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r g THE NORTHERN STAR. AucmsTja, 1848.
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Smpenai fraruatmht
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MONDAY, August 7. HOUSE OF LORDS.—Oa tbe...
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BanlU'tipts.
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(Fromthe tfatetleof Tuesday, Augusts.) B...
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The Whigs. —There is a certain class of ...
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BIRTH, On Saturday last, August 5th, was...
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Pr.atoaby DOUGA.L Jt'GOWAN, of 164 Greft WiuttrauV street, Haymarket, in tho City of Wustmi iter, at the
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Oilice . in the same Street anuransa, lo...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The French Republic. State Of Paris. (Fr...
them they returned into the country and commenced the work of destruction . Upwards of one hundred nesroes have been shot , seven have been condemned , and two have been shot at tha Fort fate . The prinoipal ringleader is at large with aaumbsr of his followers . A provisi onal government has been ap pointed , but the prosperi ty of the island is . rretrievab stEu 5 tatia there had been a revolt of the nf . greet , in repressing whisSi several were wonnded The ringleaders were taken and placed on beard the Da ^ ch man-of-war Py ! . bound to Curacoa , where they wo . ld be tried . It was also stated that four negroes were killed during the insureotion at St Eustatia .
R G The Northern Star. Aucmstja, 1848.
r g THE NORTHERN STAR . AucmsTja , 1848 .
Smpenai Fraruatmht
Smpenai fraruatmht
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
MONDAY , August 7 . HOUSE OF LORDS . —Oa tbe motion of tbe Marquis of CuvtiuiBi , the Keprodueiire Loan Fund Institution ( Ir ^' . ascJ ) Bill was read a tecond time . Or the motion of Lord Mokteagls , the Juvenile Offenders ( Ireland ) BUI was read a second tidic , The Hum Duties Bill was reid a secmd time . The other bills were advanced a sta ? e , and their lordships adjournal . HOUSE OF COMMONS —The Losn Advocate , la a speech of details , in proof of the in fficiency cf the existine law with regard to tha registration of births , < Ssc , in Sc-itlfind , ana to that of marri & go in that country , which he esnsldarad a public reproach , moved the second reading of bills having for their object to place these subjects on a more satisfactory bails .
A jomewbat hostile debate c-neusd , in the coarse of which the postponement of the measures until nert essioa wai strongly nr ^ ed , more than ens h ^ n . member moving that they be read a seconi time that day three months , others suggesting the propristv of fiffirniiu £ tat principles of tha messare by reading them a second time , and the then postponement of them , ia order that the people ot Scotland might have an opportunity of considerins tka suggested enactments and the a * sendmeats , ot which notice already had been given , in the interval between this and ths ensuin ? sesslen . At length the motions for delay were withdrawn , and the billi were read a second tuns , the Lard Adrocate taking till Fiiday to consider whether ha would press the hill tarther this session or not . At & quarter past three tha sitting was suspended till £ vs «
On resuming , Mr LiaoncaraE , ia answer to Mr Hohe i stated that it was not the intention of the government to institute any further Vicvairj into the management of tha Merchant Seamen ' s Fnaa until the bill for altering tho navigation laws had been passed . DessstiOM of 3 eases * . t Qbebec—Aid in answer to a question from Jlr Moksell , the right hoa . gentlemsn stated that tha Eirl of Elg in & ni the merchants of Quehec were engaged in devisin ? means for patting a stop to tha desertion of merchant seamen at that port . SoaiB Ddiies . —Lord J . Russell , in reply to a qus . tion from Lord 6 . Beniisck , saliit was not his intention to bring on tha Sugar Duties to-n ' ght , bnt he weald give the noble lord timely notice of his intention to doe %
Coko tbciu Distress . —Mr Hiekies asked the noble lord whether he could find a day for discussing the report of ths committee on conmercial distress , ai the house would not stsnd t =-ell with the country unless some discussion was had before they prorogued , and that wish a view to pledge themselves early next session to bring forward some remedial measures . Lord Jobk RB 85 EIL suggested Tuesday as tha only day » pen to the right honourable gtntlemaa for such a diicnssion . Emioiitios Lord J . Ecssell , in answer to Lord Aisle * , said that ths government wonld be happy to usist in spreading information as to emigration , bnt that government could grant no funis for this purpose . Lord G . Bestisck asked when the half million loan to the West Indians for labour emigration would be pro-PMpq by tha government . Lord J . Russell rsplied after the Sugar Duties BUI wis passed .
Bosrsrsa of the House . —Lnrd J . UcsSELL gave notioi that he should aire xha suspension of the order affecting Wednesdays sittings , and propose that during the rams na \ r of tfce sessloa , the house should , oa Wednesdays , sit from twalre to thrae , to take the ordsrg of tha day , and from fire o ' clock during the remainder of the evening to go into committee of supply . Aussieik Postage , — Lird Palhesston , in answer to Mr Ciidwem ., iaid that ha could not lay eu the tabtothe correspondence relating to the American postal tarin , os negotiations were still peadine ; . Mr P . Howabo bfgged to ask her Hsjssty ' s Secretary ^ Sr Forei gn Afiuirs whether it was the intention of her Majesty ' s government , cither siagly or in concert wi ; b her allies , to mediate betfreen Sardinia and Austria , for the Birificition tf the north of Itilj !
LmIPjltju ' . b . & tov auuied th . ab . ouss that her Uajasty ' i government was deeply sensible ef the Importance of puttieg an end to tbe war in tha north of Italy , and he was happy to be able to say tha ? this sentiment was shared by ths goveinsunt of Prince . Ths result oi which was that in concert with Franca ministers were taking steps ia order by amicable negotiations to bring that war to a termination , tHear . ) , - Public Health Bui ., — Lord Mobpeth move 3 that tha house resolve itself into s committee to consider the Lords * amendments oa dense 8 , and said ha ail not mem to propose to disagree to tbe amendment mode by the lards on the clause at the instance cf a most reverend prelate , but ho proposed to add en amendment to the lords' amendment , to the effect that when mortality should" exceed the rate of twsaty-three iu 1 , 60 ? in any
locality , the Board of Health should have power to send down inspectors without any petition from one-tenth of the inhabitants . He considered this the more necessary in consequence of the certain approach of the cholera . On this subject he did not wish to excite any usdae alarm , bat he felt fie should mot act a fair er friendly part eithar to the house or the pablio If he was to conceal the fact , that it had been ascertained that the cholera was advancing in precisely the same track which It had pursued in 1832 , and that its approach had been heralded as it was in the last visitation by tha same precursori—tha iuSaenza and dterrhcea , He regretted to ststs that it did not come in a softened degree , and therefore he thought it necessary te state a few facts WidfWtUu . tara which had been received from British ministers aad consuls abroad . He found from a return
rsceived from St Petersburg up to the latest date , that In that city there had been 17 , 090 cases of cholera . Of these there had heen 10 , 138 deaths , and 4 , 618 cases of rare ; so that the propsrtion of deaths from that malady at St Pitersbms had been in the proportion of fifty , seven ia every 109 , while the cures were enly twenty-six in every 199 . At Moscow there had been 9 , 457 css-: s . of which there were 4 , 309 deaths . It was further stated that at Odessa , the ether extremity of Hassle , there had been 133 esses , of which forty-four ended in death , and only thirty-three had recsverea . Ia varieus parts of Bessarabia the cholera was advancing rapidly , and la Fontsrafcia , Bucharest , and other places , the greatest alarm prevailed . At 60 s , during the last w aek the cholera has inereisafl , though the mortality ha motbsen greit bnt in a village distant about one boar ' s ride from
tha' - city , nearly the whole population had pen jhed . At Jessy tha deaths had been at the rate of 100 o 130 lv day , and the consul stated that the malady appeared tobe of quite a novel character , being so rao'dl y destructive that the victims were carried eff in t ro er three hour * . This was attributed to the extrerr a heat of the season , asd H was aided that ell the tribunals and schools were closed ; acd , to increase the misery of the p-spotetion , an enormous swarm of locusts had appaared ia all directions . In the neighbourhood adjoining to Jassy the cholera was raging with great violence . At Bslgrava it was prevalent ; and a ssarm of caterpillars , such as never before had been seen , hsd sppiared in the vallsys , and destroyed every plant—the roads were literally black with them , and with their presence the cholera raged . It was subsequently stated from Belgrade that
the malady raged m a . most dreadful form , and tho coaeu . statei ha had not heard of a singk csso of recovery . The la ; t extract to which ha should call attentlsa was from Grand Cairo . The consul-general stated tbat there the Asiatic cholera hid appeared in a form of unusual maUsnUy . Hithertoits ravages had been confined to the eltj lUali ; bat what was most melancholy and eitraordioa ,-j * "ta » , that althaughthe suffertrj had received all possible o'd from medical men o ? great erpsrience , and accustome d to treat the disease , not one ca ? e bad been save % ., hut every pitient had died in the course of a very few hours after the first attack . He ( Lord Morptth ) did not suppose that the adoption of this bill , or any of its clauses would ba expected to arrest the approach of this mail . gsnt and mysteriona dlaeasa , which seemed to bs brooding over the whole of Eorepa ; but still all testi .
