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November 11, 1848. ^ THE NORTHERN STAR. ...
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mughjng ham. he was present, and could a...
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MR RIOARDO, M.P. FOR WORCESTER. : AND -T...
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CHARTIST FORTHCOMING MEETINGS. Sunday, N...
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FORTHCOMING LAND MEETINGS. To hear the R...
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A Fat Pauper.—A woman, who: has been an ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
November 11, 1848. ^ The Northern Star. ...
November 11 , 1848 . ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . 5
Mughjng Ham. He Was Present, And Could A...
mughjng ham . he was present , and could answer for ^ in iSjimself . The ' modeof m ^ nagirigthe carters * work iifas Vas this—if one set went to the stone quarry , eeacheach P ^" ° f horses brought an equal load , arid ajverjevery man brought an equal number of loads . Kle # Ie paid for the st ° ne by the square yard , and wgaTqgan each Saturday night the overseer , whose tbusibusiness it was to keep an account of every Hoadjoad drawn , made his report to Mr O'Connor , jjftrjf they went five turns for stone , every miri was * as obliged to perform that duty , and every ijnanman did perform that duty . If they could go Ithrethree times to the lime-kilo , every man was
, comcompe iled to do so ; and if they went twice for jgantgand , every man was obliged to do so . And he uronirould take upon himself to say , that in no jginf single instance was this amount of labour iskuskulked . That he had done more labour iFitbritb . M 3 horses for 8 s ., than , he could hire ; for for 2 * . j and that , excepting one instance at O'CO'Connorville , where a labourer got drunk , janfoid stripped , and challenged another to fight , lie he had never seen a drunken man npon
anjgny estate . So much for the horses . " 1 Mr CuUingham rose and said— « Mr Chairma man , may I be permitted in fairness to say , thJthafc , in all my life , I never sat down in comyaipany with one of the carters—that I never jnejnet them at any pablic-honse—and that I nenever drank half a pint of beer with any one of thithem , so help me God I or saw one of them dr drunk ; and I appeal to Mr Rider—one of the de delegates , and a carpenter—whether he ever sa saw me drank on the estate V
Mr Rider . —I certainly never saw Mr Colli : ling barn drank upon the estate in my life . Mr O'Connor—The next charge is , that of J | Mr Lawrence having received 30 s . a week for hi having superintended his own men . Mr Lawit jence did not receive 30 s . a week , be received lj n a week—not for superintending' his own B men , but for superintending the cutt ! ting out of the foundations npon the proper e sites marked out by Mr O'Connor , and which v was ene of the operations that required the j greatest vigilance and circumspection . The i men employedin thatwork might put the Com-I pany to considerable expense , if not superint tended by a person who understood the
busii ness . "The next was , thegreat wastethathadbeen i committed . As regarded that , several carpen ( iers whohadbsen engaged on the works o / private individuals , had stated , and put it in writing , that they never saw so small an amount of waste of the property of any individual j and shjUie ( Mr O'Connor ) was prepared tb assai & sud prove was . that there was drth the
riet one po ^ B ^ w of waste committed njOT ^ e pi ^^» tf of . Company , but that , em the contrary , every -particle that was Over fiwnone estate was carried to another . He asserted , beforemany carpenters—whom he invited to contradict him if what he stated was : not feue—that the most ' niggardly master could not have been more careful of every morsel of property , even to the burning of the sawdust for manure .
"The next charge was , that Mr Taylor—Mr Cullingham ' s son-in-law—received 3 ? . a week ; while the books would show that be received lbs . a week , and sometimes li , and that his contract was the same to the farthing as every other painter—namely 2 ? . as ., for giving a cottage and outbuildings four coats of paint , finding bis own colour . ( Hear , hear . ) "As to the eounselnotbeing present , the Directors are aware that Mr O'Connor offered te pay the most eminent counsel his fees out of his own pocket ; but Mr O'Connor was not aware at the time that he made the
announcement that Conference met precisely at the commencement of the term , just when clients and business were pouring in , aud at a time when counsel worth having could not leave London whatever fee was offered . "As to the charge of allowing tradespeople and labourers to go into the cottages before the time for location , it came with abad grace from Mr Edwards , who was so pathetic aboat the poor . He wonld not onl y plead : guilty to this charge , but he would do so with ; pleasure , and he was only too happy to be able to accommodate those whose numbers , coming ^ apon a
sudden , always increase the price of ledgings ; hut he wonld tell Mr Edwards more , that although he was not aware that they did consane much of the roots , yet if he ( Mr O'Connor ) saw them without firing while the roots trere there , he would tell them to use them anil welcome , and he wondered whether the house being aired would be better or worse for the occupant ? He was only too happy to have it in his power to make them as comfortable as possible . " Lastly , with respect to the removal of Mr O'Connor from the Directory , he could only
say , that for that proposition he wonld cheer-, fully vote himself ( Laughter . ) And if such was the wish of tie Conference , he would not , like other dismissed Directors , ask them to pay his wages , or the money that was due to him . ( Hear , hear . ) And now he would carry the war into the enemy ' s camp , arid he begged leave to ask Mr Edwards , -whether the itinerating bagman , who travelled Devonshire to abuse thaLand Company , bad been employed at Snig ' s End , and i f . so , in what branch ? Mr Edwards . —He was engaged as a sawyer . Mr O'Connor . —Then , SirBoyle Roach ' sbkd was a fool to him ; the bird could only he in two places at once while the bagman appeared
to be possessed of ubiquity . Here was a sawyer working under a shed , seeing a man resting upon his plough , men drinking at the Feathers , men digging foundations , men grabbing , waste committed , and inspecting the wages book—all at the same time . And this honest sawyer , holding sixteen shares—four four-acre shares—who had so laudable an interest in the well-being of the Company , had paid up 9 s . 6 d . upon the sixteen shares , according-to the Se cretary ' s book , just handed to me , or sevenpence a share . He would now ask Mr Edwards another question—it was , whether Mr Francis Putt , of Snig ' s End , was his other informant , and the other Devonshire firebrand . Mr Edwards . —He certainly was .
