute all necessary documents yielding up tbe fee to them . This I hold to be the law of the land ; let the editor of the JouBNii deny it , and pro'e that I am wrong . There is one circumstance that would give Mr O'Connor a good and marketable title to the estates . He has purchased , on the part of the National Land Company ; if the National Lsnd Company have , by their directors , chosen by their representative assembly , been parties to the conveyance to Mr O'Connor , why then the' company would - be debarred ty estoppel , and could not contradict what they
had once solemnly signed and sealed . In that case Mr O'Connor could ev . joy the uninterrupted possession of the estates already purchased ; until then , he cannot . It is not because a man has money and purchases an estate , that be is entitled to it . The presumption is thatfaeis ; bat all the attendant circumstances must be fairly considered . Can the' JocaaaL * confute this 1 If so , let it ; this position of the law was not more exemplified than at our late assizes , in the case of 'Gille . Wakefield . ' tried before Mr Baron Rolfe , tbe features of which case mast be in the recollection of your readers . Law and equity always take into consideration , not only the acts , but the intentions of the parties .
I will refer the ' Jocatrsr / to Netfs Maxims of the Law cf England : — 'The law regards tbe intents of the parties , and will apply their words thereunto ; and that which is taken by common intendment shall be taken to be the intent of the ' parties ; and common intendment is not an intendment as stands in different , but such an intendment as has the most vehement presumption . ' That is the law , as laid down by Sir Edward Coke , the greatest lawyer that ever lived , and will be found written in his famous institutes upon our laws as well as in Noy . Again , "Quiperattumfostt , per seipxmfamc vidtfciv . ' ( Ha whoacu by another is held to act by him . self . )
Mr O'Connor , it is well known , is the agent of the Land Company ; he purchases estates as their agent : he describes himself as such ; publishes his balance-sheet as sack ; and in every act describes himself as their agent . If Mr O'Connor intended to act dishonestly , he as a lawyer would have had more wisdom than to lay himself within the meshes of the law . Thns it is quite clear tbelaw is with the Company and against Mr O'Con . nor ; and what is there to fear ! If it were that the law was against the company and with Mr O'Connor ( which it most assuredly is not ) , is the manner of procedure he is adopting , the safest way for a knave successfully to accomplish his design ! - He has placed
portions of two respective lots of allottees In possession of their allotments ; and how is he to get them out ! He may serve them with notice to quit , and the allettee may disobey it , for it is not imperative . Tbe next course is to eject them ; he must sue each occupier ; they could drive bim . into a court of law , and there compel him to prove his right and title to the estate , a title free from fraud , which under the circumstances he would find some difficulty in doing . Thus , there are insurmountable difficulties in the way of Mr O'Connor being dishonest ; difficulties which he himself has created by purchasing the land ; and difficulties , which lam sure , no dishonest man with dishonest intentions would have made .
I remain , < fcc , Tour obedient servant , Nottingham , August , 1 M 7 . Jasias
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X S Beentrastedtothe Vol.No 516. London,...
X S beentrastedtothe VOL . No 516 . LONDON , SATUM ) AIr ! PT ^ * b . ^^ ===== - ' ' .. ¦¦ - ¦ - _ ¦ j ^ i ^_ --. r . j . ^ . . /^ x * . . .. * Fire Shitting * and Sixpence per Quarter-.
A Nation Turned Out To Grass
A NATION TURNED OUT TO GRASS
TO THE RIGHT HON ., THE LORD JOffiS . RUSSELL . M ? Loed , Ifcjs now nearly * eight years since I addressed a letter to you upon the Whig policy of that day , and in which I foretold what the inevitable result of that policy would be . My reason for addressing you just now will be found in the fact that the Free Trade theorists are about to adopt the very means to which I have often proved they would be driven to save themselves from the fatality of that measure which alone could produce high wages , cheap bread , and plenty to do . No doubt you have learned from the newspaper press , thatthe
whole of the manufacturing population of the north la to be TURNED OUT TO GRASS during the autumn months , when , according to the said press , the hardships will be mitigated in consequence of the greater clemency of that season , as well as from the fact that vegetable diet may , during that period , be purchased at a low price . This unchristian , this unnatural , this disgusting and blasted project , is said to emanate from tbe operatives themselves . I shall not stop to ask whether this is a fact or not , as far as 1 mean to use it as an argument against your destructive policy , but I may observe , that it strongly resembles the manner in which the economists use the agricultural classes as auxiliaries and volunteers in the
battle of Free Trade . In the wars of that faction against things as they were , the press was enlisted , and the press pompously and slanderously paraded meetings of the agricultural labourers and their wives that never took place '; they published the spee ches of women who were never in existence , and , for the first time in the history of this country , they assigned a weight and importance to the most ignorant of all classes which they were not previously in the habit of awarding to the most influential and best informed . I remind you of this notorious fact , to guard you against the supposition that the operatives of the north their
have themselves considerately invited owners to TUftN THEM OUT TO GRASS , until such time as the mitigated casualties of foreign countries may enable the growers of cotton to furnish English slave roasters with a sufficient amount of raw material to warrant the employment of the slave-class Good God ! my Lord , can you , for a moment , look upon yourself in any other light than as the STUD GROOM of political economists , whose orders you are obliged to obey , whose stables you are obliged to clear , and whose galled jades you are obliged to fodder until your masters shall again requirejheir service ?