mony oa the subject went to show that if they could not arrest its progress to prevent the arrival is this oouotry , they still might very materially modify its effects , if not save soma districts altogether from its ravages . Ho had with him a ** ery able veluma of tho British asd FoiEiax SiBtcit , act CaacssicaL Review , contain in ? aa article which showed that in any country it was possible to foretell tha locality in which the cholera would appear , and tha class of people who would ba affaottd by it . The locality would be where the air *** £ . 3 damp frem exhalation , from rivers and mershy grounds , or where vegetable and animal matt e r was , by negl"ct , allowed to accumulate , and the c ' . as * ot pwple who would most teverely suffer would be
thoia espoisd to these naxioas influences . In fact during tha last visltstian of the malignant disease it vagal most severely io M & achester and other large towns in the vicinity of the wat ^ r-ceunes , aad in districts whteb were notoriously in a bad sanitary condition . 1 i ? se were the localities which invited aad wooed the tppro » c * a of the cholera , and the class which had been decitniuted . by iu ravages were the poorer cI & ssm , thus erased , to the atticks of tfeis most malignant and mys terious disease . On thesa grounds ha felt just . Sod in ctfUog npoa the oaramittee to adopt this amendment , convinced * that in miking the prop Miiion he had done whit in Wu * - 165 to prevent the extent of this most dreadful pastilenoe . ( Hear , hear . )
A considerable portion of tho evening was spent in diicu-sing the Lords' amendments . Several of the amendments werj agreed to , and some ethersdieseeted from ; and it was determines to ask a eanfar » nce with the Lords on the points upon which the two house * differed . TtXiTtoa . —Oa tha motion that tha house re « oive U-• tf ia to a Coaaittet of Suj » Iji
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
> Mr Swabt rose to mors that it is expedient there be a revision of oar present system ot taxation ; especially Kith a view to extend the commerce of ths country and to Increase the employments and comforts of the people . ' The time had now come when it became necessary to consider the taxation ot th 9 country with a view to It ) revision , and he begged to guard himself la the outset from being supposed to advoe & te any vast or sudden change from tha ejstem of Indirect to that of direct taxatioa . The present system of taXatlen was a complete maze and labyrinth , and the Chancellor of the Erchequer could confer no greater benefit on tho country than by reducing to order the present undigested mass . They ought te do something to convince the people of t ! . is country that they appreciated the patience with wo ch tkey endured the ' r privation ! . No psople could b ^ mow deserting of attention at tho hands of the gd .
vernment . In consequence of tho events on the continent tho value of the exports from this country had fallen off two or threw millions . They could only make up for this loss oy extending their trade wllh Chtno end America . The first thing , therefare , they should do would be to redate the tea duties , aad as soon as possible the tobicco duty . The system of Indirect taxation principally aff cted the poorer classes . They were also the greatest euffsrera from the adulteration of articles on which hish duties ware placed . These considerations should havo weight with the gorerament and the hoaae , Bat the principal consideration was that these duties tended to limit the extension of their commerce , and , therefore , the employment of the " people . The psople were beginning to complain loudly of these duties . At Liverpool and Manchester associations had been fanned ,
for tha purpose of pointing out to _ the government and to the country the most practicable and beneficial m « des of redistributing the taxation of ths empire , and In especial of relieving commerce from the burdens with which it was oppressed so InJnriouBly , not only to the trading classes but to the whole community . The duties upon tea r ( quired thorough rcrkion . Tea wsa an article which , from being merely a luiury of the rich , had become a necessary of the poor , and were tha datiee upon it placed on a proper footing , thera would scarcely be a limit to the consumption of the article—a result which , while practicably most productive to the revenue , would create an immense increase in our trade with China , and thereby a vast addition to tbe employment of tbe poor . With a duty of Is . on tea , he had no doubt that England would become the great depot of tea for the whola
western world . The duties ou tobacco , also , required lm . mediate and thorough revision . This was a tax which fell very hardly upon the poorsr classes , with whom tobacco was a necessary cf life . There eould be no doubt that a proper reduction of the duties on tobacco would materially augment the revenue , far ftt present , the excessive amount of the tax so encouraged fraud of every description in the conduct of tha trade , that the far greater proportion of t ' e article sold as tobacco , was either smuggled altogether , or ao extensively adulterated , as to produce , in comparison with the consumption of tho eummoJity , a very inadequate revenue . A simplification of thsee and similar duties would enable the governraest to make larger reductions in the cost of our cus . toms department , and almost to dispense ultimately with our coast guard , a service alone costing the country
nearly £ 100 , 000 per annum . The course upon which the right ton . baronet the member for Tamworth had entered , in tbe abolition or redaction of duties , had bean attended with such beneficial effects to the country , In every respect , that ho was only surprised that the presant aovernment had not more determinedly followed In his footsteps . There was the article of soap ! It was generally admitted that cleanliness was something beyon" 9 m re comfort , tbat it was an abtolute virtue , a circumstance estential to the public health , but the excise duty on the article , while it interfered most injuriously with trade , effectually precluded the dueprac ttce of this virtue . Ha considarod that it would be an excellent thing lo abolish altogether tha duty on soap Another excise duty which he would fain sweep away ' was the duty on paper , a duty materially impeding the
progress ef education , and consequently the progress of social happiness and well-being , and at tbe same time yreatly cramping a branch of commerce which might otherwise be largely extended . He objected , farther , to tha duty on bricks as Interfering more especially with the comfort of the people . There were other tares in relation to which commutation might be adopted — the window tax , for instance . There was the duty " on fire insurances , again ; if this duty were reduced one-half , thera rfould be at least thrice the amount of revenue derived from it . The duty on advertisements was one which might be redaced with infinite advantage to the revenue , as well as to the community . In the United States , where the aavertisunent duty was on a proper footing , the number of advertisement * which paid duty to the scats . ws « 10 millions to 700 , 000 in England . Tho
stamp duties needed close revision , for at present , while ou a basis least calculated to benefit tbe state , they operated most injari- usly upon tha poorer classes of the community . Mr Stewart , in bis able essay on the ' Facilitation of the Transfer of Landed Property , ' had painted out In a moat lucid manner tho Impediment placed by the unequal imposition of these duties on the proper circulation ot land . As to the legacy and probate duties , the interest of thv ftate and of the commnnlty would be bsstcmsaltad by abnlishlng them altogether , and placing on them duty applicable to the ao . qaisltlon ! sy bequest of every d ^ cr '^ p-lon of property , landed as well as personal , lit Huik-sson had emphatically urged the com-iutatlon of our taxation , and the
transference of the main burden from commerce to property . Ia this view , Mr P . Thompmn , Sir H . Parnell Lord Altborpe , and many other able politicians had ful'y concurred , and the right hon . member for Tarn , worth had practically admitted his adherence to the p rinciple sf the income tax . One great benefit from the system of direct tsxatfon weald bs the enormous economy in collection . Fully two-thirds of the present expenditure under this head would be saved by carrying out tbe views which be advocated . He ached for no wild change . Ha only sought to raise the necessary revenue of the em , plre by mesns less oppressively weighing upon the in . dustry of the country and the happiness of the com . mnnity at large .