Mr O'Connor . —Now then , for this gentlemen . Of all the villains that ever disgraced any society , this fellow is the greatest . He bought a wood from me of eleven acres ; he was to grub it , so that the plough could go over it , and to pay me £ 120 . My terms were that I should have half the money down , and that the wood should be grubbed under Mr King ' s inspection . He said he had the money in Devonshire—that he would go for it and pay it , according to the terms . I told Mr King that I had sold it te him . At that time , the Committee of the House of Commons on the Land
Company occupied my every hour . He went to Devonshire ; did not bring the money , but brought a sample of cabbage plants , in which he proposed to pay me . ( Laughter . ) He took Possession of the wood without my knowledge , Mr King presuming that he had paid according to coatract ; he sold nearly 40 X worth of bark , and some poles , in Gloucester , which I heard of b y rsere chance , —I stopped the money , — * called an auction , sold a portion , detained the remainder , —he . robbed the Company of SOL , ^ a Iara no tt- paying for the grubbing of «> e wood . ( Cries of shame . ) Mr O'Brien — Oh ! I can sneak to that vil-J ^ s character ;< af all the villains that ever were ™* nIlook upon £ hat fellow as the greatest . 1
V" just tell the Conference one circumfrfc ^ and th ey ma judgg from that . Mr ^ Warn sent him to perform some work ° theschool-house at Lwhands , —it took him JJa ? and a quarter . I saw Mr Cullingham jraoreft 6 mea were paM aud he ; asked me ? J amy days Putt had worked ,- / toldhun J jayanda quarter . MrCnllingham said , " why a ** entered him into the book five da vs and ItW ^""* toWmethat that washis to . ** . jasaltered ; and when I saw Putt after ,- l 3 k ' " WeU ' tt ^ ywi a * the mos , i ; ^ Rm , T !? \ nhanff ; J ™ retul f 2 five da ^ u ngham as having worked ( a daw 8 ^ * quarter , while you only worked : j ^ y and a quarter ; " and just mark the fel-j 8 answer ; he said , in the coolest manner .
Mughjng Ham. He Was Present, And Could A...
possible ,: . , Well , might I not as well rob the Companv as any body else ? " ( Cries of " What avillainP' )^ > . - ' . '¦ ('' . " ! >•{ £ , ; ' Mr O' & nnor . ^ Now , , 1 ; thjijk 1 have ex . posed the ^ aracter of theft wo Devonshire bagmen that ' takaSo laudable an interest in this Company-Jthe one has paid 9 s ? 6 d . towards sixteen shared and-has been discharged , and the other has cheated the Company out of 50 / .. But this Conference must learn aud under stand , that every man once employed thinks that he is engaged for life , and that when his work is done that it is tyranny to discharge him , and that he has a right to live upon the funds of the Company , and that if I deny that right I am the tyrant and must be abused .
( Hear , hear . ) Whereas , the salvation of the Company depends upon my faithful execution ofthe trust reposed in me , and my fixed determination never to gain popularity or toleration by the violation of that trust . ( Cheers . ) " Mr Edwards has said , that a practical builder has entrusted him with an estimate to build houses for 802 . —another delegate proposes building houses for 652 . ; but here is the distinction which all overlook—that I propose and will have uniformity of building , as I will not be charged with having built Irish cabins for the Land members ; and if there is one thing more than another to which 1 seek to wed those members , it is not to their comfortable but actually to their stylish and convenient cottage , and after all that has been said about them I am here to affirm that there
never were , in this or any other country , such convenient cottages , cottages in every respect so well built , so well finished , and with the very best materials . And there are practical builders , many of them in this room , who have been on the several estates—there are occupants herefrom every one of the estates , and I defy them to find out one single fault . ( Hear , hear . ) " Now , then , I longed for this opportunity , te give an answer to every charge that might be brought against the Company . A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump ; a few scabby sheep infect the whole flock '; . but I rejoice to think that nine in every ten of the
occupants are go o d , industrious , honest men , and , with God ' s blessing , I will very speedily drive the vermin from amongst us . ( Hear , hear . ) With regard to those SOL and 651 . cottages , let the Conference bear in mind , that they are not my cottages upon my plan and therefore furnish no data to go upon . A builder ia , Gloucester , whose very heart and soul was in [ the Plan , proposed to build the cottages at 2401 . each , and now I w ill give the master builders ( the 652 . and 80 L gentlemen ) the rough items of the expenditure of one « f our cottages . Bricks , 12 , 080 , at 30 * . . £ 18 0 0 Timber and slates . . 30 0 0
The whole of thebrick-work , slating , ' plastering , laying kitchen , floor , fixing chimney pieces , setting , stoves and . range ? , . and ; preparing for sleepers , making mortar and all . . . . 13 D 0 Carpenters' work . . 12 IT ) 0 ( A voice from one of the bystanders , ' Too much . ' )
Mr . O'Connor .- —Well , a word about that presently . . Foundations , with plinth , includingstone ^ . . . ,- . 8 0 0 Painting , ; . ghoir ^ eM glass . 3 0 0 No » : there is 8 w . ; without any margin for lime or . sand , grates and stoves , kicks , letches , hinges ; and irenmoagery , chimney pots and stone ? hjmney pieces ; digging wells , -sinking pumps , payingfor . them ,- !^ . for valleys , and all the etceteras . ' Now 'that ' s my . cottage . But let Mr Edwards ' s <» ntracfe , © r any otbe man , propose , to- perform tios « ^ vetal operations
cheaper , and to leavetwratyifiverper « cent . of the money ^ npsH'ti ^^ w io ^ ii approved of by my weiseer , s ^^^ ie ^ hnU _ ' have the contract t ^^^ j ^ Sj ^ , Mt not for his houses . And now a w ^*| pj . my | rj ! ecd ~ who says " too much" for the-carpenters' -work . - Is'he aware that there are three roosra , a dairy , a back kitchen , a cow bouse for two cows , -e . place capable of holding a pony , a place for-roots , a privy , two sheila , a gate to the yard ,-a < dresser in the kitchen up to the ceiling , with three drawers and five shelves ; a cupboard % the fire-place , up to the ceiling ; and two dwarf
cupboards in the sitting-room . Now then , observe , my principal object in establishing this Plan was , to raise the rate of wages , while labourers themselves cry "too much . <( Hear . ) "Anothereharge washy the farmer-sin each district , that Iraised the wages of thelabourers . ( Hear , hear . ) Why that is the very life and soul of the Plan . I create a demand , .-and the supply in the saarket is worth more rnioney : and now to hear such a charge . I will now « tate - to this Conference , in presence of the Directors , of several ef the overseers , and of many carpenters and builders
who have been employed upon the estates —what no other employer ia Europe could state—that if we separated to-morrow , even in hostility , not one of them could . charge me with one single mean , dishonourable , dishonest , or hypocritical act . I could defy them . ( . Hear , hear , " from the Directors . ) I want'to harmonise the labourers , and not to disunite them . I have told every overseer , that if die had a complaint to make against a man 4 o make it in his presence , as I would not hear dti in his absence ; and I can say what no other ; employer can say , that I never spoke a harshword to any man since I commenced opera- !