Is this a position becoming a minister of England ; Is this a position becoming a nobleman professing popular opinions , and glib in the use of ph'dantrophic expressions ? or is it a position bectming a freeman ? My Lord , in the letter to which I refer above , I recalled your attention from the passing of the Reform Bill till that period , and I ventured to predict what the result of your evil policy would be , and , sorry am I to confess , that each and all of my most melancholy forebodings have come to pass- At that period , my lord , Free Trade principles , as advocated by cottonlords , shop-boys , and scribblers , was tha one aU-absorbing topic , and to questionjbe
A Nation Turned Out To Grass
soundness of their views , or to doubt the realisation of their anticipations and promises , was rank sedition , and little short of treason . From that period to the present I have written a portion of the history of the country , and I have been a critical observer of the acts of public men and their probable influence upon the national weal and the national character . In the year 1839 , in my speech at Middleton , las clearly developed what the inevitable result of your one-sided ,. Free Trade policy must be , as if 1 had been a gifted seer of the future . There was not an interest , from the landlord to the agricultural serf , from the
cotton lord to the artificial slave , and from the fund lord to the several dependants upon that system , that I did not shew how each and all would be affected by your policy . In . lS 40 I replied ' to the " nonsensical pamphlet of the Hon . and Rev . Baptist Noel , in which I clearly mapped out that state of famine through which Ireland has not yet passed , and that state of pauperism to which England is now approaching . In 1841 , in my letters to the Irish landlords , written from a condemned cell in York Castle , I foretold the confiscation , of their estates and their desertion by the British minister . These were- the ; words of my prophecy : — ¦ - ' ¦¦
" Do not deceive younelves , my lords and gentlemen , by the false'notion that the ramparts with which you have surrounded your estates will protect tbeta in the day of popular fury , if you do , you are worse thanmadmen , for I tell you , thatthe thunder of an enraged populace will break through vonr privileges , and your legal fences ; and that the govern , ment , upon whose support you now depend , will CONFISCATE YOUR ESTATES to save themselves from the fury of an enraged people . " -
. In those letters I predicted every calamity that has befallen Ireland , and I ascribed each to its legitimate source—Whi g incompetency —Whig folly—and Whig imbecility . In 1844 I wrote what I shall ever consider my most celebrated and standard work , entitled , " chambers ' Philosophy Refuted , " '™ , which I also foretold the present and the coming times ; and , from that period to the present , I have not ceased to alarm the nation as to the coming danger .
Now , my lord , however you may affect to despise , or your scribblers may affect to ] contemn , the predictions of one divested of power which was capable of being consolidated and brought to hear upon your deliberations ; you must understand that . 1 have but loaded the musketry , that I have but taught the lessons , amTthat however inapt or disinclined you may be to learn them , there are millions who have committed them as cherished instruction to their memories , and who do no t consider them the less valuable from the source from ^ which they spring . It is , therefore , to their ' readiness and willingness to learn , and not to my
anxiety to teach , that you are to look for the popular mind and the popular power . My lord , you falsely presume that you have overcome your Irish difficulty , and that you will now be at liberty to deal with your English difficulty single-handed , but you deceive yourself ; you have lost the magician who propounded the doctrine that England ' s difficulty was Ireland ' s opportunity , but who , nevertheless , practised the policy that England ' s difficulty was Ireland ' s placehunters ' opportunity ; and never , during the jugglery of that magician , did more perfect and subservient tranquillity reign in Ireland , than in that
very season when the English mind evinced a resolution to possess , and to grant to Ireland , the very rights and privileges for which the magician professed to contend . Yes , my lord , I assure yeu that the days are fast coming , when more than a mere ideal responsibility will be demanded from the British minister ; when his policy will be unscrupulously canvassed , and when the source from which he derived his strength , will be vindictively scrutinised . That will be a sad day for Whig policy—that will be a heavy reckoning against the Whig ministry , which has ruled the desti .