The Chakcellok of the Exchequer , said that he agreed for the most part ia the principles enunciated by his hon . f dead , and he had endeavoured to aot upon them as clossly as the circumstances of the country had enabled him . It would be a source of the highest gratification to him to proceed further ia the course suggested by his hon . friend , as tbe finances ef the coaatry should admit of Uli doing so . Ha fully acknowledged the In . ( qualities which so injuriously characterised many features of oar taxation , and he could assure his hon . friend that ha would applj hie best endeavours to their removal , ( Sear , hear , ) After a short dlscusiion , the motion was negatived without a division . Hr Hohe pretested against going into Committee of "Supply at that hour of tie atght on tha Naval Estimates , espsciaUy as tha evidence taken by the cammittee on those estimates had not yet been printed .
This led to some cenversation , which terminated in Lord Jahn Russell ' s assenting to the postponement of the Committee ot Supply till Wednesday . Tha other orders of the day were then disposed of , and the house adjoarned at a quarter to one , TUESDAY AnonsT 8 . HOUSE OP LOHDS . _ A « Mias or Stcizr Lord Starlet , in pursuance of the notice he had given on tha previous evening , asked the Marquis of Lansdewne whether this country had in any way Interfered with t ?<; pect to the form of government that should ba establish ^ by the Sicilians , after their successful revolt , and to the who ba
with res ^ t individual should placed at their head ? It had been said that her Majesty ' s ship Porcupine hadt cea dispatched fram Naples , witk a genleman named Faian , belonging to the British Embassy , for the purpose ot intimating to Sici ' y that England would notrecogniieita independence if 4 republic were established there , but that it would be recognised as a kingdom if tbe son of tbe King ol Sardinia ( tbB Duke ol Genos ) were declared King , He hopsd the government would bs able to giv « a distinct denial to these rumours ; but from the quarters whence he had derired his information , he could scarcely hope that tha noble zsarqils had it inhlspovrer to do so .
The Marquis of LiHsnawHE said the government had no participation , direct or indirect , In the separation of Sicily from Naples . When it became evident that the two countries could not remain uader one government , her Majesty ' * ministers adcistd the Sicilians to eltet & Prince of the Neapolitan lino forthilr Sovereign . This adrice was not accompanied with anything like a threat , or anything that could ba construed into one . Tflo Sicilians declined to act upon the suggestion , and ber Majesty ' s government then advised them to eloct their S jvareign from amongst the royal families of Italy . In the course adopted by the government in reference te Sicily , her Majesty's government had nothing to regret .
Lord Stanley thought , the answer of tho noble marqnis anything bat satii & ctory , The noble marquis had not explained how it was that the Engiieh . government had eo far abandon'd their positioa of neutrality , aa to express their intention of acknowledging a * an independentkinj-dom the rebellious provinces of 0 friendly power , before the insurgents had sufficiently established themselves to justify us acknowledging their indspecdence . A short diacussles followed , after which Lard Staklet withdrew his motion . Sep ? bbs 5 Ioi * or Illegal Societies ( Ieelakd ) 'Bill . — Oa the motion of Lird CoireaHAH , a bill with this title , and having ( as he observed ) , special clauses relating to clubs , wus resd a first time . Public Wor lis ( Ireland ) Bill was read a third time and passed . , the Uble
Their lordships forwarded tha other bills on another stajre snd adjourned . THE HOUSE OF COMMONS met at twelve o ' clock . The Speaker informed tho house that he had just received a letter from the liord-Lieutenant , stating that Mr Smith O'Brien , a member of the house , had been orristed , and was now iu custody on a charge of high treason . The Tcrnpiie Roads ( Ireland ) Bill , the Canada Goverument Bill , and the Militia Ballot Suspension Bill , wero severally read e third time and passed . The reports on the Churches Bill , oa the Preolaaoa . tSous of Pines Court of Common P . eas BUI , and oa the Poor-law Union C hargss Bill were brought up and re celved . The Westminster Improvement BUI waa then read a eecond time . Pooa Law TJhioh Dibtbict Bill . —On tho question i that the bouse shosld so Into cgs-mittee a * tb , t » bill .
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
Sir H . Willooohbt said the bill would lavolve the compulsory education « f tha poorer clastic of this coun . try . It was el jo objectionable a < increasing parochial burden ? , already too heavy , As the law stood children were better educated In workhouses thou the children of the poorer class of mechanics ; $ nd the establishment of districts of fifteen miles radius would have the effect of separating the children from the parents , He decidedly objected to the mode of meeting tha cost of these new establiahments—namely , out of the poor . rate . Hr Bolleb saW the hon . gentleman waa undei some misapprehensions as to the provisions of the bill which he waa glad to have this opportunity of removing . At this period of tho session ho should not have ventured to bring forward any measure which would really increase the pressure of tte poor-rates . It would , In fact diminlsh that burden , by producing a wise and economical expenditure of money . There was nothing whatever iu the bill to compel any increased expenditure . By the aot of 18 it children In woikbousus were taken from their parents and placed under proper care , He had no fear
of their being over-educated ; but the legislature was bound to take care that they received some education , otherwise a constant succession of paupers waa growing up ; for thosa who had none of the attractions or associations of home to deter them from the workhouse were too apt to return there . It was obvious that the expernio of education waa greatly increased by having a schoolmaster and schoolmistress In every workhouse and this bill pr » vided that four unions might be formed into a district , to the school of which the whole of the children in those unions would ho sent , and the commissioiers might form such districts , but they could do nothing more ; the erection of tho school and every ether outlay would have Io be determined on by tho guardians . The act of 1814 had been rendered Inoperative , both in London and in the country , by tho limitations Of the districts in tha country to fifteen miles , and by the limitation ef the cast to ene . fifth of the annual outlay of the union In London . The total number of children in tbe
workhouses was 51 , 237 , of whom not more than ll , OS 0 were with their parents ; so , that , under any circumstances , the evils of separation could not he great . Many unions in Hampshire and Berkshire were prevented from establishing schools by tho limitation he had referred ts . The workhouses wero greatl y overcrowdedan evil of moat serious magnitude ; but , if schools were provid d , the woitrtsuses would bo sufficient for tho adult paupers . But the main ground on which he proposed this bill was the welfare of the children themselves . As the law stood they were placed in wards apart ( torn their parents , who had no control ovtr them . Constant communication between tho children and tho adult paupers was absolutely unavoidable , and nothing could ba more demoralising . The girls , in particular , by tholr intercourse with the women paupers , were exposed to
