On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (15)
-
;.."'•;' ;i „; . Ji . November 11, 1848....
-
foeirg
-
""" THE SDKS OP THE LA5D . XT EAMOXI, WH...
-
Urafetak
-
THE LABOURER (edited by Fkakgtjs O'Conxo...
-
Simmonis's Colonial Magazine. November. ...
-
TO THE WORKING CLASSES. • Words ara thin...
-
MINER'S ASSOCIATION. A grand demonstrati...
-
Accident bt ar Omnibus.—An inquest was h...
-
i PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF EUROPE. Pa...
-
CONSTITUTION. AND CODE OF LAWS FOR EUROP...
-
PRELIMINARY. Europe has hitherto been di...
-
CoaoNsn's Ikquest.—Death of a Prisonbr n...
-
Vwtttte&._ . . k.
-
A Patron of this Gamb Laws.—Tho Bishop o...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
;.."'•;' ;I „; . Ji . November 11, 1848....
; .. " '•; ' ; i „; . Ji . November 11 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN-8 TAB , ¦'"'"¦ .- -. 3 mm ¦— -- ^^—^ -sssssssiiiiiiiiiiss ^ iiii iMSi ^ i ^ M ^ i issssiisssiMiiMMiiiMMsj ^^ MMMsi ^ ^ i , ¦ ¦ —~^^ . ' ' , i mwmmmmm + Bm—* ^—^— " —^ ^ _ ¦¦ .. » m \ M . ^^ isssssMi ^ BSSissiSi ^™^ - ™ —^——¦ - - ¦ ¦ ¦ — — " . ¦¦¦¦ un ii-iiMM—msrrin -J ~ - - —** - , ** i * -,.. 1 —r ¦——*— "" ' ' ¦*—^^^ ¦¦ .
Foeirg
foeirg
""" The Sdks Op The La5d . Xt Eamoxi, Wh...
"" " THE SDKS OP THE LA 5 D . XT EAMOXI , WH 1 KL 3 CKE . 'When this bright earth was made , The Maker deigned to bless it ; And Adam with iff spade . Was sat to till and drees It—With promisa that hit toil Should bring health , food , and pleasure ; And that ths virgin soil Should yield him boundless treasure . Ctom : Then tbe Land , the Land , revere , Tha first great boon wu given , Which still from year to year , Proclaims It came from heaven . Tfcm Efen ' c hHnfol hawerx
( Which Era had trimm'd with neatness J , Were filled with breath of fiiwers , And music * * songs of sweetness : While frolt—' tww Hits to taste —> Hong temptingly above her . Her fair hand plnck'd in haste , A bangrut for her lover . Chora * . Then every glen and grove Saw happy creatures wooing—The iweet-volcea turtle iove , Ponr'd forth her peacefnl cooing . Then was the golden age—Had I bat skill to show it—Which glitters in the page Of many a > deathless past . Chorus Ere Father Adam "ailed
Across life ' s myitio river , His Freehold he entailed , On dU bis sons for ever . Aad strict Injunctions left . That they should never barter His noble , priceless g = f ^ Secured by Heaven ' s Charter . Chorus . Bat good Kim ; Adam died . And wicked hinge came after—Who Insolent in pride , Turned Adam ' s trac ~ e to laughter . They dixednpon their throw ** Whem bay time ' s houra * ereiinny , Proud , worthless , lazy drone * , They licked the pots of honey . Charm .
Some licked the monarch ' s handx—At this yoa nesd not wonder , Since he of all their lands , Hia brethren mesnt to plnader—» Hea driven from the field , Sought refuge in the city ; Then apsdes were made to jl-14 To dubs , Oh what a pity ! Chorus . Thus friends were changed to fees- * To aid the airellisg clamour The smoking furnace rose , Land rang the clanginj hammer ; Wrath darken'd all men ' s brows , Blood flow'd from nearest nei ghbour * - And hooks and shares of plenghs Were turn'd to ipears and sabres . Cbenu , At length red carnage cads ,
And hnsh'd the din of battle- * The whiriisg fiisUff leads Aii to the fi / ing shuttle—The rich have all the soil , All power by them it wielded ; . The poor have all the toll , Bat little which it yielded . Chorus , Then come lads , heart aad hand , Oae effort isc our Charter , To bring ns bach ; oar lend , And make our foes seek gairfer . Stand up , nor crouch like slaves , While robbers lard It o ' er us—? Our patriots from their graves Point victory before as . Chorus . Then flee from uaoka * ad noise , "
Where cheeks grow white and hollow ; Lire ' midst our rural jayt , And resy health will follow . The spade ' s ear magic wand , Which yields as all our wishes , " Spreads tablet at command , With good things heaps our dishes . Chorus . Let pride sow bend bis brow Od those who torn the farrow , " Yet worth may drive the plough , And wisdom . lead the harrow . When Borne reach'd power and & me ~ When nations begged her parden—Th e * Ctnofrmatus came , A monarch from his gardes , Chorai .
Kow kings and nobles learn The majesty of labour , More glory it doth earn Than e'er was gained by sabre . Bnt wfco hath ploogk ssd spide Beitored to pristine honoru t Tha world hath answer made , The great and good O'Connor . Then the man , the maa , revere To him all prafee be gives , Who to the rigtt * al heir , Bes tores the gift of Heaven . Brlegston , Glasgow , i
Urafetak
Urafetak
The Labourer (Edited By Fkakgtjs O'Conxo...
THE LABOURER ( edited by Fkakgtjs O'Conxob , Esa ., M . P . ) November . London : J . "Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row . The article which first invites perusal in this month ' s number of the Labourer has for its subject 'The System of Land Tenure and Agriculture in Guernsey . ' Over-population * is asserted to be the great eril of the day , and Emigration' is cried up as the only remedy . If the country were ever-populated , doubtless , emigration wonld be the fitting remedy . But to prove over-population it must first be shown tint these countries , known ' by the style and title ' of Great Britain and Ireland , are cultivated to the
full extent of their capabilities , and that notwithstanding such cultivation the produce is not sufficient for the sustenance of the population . Nothing of the sort can be shown ; on the contrary , the reverse must be necessarily inferred by a comparison of the extent ef population of these islands with the p / rpuMonofthenrighbouring island of Guernsey . The population of Ireland may be stated at two hundred and twenty-five to a square mile ; that of Great Britain at about two hundred and fifty to the square mile . The population of Guernsey was , in 1841 , eleven hundred and twelve persons to the sgttaremile ; and there was then no cry about' overpopulation' in that island . "We believe no such cry is heard at the present time ; and we are confident that the emigration-schemers will not think of attempting to enlist the sympathies of the Guernsey Sen .