mes of this country from the year 1836 to the death of Daniel O'Connell . It will then appear , as clear as the sun at noon-day , my lord , that if England is a large debtor to Ireland on the score of oppression , Ireland , upon a balance of accounts , is debtor to England to the extent of millions expended in the prostitution of Irish representatives . My lord , as I showed you ia my letter of 1839 , your reliance upon the certain subserviency of a set of profligate , place-nunting , patriots , made you indifferent as to English support ; your easy palace-going prime minister
ot that day , indulged in perfect quiescence , and set national feeling at naught , because he would calculate uponthe certain purchase of that section of the House of Commons , whimsically denominated the Irish Liberals , who were ever foremost in the crusade against English liberty , and who fostered prejudices in Ireland for no other earthly purpose than to insure the Irish mind as a marketable commodity , of which the necessitous English minister might stand in need , and for which he would besure to pay the stipulated price , —that price to be measured by England ' s demand for
liberty . My lord , no history , no novel , no romance , no fancy , not the most fervid imagination , can paint anything at all like the fairy tale of Irish diplomacy from the yeai ; 1833 till the death of Daniel O ' Connell ; during which period he possessed more power than , any monarch in Europe ; and during which period all the atrocious acts of all the atrocious despots of Europe , are as innocence itself , compared with the manifold sins committed by this man against the cause , not only of his country ' s , but of the world ' s liberty . My lord , your principles of political economy
have been adopted upon a chapter of accidents . You have listened to . the several spouters , accepting the dogmas of the most popular as your unerring guide ; but , believe me , neither the influence of Mr Villiers in South Lancashire , of Mr Cobden in West Yorkshire , or of Mr Bright in the metropolis of manufactures , will go far to convince a starving people of the soundness of their political economy , or the purity of their motives .
My lord , men are hunted as rebels to-day , and are admitted as great authority b y posterity ; in short , the folly and the enthusiasm of to-day , may become the wisdom and discretion of the morrow , and I shall yet live to see some slight reparation made to departed heroes or to maligned patriots , now in the winter of age , when those principles , for the advocacy of which thej were persecuted and banished , have become the accepted principles of the universal world .
My lord , I am in possession of a few rare books , —rare because I possess the only copies extant , —and from one of these books , entitled ,
" THE PRESENT STATE OF GREAT BRITAIN , " written by Arthur O'Connor nearly half a century ago , and who is now in the fiftieth year of his banishment—I shall he able , to shew that the false principle of political economy adopted by Mr Pitt , and pursued by subsequent ministers , has led to the necessity of substituting another false princi ple of political economy ; and I shall show from that book , that the writer foretold the evil consequences that would be sure , to result from the system that Great Britain pursues towards others nations . Chap . II . OftheinstaUUtyof the Biitiih system of mercantile CODECS ,
A Nation Turned Out To Grass
' itsfSe ^^ F ^^ of'EngUnd , Md Cb P' ^ AB $ ter 4 W corruption-its vast * i . pease , andthe generaIdissatisfacUn it has created wards Ireland , from he confessions ** his . Maffy ' s late and present Ministers . -: - ¦¦ ^"" y ¦ ¦ „ Ch * aj yMM «» . stability , of the system of Chap . YIL With whatjnstice'the British Govern . m K ™ TK" m *™ m of EuS tfiap . Vlu .. Qf the grounds upon which the Sink , ing Fnndstmds hy ; ffhich it is pretended to lidui date the deb > of Great Britain . ' q Chap . 1 X ^ That this system , by : creating ' a- derangeniert a the natural ; direction of the capital and iPdustry of Great Britain , is injurious to the peeple of England , aswell -as to the nations of Europe . ¦^¦¦ ii-i ¦ '¦ : ¦ : ' ' ¦'¦ Chap . X .-What object cauld the British Ministry have had invieff ia precipitating Great Britain into this war ; and u > .: / : ; ii
Then fouows conclusion : — No . v , iny / lord ^ will submit '¦ to' ! you a few paragrapkfrbm this work , the writer of which is how In tie fiftieth year of his exile . ' ¦ ., ¦ ... Chap .-IVi ^ jThtj / jjiitm of Corruption , its vatt expme , and tktgmrulditQffettimit ha ) created . / The nexUbject by which we can judge of the stability oftaesjsUm of Britain , is . the principle upon which the whq «^ h ^^ Te > hlD ^ t ¥ turn 8 ;? sFrom the first formation . of the representative body , frem which we must date the commencement of her . constitution , to tbe revolution of 1688 , the history of England precents a steady , uniform , uninterrupted progress towards the establishment of liberty and
law . By the wise employment which the representativesmade of their omnipotence over the national purse , they were often oppressed , fined , and imprisoned by the arbitrary acts of despotic princes , but never corrupted ; they held fast by the power . of tht purse , and constantly repaired the breaches made at unfavourable moments , and even strengthened the outworks when they found an occasion . It was a constant struggle between representation on the side of liberty and law , aud despotism against them ; until at length , in the reign of the last of the Stuarts , the contest was brought to a happy conclusion between the certainty of law and the uncertainty ot will . By this victory the great principle . was