almostccrtaia corruption . In the union of Penzance , in Cornwall , the least pauperised district south ot the Trent , the average rates were 103 . in the pound ; in the adj lining union of Falmouth , they were 2 s . 8 d „ In th « former union there was no separate establishment for tho children ; and the girls , as soon as they reached the age of sixteen , and were admitted to the women ' s ward , invariably turned out ill , and their history was most deplorable . The Falmouth union had a separate schsel ; and the results to thejuvenlle paupers were most beneficial . Tha parish of Lambeth had also a separate establishment for their pauper children at Norwosd ; and the results had been most favourable . It was
desirable that the pauper children should ratter be taught to do useful work than to speed much of their time in what was usually called book-learning . ( Hear , hear . ) Bat instructions ia useful arts could only be gives where large numbers of children were brought together . At Norwood some were taught gardening , bobio agrloul . tural eccnpations , some tailoring , some shoemaklng , and other useful trades . By enabling unions to combine for this purpose great good would be effected ; and if the limitations were removed the schools would only be established where the expense might properly he incurred ; and the results to the children themselves , in rescuing them from vise , and putting them in poseesaion of useful knowledge , would be most valuable ,
Sir YT . Joiiffe admitting the kindness and benevolence which had dictated this measure , disapproved of the means by which it was proposed to be carried out . A much greater benefit would be the removal of the women ' s wards iu workhouses , which might be iff . 'oted at considerably less expense . Their disorder and insubordination rendered a stricter discipline necessary—they corrupted the children and rendered the old paupers ml . serable ; and all these orlls might he avoided by providing separate wards for the women , some of whom might , with great advantage , be sent to some of our colonies . ( Hear , hear . )
Hr Henlet believed that tho bill dealt with a much larger subject then was generally supposed . The old law only applied to a very limited class of children ; the present bill might be construed to include all . The right hon , gentleman ' s speech was the most perfect condemnation of our workhouse system ; for he admitted that a child could not be placed in a workhouse without being exposed to almost certain contamination end ruin . ( Hear . ) Cases had been cited of successful union schools ; why , then , was not that system carried outthe excellence of which he believed to consist in a small number of children only being confided to one superintendence % He doubted whether in very large schools , each as this bill would authorise , tbe same success would
follow , The Norwood school had been referred to ; but there the children were at no great distance from their friends . Another objection to the bill was , that it madt no provision for tho religious instruction of tho children ; also , that the childri >• would be separated from their parents . It was true tbey were so at present ; but in cases of sickness , the mother , who was at hand , instantly became the nurse of tbe child , What was proposed to bo done with a casml pauper , who entered the work , house with five or six children ? "ffere they suddenly to be separated from their parents , and sent to a . distance of fifteen or twenty miles ? With so large a question it was impossible to d * al satisfactorily in tbe present session ; he hoped therefore tbat the bill would be with , drawn .
Viscount EfiaitJOToit said the expense likely to be in . curved under this hill appeared to excite great alarm ; but were hon . gentlemen opposite aware of the great expense incurred at present in classification , and in the constant alterations required In workhouses far this purpose t Every week plans were sent up from the country lor the approval of the poor-law beard , relating to alterations which might be dispensed with if the children were removed from the worhhouaos , The expense of providing fever wards was also great . It was obvious that , by a combination of unions , the neceisary accommodation for the children mi g ht be provided more cheaply . Allusion had been ma ^ e to the necessity of separate wards for able , bodied women . In many workhouses there were already separate wards for able-bodied women of goed and bad character . An experience 0 ' mony years a » vice-chairmaa of a board of gunrdianSj
led him to the conclusion that ths intercourse , even incidental , between the children and adult paupers was degrading and contaminating . In few of the work . houses had the children any opportunity of acquiring practical instruction or learning household work ; hence the difficulty of obtaining situations for thorn out of the workhouse , an 3 the consequence was tbey soon returned , The evil of contamination waa not one that had arisen under the new law ; it was well knoth that many of tbe workhouses under the old law were schools of vloe and sinks of iniquity , and tbe new law had confessedl y Introduced great improvement . He denied that schools were batter managed where the number of children was small ; their different ages offered obstacles to classification , which was much easier in large schools like those of Norwood , Ltmehouse , or those connected with the hospital at Greenwich .
After some further conversation tho committee was postponed till Thursday , The sitting of the house was suspended at a quarter-past three till fivo o ' clock , when Lard John Bussell moved tha suspension of tbe standing orders with regard to tha Wednesday sittings , with a view to the house , for the remainder of the session , meeting on Wedntadays at twtlve o ' clock , and sitting from that hour till three o ' clock , the sitting to be then suspended till fire , at which hoar tho house should reassemble for the purposa of going into Committee of Supply . Colonel Sibtbobp , amid the general sympathy of the house , stood up for the old and laudable practice of making Wednesday a regu ' ar holyday , nnd proteatrd against the innovation of making It a daj of hard work , b / taklr . g the estimates upon it .
Mr B & OTHEB . TOS observed , that the Wednesday ' s sitting at twelve o ' clock had worked well , and that a great deal of business had bsen got through . He hopid that it was not the Intention of government by this motion to get rid of tho morning sittings on Wednesdays la future sessions , He endeavoured ts show that the preasnt practice was much batter taau the laudable practice afiuded to by Cjlonel Sibthorp . In twelve Wednesdays under that old system , so dear to the old members of the house , tha house had onl y sat thirty . five honrs ¦ in twelve Wednesd-ya under the present system it had eat aevonty-twe houra ; An hoE . membir asked , amid lou 3 cheers , how much prietle & l buatutss had baen performed In that time ? ( Cheers , and cries of 'None !') Mr Bkothsbton admitted that there had been a great deal of talk and very Uttlo work in those seventy-two hours , and he was sorry that members Indulged in such long speeches which retarded public business very much .
Lord Johk Rossebl observed , that his motion had reference only to tfce remainder of the present session . Tha motion waa agreed to . Mr Rafhail then moved for leave to bring In a bill to exempt from the legacy duties all charitable bequests , not to private individuals , hue to public boda-8 . Tho Chanoellox of the Exche « oeb appreciated the motives which had induced the hon . gentleman to submit his motion to the house , but declined assenting to it , for the stereotyped reason of the present state of tho fla ' . nces . Lsave was ultimately given to bring lo the bill , on Ihe distinct understanding that the government did not thereby pledge Itself to its principle .