tions—that my every act has been upon the side of indulgence—and that as to practical bnilders & A agriculturists , I will submit to no controul , if I did , like other societies , your ' s would very speedily book up . "I rejoice to have met so discreet , so valuable , so prudent a Conference , and I rejoice to think that you are within twelve miles of forty-two of the reviled houses—go and see for yourselves , and then censure if you can . I have stood an amount of slander , of labour , expense , anxiety , and trouble to realise this , the darling object of my life ; and I am resolved—with the assistance of such men as
you—to overcome all opposition , and go on till I conquer every foe , and locate every unwilling idler in his' own castle , upon Ms own labour field . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr James Taylor , delegate for Ashton . — " There will be always grumbling—do what yeu will , you will never satisfy some people . ( Laughter , and "True . ' ') There were two in our district ; one chap got £ 65 , 1 think , for a three-acre allotment , and he began to growl ; and the wife of another in Stockport came away , and left her husband at O'Connorvilie ,
but nothing would satisfy them . Mr O'Connor . —Well , now , Mr Taylor has truly stated one of the alternatives of the dissatisfied , namely—to sell their allotments ; and surely , the man who pays £ 2 12 s ., and gets £ 85 , as one did at O'Connorvilie , less the Company ' s charges ; and this man referred to , £ 65 for his £ 3 18 s . ; others £ 100 and £ 120 —they , have no great cause to complain . But , as regards the other case , he would just ask his friend Taylor , whether the name of the party is Wallwark ? Mr Taylor . —Yes ; that is the name .
Mr O'Connor . —Now , you see I am in a position to answer every single complaint of every single growler . I will now tell you this gentleman ' s SOLEMN POSITION , and my cruel treatment of him . He came to O'Connorvilie in August , 184©—the time of the Demonstration ^ afiectingito believe that the occupants were to be located g then . " He brought his family and furniture , and broke up his house . He was the onl y one that came , and he had no right to come till May , 1847 . I put him into a house , gave him permission to have plenty of firing , gave him milk for nothing , had two bedsteads made ^ s his furniture was delayed , sent him chairs p ^ m my own house , and advanced him 51 . He vvr , bear . ) Now that was that gentleman ' s r soiei nn position . ' * [" And I might have
Mughjng Ham. He Was Present, And Could A...
added , , that , he had one of the veryjiest allotments on any of the estates—that his interest is wel | worth 1002 . of any man ' s money- * tbat the Dttictprs sold the handkerchiefs that he wove at a penny above the market price—that even the ; " Star > ' office was one of his retail shops—they were advertised in the " Star , " arid "S yery thing that man could . do I dkl for that man /] I allowed him to put up his loom in one of the cottages and paid for the repairs of the cottage when it was taken down . He made gown pieces as well as handkerchiefs—he
had the first cottage at' the entrance to the estate , and , with few exceptions , parties coming to visit the estate gave him large , orders , so much so that he could not complete all . And now mind , I am not at all censuring the man , for I believe that a more industrious , a more honest , a more respectable man of his class there is not in England than Wallwark ; he was always either at work or with his family , he never went near a public house ; but I will now narrate for the reader a piece of the most consummate rascality that ever was perpetrated .
" Wallwork brought with him to O'Connorvilie two of the sweetest children I ever saw . They looked puny and delicate . Their mother told me and others that the hoy had some complaint which gave him a dizziness . When they were with me a short time the appearance of both delighted the parents , and astonished every one . They became perfect patterns of health , and many a time I have gone into the cottage just at dinner hour or tea time , and Mrs Wallwork has told me that she could scarcely give them enough to eat NOW , though they were very delicate at Stockport . Well , the winter was the trying season , and the children , as every ene at O'Connorvilie will testify , went OB growing ,
improving and getting more healthy . ' " Not a day sick . The summer came , and they looked blooming . I have seen them working in the field with the mother , all expressing themselves delighted . Every occupant will testify to this , as I am speaking now of the period after all were located . Well , mark the sequel and the horror : Mrs Wallwark returned to Stockport , and took the children ; the boy , I am told , went to work in the mill and died , and will it be believed , that the report was circulated—in fact , I understand it was stated at the inquest—that the
boy died in consequence of the damp of the house at O'Connorvilie . Now only think of thft extent to which the opposing classes will carry their vengeance against this Flan ; a sickly sweet boy comes to me in a delicate state of health from the manufacturing district ; with me he becomes vigorous and healthy ; he goes back to the CHARNEL HOUSE and dies , and then the Land Plan is his murderer . There is not in England a more healthy spot than Herringsgats ; but now you , see what malice will do ,
[ The latter part of this statement was not made to the Conference , because I was not aware of the f act at . the time . ] . . " Mr O'Connor ; Now if there's any—the most whimsical—charge to be brought against me , for mind father all , I am now prepared to meet it , and this Conference shall not separate with my consent while one single . complaint is unexplained .... Mr Sutton , from Manchester , said , that he represented a large district , and ^ that , of course ,
representations would , give rise to inquiry . . That he was directed by his constituents to support the appointment of a practical builder , and a practical agriculturist in the directory . And there were jeveral rumours about Manchester—one was . ' that at the time Government pisw # the ^ ggtna ; Bill ) and when those emp ' oyed at Snig ' s Enifwantedaome alteration , Mr . O'Connor enacted a Gagging Bill there . ' , He was bound to his constituents , to make these representations and he bad now performed his ditty .. ¦;
; Mr O'Connor , —As to the practical agriculturist and builder being appointed of tto Directory ; a man did not become an agriculturist at dniSef ¦ j he was instructing Mr Doyle in the operations , and be was one of the Directors . The place for the . other Directors , was in the office attending to the accounts , and never to leave it . He had a practical builder , and if he was a Director , he should be under his Mr . O'Connor ' s controul , as he would not be answerable for the whims of any man . ' And now as to the ' Gagging BUV
' At the time of the French Revolution , a Mr Sidaway , a blacksmith , who was going to assume the power of Dictator , and a fe * others , called meetings te -dictate terms to me—in fact , to take the mastery out of my bands . I sent them word , that if they had any complaint to make which militated against them as trades , that I was prepared to hear it .- In consequence , a deputation of carpenters waitedopon me to appoint a " chalk fine man , " to assign the proper description of timber for bis work . That was just , and I did it ; and then I sent them word , that if they attempted to interfere in the management of the affairs of the Company , that wonld send them every one about their business , as I was perfectly aware that the moment I showed weakness , they would assume despotism . Well , Mr Sidaway was the ringleader . . - The Secretary of the Gloucester Branch of the Charter Association
sent me all his letters , and but very few of the carpenters , indeed , took any part in those proceedings , as I am here to assert and affirm that , from the commencement of tbe works , no carpenter has ever made a complaint to me of any act of injustice . And now f will solve both this " Gagging Bill" and the conspiracy for yon . " A Mr Ryan , one of the carpenters , urged on by Mr Sidaway , and others , went to Manchester and district , and circulated the most ridiculous and lying
reports that ever were heard , but all actually amounting to nothing . This came to my ears , and I in * stautly demanded that a public meeting should be convened in Manchester , and I sent Mr Doyle , Mr Cullingham , builder , and Mr King , bailiff , to attend that meetiig , and to meet every charge . They went , and , in the first instance , both the meeting and the Committee appointed , ' having heard so much from Mr Ryan , were naturally suspicious . The Committee sat , I think , twice , and , I think , for ten or twelve hours—and after the most deliberate con .