established , that no man should obey a law , or pay a tax , that was not ordered by his representative . Bead the history of England , and you will find with what admirable . pertinacity the representatives guarded the national purse throughout this long and glorious struggle ; in no instance abandoning the right of the people through fear or menace , did they grant the public money but with the most rigid economy ; they felt that the supplies ' . were the lever and mainspring by which the liberties of the people , and' the movements of the government , were to be regulated ; hence taxes were few , and debts there were none ; the crown preferred menace and force to corruption . From the
revolution of 1688 , all has been reversed ; violence has been abandoned towards the representatives , and influence has been substituted ; this is the great pointl would seise , for here is the source of that endless expense which has increased , is increasing , and cannot be diminished . What an herculean work ! What an endless expense flows from the change . In order to render the Crowa indeoendent of the control of Parliament , it must influence , not only the representatives , but it naturally seeks to have a majority of the electors throughout the nation ; to add to tbe power of the government , you must augment the burdens of the people . In proportion as the people show adispesition to oppose the measures
of the ministry , the ministry feel a necessity to load the people when there is an overwhelming patronage , and an imperfect representation . In proportion as the representatives have some remnant of freedom , in proportion will the people be loaded with an expense to corrupt them . Every excess in expense for the purpose of corruption , naturally creates the discontent and opposition of the people , while this increased discontent and opposition calls for an additional expense to allay them . Crown against people , and people against-Crown , expense accumulates in geometrical measure , whereby the enormous augmentation of the influence " of the Crown , by the receipt and expenditure of fifty millions * in peace time , and near 100 millions ! in war time . are insufficient . The immense patronage of England , Ireland ,
Waks , and Scotland , in church , in law , in army , in navy , in diplomacy , and in revenue , is insufficient ; the pillage and plunder of the East Indies , with five times tbe population of Britain , to satiate the adventurers who pass in succession , are insufficient ; for this plain reason—the increase of influence leads to an increase of opposition ; and the increase of opposition leads to an increase of influence ; acting , and re-acting , the system is constructed to go forward in expense , upon a principle of increased velocity . In vain the Parliament has declared * That the influence of the Crown had increased , was increasing , and ought to be diminished ; ' yet how insignificant , when this declaration was made by the British Parliament , compared with what it is now ; but effects will follow their causes , nor is it in words or declarations to change them t
Now , my lord , if you have deigned to peruse the above extract from the work of an expatriated rebel , banished from , his country nearly half a centary ago , you will learn from it the setj position to which the free trade party and Daniel O'Connell have brought the government of this country;—they have forced an excess of taxation in the hope of subduing the growth of mind , and you have preferred the adoption of that apparently more easy policy to the adoption of those principles to which you were pledged , and the ascendancy of which would have materially tended to that peace and retrenchment of which the Reform Bill was to be the guarantee . But , my lord , I must again draw your
attention to the one great and vital fact with which J started , namely , the danger to society consequent upon throwing the hand-to-mouth portion of the population upon the chances of a cheap vegetable diet , and the comparative clemency of an autumnal season . When the League was at its highest , I predicted that the people , like Nebuchadaazzar , would . be one day compelled to perish or live upon grass , and that the manufacturers would stable them like horses and treat them as beasts of burthen . Well , my lord ,
although the stables constitute no portion of the out-offices of the mansion of cotton lords , yet the beasts of burden ' are to be found in the parish union worse treated than horses in whose lives the proprietor has an interest , and worse fed than horses in whose health and strength the proprietor has a property . These are your national human stables , while now , to avoid famine and be spared the disgrace of location in the bastile , we are insolently told that the horses themselves have petitioned their masters to be turned out to . grass for the
season . My lordi will you never profit by the past . or haveyou so soon forgotten that the general stoppage of the mills in 1842 was said to be a boon prayed for by the operatives themselves ; and yet , as it will be now , so it was then ; those very operatives who , we were told , prayed for the boon , broke into all but open rebellion and took possession of the several manufacturing towns in the kingdom . -Mark me , then , and mark me well , that the assertion of the press is
false , which would lead you to the false presumption of willing idleness and tranquillity . I tell you that the people now will not bear a repetition of the same experiment with the same forbearance and good temper that they bore it before the promised measure of free trade had failed to produce the promised results . . This will be the second free trade revolution within five years , and I caution you now you give your sanction to the desperate game now to be played . The motion of Mr Buncombe for entitling paupers to relief in the district where thsii
* The Government Taxes At 2i\ Millions, ...