The climate of Guernsey is not superior to that Of the South of England , nor the land more fertile ; and , taken altogether , Ireland enjoys to the / uff , as many natural advantages as Guernsey . How is it , then , that more than a thousand persons to the squre mile can be supported in a high state of comfort in Guernsey , while of the two hundred and frtnty-five to the square mile in Ireland , and the iwojhundred and fifty in England , almost one-half are beggars or paupers , and another large portion const tally on the brink of destitution ? How comes it to pass that , in Guernsey , criminals are almost
unknown , and beggars are not to be seen , while , in England and Ireland , the criminal part of the poputtfionis numbered by thousands , andbeggars swarm aevery chy , town , and hamlet ? The answer is SflBphed by XfrP . Hill , now one of the inspectors of Jnsons : — « Guernsey has superior laws , superkr T ** litu . tiotu , and the state of things in Guernsey is j * among the thousand proofs that hare been given , «* t the prosperity and happiness of a people are jonch more dependent on its laws , initiations , and « e manner in which its government is carried on , « jui on climate and fertility of sou . *
The writer in the Labourer supplies the following aieresting account of
Uirn iraou i » D nuw rami nr scemist . *» system of land tenure , and of cultivation , by J ™* an isUnd whose productive surface is little more « to 10 , 000 acres of orchard , garden , arable , and pw-!?** « nd , U enabled to support 27 , «» inhabitants In «*« ate of comfort described by Mr HU 1 , is totally op-? « 4 to the degmas of the political canonist * . The ^ « eis equiTaUm t to proprietary in almos t every ln-^™^ Theland being neither reatednorIeased , Mfn this &«!? ' ^ cnlaTator » * be estates are minutely subr * ™|* « and worked prinefpmny by the ep « de . The ^^ Oi property partake * ef the double nature of land * ai afarm , surjsetta the payment of animal rests , r * »» Isad held as freehold in perpetuity . A purchase ~ v & e made by the immediate payment of the price I ™ " fpon . or avthBTjaraiDTit of m . nartrmW . and the
• r ^ oo ^ f the remainder into corn rents , to beanj ^/ Paid , or finally by conver ting the whole cf the * j * such refcU . Ia tha two last cases , Jf * part of or ths whole of the price is ^" Mtd for aa oonasi x « Jt , the parebwr Ja
The Labourer (Edited By Fkakgtjs O'Conxo...
to all intents and purposes , u much the proprietor at in tka fir . t case where the whole price Is paid down in caib , and so long as the stipulated rents axe paid , he and his heirs can never be disturbed , bnt hold the land as free hold for ever . To the former proprietor tbe rents are guarantied by the land sold , and by all the other real property hell at the time of sale by the purchaser free from inch incumbrance , and the rents being transferable , and such property being always in demand , money can be raised by their sale with as much ease as it could before oa the land itself . That , without the necessity
of cultivating the soil , the original possessor enjoys the net income of his estate secured on the estate itself , which be can resume incase of non-piyment , while the purchaser , on the due payment of the rent charged , becomeireal and perpetual owner , having an interest in the soil far above that of farmer ¦ under any other ttnure . Experience has proved that , under this tenure , a rpirit of industry and economy is generated , producing content , ease , and even wealth , from estates which , in other countries , are hardly thought capable of iff jtdlnff sustenance to their occupints ,
Landed property in Guernsey is extremely subdivided . Instead of the property in the island being held in large masses , each acre of which is of insignificant value to the owner , it ii covered oier with clusters of small estates of from four to five acres . There may be some ia each pariah of twenty or thirty , but these are txcep . Horn , aad thirty-acre estate * axe extremely rare and looked upon as being considerable estates . This is the result of the law of succession in tha island . Land by that law cannot be devised by will . The eldest son takes * a « his eldership tbe boose , and from sixteen to twenty perches of land adjoining it on tho paternal or maternal estates , if there be both—he is also at liberty to retain the land ia a ring fence ; that is to say , to keep possession of all lands to which he may have access without crossing the public road , bat for such part of
the land aa exceeds his awn share he must pay to bis co-heirs the price put upon it by tha constables and donzasierr , or local court of the parish in which the land b situated . With the exception of one-twentieth part ef the land , which is reserved for tbe sons , and out of which the eldership is taken , the real property is divided two-thlrdf aaeog the seal , one-third among the daughters ; bat should their relative numbers give an ad vantage to the daughters , if a third were allotted to them , they woold ho bound to forego that advantage , and to share equally with the brothers . In order to preventan unnecessary splitting np of these small estates , it U provided that the eldest ton may , if he have the means , be allowed to pay to each of his brother ! and sisters the value of their share of the property , and then retain possession of the whole himself .
We add an extractor two illustrative of the effects of the Guernsey system , as shown by the quantity and quality of
ieilCCtTOXSL MODCCB . The rotation of crop * generally observed gives two crops of { wheat is five years ; tho usual course being partnipa , wheat , barley , clover , and wheat , the greater pr » 4 oee of wheat being after pannt p * . The average produce of wheat in England , under the large-farm system , it estimated by the best authorities at from twenty-three to twenty-four Winchester bushels per acre ; In Guernsey , under tbe small-farm system , a field of exactly two English acres and a half produced one hundred and thirtyfour and a half Winchester bushels ; or fifty-four bushels per acre . It is well ascertained that other far . mers have grown fifty . five and sixty bushels an acre ; so that the ordinary wheat crop may be taken as at
least doable that of the large faxms of England . Tbe hay crops average three tans and a half aa acre . They have beta frequently known on the best land and in fareurable seasons , to be four tons and three-quarters . Field roots for cattle are eqatJly ] productire , Parsnips are a favourite crop , not only on account of their productiveness , but on account of their utility in fatting stock and its power of resisting the injuries of frost . The produce per acre , though less than that of mangel wuixel , is considerably greater than that of the carrot . A good crop in Guernsey is considers 1 abeut twenty . two tons per English acre . Hogs prefer this root to all others , and make excellent pork , bnt the boiling of the root renders the bacon filthy . The animal can be fattened In six weeks noon this food .