sideration of the whole cate , they reported toano . ifner public meeting—called for the purpose—unaDj mously , as Mr Sutton and Mr Donovan are awarethat not one of the charges was sustained , and that . they were frivolous and vexatious—and Mr Sidaway having written one version of the case to Ryan , and a completely different version to the Chairman , it was recommended that Mr Sidaway should be -discharged , and Mr Sidaway was instantl y discharged . And -since bis discharge , the basest acts ever committedby mortal have come to light . ' He interfered in every one ' s business , and could not do his own . And now , with regard to Mr Ryan , the complainant , I will < how you the spring of ; his spleen . He was no carpenter , and his work was so inefficiently
done , that Mr Cullingham stopped £ 115 s . from his contract upon a house , and paid another carpenter for repairing his botched work . Now , that man was not very likely , to be friendly to such strict management . What he stated was within the knowledge of Mr Sutton and Mr Donovan , both of whom attended the meeting , and heard the report . Now , then , are there any more complaints ? as this Conference will see that hearing them is no waste of time . And I have only to add , that I hope the day is not far distant when—with the single exception of Mr Ryan—I shall have the pleasure aad delight of seeing every carpenter , builder , and labourer , at work again . And I think that is the best proof of the harmony that has subsisted . ( Hear , hear , )
The Balance Sheet for the last quarter was then taken into consideration ; and , after very proper explanations being demanded of a few trifling items , it was accepted unanimously . One item was the sum of 2 s . 3 d . for omnibus fare , for two clerks , to two localities , to arrange some dispute between the secretaries and members of the districts . Another item of £ 7 odd , for Directors' travelling expenses to Bromsgrove , Snig ' s End , and back , and to London , was accounted for thus : —The Committee of the House of Commons directed Mr Grey , tbe accountant , to go to Bromsgrove , and inspect all the books , and that the Directors should meet him there .
They came with the . books to Bromsgrove—bad to go from Bromsgrove to Snig ' s End for more books —come back , and return to London—and the amount of travelling expenses was low . The next wtfl £ 6 , for expenses of Directors to Snig ' s End and back , which was consequent upon the necessity of the Directors being present with their books , when the allottees were located , to point out who had transferred , and who had reeeive d any portion of Aid Money before location . It was supposed to be for the demonstration upon opening the estate , but Mr O'Connor explained that he refused his consent to vote a farthing of the funds for a demonstration at Heningsgate , or any other place , and that he had that morning received a letter from a solicitor , stating that if the sum of £ 6 , due to a band that attended the demonstration at SmVsEnd , '
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was not paid , that Mr ' Cullingham would be sued for it . ' ' "• • ¦ ' ' " ¦ - ' : ¦ " •*" - ¦ -:. ¦ ' - •; - * -- '• ¦ . MrCnllingham . — It was the trades at Snig ' s End that ordered it , and -they undertook topay for it . The next item that was questioned in the balance sheet , was £ 36 for Directors' travelling expenses , and which Mr O'Connor explained thus : —Unwilling to violate the rules , laid down by the Committee of the House of Commons , he apprehended that it would be illegal to call a Conference to represent an illegal body , and therefore , the most effectual mode was taken of consulting the members personally upon the proposed alterations . Messrs M'Grath and Clark made a tour for several ' weeks
for that purpose ' through Scotland , the north of England , and part of the Midland Counties , when he ( Mr O'Connor ) was given to understand that it would not be illegal to hold a Conference for the purpose of legalising the Company ; he then , together with the Directors in London , decided upon recalling Messrs M'Grath and Clark , and although the Conference was held , he considered that that money was well and profitably spent , and he , for one , was astonished at the smallness of the amount . He had left Birmingham for Aberdeen , on Thursday -week—he returned on the following Sunday week ; and his expenses for the eleven days amounted to £ 32 12 s , and it was the only expenditure of any of Ma tours that he had kept an account of .
; Mr Kydd then asked , how it happened that the amount of clerks was so . much larger than that under Mr Wheeler ' s management ? and Mr Bentley , the delegate for Huddersfield , said , that he had written several letters to Mr Clark , since he had . became corresponding secretary , and that he had not received answers as punctually , as he had from Mr Wheeler . : Mr O'Connor replied , that nothing could be more easy than to answer Mr Kydd ' s question and Mr Bentley ' s question . Mr Clark should answer for himself . The necessity for more clerks , arose from two circumstances : " The first was , that one man could not do two men s work . .