* The government taxes at 2 i \ millions , the poorrates at sis millions , the clergy and public instraetion , six millions , besides tbe taxes foi the repairs of tbe highways , bridges , buildings , tbe-lighting , paving , and police of the towns , & c . ^& c ., 4 c- ; , sbo * that 50 millions is a very moderate estimato of a peace establishment , without takin * into consideration the effect of tbe
presentww . t In 1 T 97 the loans amounted to C 7 millions . I The drowsy apathy which this wide diffusion of corruption has creatod in a considerable part of the nation , is the reason why we have seen the ssoret cabinet , and almost all tbe ostensible administrations ' during ibis reign , undermine or utterly destroy nil the great main pillars , upon which the constitution was placed at the revolution of 1 C 88 , Let no man Imagine tbat in a question of stability or industry , the state of immortal liberty is not an essential consideration . To her liberty , Grea t Britain owed the flourishing state to which her industry has bsen carried ; liberty and industry muat destroy corruption , or corruption trill destroy then ^
* The Government Taxes At 2i\ Millions, ...
necessities arose , if passed by the House of Commons , would have been a protection ' against tho violation of public decency and natural'faith . But , my lord , as I beforestated , your political economy is as changeable as the wind , and is ever based upon the presumptivestrength of political parties . ' In conclusion I warn you in time , that yon , and you only , will be answerable for the results of ' this ' dreadful , this dangerous ; this cruel expedient , and 1 tell you that it shall be no justification when you rise in your place in Parliament , and with assumed
ignorance , protest that it was a boon granted by the tender-hearted employer to the dissatisfied employed . No , myIord , ! sueh avowal of ignorance shall pot'be your justification , because I tell you now that the amplication has come from tbe masters , their overseers , their spies , and their minions , an * not from the working men , whose families are depend * ent upon wages for support '; nor shall you plead ignorance of the fact , as I hare directed that a copy ot this letter shall be delivered info your hands .- ' I have the honour- to remain ,
. . . . MyLord , . Your obedient servant , ' Pbasgos-O'Connor Minster Level , Oxfordshire . [ ' ' September 9 th , 1847 . 'Z '¦;" . % L X ' ' p
The Mwhst'vam C0wam?*****
THE mWHST'VAm C 0 WAM ?*****
( From the ToNrt . ) ,. ; . The election of Feargns O'Connor for Nottingham , and some recent proceedings of theChartists in Worcestershire and Lancashire , have drawn attention to the doings of these renowned agitators . For a long while the world at large has heard little of them . When they were planning and executing physical force rebellions , sacred weeks , turn-outs , and other schemes of the like hopeless character , they made , of course , noise enough , and were thought to be formidable and endowed with a disastrous vitality . For twoorthreeyearapast they have sunk into " comparative quiet , and , aa ordinary newspaper readers suppose , into positive insignificance . This , however ; is a slight mistake , and the real truth may remind
us not a little of the maxim current among nurses , that when children are making least noise they are doing most—mischief ! Not that we would by any means insinuate that what the Chartists have been labouring at during the past eighteen months is mischief ; on the contrary , we are strongly inclined to believe that they have been , labouring usefully , and we are at least sure that whatever may be the ultimate result they have been striving honourably by peaceable and . thrifty means to benefit their own condition , and put anew face on the condition of their class ; Eighteen months ago , or little more , Feargus O'Connor began to consider how he might so apply the principle of co-operation , which already in
insurance offices has produced such surprising and beneficial effects , to the production of-other effects not less surprising and beneficial for the labouring classes . It occurred to him that by clubbing together small periodical subscriptions , thousands of poor labourers might each in their turn become proprietors of small patches of land , with cottage and appurtenances , juat large enough to engage the personal superintendence of the proprietor , and free from the obligations of leases and the exactions of landlords . , Eighteen months ago , this scheme , says Feargus , ' was undertaken by me , with the assistance of a few working men , amid the jeers of all . ' During that short-period it has from a small seed grown into a iatge tree , so that a good many town
birds lodge in the branches thereof . Without the expense of a guinea in puffing or advertising , Feargus has contrived in a year and a half to collect subscriptions enough to buy three or four estates , and to . settle on them three or four batches of labouring men in farms of two , three , and four acres . These farms are the absolute property of tbesmall farmers They are , indeed , subject to a redeemable rent " charge of five per cent , on the purchase money , but beyond this they are the absolute property of the tenant , who is thus converted into a landowner , a man with a stake in the country , a person whose interest is by that very position placed strongly on the side of order , peace , and rational conservatism . On Monday evening , August 9 , commenced , and
on the following Thursday ended , the ballot for the allotments of a small estate just purchased by the Chartist funds . The estate appears to have consisted of about three hundred and eighty-three acres , divided into one hundred and fifteen allotments ; thirty of two acres , seventeen of three acres , and sixty-eight of four acres . On Monday morning ( 16 th August ) the delegates from the different Chartist localities ' assembled on the People ' s Second Estate , Lowbands , Worcestershire , in the splendid school-room erected in the centre of that beautiful soot . ' This was the
Parliament of the'National Land Company . ' It met in conference to discuss the extension ana continuance of the Land Scheme , the establishment of a Chartist Bank , a Chartist Insurance Company , a Chartist Loan Fund , and man } matters of detail arising out of these comprehensive designs ; it continued its sitting for seveial days , from efcht in the morning , with one hour's intermission , till seven in the evening—each speaker being allowed five minutes wherein to address the Conference . Tbe result has filled Feargus O'Connor with a very legitimate and natural enthusiasm ; but we must allow him to speak in his own person : —
The representation of the Land Company is splendid ; it is not like any representation that I have ever seen in my life ; the Old Guards are there teaching tbe juveniles / and tbe juveniles are denoting the progress that has taken place ; in short , the representatives you have sent rejoica my heart and bespeak your improvement . It is tha miniature of that full-length portrait of Liberty and Wisdom which Britain will present to tbe world ; all set upos . one purpose—all aiming to arrive at tbe desired object . If I have bad my full share of anxiety , I have had more thaa my full share of reward . Nine of your delegates , representing Scotland , and tbe several parts of England and part of Ireland , bavo examined my accounts , from tbe date of the last Conference down to Saturday last the Uth instant ; they have gone over them like men of business , devoting three hours to the task , and I will give you the result .