The Ballot —Mr H . Rerkblki rose to msve , ' That it is expedient in the electioa for members to serve in pirlftmsntthat the votes 0 ! the electors be taken by way of Ballot , ' Ha observed that , after tho able m » nnsr in which the ballot had been advocated by Mr Grote and others , he might perhaps be aceosad of vanity and presumption in meddling with so important a subject , of whioh It might truly be said , iu the language of Cicero wm' TeMh , ttjtKfo ; (( Kites lita-tatij , ' Bat the ballot w « i
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
ono of tbat class of questions which had always succeeded mora by the foros of their own merits than by the ability of their advocates ; and on this ground he trusted Cor the house ' s indulgence for a few moments while he trespassed en their attention . Since the passing ef the Reform Bill , such had been the onward march of public opinion that tbe ballot seemed only a very minor qaeetton , Frem recent concessions made to free trade by the leaders on both sides of the house , he was not without hopes of Boeing them come forward as the advocates of this question . The ballot had been already affirmed by this house in 1810 , but had been rejected by the upper house . Assuming that the merits of the ballot were fully known to the country at large , he would address himself to some of the mora prominent objections . It was said tbat secret voting would be on innovation oa
the present electoral system j that it would not prevent bribery , if it prevented intimidation ; tbat tbe ballot box would not secure secresy ; that it was un-English , and calculated to prod-ico Immorality , lying , and deceit . First , as to its being an innovation , he denied tbat such was lho caso . The franchise was originally uncontrolled ; but persons of influence gradually undertook tho control of the opinions » f those beneath them , and then bribery and corruption crept 1 b . The ballot was a most conservative measure , as tendteg to preteot the UMoobiae , and convert It from a mere nomitito umbra , a mockery , a delusion , Into a real an 3 substantial right . At present , the franchise kept the word of promiea t » tbo oar aud broke it to the hope . Tho arguments by which it was contended that the ballot would cot prevent bribery were very sophistical . Would any one purchase
good 3 _ ' without the certainty that tbey would be delivered ? Look at Great Yarmouth—see the agents there with bowls of sovereigns before them * , the voter entering at ono door , receiving bis bribe , and going out at tbe other door to vote as he was expected to do . But would any one invest a sum of money— -would the Pako of Richmond send down Lord A . Leenox—er would the monster speculator , Mr Attwood himself , undertake such a traffic if there was no certainty of the result being ob . talned 1 He could not believe tbat suth would be the case . Even if the evil were not cured in small const ! - tuencies , the good effected in large boroughs and counties , by the ballot , would be a sufficient counterbalance , ( Hear . ) The small boroujha would not be ' . n \& worse state than they now were , and public opinion might operate beneficially upon them , Ho could not believe
that the ballot oox would fall to ensure seeresy , America had been referred to , but in America there waa no reason 'for concealment , for property waa bo gene , rally diffused , and tyranny was eearce . Iu America they had the ballot , and needed it not . Here wo needed it but had it not . In answer to tho allegation that the ballot waa un-English , he would rttVr to the practice of tbe clubs , where were asaembltd valour , learning , and wealth . These all sought protection —from what 1 Perhaps from ill-will , intimidation , or tyranny . No one would accuse these men , members of parliament , and others oi nnmnnlinesi . But they sought protection from the bully , from the Sir Lucius
O ' Trigger of society , who if excluded from a club , would consider it ' a very pretty quarrel as tt stood , ' ( Hear , hear . ) But was thera not a bully of politics , as well as of society % Undoubtedly ; and ho eschewed equal arms , and sought to wound in the dark . K tbe victim was a tradesman , his credit and custom were assailed ' if a tenant , let him look for ej £ ctment ; if a servant , for hia discharge . ( Hear , hear , ) He accused not hon . gentlemen of unmnnliness because they adopted tbe ballot ; hut he osHed them to extend the same proteo . tion to others . It was said by tha opponents of the ballot that the statements of the deplorable degradation of constituencies were exaggerated , No one would be . lieve this who had read the evidence before the com .
mittee of 1835 . Before the committee of 1835 , Mr A . Cockbura stated that tbe only method of detecting bri . bery , mutually agreed upon , was b ; mohiog it uncertain whether tho agreement would be cairied out . A number of witnesses connected with Westminster stated that much 1 . ft tent e was exercised by the government officers , and by persons of wealth ; so that the tradesmen wore much more influenced than those in a small borough would he by direct bribes . Out of 13 , 000 registered electors in Westminster , only 4 , 500 had voted at the preceding election : and a great number of others avoided being placed on the register . Such was the character of the election in Westminster in 1837 . In 1811 the election
at Westminster was of a strong political character , as hou , members would , no doubt , remember : it was when tbe question of free trade flourished luxuriantly ; th- Protectionists worked heaven and earth to return a member to oupport tbe right hon . barenet the member for Tomwo-. 'tb , who at that time was tbe champion of protection . ( A laugh . ) Extraotdmarj exerti . oia 6 were made by the aristocracy to support Captain Itoa » . The gallant gentleman ' s cause was especially favoured by the ladles , ot whom large bodies turned out ( laughter ) and can . vassed In hia behalf with as much earnestness and vehemence as any paid canvassers could have done . He would select two cases out of innumerable ones which
had coma to bis knowledge and the authenticity of which he could himself attest . He should state them just as they had been detailed to him by tbe trades , men themselves . The first caso was that of & man at tbe west end of the town , who had very strong opinions on the autject of free trade . He had been all hie life a Liberal , and was anxious to vote for the honourable and gallant gentleman opposite ( Sir Da L . Evans ) , In the course of the da ; before tho election , six carriages -rcw up to his door , each bearing a coroaet on thepanels . The fair occupants of ihese carriages entered tbe tradesman ' s shop , and thera was no cajoling or threat to which they had not Koourae , in order to extract from him a promise tbat he would vote for Captain Rous . In a word , 'they worried the unfortunate man to that extent not only by menacing to withdraw their own custom ,
but by threatening to denounce him to others of their acquaintance whe would do the same , that although he could not be intimidated to vote against hia conscience he waa Induced to promise not to vote at all . ( Hear , hear . ) Hs ( Mr Berkeley ) had tho curieaity to call the following year on that man to ask bim whether he had succeeded in pleasing his customers , but he assured bim that he had not . ( Laughter , ) Of the six families represented by the six coronets , four with all their connexions , never tat foot again within hia threshold because he bad refused to vote , ( Hesi , hoar , ) The m & B ( who was a most respectable trader , had requested that his name should sot ba mentioned in tho house , but be ( Mr Berkeley ) would take any member aside and satisfy him as to the perfect authenticity of the statement . The tradesman estimated the loss to which ho was subjected
by that scandalous exorcise of tyranny aa amounting on tbe whola to net less than £ 60 per annum . ( Hear , hear . ) The ease was certainly one to point a moral , 1 ' aot to adorn a tale , ( Laughter . ) But the beauty of it was , that a few months after Captain Rous turned round , followed big leaders , aud , throwing completely ever , board tho persons who suffared all that wear and tear of conscience in his service , voted for free . trade . ( Laughter . ) How well might tho ladies who oeerced the unhappy tradesmen oxolaim , ' What shadows we are —what shadows wq pursue ! ' ( Loud laughter , ) The other oaso to whioh ho wished to call attention was that of an unhappy publican . ( Laughter . ) His casa had a double aspect . It exemplified evil effects aa well of democratic as of aristoorfitio interference , Here the aristocracy and tbe democracy were both united in doing
the wrong thing . The publtcau was waited upon by a lady of high rank , who , having oalltd at his house snd sent for him to her oarriags , made a strange overturn to him . ' You serve my house with beer , ' she said . The publican replied in tho afllrmatiTo . -1 understand that my servants also use your house . ' The publican assented , ' Well , thos , 'continued thelady , ' 1 have called upon yau to inform you that If you don't vote as I wish , not enly shall you lose my custom , but any servant of mine who hereafter sets his foot within y our door I shall immediately discharge—vote as I wish , and you shall always have our custom , and I will see what I can do for your son in the Custom House . ' ( Liughter . ) Frightened by the threat , or allured by the promise , the publican got up very early in tha morning and voted for Captain Rous , but ha did not gain much by it either on the score of
paaca of mind or In any other sense . It so happened that there were twelve or thirteen tailors who held their Saturday night orgies at his house , ( Laughter , ) They were very formidable tailors , quite of the Gufftiy school . ( Laughter . ) Tremendous fellows . ( Lighter . ) One of them being very enthusiastic in the cause , went to the poll at a Very early hour , and baring discovered that his host bad voted for Ciptain Rous , he lost no time in communicating the faot to bis comrades . The upshot was , that oa tha next Saturday night they called for their bill , abused tbe unfortunate man iu round set terms , told bim that he was not only a publican but a sinner—( laughter)—aad gave him to understand that tbey would drink no mora of his beer , but denounce him to tbe whole trade . ( Laughttr . ) These two cjshs ha had selected from fifty or sixty which had come to his