viewing the agricultural system of Guernsey as a whole , ths fertility of the soil and the weight of the crops cannot be disputed . Let the production of tbe lslsad becqropired to that ot any ten thousand acres kept in one , two , or tores hands in Great Britain , and the superiority of small farms will be obvious ; independently of the support of the families employed is cultiva * tion , la a high state of comfort , the produce sent to market Is much larger than from the large-farm system of this country , The Gnernrey ten thousand acres keep two thousand five hundred milch cows , which produce , one with the other , all the year round , fire pounds of butter per week—this at Is . per pound or its value in milk , amounts to £ 32 , 000 a year ; five hundred end fifty caws are exported , and about that number of fat
cows or oxen are slaughtered . The quantity of vegetables fruit , poultry , and eggs , brought to market , is prodigious , end as many as 267 , 733 bushels of potatoes were exported lathe year 1839 : tbe eider of the island is of the best quality , and several hundred hogsheads ara ancoally shipped to England . ' The agricultural produce therefore , from such a small surface , will ba seen to bo enormous , and such as to incontettibly demonstrata the superiority of the tenure by which the land is held , and the mode in which it is cultivated . As a consequence * of this abundant production , prices are low . Wheat U'cheaperinlGuemsey than with ua . The erdisary price of good meat is fourpsnee per pound :
moist lugarfrom threepence to fourpence ; potatoes sell for threepence a peck , A tax cf one shilling a gallon on imported spirit , is tha only indirect tax of any kind whatever . The principal tax is a direct one ; it is a property tax averaging about sixpence in the pound upon all existing property . Thus a man pays this tax act only for his lands and bouses , but for money * th ! ch he may bare in the funds , for money lent on mortgage , & e . With theproceeds of this tax the whele general and local expenses of the government of this island are de . frayed , including the Disking of reads , the construction of public bnildisgs , aad the supporter two hospitals in St Peter-Pert , for the maintenance of aged , decayed , and s'ck aad icfirm persons .
. Notwithstanding these moderate prices , the rent of land is so high that it will astonish the English reader . It must be very inferior indeed if the rent is not two pounds per vtrgte , which , as two and a half ttrgets are equal to one English statute acre , is at the rate of five pounds per acre . The best land Is much higher , being valued at three pounds to three pounds firs shillings per vergee , or nearly three pounds per statute acre . The whole article is well worthy of attentive perusal . The conclusion of the story of ' The Murdered Trooper , ' a continuation of the series of articles on 'National Literature , ' and the conclusion of the romantic drama of'St John ' s Eve , ' constitute the remaining contents of this number .
Simmonis's Colonial Magazine. November. ...
Simmonis ' s Colonial Magazine . November . London : Simmonds and Co ., Barge Yard , Bncklersbnry . To the general reader the most inviting articles are those oa 'The Russian and Japanese Kurile Islands , ' 'Arctic Discovery , ' and a series of ' Letters from the Ottawa River , Canada . ' From an article advocating 'The revival of Cotton Culture in the West Indies' we select the following extract : — A WORD TO ' PHILANTHROPISTS' — HORRORS OF
BRAZILIAN SfcAVERY . By an inconsistency the most glaring , a contradiction the most absurd , the philanthropists of Great Britain , while denouncing the atrocities ef the slave drivers of the Georgia * , supply those very slave drivers with the means , and stimulate the extension of those atrocities by pajtog them 16 s Sd out of every 20 s . they expend upon cotton apparel , and leaving but the miserable pittance of 3 a 4 d for the reward of the free labour of their o « n fellow sutjacw . They murmur at the poor man being allowed to sweeten his cup of sloe-leaf Infusion , mis . called tea , with a few grains of slave-ralied sugar , while tbey wear the fruits of American tyranny without compunctJoo , smoke the nasty weed of Virginia without a blush , aud decorate their wires and daughters in tbe
diamonds ef Brazil , without once reflecting on the blood and misery by which tbey are procured , or calling to mud that the atrocities of the mmes far exceed those of the field , and that the slave-grown sugar of Brszil ascends to Heaven with fewer imprecations from suffering humanity than the gold won with difficulty from the bowels of the earth , or the glittering baubles purchased at a price at which Humanity shudders . Of this last , as wellsi fifth ! jostles ! which prevails mmong slaveowners , take the following eharacterittio example'Benor Geronimo Paex , director of a Brazilian diamond mine , having reason to suspect a negro of stealing dlameods , ordered 'him to ie- . ' ripped open , when a magnificent rose diamond was / ointd fn his intestines . Encouraged by the success of his first experiment ,
he ordered it to be tried on the second , third , and fourth suspected negro ; but , in each , case the victims were VVlOCtHt—90 SMKOKDS WEKE VODITD . This KSUlt , hoff . ever did not chtck SenorPatz , who repeated his atrooioai act upon two kobe negroes , but unsuccessfully . His conduct at last reached the ears of the proprietors of the mine , by whom he was summoned before the Tribunal of Tilla Bella . By tbe judgment delivered on ths 25 Ji of February , 1816 , we learn that Patz was ordered to pay Senores Cifuentef and Co ., the lessees of the mines of Brassala , the sum of 2 , 509 piastres , as the value of tte fee negroes of whom he had deprived tbe company , by putting ( hem to death without aw urnnr ! No order was made for the first negro , ashisdeatk was vox the BEsrsnx or ths owtmj . For the caws no proceedings fiadbccn taken I ! I
The only crime , In the eyes of the slave-driving judges , consisted in the failure to detect proofs of guilt , cot in ths deiecntloa of { hat which the Almighty can alone bestow—a gift estimated by them at the mighty valse of some £ 104 3 s 4 d sterling . But will this tale of horror , verified as it is by judicial processings , hsva the effect of diminishing the sale of Brazilian diamonds in tha British market by a single unit ; or exclude one of these gutter , log crystals of charcoal from the jew < 4 bozos of our piiisBjhra ?! c fair oaes ? Hear cot .
To The Working Classes. • Words Ara Thin...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Words ara things , and a small drop of ink Falling—like dew—upon a thought , produces That which makes thousand ! , perhaps millions , thiak BJB 05 .
' ORGANISATION OF LABOUR . ' TBE FRENCH « CONSTITUTION . ' CAPITULATION OF VIENNA . Brother Proletarians , A considerable portion of Louis Blakc ' s reply to Tarsus is devoted to a vindication of his scheme ol association for the' Organisation of Labour , ' in answer to the sneers and misrepresentations indulged in by his unrcrapalous antagonist . Ia my last letterthrough want of room—I was able only to indicate
the arguments of Louis Bntito ; for tbe same reason , I can in this letter only give the merest outline of his system . * Under that system the unemployed , or ( according to the infamous phrase of the political economists ) surplus' population , wonld be formed into associations of artisans and agriculturists , to work for themtike * . The necessary workshops or factories for the employment of the town workers , wonld ba provided by tha government . The agricultural producers would be placed on lands belonging : to the state . The necessary capital would be advanced from the National Treasury .