I produced receipts for every farthing , to the amount of a pound ; disbursed from tho funds , and took no credit for small snms which In tbe aggregate would bare made a large amount , neither have I changed a single farthing for any expeose ooasequimt upon travelling , examining estates , and attending auctions , ajnowitlDj ; to about £ 400 or « 00 ; ' Since our lost . Conference , in December , I have received close upon £ 50 , 000 , and for that sum 1 she weii value for every farthing . "We have now in the bank , aad in deposit paid on estates , and ia cash and
stock , nearly £ CO , 000 of available } captfal , after paying for HerriBgsgate and operations , and Lowbands and operations , and not counting about £ 1 . 500 worth of horses and farming implements . Hose than tha t , I produced all bankers' books ; and our-agents' accouak for the purchase of Sxchequer-bllls ; aad I showed t * the Finance Committee , that , without asiogle exceptba , tbe monies received op to each Saturday night were deposited en the following Tuesday , tbe eaaliest period at which Post-office orders could be cashed , and bearing ; interest from that day to the present .
To this statement Feargus . O'Connor adds , that the Land Company has ia hand more-than 300 acres of land not yet ballottsd for , ' and that a further ballot for a much larger number than have been ballottedforyet , will takeplaceonthe 25 thof October . '' On th * day on which , this Chartlss . Parliament opened its sittings thers was to have ? been a grand demonstration at Lowbands , and the p «© plo flocked to it from all parts , but the weather proved unpropitioas .
Saaday , the day previous , found aunwrous individuals gratifying them « olvea . with viewing this' Working . roan ' s hocae . ' Its tasteMgatts , swinging fiam stone piers at tbe several entrances , and beautiful crsssents , of forty . I five stone-built cottages , and oat-bomses , andtbesplen-[ did schools , were- the theme of uaaised admiration . It i ' was quite refreshing to witness the magnificent crops of wbsat , barley * & c » wlth wbieh the neighbourhood abound . Mt O'Connor baa a quantity of cows graaing on the meadow land , wbkh won the wcader of aUwhilst his specimen monster wheat , and tbe model pota . toes , exefi » ent in slae , a ^ attty , and . qvmttty , as mjj we ever saw , proved universally attracti , v « . Mr O'Connor , n-bo is called' the Squire , * appears ' to ba the' admired ot
all admirers , 'by tbe poor and shopkeepers for mlloi around , whilst tbe' small gentry , * with whom it was onr lot to come in contact , all appeared to have tho greatest dread of Mr O'Connor , the Charter , and the Small Farm System , andsncoringly askedif the Chartists were coming on Monday' to have a good spree , and get jolly drunk ? , and appeared quite astounded when we told them that tbe Chartists were a sober reflecting people , aad that manyofthsm were total abstainers of long standing , and wero literally petrified whea we showed them that the working clasps were the mainstay of the state , and of far more Imparlance than tbe aristocracy—and tbat it was the purpose of the Chartists , in building these home coloniia , ' to obtain a legitimate influence by the exercise of the franchise . In what we have hitherto said , wei haTeotmfl ^ rd QutKjrea to a mere general statement of KBUlW * A *
C^- Some Future Epportunuy M May Imei Mm...