know ! dge . He seriously put it to the house whether it was to be tolerated that such a State Of things ebould continue . Were they not bound in justice and in mercy to give to the victims of such tyranny the protection of secret voting . ( Hear , hear . ) Iu 1817 ho was chairman of a committee appointed to carry out the election of the nobis lord now at the head of the government and other Liberal members . Th 4 committee sat at the west-end of the tewn , and the object was to enlist the suffrages of west end tradesmen who had votes in the city . The result of his experience ou that osmmittee , was the conviction that tbe evils eomphined ao much of in 1335 , eiistod iu an aggravated form in 1817 , and that the instances were numerous , of tradesmen disfranchising themselves , rather than be subjeeted to tha terrors and horrors of the worrying system . ( Hear , hear ) A common reply te those who asked a trade iman for his vote was , ' Thank
Go ) , I have na vote ; when I was a younger men I bad , one , bat I have suffered tco much from the exercise of it of late , and I havo become a wiser man—I will niver vote again . ' Ia nine oases out of ten , they added t lis saving clause , ' unless you get the ballet ( or us . ' ( Hear , ho » r . ) The same system prevallel all over the country . In Ireland , priests and landlords seemed to vie with each Other In intimidation . The evidence of 1935 contain , d a , hub remarkable disclosures as to the conduct of two magistrates In Tipperary , who , while strongly denouncing che Intimidation of tbe priests , maintained that their own was perfectly allowable . Que ot these , Mr Wilcox , salts he thought the landlord had a legitimate right to the votes of hia tenants . ( Laughter . ) Col , Bruen round '; maintained tha right of landlordsjto discharge fiervai ts or eject tenants for not voting as they wished , mentioning Instances where he had txercUsd that power' for punish , tag the leSrao . oij . ' ( laughter . ) Two clergjmea de
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
scribed the disastrous effects whioh open voting produced on the tenantry , and stated that the ballot was absolutely necessary . The » ma state of things had prevailed In 1837 , 1841 , and 1817 . A Stronger case of landlord Intl . nidation could not be conceived than that which was proved before the late Kinsale election committee . The last objection was , that the ballot was productive of lying and deceit . The right hon . member for Northampten ( Mr Y . Smith ) had aald the ballot would convert the habits of the electors into one oontinued He . Surely , then , there was something la the present system which encouraged truth , 80 far from this , he maintained that the existing electoral system was one vast lie , and might be summed np in that comprehensive term ' humbug , ' ( Laughter . ) Standing orders ware passed every session against the interference of peers at elections ; but the
most extraordinary Illustration of tho way In which these orders wero atttnded to was furnished by MrDodd , in his ' Parliamentary Companion . ' He gave , in a tabular and alphabetical form , tha list of boroughs in which peers exercised influence in tbe return of ihe membtrsin all no fewer than 62 , in England and Wales , containing 43 000 inhabitants , and returning 98 members . Of these fifty-seven wore returned by tho direct Influence of the aristocracy . In all there wera forty-nine peers and twenty-five wealthy commoners who exercised a direct Influence In the return of members of parliament . ( Hear , hear . ) In the face of such ft ata . Um * nt SB that what a farce were the sessional orders ! ( Hear , hear . ) Ia putting them forth they could scarcely be supposed to have any other intention but that of damning their own character fer sincerity , and they eould not surely free themselves from the ohat'go of deceit . But how well did the candidate follow the example thus set blm by that house t Tha not unfrequent custom was for a
candidate to go down to some borough at a general electioa , and fully impressed with the true character of these sessional orders , to publish among hia constituent ! his manifesto , telling thtm that they are ' free and inde pandmt electors , that Englishmen never would consent to be slave ) 1 / and whilo at the same time ha was issuing this addraes , ho and his agents were putting in force every screw and artifice known In electioneering contests to wring and extort from tbem their promises in bis favour ; and when he had at length screwed them into returning him by means of these abominable appliances , the candidate would turn round and coolly tell bis constituencythose bought and intimidated unfortunates-that he was the most honoured man in the world , In being elected by their free and unbiassed suffrages . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) Then , having been thus returned to that house whenever such a question as the ballot was brought forward , he ( Mr Berkeley ) bad always observed that such candidates wera ever foremost to enact the ^
manly British lion , and Indignantly protested that they could not support the ballot—It was against their conscience to do so—they were virtuously shocked at tbe bare idea of the lying and deceit to which they believed it would inevitably lead . ( Hear , and laughter . ] He did not hope for the support of the Chartists , whom be had always looked upon as the propagandists of violence , but he hop ; d for success from the growing Influence of enlightened public opinion . He Implored the house to emancipate the constituencies who had sent them there , and who , by their recent conduct in moat excited times , had deserved bo well at their hands , ( Hear , hear . ) Give the people the ballot , and they would have in their gratitude the bast security for tbe stability and security of the national institutions . ( Hear , beer . ) Colonel Tbomfson , in supporting the motion wished
to call the attention of the house to ono objection which had beea urged against the ballot . It had frequently been urged that the exercise of the franchise was a duty , and shouli be performed openly ; but It should be rumombered that the members of a court-martial , assembled as they were to perform most solemn duties , yet were bound by a solemn oath equivalent to the 8 t ; cre » j of the ballot , not to disclose the votes or opinions of any member of the court . Why should not tbe poor man have the same protection % ( Hear , hear . ) He ( Col , Thompson ) believed in his heart that there waa no hos tlllty oa the part of the people to the hereditary aiistecracy of the country , and that therefore jthere was no reason for keeping from them a concession which was essential to the freer exercise of their most sacred pri > vlliges . With these few observations he bogged to se cood the motion , Mr P . HoWabd opposed the motion .
Colonel Sib tbobp did not Intend to vote on this mo tion either one way or tho other , hut should leave Lord J . Russell to settle his dispute with his mutinous troops as be best could . He had never advocated , snd he never would advocate , the ballot . ! ,- «& Dani . ES Stua . ut supported the motion . Mr Ubqdhakt , as the representative of tho Chartists and Radicals , [ the hon , member must be labouring under a delusion of an extraordinary character , the Chartists know little of him , and that little is not of a kind to induce them to teake him thelrrepresentstiro , ]
wished to state why those parties had lost their confidence in abstract terms and meaningless reforms , He protested ugainst tho time of tbe house being takou up with such idle motions . ( Ironical cheers . ) He held to tbe old fasbi & ned opinion that tbe ballot was an tin-Engiieh practice , He baa been sent to that bouse to control tbe government , to watch the conduct of public men , and to use his best exertions to procure a reduction ef the public expenditure . Ho called on hon , members opposite to follow the same course , as one more calcu latcd to serve their country than the proposal of sudden and organic changes in its institutions .
Lord J . RussBuin opposing tho metion , said that he could only rapt at the same aru * ments which he had employed on former occasions when he had been compelled to oppose similar propositions . Publicity was the rale ot our constitution , and Jaecrf cy waa the exception from it . Our courts of justice were open , and so were the discussions of both Houses of Parliament , The votes of every member of parliament were known and published to the country , Aud bo with other practices ia our general , political , and social system This proposal , therefore , was adverse to the whole spirit of our institutions , The hon . gentleman proposes no alteration in the number of electors . He still leaves us open to that charge which was made by the honourable gentleman who is sitting near him ( l & r Hums , aa was understood ) , that only one in seven of the male per *
sous of adult age were to have the right of voting . In this one in seven he proposes to leave the power of electing members of parliament , uncontrolled by any exercise of public opinion , and completely conceaUd , Thereforeone . stventh of tbo male adults of this kingdom are to hava what the constttutian of Venice gave to tbe inquisitors of that state , a secret and despotic power over all the affairs of Ala kingdom . Sir , in the case of a democratic constitution I could well understand any one saying , ' the sovereignty ia placed in numbers . There are so many millions of adult males in this country , It Is fdr them to decide ; they have nothing to do but to say which party has the majority , and if they choose to exercise their powers secretly they should be allowed to do so , ' But euoh Is not tbe nature of your present electoral constitution .