In the government of the associations , management would supersede mastership . The government would take the initiative of superintendence ; but after a time each association would become a self-governed body . The manufacturing workmen would be left to de * eide for themselves , in each asieoiation , whether they wonld adopt the present wages system , or that which Lours Buso favours — equality ef recompenses . Tbe profits wonld be devoted—one-fourth to the redemption of the capital , one-fourth to support the
sick and aged , one-fourth to be divided amongst the workmen as their share of the profits , and the remaining fourth to form a reserve fond . The union of manufactures with agrioulture , formed a valuable part of the schema of agricultural association , proposed by tbe Luxembourg Commissisn . One-third of the colonials Vera to be agricolturists ; one-third mechanics , whoze' labours are necessary to agriculture ; and one-third manufacturingopentives , Shopkeepers—those drones ef the industrial hive—would have found no place in those colonies .
I must refer the reader to the work entitled ' Organisation of Labour * ( which may be purchased for a shilling ); or to the supplement to the Spirit of tub Aox of the 28 th nit , noticed in my last letter , for a full exposition of Louis Buxc ' s' system . ' As regards the organisation of working men in factories and workshops , I can Me no reasonable objection to that organisation . At present five or five hundred 'hands' do manage to oass the day together in a workshop or a factory worhlngfor the profit of a toaster , without quarrelling or fighting ; why , then ,
should they not work together for their own benefit . on at least equally amicable terms ? Am I answered that anarchy is at present banished from the workshop and factory because the workers are curbed by a ' master ? ' I answer , that ths manager or super intendent would not be less a conservator of eider . There is as much regularity in eur national as in our p rivate dockyards ; and our political and benefit , societies are—to say the least—quite as well conducted by officers eleetid by the popular voice , as are associations of m illowners , or even the 'High Court of Parliament .
H it be argued that the rule o ! a * master' is necessary to ensure the fidelity and industry of certain workmen , who otherwise wonld be dishonest or idle , it may be answered that the fate—the regulations of each association adopted for the good of all—wonld he a sufficient protection against any such evils . Besides , there would bethewatchful superintendence of the managers . Lastly , and above all , each being interested in the general welfare—each having the interests of a ' master * superadded to his interests as a labourer , no one could play the part of an idler without provoking the general censure , and ensuring correction at the hands of the whole . If the government—general and local—Is able to make dockyards , and build churches , prisons , and
bastiles , it is equally able to erect workshops , factories , and fitting dwellings for the working classes . If the government can appropriate , or sanction the appropriation , of land for the benefit of the rich , it can surely do the same for the poor . If the government can draw taxes and raise loans to pay for wars—that is , for destruction—it can surely do the same to employ the labour of the working men—that is , for the advance of production . If the government can find millions of money with which to glut the ravenous maws of the tax-eating locusts of the State , surely the means might be found to save the tax-payers from pauperism . In this country , at all events , the means are ample enough without the imposition of any new tax , or the raising of any aew loan . The crossly
misapplied poor-rates , and tho parsons' plundercommonly called tithes—would suffice—if honestly aud skilfully administered—to gradually , but surely , extinguish pauperism . I also think I could put the Chancellor of the Exchequer ' up' to a few ether sources of revenue for purposes of national regeneration ; I must , however , warn his Chancellorship that , were he to act upon my suggestions , he would certainly be assassinated by the tax-eaters and profitmongers , unless , indeed , those worthies stood in awe of the proletarians . The support of the masses the Chancellor of the Exchequer may at once command—provided he will straightway commence a course of operations directly the reverse of those he has hitherto engaged in , taking care to
make the universal enfranchisement of the people the basis of his policy . A great outcry has been raised against Louis Blanc , on the ground that were his scheme of industrial organisation in operation , 'talentand industry would be allowed no larger share of material advantages than ignorance and sloth . ' It might be sufficient to answer , that so far from desiring to place idle ' ness on an equality with industry , the very object Louis Blakc has in view , is to put an end to the system by which the idler is enabled to live upon the labour of the worker . But it will be answered , ' Louis Blakc proposes that the present system of unequal wages shall be superseded by equal recompenses to all
worseis . ' a reterencu to Long ulakcs writings will show that he regards equality of recompenses , however just or desirable , as a system which the working men themselves are not yet prepared to adopt . But I submit that much might be said in favour of Louis Bubo ' s theory . One thing is certain , that—as a general rule—under the present system , those who work hardest are the worst paid . It will not be pretended that bricklayers work as hard as ' bricklayers' labourers , ' nor will it be pretended that the latter receive the highest pay . The same may be said of attorniesaud their clerks—rectors and their curates . Pharaoh ' s dream faithfully prefigured the present state of society—the fat kine devour the lean .
The most zs & loUB opponent of Lotns Blakc would be hard put to it to show that talent has any better chance than industry under the present system ; By talent , I mean genuine intellectual superiority , unalloyed by cunning or baseness . Thomas Ghat , the inventor of the railway system , after lingering through a life of neglect and privations , died a few weeks since in a state of positive distress . On the other hand , Hdbsov , the ' Railway King , ' who possesses not a spark of the genius of Grat , has acquired immense wealth , the lord mayorship of York , aad a seat in the legislature . Some time since an attempt was made to get up a testimonial to present to poor Grat , si an expression of public gratitude for the service he had done the state , in first showing the feasibility of the
railroad system . Not one of the railway companies could be induced to subscribe even a penny . Now look on the other side ef the picture : some money , worshipping scoundrel started the idea of' a testimonial in honour of George Hvdbob , Eiq ., M . P , ' and forthwith twenty thousand pounds were collected . The rail tray inventor had talent , and he lived and died in misery . The ' railway king' possesses the one needful qualification for sucotss—oour ^ eots-craft -rand he lives in boundless luxury , and rolls in untold wealth . The man of talent was starving , and a few hundred pounds oould not be collected for him . The man of craft laboured under a plethora of wealth , and at his feet hundreds hastened to lay their golden stores !