; " The second was , the enormous increase of business consequent upon the unavoidable absence of the Directors , attending to the deed of registration through the country . , But the main cause was this . Immediately after the resignation of Mr Wheeler , the Lowbands Conference decided that the Company should close at the end of the year , and the consequence was , that the number of members joining nearly doubled ^ within that period , and the Management required more hands in the office . But as he was not willing to allow any charge to rest upon the shoulders of the Directors , to which , if wrong , he was liable , he begged to state that as soon as the business slackened , and funds came in
slowly , the directors'did discharge four clerks ; and when he ( Mr O'Connor ) heard it , believing that their . department also was fa branch of the Labour Question—knowing that they had 'been . instructed in the office business , and feeling ' convinced that their practised service . would be required ags'n , when slander and misrepresentation were stifled , he ( Mr O'Connor ) told the Directors not to dismiss those clerks , as he would rather pay them their wages out of his own pocket ; if the Conference objected to the course . ( Hear , hear . ) He had answered every question , there were no complaints ; and he would sow . ask , if such a balance sheet , without 2 s 3 d , and other small items , being put under the lumping head
SUNDRIES , was ever presented to a Company ? It was unlike other companies . Last week he read an -account , in the Times ^ newspaper , of a Board of Railway Directors who were their own auditors . ( Lauguter . ) What would they think if he , as trea . surer , presented a balance ' sheet to that Conference , with' 'Audited ' krid found correct ; Peargus O'Connor / ' at the bo . ttqra . of it ? ( Laughter . ) Why , in fact , while eveiyj other company in England was now indisputably proved to be cheating , juggling , deceiving , ' and robbing its members , the National 'Land Company was the only company in the Kingdom tnaf could show a pennyworth of property for every penny expended . But here Was the difference—the juggle was forthe rich , and the Land was for the poor . ( Loud ; cheers . )
Mr Clark said : In answer to Mr Bentley ' s question , I have only to refer to ; the enormous . increase of business in the office . That-of course all letters are not of equal ialltprtance <; Every letter of importance I have answered myself ; those of minor consideration I have referred to _ the Clerks , when it was impossible for me t ^ MJ || ar : al ] , 'and I have given them the gist of the answeif ii ^ V ' .. ' . ' The Balance Sheet to th ^ tb . of September was then unanimously accepted , * ad ; tlie present Board of Directors were unanimoualyM-elected . The 12 th of May was the day named for the future location of members ; and , in justice to the delegates and the Chairman , I must say that a more creditable , a more shrewd , a more dignified representation of Labour and the Land Company could not be selected . ' ., "' . ''
The Chairman upon such occasions is a most important personage . With : him rests the discipline anddecorum . A bad : Chairman will be sure to waste time , and' make . a / bad Conference ; but Mr James Sweet ; econbrrjised ^ time , exacted rigid discipline , and gave the most unqualified satisfaction , while every question submitted to the consideration of the delegates was argued with an amount of prudence , discretion , and tact which did honour to the
working classes . The , only signification of dissent or approval of the . numerous party , of visitors was , -when , according to my pled ge to the Committee Ot the House of Commons , the question was put from the chair , whether the affairs of the Land Company ehould or should not be wound up , when every hand in the Conference , and every hand in the room , was held , up against the Company being ' wound up , and which was followed by clapping , of ' hands and enthufiiastic cheering .
I have so far given you a critical report of the proceedings which were confined to question , and answer , I have shown , you the source from which every complaint has come , I have given you the answers to those complaints in the Conference ; and now I will sum up in i few words of observation . Suppose a Free Trader built cottages out of his own capital , and suppose he gave to those occupying four acres of land , a cottage , and that land at four percent , upon the outlay ; and suppose tbey came to him without a fraction , and that he advanced them JS § 0 or « £ 10 byway of capital j suppose he gave them seed wheat , and an incredible amount of tbe very best manure ; suppose that he never put spade
or plough in the ground , or one particle of seed ; suppose he made no roads , bnt allowed them to scramble over . hedges ; suppose he gave them no fire-wuod ; and suppose that he allowed them house rent free from May to November twelvemonth ( eighteen months ); and suppose that they hold the land rent-free for that time ; in fact , suppose that they had all ; from an individual landlord , and never paid a farthing , what would be ' the character of that landlord ? And what would be the fate oi the growler that eharged him with injustice before the
public , or the scribbler , that charged him with injustice in the Press ? Ah ! my friends , the Press would not be open to such a tribe , while column after column would be spent in laudation of tbe philanthropic Free Trader . But the best answer to every grumbler 1 is this— "Can you not get more than . S > 2-12 s . for „ your allotment ?"—for observe , that it Ms those who , have got them that are the grumblers— " Can you . not get more than 4 > 318 s . for your three acres , or £ 5 4 s . for your four acres Vf
Now that w the answer , wholly apart from Aid Money , LbanMoney , andagriculturaIoperations . Andj my friends , I tell you now , that I have to contend » ot against the casual circumstances by which man is surrounded ,- but against NATURAL INSTINCT j which is not an evil , but tbe greatest advantage , under proper discipline , by which its dangers may be remedied . That natural instinct is SELF INTEREST , and in proof of which I assert , without fear of
contradiction , that if our Land Company consisted of one hundred thousand members , and that if one thousand of the most-fortunate were located , that that one thousand , without the slightest reference to , or consideration for the remaining ninety-nine thousand by whose aid they were located , would stoutly contend for their claim to the whole ; and upon , their selfinterest ,-their selfishness and misrepresentation , the validity , the practicabilit y , and : the value Of the Plan'would be judged ,
It is not an easy matter to reply to the exciting representations as to the state of destitution of this man , or that man , or the other man . They tsll upon the feelings , though they are based upon falsehood ; they enlist the sympathies of the kind-hearted ignorant , and they furnish . the enemy with the means of attack . But if one man succeeds , bis success is the conviction of the idles and what I now assert , and I defy contradiction , is this , that a four-acre allotment on any single one ol the Company ' s estates is richly worth a bonus of £ 400 . 5 and I cohtehd for it , that in the reJ » U market any one . of thein . - • ¦ .- ' : ¦¦ ff-ii' - ; •" ' ¦ ¦ . > liO-- \
Mughjng Ham. He Was Present, And Could A...
would fetch that amount over and above the origina cost ; provided it was a landlord-questionya manu - facturer ' s question , but not a Labour question *—tha * ia , that it landlord would get tenants for as many cottages as he could build , and four acres of land ' , at the yearly rent of £ 28 , that is tae ' intefest upon £ 700 , -while the allotment would only cost £ 300 . And I further assert , that during his life he would not have one defaulter upon asingle allotment I have made my reply to the several charges brought against the Plan and against the buildings .