The very fault which the hon . member for Montrose has attributed to the electoral body is , that it is a select body . It is only a portion of the people of this country who have tbe eleetlva franchise , and , therefore , the franchise U a trust reposed in them which tbry are to exerciss for the benefit of the whole community . Well , then , the question is new , how can they best exercise it ? How can they exercise It in the manner most likely to be conducive to the good of the community " I aay that they will exercise it best if they give their votes publicly—if every man is obliged to say , I give my vote for such & person , ' and knaws that he must abide by his vote . Ht
He did not deny but that bstb . intimidation and corruption char tcterised , to some extent , our electoral system . These were defects in that system ; but it did not follow that , ou account of some abuses , they should surrender a great principle , and one which he considered a vital and an essential principle of the constitution . Independently of thase . eowsideratious , he did not believe that the sup . porters of the billot would Achieve their object , if the ballot were secured to thsm . Should the motion be adopted , and the honourable gentleman follow it up by a bill , he would oppose that bill , convinced tbat the object sought by it would not ba attained if it were carried , and that in addition to not producing any good , it would he productive of much mischief .
Mr Cobdkn delivered a lengthy speech in support of the motion . Mr Henley opposed the motion . Mr Muntz denounced tbe speech of Lord J . Russell as a mass of sophistical twaddle , delivered for the mere purpose of getting rid of this question . He admitted that , if the bal ' . ot could not bo made secret , it would be of little use ; but he was convinced that it could be made secret , and , if so , it must be productive of peace aud advantage to all classes . Mr Wood and Mr Villlsbs supported , and Mr Napikk opposed the motion . Mr Berkeley replied , and the house divided , when tho numbers for the motion
wera—Ayes 86 Noes 81 Majority in its favour .. .. _ s The new opposition , surprised at its own succ ess , received the annunciation of the numbers with a double volley of very loud cheers . The house immediately afterwards adjourned at twelve o ' clock .
WEDNESDAY , Auao 9 T 9 th . HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Tha house met at twelve o ' clock . The BauUruptcv Bill was read a second time , as was also the Provident Association Fraud Prevention
Bill . The report on the Stock in Trade Exemption Bill was then brought up and received . The Turnpike Acts Continuance Bill , the Court of Justiciary ( Scotland ) Bill , the Criminal Law Adminiitratlon Amendment Bill , the Money Order Department CPostofflce ) Bill , and the Fisheries ( "Ireland ) Bill , went severally through committee . The Churches Bill , the Proclamation of Fines ( Com t of Common Pleas , * Bill , and the Poor Law Union Charges ( No . 1 ) Bill wera severally read a third time and passed . The order of the day for the second reading of the Remedies against the Hundred Bill was read and discharged , on the motion of Sir William Clay ; it being understood that the present law ou the subject was net likely to work any hardship before the government intro duced a measure to obviate the iaconveniencj that had beea complained ot ; At three o clock the sitting was suspended till five . At that hour the house
reassembled-Mr H , BebkbiiET gave notice that he would early next session , move tor leave to bring in a hill for taking the votes at tho election of members to servo In Parliament , by ballot . Repeal or the Union . —Mr Obooa ** was desirous to know from the government what its opinion waa with respwst to the asswtiou of many statemen , that ther * was no difference , between a Repeal of the Union between
Monday, August 7. House Of Lords.—Oa Tbe...
Great Britain and Ireland and a separation nflT ^' * countries . * nwHHtwo J Lord Johh Russeil replied , that an n . »„ whose operations were strictl y con 8 ned to . S *" , Parliament for a Repeal of tho Union would be wa ' . ° 9 petitioss with that prayer had been received 8 a » d house ; but any association for the nuroosp nf \ a- thl > that object by other that conititutional mean . 1 » tlnS doubtedly illegal . wa ' an , » Avr ESTIMATES .-The house then went lata ru mittee of Supply on the Navy Estimates ur w ?„ ™ ' serving , in the course of a speech of details as tin , '' k ^ oua matters involved in tho several votes and w - » i , Varl ferenceto the recommendations contained io thT re of the select committee on this head of CXnenditii r * port the total reduction effected on the votes , asi original ? ' 'hat
puseu , »»™ u < -- * . * uo , vuu ; me excess of expenditure . i \ T u * fore , tor the present ye . ir , as compared with « , ' » 1 re * would only be £ 6 , 41 > . The firat vote having beenit .. ¦ a 8 t ' tracted debate ensued , involving the whole foraiV * - ? 1- 0 ' of the country . The most noticeable point of fj ^ 7 cussion was the following : portion of Lord J n „ dls - speech in repl y to Mr Cubdek :-I think that ' if th ' sent French ptovernment , being wuer than thl 1 . Drevernment of that country , should deem itnronJ . ° Seduce very much their naval expenses , which Z ' , " re to have been extravagant of lata years , it would ?„ £ . ?*! a good occasion for us to carry into effect retread 18 h which would not otherwise be advisablo , »« , nts cheers . ) I think that the committee which has l » t . i * ai has pointed out scvera" sources of expense whinh " *** be very well the subjects of inquiry and of careful \ S ment in the course of another year . I Quite d '« with an hon . gentleman who said it was not fittine tn f 1 " ject tho estimates to the consideration of a sMp « t uh mittee . ( Hear , hear ) I think it would be very ,. n ° ^' Twablo a « d unusual-it would be shirking tharWo ^" Mtity , of a government-t } take that course cvertv *" uul 1 mat
regrci . sucn a course was not taken in lais . J 1828 . I re .-ret also that we did not take that nn .. ! S " 1838 , and I think tha hon . member for Monto " Mi ? H «» rt 7 " *»«¦*• ' ^ ht in uftcattag that it should h adopted this year . I believe that inquiries bv gnVh ? ' mittee . from time to time-not too irequentlv but « - now and then-do enable the government and the nuhu departments to reconsider expenses whioh CwK incurred , and to lake a better course will , ™ f A I many of the details of that expenditure ( II ar hTar , , perfectly agree , also , that there is nothing Z'Jf ^ u h * than for the governments of different counfri ™ to yiewifh each other in attempting to have w II * } ( Hear , hear . ; I quite ^ agree tha T . ' , ™ 2 rule , such a course is most unwise . I do not think u n 7 , T ^ " » »™ . «««« y ^ the position of S ? United States of America . We artt naturally more in V U ft « ' •¦< - ' - -ncem
X [" I '" I . ?!^ " "' thS ^ - »» ' « - ' ¦ I think , th . ^ rf Bu o ^ woul all do well if they modified their expenditure for the maintenance of armaments . ( Loud cries of « uear w , I can assure the hon . member that it was never our wU o quarrel with tha government of FrMee-, KriM 0 r 'Hear , hear ) -and , even in the short time that h « clapstd since the revolution of February , wehaveshoSn cert , or at all events on the best terms of international relation , with the government of so powerful and enlight ened a country . ( Hear , and cheerso I am gl ad toXd that the present government of France disclaim , most wisely , those projects of ambition wliich led France uD . der the
Republic and under t io Empire , nt first to ' brif liant conquests and a ' terwnrds to as signal calamities " that the present government of France , and I believe the whole of the French nation , coscur in the impolicy 0 f such a course-diear , hearl-that , on the contrary , their wish is to preserve thepeace of Eurepe ; and that if there is a desire to break the peace of Europe , it existsnot in France-hut in other quarters . ( Hear , hear ] [ cannot say that I think the state of Europe is at present so assured tbat any statesman could confidently predict for any number of years , the continuance of peace ; but ' with respect to the government of France , I believe that they are animated by a sincere desire to "reserve neaw ,
( Hear , hear . ) I believe that the powerful government of Russia is animated by the same desire- ( hear , hear ) -. and , England , France , and fiuisia all concurring in a desire to maintain the peace of Europe , there is not the least probability of that peace being disturbed . C Hear hear , ' and cheers . ) ' Mr DisBAEti considered Mr Cobden the professor of a system of philosophy which was not founded on facts . Wars , so far from being originated bv monarchs or oa . binets , were caused b y popular passions and prejudices . Several votss were agreed to , and at one o ' clock the house adjourned .