The apologists of the present system point to men who by their' industry' and ' talents' h » Te exalted themselves to the ranks of the wealthy and the noble . But I assert , that were the histories of those men investigated , it would be seen that nearly the whole have either profited by the industry or talents of others , or owed their first advancement to fortunate accidents , or made themselves the tosls and toadies of the rich ; trampling upon their own order —the sons of poverty—but with a ready suppleness ' becking and booing' to the men of property . The man who , in this age , has acquired wealth or greatness purely by Ms own industry , or the force of his genius , unaided by craft , servility , orapostacy , is a phenomenon I should much like to see . If such a ' human ' exists , and can be caught and shown
'alive , 'he will be an infinitely greater wonder than thepboeaix , thekraken , and the great sea'serpent would be , though all threewere safely caged together , and exhibited as the' latest , '' newest / 'just arrived ' ' happy family . ' To return to the question of wages : lam prepared to maintain that if unequal rewards > re the most just—if wages ahanld ha paid according to the kind of labour performed—as Louts Blasc ' s opponents contend—then the present system ought to be , in almost every instance , entirely reversed . At present those who minister to the artificial wants of the idlers of society are the best paid , whereas those who produce articles of prime necessity are the worst paid , I grant exceptions , but I assert such is the rule , " inequality of rewards are ths most just * then , I £ W » justice demands that tb * useful rather than the itfPSWfafllwlWwm M 4 ft
To The Working Classes. • Words Ara Thin...
bjet paid . I say , further , that those who follow dangerous or loathsome occupations , ( if such ccoupatiot s are necessary for the welfare of society , ) should receive special rewards . Perhaps some one will ask me how I would relish a coal miner receiving a reward for his labour equal tothatwhichlwceivefor mine ? I answer , were the rewards reversed , were my recompense transferred to the coal miner and bis wages to me , I should still be very sorry to change places with him . ; not because I shrink from labour , but because I could not help shrinking from the
labour he pursues . ! According to my ideas of justice mariners and miners should receive the very highest material rewards , in return for their most useful and most dangerous labour . Many loathsome and many dangerous occupations which might be dispensed with , should be altogether superseded , If England had a government worthy of the name , it would take care that the ' present fork grinders of Sheffield should be the last of their calling . No more generations doomed to asthmatic old age at twenty five , and d ? ath by or before thirty five , would be devoted to that murderous employment .
The friends of Louis Blanc have an easy task to defend his ideas in opposition to the' damnable doctrines' of the supporters of the existing system . But can they as easily reply to those who ^ hating the existing system , look upon Louis Blanc ' s plan as , of itself , inadequate to save the working classes from misery ? If a just and paternal government had ruled in France ten years ago , and if that government , m a time of general peace and comparative security , had carried out Louis Blanc ' s scheme of Association , I feel persuaded that , long ere this , the most beneficial results would have . been seen . But now . that the unbearable misery of the working classes , combined with the horrible conspiracies of the enemies of Labour , have nroduced a state of
anarchy—not to be mastered by artillery , nor remedied by _ paper ' constitutions '—now Louis Blasc ' s scheme is not sufficiently radical . Bolder—more sweeping measures—conceptions more thoroughly revolutionary are necessary to save the state . If the men at the head of the real democrats are not prepared to propose such measures , should the opportunity to bring them forward present itself , or if the proletarians of France are not prepared to insist upon such measures—then the Revolution of 1848 has been in vain . The whole system of society in France dooms the masses to degradation , despair , and death , and by the force of law , or the law of force , that system must perish , If not , ' woe to the workers !
On Saturday , November 4 th , the new French Constitution was adopted almost unanimously . The members of tbe National Assembly shouted 'Vive la Republique ! ' 'Tive la Constitution ! ' I am afraid that too many hypocrites and masked traitors joined in that shout . Before the final vote was taken , the Cit'ZMi Faux Ptat , ' one of 'the Mountain , ' made another attempt to embody a declaration in favour of the' Right to Labour . ' His motion wasof course rejected , only 88 vetlng for It , 638 recorded their votes acain « ttheobj « ct of the Revolution of February .
Fklix Pur was treated in the most ruffianly manner by the infamous majority . Constantly interrupted , he was almost torn from the tribune when , in spite of the bowlings of the aristocrat ! , he dared to vindicate the insurgents of June , by pronouncing their insurrection ' the protest of popular misery . ' The Constitution ( which I may take another opportunity of reviewing ) guarantees Universal Suffrage ; If it could guarantee universal common sense , there would be no chance of suoh another assembly ever pretending to represent the French people .
Vienna has fallen ! The heroic , the gallant democrats of tbe Austrian capital have been overpowered by brute-force . Hundreds have been mowed down by the tyrant ' s artillery . Hundreds more have been slaughtered by their brutal victors . Their families and homes have been abused and derolafed by ruffians and pillagers . Proscription , rapine , murder , and crimes I forbear to name , have made the hapless city a mortal hell—a pandemonium of norma which even the most powerful pen wonld fail to describe . May red vengeance overtake the desolatbia of Vienna !
It will be remembered that the people of Vienna generously and nobly rose on the 6 th of October to prevent the marching of troops against the Hungarians . They succeeded , acd the cowardly emperor , alarmed at this manifestation of poplar principle and courage , took to bis heels . If in that hour the Diet had deprived Fsbuirakd of his crown , and inyoked the aid of the German people for the defence of Vienna , the horrors of the 1 st . of November and subsequent days would never have been . But the Diet temporised and all was lost . A defeated tyrant was
never yet conciliated , and all but foals must have seen frem the outset that the only object of Fshdihand and his admirers was to gain time . As long as the mercenary hordes destined to execute the royal vengeance were not collected the tyrant amused the Diet with fair speeches about his love for his people , dec , Even when marching hia barbarian hordes against the capital , he professed to do so with ' a bleeding heart '—the hypocrite ! WiKDiscHOBAizVi out-throats once collected and ready for action , the Royal Cain threw off the mask of moderation , and , instead of fair words and fine promises
'Cried havoc ! and let slip tbe dogs of war !' After suffering bombardment for several day ' s , the eity appears to have been taken by storm on the 1 st inst . Its gallant defenders were either mowed down by grape shot , or , on being overcome with arms in their hands , were unmercifully put to the sword . The conduct of the Hungarians , who hive been represented as all along able and willing to save the city , but did not do so , is as yet unaccountable . At the last moment , a portion of the Hungarian army appear to have made a desperate and vain attempt
to turn the tide of war , but their efforts were' too late . ' Fatal words ! Fatal sometimes to kings , but nearly always so to the people . Unhappy nations ! Why will yen not learn wisdom from experience ? Why will you persist in shuttingyour eyes to the eternal fact , that the royal , aristooratical , and money-grinding enemies of Labour are your irreconcilable enemies ; enemies who have no belief in Justice , no sense of Honour , and no trust but in Force . Why , oh Peoples , when you have those enemies under your feet , why do you not do unto them as tftey do unto you ? L'Ami du Peupie ; November 9 ib , 1848 .
Miner's Association. A Grand Demonstrati...