c ^ - some future epportunUy m may iMei mm minutely into details ; but what wncefti * u « at pro ! sent , u to {* " » ha attention of out readers to % ¦ mam focUhat by this principle of co-operation tb « werting classes have an immense power of improring their condition , which has no dependence ' on the making of new laws . Be sober and thoughtful for twelve months , ' says Mr O'Connor , in a moment of enthusiasm , ' and you need not ask for tho Chaiu ter . ' Whether this be or be not a rhetorical exaggeration , it is at all events certain that the exampie now set is of immense value for onr readers on botfr sidesjof the Channel . In Ireland it furnishes , or may furnish , a solution of innumerable social difficulties . Let the small far- men set about doing what the English working men are doing , and they need care very litth about ten * . wt : right , compensation for * improvemenls , or au . [ itflJHwed land law . If they wish to daso , the / i mayhfaketbeland their own , ' and emancrjafe them * , selvertyr ever from the tyranny of landlords , 1 mbw future opportunity wfl ffi 87 ^ tf ffl « 8
] , 'ln England , amongst the Catholics of large towns > lit ia afao'worthy . of consideration thatthe pi'fHcipW ' J 6 f , co . opcratibn i ? just as applicable to thepettfbase ?; J of fcouses r or of ... rooms' even , as to the purchase df / ami Thousands-, efithern by the exercise of a > httlff , forethought ; prudence , and self-denial , fiSv &" it in their power to-Become" the owner * of thV houses fit rooms * in whiich' they Jive , and to eman- - eipato themselves : and their cMdren after theap from the ^ tyranny * ofjrenfc-JFe thr «> w oat these hints by r » means at ran *' dom , but with a-very deffaite-puj ^ ose , which , unv less we are , disappointed , we hope soon to be able *' to lay before eurrenders . Ih ' the-meantime , we " - cannot do better than" quofr * from- the Gloucester Journal a paragraph'which shows ' —if the fact need proof—that schemes- 'of this lcissd'havs no necessary connection with Chartism ,. and' are- forcing them ' wives into operation by * the sheep- necessity ot the * ¦ case .
At Kidderminster an" ' Ihdtpeadrot ? CB-operatlve > ' Land Association' has Bien' -formed ; and the member * - have purchasediheHoobOTOugh Estate-,. near that town , , and are about locate : tHereon abootr twenty-five or thirty families on theO'CoanwsjsterfK . "Shu estate ba » not only agricultural advantages to recommend it , but ; is in close prosimUy : to a canal > and to- ttt * line of un ¦'¦ : intended railway , and is in this iranvedlate- vicinage ot * . a pop ^ ns' town , and the jocated ^ parties / itW belong to * * UhVfneig ^ Troti ^ pji « rt ' ft ^ V It . sSemsibowever . ' tbiftbe oB-operatireplbji was ia existence in Kidderminster before Mr O'Connor ' s scheme * was broached , " and . that several ' streets of good ami ' healthy heuses , with little gardens attached , bad bees erected there on this plan , much' to tbe advantage " of ail the parties concerned , We think- this fact well ieterres encouraging mention and publicity .. Whatha *
been done at Kidderminster may be done in . Gloucester ; and by clubbing together their- means the work * ing classes may be able bars as there- to secure for themselves ' good and healthy houses , wiih little gardens attached , ' instead of being coispt-lled to reside in the detestable lams , courts , and alleys Into- which many of them are at this moment crowded , let them associate together , get some intelligent and ' trustwprtby leaders , and responsible trustees , anS ' tKej may ' sdonT raise shares sufficient to erect a score - of eomf ortablet working-men ' s houses , pleasantly and - ' healthfully situated , and with sufficient garden ground attached to occupy all their leisure hours . When they . Have done this , th » y will have benefitted themselves , and will have conferred an advantage upon the poorer classes getierally , by sitting up a model which private specula ^' ors must follow , or be content to sea their > property vacant .
Trades'movements. Hotwood Fpst«» Cciibhs...
TRADES'MOVEMENTS . Hotwood Fpst «» Cciibhs . —Dear Sir > , <—As yoor columns are open for the defence of tbe working classes against oppression and misvule , H lbpe that-Ipball not be thought wasting your apace for nothing in defending that order . I would draw the attention of tbe working classes , and the public generally , to a trade ot workmen , called the fustian cutters , who are at present suffering the greatest degradation it is possible to inflict upon working men through class legislation and grievances in their own trade * During the last two months they have undergone )' three or four reductions in their wages . When their wages are at the very most they don't average about ten shillings per week , and now . since the reduction ?
have taken place , they don't average about seven shillings . Before I go so far into the details I will mention the different descriptions of werk and tho price given for it . Most of the cutting that is doner in Hey wood ( as is very well known ) ' is at Messrs , Ashton ' s . There is one description of work called elt-wide , or more commonly amongst the fustian cut * ters , yard wide , for this ( being about seven day * work ) , they , pay at the rate of eleven shillings ; foe D ' s , or three-quarters , ( being a eood week ' s work . J they give eight shillings ; for E ' s , or five-eighths , they give seven shillings ; and for half ells four shillings and ninepenceV This is a correct statement of the prices the fustian cutters are receiving for their work . How is it possible that a mani who has three or four children can make a irang ? They must be masters of stone that dare ofier their men any such wages . It is well known that fustian
cutting is at present mostly done by children . MeUcannot compete against children , it is impossible ; therefore the sooner that children are done away with in the fustian cutting line the better . But how to do away with children ? That is the task . There are so many sneaking , orceping ^ crouching , mean , and rascally sycophmts , who betray their order , that it is not in their power to do away with children . There are tos many like * * and ! others , who ( too idle to work themselves ) , get thechildren out of parish workhouses , to the number of about one hundred , pay a man a pound a week to look after them , and all that they themselyes do is to look after work and pocket their pounds . If cutters had but sense , their trade might be the richest in existence . Tbe work cannot be done by steam for that has been often tried . The parties I have spoken of must be pulled dovn if the men- intend to obtain their deliverance . ~ A Fvstm ' n Ccitbb or IIktwood .