Banlu'tipts.
BanlU'tipts .
(Fromthe Tfatetleof Tuesday, Augusts.) B...
( Fromthe tfatetleof Tuesday , Augusts . ) BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED . Josiah John Crask , of Lowestoft , Suffolk , linendraper , BANKRUPTS . John Gatrell , Lymington , upholsterer—Joseph Hub . bard , Dorking , linen draper—George Wi-bstar , * 3 , Hedge row , Islington , licensed vicUialier—fhomasJames Champion , Tunbr'dge-weU . a , bootmaker-James Stetre , Guildford , watchmaker—Joseph Peace Shuttleworth , ' Birmingham , mathematical instrument maker—Thomas Wakefield , Lenton , merchant—James Crescent Shaw Bristol , carrier—David Turner , Sheffield , innkeeper-Charles Lowe Snainson and John Eirchwooo * , Manches . ter , manufacturers-Thomas Gillespie Iferguson , Henry Tayler , and George Frederick . Uaulty , Manchester , commission merchants . DECLARiTIO . Y OF INSOLVEXGY . Samuel Glover , 72 , Pavk-street , Giosvenor-square builder .
INSOLVENT PETITIONERS . E Ashcroft , Kirkdale , Lancashire , merchant ' s clerk—E Evans , Toiteth-park , Lancashire , joiner—J Fittall , Ewell , Kent , butcher—P H Ireland , MucKleton , Shrop . shire , farmer— W Jollry , Claines , Worcestershire , cattle dealer—T M'Kinley , Liverpool , lodging . housekeeper—8 Pointon , Gillonheath , Staffoi dshire , wheelwright—J Rowley , Black . park , Denbighshire , victualler-J Snape , Liverpool , licensed brewer—J Wanstall , Dortr , journey , man carpenter—J Warner , Healfy-upon-Thames , whitesmith—R Woodall , Scarborough , Yorkshire , painter .
SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS . Edgley , Emmerson , and Co ., Glasgow , manufacturers-Edward Braughton , Edinburgh , boarding school keeper —Thomas Henderson Seton , Glasgow , tavern keeper-Robert Johnston , Aberdeen , shipowner — Neil Blair , Paisley , calico printer—William Frkr , Edinburgh , corn merchant—John Cochran and Co ., Glasgow , wholesale tea merchants—William Shackleton , Aberdeen , woolstapler—Thomas Charles Burns , Avondale writer to the signet .
The Whigs. —There Is A Certain Class Of ...
The Whigs . —There is a certain class of trans , gressors who are never penitent but when tbey are in extremis , and who , upon the sli ghtest relief from the pressure which makes thera amenable to law and reason , immediately relapse into their former mis - deeds . Pharaoh is an ancient example of the character ; the Whigs are a modern one , though infinitel y belo w , we need scarcely say , the autocrat of Egypt in point of general respectability . In former tiays , when their poYiticai opponents were in office , these patriotic statesmen reserved all their
virtuous indignation for the Government which thought coercion the proper way to deal with sedition ; whence it has been truly as well as wittily observed , how fortunate it was that Lord John Russell was seated on the Treasury bench in April last , because , had he not been there , he would undoubtedly have taken the chair on Kennington-common . Assailed , however , in the seat of power , the Whigs are as ready as any to show their teeth , and to bring in ' gagging' Acts and coercion Bills tbat might satisfy the dictatorial propensities of Cavaignac himself . —John Bull .
R & tribution— Some of the jury who did their duty before God and man in convicting the traitor Mitchel , have been already ruined by the terrorists Times . A letter from Constantinople , the 19 th ult ., says : * Last Saturday the Sultan saw his family increased on one day , by two sons , born of different mothers , and to whom were given tbe names Mehmed-Froad ( Mahomet ' s heart ) , and Ahmed-Kemail-Eldin ( perfection of religion . )" The Rising of the Miluons , —The multitude
are rising from the dust . Once we heard of the few , now of the many ; once of the prerogatives of a part , now of the ri g hts of all . We are looking , as never before , through the disguises , envelopments of ranks and classes , to the common nature which is below thera ; and are beginning to learn that every being who partakes of it has noble powers to cultivate , solemn duties to perform , inalienable rights to assert , a vast destiny to accomplish . The grand idea of humanity , of the importance of man as man , is spreading silently but surely . Not that the worth of the human being ia at all understood as it should be but the truth is glimmering through the darkness . A faint consciousness of it has seized on the public mind . Even ihe most abject portions of
society are visited by some dreams of a better condition , for which they are designed . The grand doctrine , that every human being should have the means of self-culture , of progress in knowledge and virtue , of health , comfort , and happiness , of exercising the powers aud affection s of a man ; this is slowly taking its place as the hi ghest social truth . That the world was made for all , and not for the few ; that society is to care for all ; that no human ocing shall perish hut through his own fault ; that the great end of government is to spread a shield over the rights of all ; these propositions are growing into axioms and the spirit of theni is coming forth iu all tho departments of life . — Dr Channina .
Shell got . Ladies . —In an advertisement pub-Iished at Vienna , by a committee of ladies appointed to raise subscri ptions for a German fleet , all married ladies are requested to contribute for this purpose the money \ -hioh , according to the advertisement , all wives are in the habit of secretly reserving for their own u . se from the allowances made them by their husbands for housekeeping .
Birth, On Saturday Last, August 5th, Was...
BIRTH , On Saturday last , August 5 th , was registered by Mr Hutuhlnson , Eliza O'Connor Shelley Cook , the hii ' ant daitghta 1 of J . Cook , bookseller and news-agent , Upper Orv ell . street , Ipswich .
Pr.Atoaby Douga.L Jt'gowan, Of 164 Greft Wiuttrauv Street, Haymarket, In Tho City Of Wustmi Iter, At The
Pr . atoaby DOUGA . L Jt'GOWAN , of 164 Greft WiuttrauV street , Haymarket , in tho City of Wustmi iter , at the
Oilice . In The Same Street Anuransa, Lo...
Oilice . in the same Street anuransa , lortat . rropnetor , FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Esq ., M . P ., and publishs-d by William Hewitt , of Ko . 18 , CharlCMtreet , Brae don-street , Walworth , in the parish of St . Mary , Neu . ingtoR , in tho County of Surrey , at the Office , Ho . 1 * , Great Windmill-street , Haymnrket , in the . Citsofffaft " . minster , —Saturday August 12 th , 18 i $
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 12, 1848, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_12081848/page/8/
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