MINER'S ASSOCIATION . A grand demonstration of the Aspul , and Black rod Colliers was held on Monday , November 6 th The procession , headed by a band of music , started from the Green Barn Lodge , at nine o ' clock ia the morning , and proceeded to meet their brethren at the Red Lion Lodge . The procession having been formed , proceeded to the place of meeting , calling at the Three Crowns and Black Horse Lodges . At this place the miners of the Waggon and Horses Lodge , Adlington , were waiting to join the ranks ; the procession then moved to the lodge at the Cock Tavern , where the district officers and delegates were assembled , Ihey then proceeded to the lodge held at Mr Pilkington ' s , and also to Aspul Moor , calling at the various lodges on the Moor , andbaok again to the place of meeting . A miner was
unanimously elected chairman . The meeting wss addressed by H . Dennett , D . Swallow , J . Parkinson , and other friends . At the conclusion it was unanimously resolved to send ina statement for an advance of wages—that is , the prices of 1816 and ' 47 ; A vote of thanks was given to the chairman and the speakers for their services . After giving three times three , and three cheers more for the union , the men returned to their various lodge rooms , preceded by the band . What are the miners of the Tyne , Wear , and Tees doing ? Are they not coming to the rescue ? During the past week , meetings have been held at Ringley , Bury , Bolton , Wigan , & o . A osunty meeting of Miners will be held at tbe Bowling Green Inn , Halsbaw Moor , near Bolton , on Monday , November 13 ; h , to commence at eleven o ' clock precisely . The statements to be sent in to the masters for an advance of wages will then be prepared .
Accident Bt Ar Omnibus.—An Inquest Was H...
Accident bt ar Omnibus . —An inquest was held on Tuesday before Mr Mills , at the Builders' Arms , Compton Street , Burton Crescent , on the body of J . Lock , aged 63 , a carpenter , who < was knocked down by aa omnibus , the property of Mr Bennett , Cheliea , ( while coming up Whitcomb Street at a speed of between six and teien miles an hour , by which his right leg was fractured . Ina few days dissease of the chest manifested itself , of which he died on the 27 th of October . The witnesses said that the driver might have prevented Ihe accident if he had only stopped a minute , and that omnibnsses went up Whitcomb Street ma reckless and dangerous manner .-Deoeased ' s son observed that the inhabitants informed him that they were every day in danger of their lives by the omnibusseB .-The Coroner re . marked that it was a great thoroughfare , and that flethought the Commissioners of Woods and Forests should
have taken steps to have widened tbe street -Verdict , That the deceased died from a disease of thacheat ; that the jury are of opinion that the streetin which the said ' accident happened is a dangenu and unsafe thoroughfare for omnibnsses , which daily pass therein , and that we recommend that some means should be adopted to prevent omnibusses and other vehicles from travelling along that M ? lVn 8 they ai ; P « t awnstomed to do . ' - » ii * & este < 1 to the inhabitants living in the street , then m the inquest room , to memorialise the tommiBBioners of Police for them to place a policeman there on duty , for the purpose ef checking the speed of the omnibuEses . , i 2 ?? BWI 0 K ' - ° Q Monday night , the Britannia , of 600 tons , left the London Docks with a large num . 5 " of emigrants , English , French , German , and Irish , for Australia . There is almost a fleet of veisels lying eff the jetty and . in the J ^ ic , preparing to iftt & tNsefenr ,
I Present And Future State Of Europe. Pa...
i PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF EUROPE . PabTvIU . ^ Sp KB ? r ; " ^ EUROPE AND OF ffDE \ TT L IONlL HEN S 0 CIEIY ° AN EE
• " ¦ fWM Beasons For a European Federation ;—1 . It is the interest of each individual to be a member of the strongest and best government—a government based on truth , and consistent m principle and practice . 2 . To have a Code of Laws just in princi ple , and simple and easy of application to practice . 3 . To be unrestricted b y Custom Houses and passports , and to have direct and light taxation . , 4 > . To be well " trained , educated , * employed , and placed .
5 . To be so instructed that each may be his own priest , lawyer ,- physician , and soldier ; in order that each may be the most independent of others that social arrangements can be made to admit . 6 . That each individual should be gradually removed into social arrangements that would combine the advantages * of the present cities towns , and isolated residences , without any of their innumerable evils and inconveniences . 7 . That each individual should be so instructed and placed , as to be made competent to take part— -at the proper age— -in the government of the social arrangements—local and general- —of which he is a member .
8 . That standing armies and national ecclesiastical establishments should be gradually superseded ; but that the individuals at present supported by them , as they have been so trained and placed by society , should be amply provided for . 9 . That the repulsiye principle which is the cause of competition , contests , and wars , should be openly abandoned by all nations ; and superseded by the attractive principle , which will create universal peace , un on , charity , and love , among all those who are now opposed to each other over the world ; opposed by language , religion , and other national prejudices .
10 . That the greatest amount of valuable wealth , compatible with the health and rational enjoyment of the producers , should be annually created , and justly distributed . 11 . That it is , in fact , the interest of every one , that old society , which is opposed to the right cultivation of the human faculties and to the happiness of all , should be now peaceably superseded by new society , which will secure the happiness of all ; which > change , by wise arrangements ,: may be accomplished without evil to any : and thus all inferior circumstances in ' every department of life , may be gradually superseded , and replaced by those only which are superior .
. This knowledge of what is for the immediate and permanent interest and happiness of all , will form a solid and eternal foundation for a general rational Government , Constitution , and'Code of Laws , for Europe and the world , when federatively united ; or , for each ' existing state separately , while unwisely isolated , and opposed in interest and feelings to its neighbours .
Constitution. And Code Of Laws For Europ...
CONSTITUTION . AND CODE OF LAWS FOR EUROPE , WHEN FEDERATIVELY UNITED UNDER ONE GOVERNMENT ; OR FOR EACH SEPARATE GOVERNMENT , . UNTIL THAT UNION SHALL HAVE BEEN PEACEABLY EFFECTED . . .
Preliminary. Europe Has Hitherto Been Di...
PRELIMINARY . Europe has hitherto been divided—owing to the very crude sind inexperienced state of the hnman understanding—into fnations speaking different languages , having different interests , and trained under different governments , in opposing feelings and strong national prejudices . These are circumstances vicious and most unfavourable for every inhabitant of Europe ; and it is , therefore , the interest of all , from the highest to the lowest , to terminate , as speedily as . practicable , this most irrational state of affairs , in which all are grievous sufferers .
Were Europe under one government , composed of well devised independent states , federatively united , and each indgpendent state scientifically constructed to perform , in the best manner , all the substantial business of life , and to ensure from birth , by a good practical education , the well-doing and happiness of each individual , ALL THE INHABITANTS OF EUROPE WOULD BE IMMENSE GAINERS , and the world would be induced—by witnessing their individual and social progress and happiness—to imitate the example .
Under the supposition that the now opposing nations of Europe will acquire sufficient common sense to discover that their prosperity , peace , and happiness , can proceed only from union ; and that union can be attained only when society shall be based on fundamental truths , instead of , as heretofore , on fundamental falsehoods , a Government , Constitution , and Code of Laws will be required , formed in accordance with those truths .