I invited the delegates to come to Bromsgrove and judge for themselves . ' A great number did visit that estate . I saw four of them myself , after tbey had minutely inspected every house . I saw the , delegates for the Norwich district , for the Bolton district , for the Rochdale district , and for the Blackburn district , and they will tell you , as they told me ; that they were never so much astonished or delighted in their lives . that they could not have believed it from the several false representations that had been made .
And now , I tell you what I say with regard to those representations and those cottages . There never were built ' in . England by a builder for himself ; or for an employer who intended to lease them , cottages equal to those of the Land Company , both as to material , work , and finish . And now , when we speak of bonus for an allotment , let it always be borne in mind , that no individual on bis own account , will build the same house on the retail plan for within £ 40 of what I build it on the wholesale plan ..
Now , 111 just give you a single item . The bricks that I have used at Bromsgrove I pay 25 s for , not counting carriage , because I burn them wholesalethe same bricks in the neighbourhood wou ! d have cost me 32 s , and the carriage would have cost me 5 s more than they do on the spot— that is a saving of 12 s a thousand , or £ 7 4 s upon a house in that one material I alone : and if I bought timber , slates , ironmongery , lime , and sand , retail , and paid retail labour , the house would cost me above £ 40 more than it does upon the wholesale principle . And new , when it serves the purpose of Free Trade ' speculators in votes to . eulogise the wholesale plan , let me give you the following specimen from last week ' s Nottingham Review , which is placed immediately under a paragraph headed
THE O'CONNOR LAND SCHEME . Now here is the paragraph from the 'Review , with its very fascinating figurehead j—Fbeehomjs ahd Votes fob Wojkiko Wbn . —The Bir « mtngham Freebold Land Society is paving ; the way for an extensive and vigorous attack upon the monopolists of the counties . It has fcoen in existence thirteen months , numbers 267 members , holding 1 , 438 shares . 125 allotments have been made to the membsrs at a cost of a sum averaging £ 19 each allotment , containing seven yards front and fifty yards deep of eligiblebnildingland . Each of the allottees is qualified as a county voter ; the annual value of their plots of land being placed beyend doubt , some having already let off on a bu ? 'ding lease of ninety . nine years , for 60 s . per annum . The leading features of this society are to buy building land at' the wholesale price , and retail it to the members , at tha same price . The difference existing between wholesale
and retail prices of land is almost incredible , and requires some facts to convince parlies unacquainted with them to believe it . Land which was asked and worth 3 s . ia . per yard retail , has been purchased nholesale at is . Id . per yard . Had the allottees individually made their own purchases , each eHotment , instead of avc ragin k £ 19 , would have been about £ 67 . The whole of the fit ' ty . two counties may be , before the nest septennial election , by tbe means of Freehold Land Societies , placed in the hands of civil , religious , and commercial freedom Now what docs the reader think of that ? £ 19 capital bringing in £ 2 10 s . a year rent ; Which upon £ 100 would be £ 12 15 s a year interest , while . not a four-acre allotment of ours will reach that rent . Now by the same standard of reckoning the' rent of our allotment , that cost £ 300 , should let for £ 38 5 s . a year . Oh ; but then the one is for tbe p ig , commissariat , and the larder , and the other is for CIVIL
RELIGIOUS , AND COMMERCIAL FREEDOM ; Can any of these civil , religious , and commercial freemen , ; again abuse onr plan ? Yes : because in the one case the voter would be a slave , having only a house , and depending upon the capitalist for employment ; while in the other case , the voter would be a freeman , because his own employer . ^ friends , " society is how out of joint . For years ;• I . have been writing to you , and telling you that we were near the struggle of the league of people against tbe league of King ' s . It is not a prophecy after the continental revolutions —it was printed . years ago , and has been often repeated ; and what knobstick statesmen are now
trying to do , is to frame a piece of cabinet work out of rude and rough materials , while f tell them that every fragment out of which new society is to be constituted must be TRIED UP before it is put together , or , at all events , before it will harmonise . I tell yon that , whether from revolution or from peaceful change the new system may come , that no power on earth can save Labour or secure Labour ' s triumph , UNTIL IT IS INDIVIDUALISED . I tell you that from a community of happy individuals alone can a sound . state of representative government spring ; and I tell you that no other channel to secure individuality is open but the Land ; and I tell you , that as long as you have not the Land the wages
of the most fortunate will be measured by the destitution of the most miserable , and that the comparatively fortunate are the greatest tyrants to the positively destitute . They measure their position by the destitution of other ' s . The man receiving 25 s . a week scoffs at him who receives but 10 s . ' , the man who receives 10 s ., looks with contempt upon the unwilling pauper—whereas , if they would measure their prospect by the positive , and not by the comparative scale , the anion of all would realise £ 3 a week for each . Arid the clearing of the suiplus population , and their location upon the Land of their birth , would give a spring to every trade in
the country ; while tbe small - farmers would produce better , fresher , cheaper , and a greater abundance of food , than you can get from abroad . But , then , that is not the system by which tyrants achieve patronage , emolument , and wealth They cultivate the national resources by the standard of monopoly , though they adopt Free Trade as their principle . They would rather have the lion ' s share of artificial traffic , with bastiles full of paupers , and an armament - sufficiently l arge to quell the complaints of the starving and the hungry , than have their fair share of the country ' s produce ; without a discontented being in the land .