Cratford Block-Printers . —There has been * strike for some time past at Evans's works . The Lancashire printers are hereby warned ; against the ? delusion attempted to be practised upon themthat they may get high wages at the above works ; the truth being that the present strike is against an attempted reduction . Messrs Johnson and Lee , proprietors of the well-known' travelling theatre , lately gave an entertainment for the benefit of tho men on strike .
Babbaritv.—One Of The Hull Newspapers (T...
Babbaritv . —One of the Hull newspapers ( the Eas . tern Counties' HeraW ) of Thursday , gives the following account of a most revolting case of inhumanity , which , it says , occurred at the vil ' ago of Horkstow , near Boston , Lincolnshire , on Saturday morning week : — 'An itinerant Irishman ,, with a wife and three or four famishing children , a few days before solicited and obtained employment of a man of the * name of Spencer , foreman for Lady Tufnell , in the > harvt-st field . His wife was far advanced m pregnancy , and on the above mentioned nsoruing began to show signs of approaching labeur . Spencer , who is the overseer of the parish , and whose duty it was to have provided fop such a case , when informed of the circumstance , went immediately to the woman s himat the tirao
husband and discharged , same telling him he must leave the town instantly , jm order to prevent any expenses and- trouble his wife might put him or the parish to . The Irishman of course remonstrated , representing his wile ' s condition and her unfitness to travel . AH the poor fellow could urge ot say was wholly unhaeded , for Spencer threatened , if they refused togo ^ to have them imprisoned . He also declined- paying the man his wages until ho saw them fairly out of the town . Thus compelled , they commenced their journey to-Ferriby , another village ahr-wi a mile or two off , What the woman suffered on trie road it isimpossi-. ble to describe .. They had scarcely arrived at thw . place , when the hapless creatare was tleliver » d ia , the open street , surrounded % tho unfeeling rabbit * ,, who had congregated-to witaesstho sad spectacle . The miserable mother hud & ed up the dead chil
prefer dead it wasr-in her scanty and tattered girmkata . to prevent exposure , until she was removed to , a , public-bouse stable , and there deposited on somestraw . Mr Walker , guardian of Ferriby , shortlyvaf- - terwards came to see-her , but be never tbougbijot sending for a docloMBtinlsho began to exVi ' ib ; i . e , v . U dent symptons of delbiam and a high statu ohfeyer ^ Mr Morley , of Bosto &» surgeon , was speediiysiri attendance , and at o & e « pronounced her in !\ tc ?; . dj \ a » gerous state , in which she now remains . Spenc & r and Walker are both married men . Lady , Tufnell whose sympathy and benevolence are well l ; nowi > , onj heiiing of tho distressing case , at on « iutlraaW . her intention , as we are informed , of kntnediate ' . y discharging Spencer from her service . We are ' . urther apprised that the proper authoriiK & have ' ainca taken the matter into their , hands and comjr . enced proceedings against Spencer . '
Wbst London Obstral Asti-Esb . lps 9 k . s Assoc : ahon . —At the last weekly meeting ot t ) us association , at thePrinoess / IJoyal , Circus-stree ' ,, New-road , September 6 th ; Mr-Johns in the » cbayv : — A vote of thanks was accordedito tyilliani Howitt for an additional gift of five vchniy . s to the library of this association , and a lil » co / jpliment was also given to William King , maapgev of the Bank of Industry , fer the gift of a , volume of the 'Co operative Magaiine , ' and various WHr . phlets , & c „ for the same I purpose . The secretaryVtated that he had received UUIlJvUwl A 1 JSV ^ W » www * J \ * / l / llvwv w ** -- — _ | to write of
a letter trom Richard , C > astler offering > ajpwblicationin further ^ of tbe views thts association , and correcting an error into which the association had fail ed in supposing ; ftathe , ( Mrfaster ) had retired t-. public life' throughthe codI ind . fferonce a ^ neglect of the working c f * ° ; " » % "' Oastle- atotnq Wo ever been his best friends . 1 no ft rfrftJStt w / re gWen to M ^ « £ h > " -, nrnfferedaid . and after a warm debate . on the ¦ * 5 ! a ?; nn tha meeting was adjourned tul Mor > the Se phce , when Mr Oastler ' s offer will bj farther considered ,
^K T> Si \Ji H I R ¦ ¦ J !• 4 R
^ K t > SI \ Ji h i R ¦ ¦ J !• 4
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 11, 1847, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11091847/page/1/
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