To form an intelligent , united , virtuous , prosperous and happy state of society for Europe , arrangements must be scientifically combined to create and distribute wealth , in the best manner , and in abundance for all ; to form , from birth , a good and intelligent character for all ; to well and temperately exercise , through life , the physical and mental powers , faculties , and propensities of all ; to well govern these arr angements locally , and to unite them fedearrangements locallyand to unite them
fede-, ratively in one common interest , under one general government . To effect this happy change for the world , all the innumerable vicious , injurious , and inferior external circumstances , created by a system based on falsehood , and which now pervade society , must be superseded by tlisjse circumstances only which are virtuous , beneficial , and superior , in every department of life .
This new combination of circumstances may now be formed for Europe , at much less than one-tenth of its present labour and capital ; and the whole thus locally re-organised and federatively united , may be governed far better and with much more ease and efficiency , than London , Paris , Vienna , or any other city or town , is now governed , or ever can be , under the false principle on which alone the world has been hitherto governed . With this view a Constitution and Code of Laws , devised and recommended for the future government of Europe , and the world , with the reasons for each law , shall be given in future numbers . Robert Owen . London . November 7 th , 1848 .
Coaonsn's Ikquest.—Death Of A Prisonbr N...
CoaoNsn ' s Ikquest . —Death of a Prisonbr nr Nbwoatb . —On Friday night week , an inquest was held at Newgate , on tho body of John Bull , aged twenty-six , a prisoner , who died from the alleged grief and excitement consequent on his confinement therein . Mr Cope , tho Governor of the Prison , stated that the deceased , who had been a printer , was re ceived there on the 10 th of August , 1817 , having bsen convicted at the September sessions for obtaining a bill of exchange under false pretences . He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment . Although his friends were allowed to visit him , the circumstance of his incarceration deeply affected his mind . He appeared remorseful , and suffered great mtntal depression . MrM'Murdo , the surgeon , said that the disease of Bull was aggravated , if not induced by the confinement , and he had sent a certificate to the Home Office , to the effect that a relapse would be fatal if it occurred while he was confined . A verdict of ' Natural death' was recorded .
Suicide phom Gam . —On Saturday last , an inquest was held on the body ot Thomas Gadd , aged eighteen , of Blackfriars Road . JohnGadd , a brother of tho deceased , stated that a young lady , to whom the deceased was very much attached , died on Monday week , and since then he had been absorbed in grief . On Wednesday he came to witness with his Bible , silk handkerchiefs , shirt studs , & o ,, and said he should not want them any more . Upon asking him what he meant , he replied , ' Don't ask me any mote . ' He had no doubt he had destroyed himself , and this through tho loss of the lady he had so strong an att ^»? ftU 9 a Vejdkit , 'TepjQis ^ uisanity ^
Vwtttte&._ . . K.
Vwtttte & . _ . . k .
A Patron Of This Gamb Laws.—Tho Bishop O...
A Patron of this Gamb Laws . —Tho Bishop of Ripon keeps a gamekeeper . . . , -T Sportiso Divinbs .-No less thsusixty-nineofithe Yorkshire State Parsons have taken out . licences ; toshoot ! These men aim at being of good ^ report . Since October . 1844 , Bank of England Stock Jaa fallen from 203 to 183 , and consols from 10 J to 841 It dobbh ' t Rhimb , but 'tis TRUtf . —Wby is . 8 wig like a Whig ? Because it is a false attachment to the crown , Pehohbss vh Ibbiand ' . — There are 12 . 328 prison , ers in the several jails throughout Ireland .
Pauperism , —The workhouse of Kilrush is at present filled to the utmost . The number of inmates exceeds 1 , 400 . There are over 1 . 000 paupers in the Killarney werkhouse , 156 having been admitted last Monday week . " Flax is now admitted duty free in England . Tho quantity imported has largely increased . A Okinese proverb Fays , « A lie has no legs and is cannot stand ; but it has wings , and can fly far and : wide . ' -- ' .-- - The funds of the Wesloyan Missionary Society ^ otj England are not only exh & ualed , but the trustees are £ 10 , 000 in debt . „ ,, To DsiEcr Fraud in Tba , —Professor Reid or New York , says , that fraudulently coloured green tea may be easily detected by putting a small quantity of it in a glass of cold water , letting it remain for a few minutes .
Number of EtEcrORg is Irei . and . -- The total number of electors registered for counties , cities , and boroughs in Ireland , on the 1 st of February , 1848 , was 108 , 189 , showing a decrease of 16 , 109 compared with the 1 st of February , 1837 . A Good Akswbr . — ' What shall I do , ' said % liquor seller , to a temperance lecturer , ' if 1 quff eelling rum V ' Go into the peorhouse , ' said the lecturer , ' and bs supported there , and let the poor you have made paupers come out . ' BawARB or Tsjutathw . — Several drapers of Ljvef » pool have been fined £ 1 each and costs for exposing goods at their shop doors , thereby tempting personf to theft . A Sps . —The name of the policeman" and quon dam correspondent of the Nation , who first proposed the escape of Mr Duffy , and then betrayed him , il Hutchinson .
Thb Govibmment and ihb Tubkpike Trusts . " ** It is stated that the government intend to deal wiUt the general question of turnpike trusts in the next session of parliament , and are endeavouring to obtain information to enable them to do so with effect . Murder . —i bailiff , named Donohue , who was left in charge of corn distrained for rent , was murdered on Tuesday , at Mongert , county . Limerick , - . Feualb Democbats . —Demaoratic clubs of womeB have been established at Cologne and Breslan , for tha purpose of discBSMogtheoondition of the workwomee of all kinds . Exeter Hah Fanatics . — Sir C . E . Bradley , Bart ., Mr Plumptre , and a few more of the Exeter
Hall fanatics , are making preparations to convert the Pope , and all his Italian subjects to Protestantism . Deaths from Starvatioi . —A few days ago a poor man named Kiely died of hunger , on hia way to the Newcastle workhouse , Limerick . A poor woman named Meeban fell dead on the steps of . Jervis-streefc Hospital , Dublin , into which she had just before that been refused admission . Strebt Sweepers—Tho street sweeping machines have been abandoned in Manchester , and the old practice of cleansing the streets resorted to . No doubt owing to the quantity of Free Trade living machines on hand .