Again , do not say that I am prophecying , but look to tbe conclusion of my work upon " Small Farms , " written in 1843 , and there you will find that I predicted that our Foreign Colonies must be abandoned , and that they must be made willing instead of compulsory , customers . I foretold what the expenditure would be ; and your inability to bear it . And now , mark the following announcement from the "Globe * newspaper—a Government organ : — Mihtabt Foece ik Ireland . —The augmentation of the constabulary from 22 , 000 to 80 , 000 rank and file wiil suable the Government to withdraw ten regiments from Ireland for colonial and other service , and to concentrate at head-quarters those many detachments now freiuently employed upon duty which is the legitimate province of a police force . It is also intended to attach to the headquarters of the constabulary in each . province a flying park of artilery for field service . *
Now , here , while landlords are unable to meet their engagements—while ' farmers are flying to America—while labourers are . starving , and Poorrates cannot be collected—we are to have an addition of-8 , 000 men to the Irish constabulary , and they are to have a FLYING PARK OF ARTILLERY FOR FIELD SERVICE , in order to spare the lush garrison for colonial service . Now read the following : — INSOLVENCY AMONGST FARMERS . —The DOBLIN GAZSTTE of Tuesday evening contains a list of one hundred and thirty two insolvents for the counties of Donegal , Tyrone , Enniskillen , Queen ' s County , Kilkenny , Limerick , Tipperary , Waterford , and Wicklow , of which no less than
seventy-three are set down as farmers . Now , in these days of economy , it is my practice to brirnr you to figures ; This 8 , 000 additional force at 25 J . a week per man , which , including officers , barracks , outfit , flying artillery , and the thousand and one other expenses , isbalow the mark ; but take them at 25 s . a man , and this , without reducing the army by a single man , entails an additional expense uoon the starving people of ten thousand pounds a week , or half a million and twenty thoueandayear . And now mwk the result , that annual amount would nay an interest of four percent , of twelve millions seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds , and if the y aave me that sum to expend In Ireland upon locatin g the poor , there would pot be a soldier , a But then the
policeman , or a poor rate reqmred . SartyTnpftwer would not have bo much PATRON . AGE , and the yoanger children of lords and 'squires would have to workfor their bread . My friends , this is the whole system , and it is diffi . cult for one single silitary individual to stand op axainst it , with all the powers and appliances at its command for tha deatoactionof fta opponents . Working men , ask yourfislves this one question : — " Has Feargus O'Connor , during the eleven yeau ' existenoeofthe'iVbr t / iern S / ar . ' and during nearly two years' existence of the ' labourer , ' rod in his seveial other works and spenhes , ever written a line or spoken a sentence worthy of comment , while the insane productions and twaddle of the enemies of yqor or < Je > « $ Mrohioled and stereotyped , m apo-
Mughjng Ham. He Was Present, And Could A...
thegms ? " Ask yourselves whether , in the recolleetionof , man , any individual of my order has stood by ycu and your order ' amld' persecutions-Blander , - and ~ abuse as I have , and the answer must be-NEVER . Well , then , I was silent for fourteen months , upon the abuse heaped upon me by some of the Land vermin „ rather than be the medium of creating dissension in our ranks . I have had my political triumpb .. through' Scotland ; and my social triunrokfc Birmingham ; : and : as harmony and . jmwn ^ W : | , be the indispensable elements of progresa ^|^^ provement , I now bury the past in . oblif l ^ i ^^^ absolntion and forairerjew to every pwjpms-m ^ vilers , tha only satisfaction I'BhaU £ e ' ek , ' wilI ^ - | ra . confession of their errors . When thV dtfyi orL ** hour ' s triumph , and the national jubilee-shall come ,
—when I see the country decked with happj homes and- profitable- labour fields—when I' { see '" "tha sick father or sick , mother repoing in their own homes , and tended by their own childven—when I see drun-; kenne » s banished . from the land—when I sea Christianity based upon charity , and godwill amongst men—when I see every bastile and barrack turned into Bihools ' fttid colleges , and . when I see a stunted race of half begotten cripplescbanged intoahealtby population , with the blush of life , the step of health , and the resolution of freemen—then , in spite of oppression , denunsiation , and slander , I will look upon , tho glad seefie and exclaim : —• ' This , this is my vork ;" for . in spite of all opposition , lam resclved 4 hat onr Land Plan shall live a glorious life , or only perish after-a determined straggle .
IT IS LABOUR'S ONLY HOPE I Your faithful friend , and unpaid bailiff , Feargus O'Connor . P . S . —I will now show you , in a postscript , tho exact financial position of the Land Company : — £ . Land at Bromsgrove , paid for ... 10 , 500-Forty-one houses , erected at Bromsgrove , and expended on draining agriculture , roads , and grubbing ... 6 , 000 Portable buildings , horses , stock , im- .. . ^ plements , and machinery , now that .. "? *
the Company is to go on ... ... p 3 , t ) 0 O ' Paid deposit on Mathon Estate ... , ' ,. XMQ Land to be sold at Minster Lovel ... ' 1 , 150 Ditto at Lowbands .. ... ... - ^ € 00 Ditto at Snig ' s End ... : 900 Timber paid for , and joiners' work , at the rata of £ 115 a . per bouse , paid on fifty-two houses , at £ 25 a honse ... I . 30 O Tirol x , slates , and joiners' work paid on six'honees , at Minster , at £ 40 a house 2 iO Dae on promissory notes and rents to
1 st November 1848 1 , 000 ' In cash ... ... 1 , 000 Dae by Mr Hairs , solicitor , of Kidderminster ... 509-* £ 28 . 29 a pan C 0 BTBA ; Due to tradesmen , and on all other accounts ... ... , . 1 , 500 Sold at Bromsgrove , house and ten acres 1 , 0001 Ditto , at ditto , eight cores ... ... 500 . £ 3 , 000 . Property available for Company ' s use ... ' 28 , 290 From wbich deduct debts and portion * ~ ' Bold ... ... » ... .... 3 ; 00 b * ' . '¦' . . £ 25 , . 29 PAnd it leaves the sum of £ 25 , 290 of available pro-: perty , or nearly one-third of the amount . of paid-upf capital . Bromsgrove-will locate fifty four-acre ^ cupants , tea three-acre ocsupants , and ten two-acra occupants , and will b ready for location on the 12 th of . May next , if the members perform their duty . ' Now that is thelitoral position of tbe bankrupt Land ? Company , every fraction of which is cash , with the exception ' of the £ 500 due by Mr Hairs , and I am prot : edingfor that , and will recover it . —F , O'C . '
Mr Rioardo, M.P. For Worcester. : And -T...