Extraordinary . DfscovBRY . — The Texas Stab states that a million mummies have been discovered on the environs of Duranango , Mexico . They are in a sitting posture , but have the same wrappings * bands and ornaments as the Egyptians . A Touthpuii Pair . — The Nobpolk Chrouicm states , that a Mrs Gilbert and a Mr Holmes residing near Ely , muster between them 212 years , the lady being 102 , the gentleman 110 , aad that both can walk a mile better than a person half acsntury behind them . How 10 Ovpm a Reward . —Ah Irish officer losfl & TjMcelof silk atockinga , and sent a ballmanl & hottt to offer a reward for them , which was so Email that % friend observed he could not expect to recover then * Ah ! ' says Paddy , ' I have advertised theid a * worsted ones . ' ' .
A Legal PoiNT . —There is a report currant thai Mr Holmes , the eminent lawyer , has stated that the government have not it in their power to transport for high treason , as the extreme penalty or pardon must be the result . A Closed . — A country surgeon , who was bald , was visiting at a friend's house , whose servant wore a wig . After bantering him a considerable time , tha doctor said , 'You see how bald 1 am , and yet I don't wear a wig V To which the servant replied , ' True , Sir , but an empty barn requires no thatch . How many Poor Families would n have Rs * lieved ? — Private letters , which talk of Irish famine , mention tuo and twenty " guineas as the BUSH given for absx in the Dublin theatre , at oneoi I Jenny Lind ' s performances , 1 Our Jives are spent either in doing nothing at all ! or in doing no'hing to the purpose , or in doing nothing that we ought to do . We are always complaining that our days are few , and acting as though there would be no end of them—Seneca .
What next?—Mr Dent , the eminentohronomoten maker , has got the contract for making the great clock for the Victoria tower of the House of Parlia « ment . Price £ 1 , 600 . It is to strike the hours om a bell from eight to ten tens weight , chime tha quarters on eight bells , and show time on fourdialsj thirty feet in diameter . _ . _ ,... Tha Papulation . of Sweden amsunta to abouft 3 , 500 , 000 souls , and has only threo paupers in every ; 400 persons , while in Norway the y reckon five out oil every 100 ; in Denmark , 4 ; in Wurtombnrg . 5 ; im Switzerland , 10 ; in Italy , 13 ; in France , 15 ; and ! in the British Islands collectively , IT ; although im England separately there are only ten . Rustic Eloqubnoe . —A farmer ' s labourer , speak * ing of the hard toil , the small pay , and consequent !
bad Jiving of the men engaged in thrashing alongg the winter , brought his description of their suffer ? inga to a climax thus : — ' They work till they are ase thin as hurdles , aa weak as water , and till thef t tremble like a leaf , ' Thb Btjicheb and Mb Fox . —When Mr Fox vim canvassing Westminster , he called on a butcher iu ' i St James ' s Market to sslioit his vote . The knight oJoi the cleaver thus answered the candidate for his votcte and interest . 'Sir , I admire your head , but damns your heart ! ' To which Mr Fox replied , ' Sir ^ I admire your candour , but damn your manners I ' Importation op Potatoes . —The importation ojoj potatoes into England is of a magnitude quite surf prising . In two days there were landed in Lendonuj from Belgium and France alone , upwards of thretet thousand tons ! This was independent of importa-ations from other parts of Earope .
Irish IssoiiVasis . —The Dublin Gazettb , of Tneses day evening last , contains a list of 132 insolvents for the counties of Donegal , Tyrone , Enniskillenm Queen ' s County , Kilkenny , Limerick , Tipperaryry Waterford , and Wioklow , of which no lees than 7 ^ are set down as 'farmers . ' Economical Hair Wash —Take one ounce of hobo rax , half an ounce of camphor ; powder these ingrara dients fine and dissolve them in one quart ot boilinin water ; when cool the solution will be ready for uaaas Damp the hair frequently . This wash not only el ei factually cleanses and beautifies , but strengthens thth hair and prevents early baldness .
Lend mb a Husdrbd . —Phil was inclined for r : trip to the Springs , and called upon his friendnd ' Hal , my dear boy , I ' m off for the Capes , and I findni this morning I am a trifle short—lend me a hundrecec will you V Hal , after a pause , which apparently ! included a mental examination ef his financial aiai rangements : ' Well , Phil , to tell you the truth , i , do not feel disposed—at present—to make—any pepei manent investments . ' Important to Suitobs in thb Small Dbbtbt Cobrt . —Mr Bullock , in a esse heard in the City w ( London Small Debts Court , a few days ago , held thstht a defendant was not bound to be in attendance unlealei subpeeaed to give evidence as a witness ; hishonoooi was so strongly of opinion on this point , that he w r <
fused to adjourn the case for an application to tilth court above . The Wrono Sow bt the EAB . —An amusing in it : oident occurred some time since at the City Clerkirk Office , Boston . A stout Irishman came in at tb tt ; same time with an enormous dog , and said to IM Ml M'Cleary , who was at his desk , ' May it plaze yowon honour , I waat a license . ' Mr M'Cleary quietletll wrote out the license , and handed it to the mamar : 'And how much am I to pay V' Two dollars ! ' « TwTw dollars ! ' A friend of mine got one here only a day cy c : two ago for fifty cents . ' 'It must be a mistake / x ( r < i plied Mr M'Cleary ; ' I have been here a great mamani years , and never issued a dog | license under two da da ; Jars 1 ' ' Dog 1 ' cried the Irishman ; ' hang the doglog ;
I never saw the baste before . I want to get married ted Emioratiokto Akbsioa . —The Mowing is astatitatn ment of the number of emigrants which arrrived ad 1 New York in the present year , from January to S 6 ] S 6 ]| tember , inclusive - .-From Ireland , 72 , 898 ; Ge : Ge :: many , 40 . 731 ; . England , 17 . 223 ; Scotland , 4 , 97 ^ , 974 France , 2 , 007 ; Holland , 1874 ; Switzerland , 1 , 24 & 4 £ Norway , 1 , 206 ; Wales , 899 ; West Indies , S 3 SS 353 Spain , 225 ; Italy , 241 ; Sweden , 113 ; Poland , BS , 52 ] Denmark , 33 ; Portugal , 35 ; South America , 3 ] , 3 ]! Russia , 11 ; Mexico , 7 5 IBelgium , 4 ; China , 1-, 1 « Total , 143 , 642 . The above list shows strikingly tb ; tit supereminent mfcery of Ireland ; for emigration iai iai decisive test of dissatisfaction aud destitution .
Celtic Labour and a Colomy op Pios .--The Soottiottiii Celt will , in all probability , finally become extinct , tot . know not how it can be otherwise . Grouse and sheisheii pay bo much better than Celtic labour , than nopropr dent landlord would for a moment hesitate which ion choose . A colony of wild pigs upon any Highlathlaii estate , would be a much more profitable investmetmei than a colony of Celtic men .-Z ' r Pr \ ox ( Mtdigtdfa Timss . \
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11111848/page/3/
-