MR RIOARDO , M . P . FOR WORCESTER . : AND -THE LAND COMPANY . ' ¦ Ton will see that I have had a pretty good week ' * work of it . Next week I shall send an advertisement to the Worcester papers , calling on Mr Ricardo , the member for that town , to meet me in pnblio meeting , at bis own convenience , before which I will chargehim ' with the met mean , dishonourable , dishonest , and ' ungentlemanly conduct , thus giving him an opportunity of defending himcolfpernne'iy ; and , should ha ' ' refuse to appear , I will let him know that a
gentleman , unsupported by faction , holds a higher position , in cociety than a trafficker who may have raised himself in the estimation of society by speculation ; . and I tell that gentleman , that if he supposes that he ia ' to meddle in my affairs with impunity , he is grossly de- ' csived . And , should he refuse to meet me , I will charge him in his absencs , and never rest till I drive him from his present position into his former ob *' scurity . You will see that I am determined that neither select committees , nor individual triokatezsV shall take liberties with me or miae . " O'CONNOB .
Chartist Forthcoming Meetings. Sunday, N...
CHARTIST FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Sunday , Nov . 12 th . —A West Riding delegate meeting will bs held at Nioholl ' s Temperance Hotel , 16 , Broad Street , Halifax , at ten o ' clock a . m . —A general meeting at the Globs and Friends , Morgan Street , Commercial Road , at half-past seven o ' clock , and adicaassion on the Trades Delegates' Address at half-past eight . —A meeting of the O'Connor Bri . gade , at Mr George Hangh ' s , 15 , Paradico Street , Preston , at six o ' clock . —A public meeting at the Crown and Anchor , Cheshire Street , Waterloo Town ,, of memb : rs of the Green Gate , Hackney Road . — Whittington and Cat , Bethnal Gresn . —Digby Arms , and Globe and Friends Lccalities , for the purpose of establishing a Chartist Hall for the Tower Hamlets .
at eight o clock . —An adjourned meeting of shareholder will be held at the South London Chartist Hall , at three o ' clock , and Mr Southwell will lecture in tlw above hall at seven o ' clock—A meeting of Chartist and Land Members at the Branch Office , back of the Three Horse-shoes , Merlhyr Tydvil , at six o deck . —Mr . Joseph Bowker will deliver two lectures in the Chartist room , High Street , Has . Imgden . —Mr Dickenson will lecture in Mr Judo ' s long room , Newoastle-on-Tyne , at seven o ' clock . — The council and membra will meet at the Seven Stars , Barker Gate , Nottingham ; at two o ' clock . — Mr James Leach willkatnre in the People ' s Institute , Manchester , at six o ' clock ; , and a members ' mcating wiil beheld at two o ' clc ik A special memhere' meeting at the Temperance Hotel , Blanket Row , . Hull , at seven o ' clock .
Moiw ) ay , November 13 th . —A Ball and Concert foe the Defence Fund , in the rcom , Stanley Street , Macclesfield , at half-past seven o ' clock . Tusbday , Nov . 14 th . —A ball in ( he large schco room , Circus Street , Marylebone . —A public meeting in the upper room , New Hall , Newland , Northamp . ton , at eight o ' clock . Wednesday , Nov . 15 th . —A meatingafc the Walters Arms , Church . street , Deptford . SnsDAv , Nov . 19 th . —A district delegate meeting will be held at B . Browleys , New Street , Batley near Dewsbary , at two o ' clock , when Mr Bentley ' will report the prcjeedingsef the Conference .
Forthcoming Land Meetings. To Hear The R...
FORTHCOMING LAND MEETINGS . To hear the Reports of Delegates from the Conference . Saturday , Nov . 11 th . —A meeting will bo held at John Hunter ' s public house , Easington Lane , at seven o ' clock . —At Ibason ' s Temperance Honse , Buxton Road , Hudderatield , at seven o ' clock pre * oisely . Sunday , Nov . 12 th .-A meeting win beheld ab the Seven Stars ,-Barker Gate , Nottingham , at six o deck .-At Charles Brook ' s , Little Town , at tea o clock , a . m—A monthly meeting , in the People ' s Institute , Manchester , at nine o ' clock . —At the As * gembly Rooms , Dsan Street , Soho , Westminster , at half-past seven o ' clock . Monday , Nov . 13 th . —In the long room , Cook Inni Head of the Side , Newcastle-on-Tyne , at eight o ' clock . -At the Butchers' Arms Inn , Banbury , at eight e'clook . °
Tuesday , Nov . 14 tb .-Whittington and Cat mem . bars , at eight o clock . Wbdne ) day , Nov , ' 15 . r-In the upper room , New Hall , Newland , Northampton , at eight o ' clock . —In Mr Mossley ' s large n : ra , Sheffield at seven o ' efeefc . x MopAr , Nov . 20 th—A meeting will be held a * the Wheatsheaf Inn , Loughborough . ¥ Sunday , Nov . 19 . —In Mr Norton's Commercial Coffee-house , Baok . Lane , Blackburn , at two o ' clock
LAND MEETINGS . Sunday , Nov 12 ,-At Hudson ' s Academy , 15 . 5 , Cress Street , Hattou Garden , at seven o ' clock , —in h Butterworth ' s Buildings , Bradford , at one o ' clock , k . Monday , Nov 13 .-In Mr Frankland ' s room ; o ; Pvostcn , in the evening . r-At No . 5 , GalhWa ft ? ulld A - ??' c ? ath e , 8 ht o ' clcok—At the Falcon on Inn , Mill Strest , Kidderminster , at seven o ' clock — — ^ l STp ? r &' , Vwtin ¦* eight M o'elMk-InthePnnce of Wales Ledge-roomj Old lid Malt Shovel , North Church Side , HalUtti'B ? E Soholev ' s , Midgate , Peterborough , at eight o ' clock . ' ik .
A Fat Pauper.—A Woman, Who: Has Been An ...
A Fat Pauper . —A woman , who : has been an in . In . habitant of the workhouse at Yarmouth for three ) reel years died on Tuesday last . Her size was enori' wi * mous and her disease supposed to ' be dropsy . A , \ post mortem examiaation wes made , the result of of which proved that a superabundance of fat around ! met the heart and other parts of the frame was the irnme- nehiate cause of death , as it bad increased to web . an an extents to produce suffocfttiQiu : : . ^; , ; i «; n . ¦• ¦ '• ¦ ¦ - ^ fc # tc #£ ¦ ¦ .. -. \ m $ & . ... V it- V tt .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 11, 1848, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_11111848/page/5/
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