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¦ eiFebbpary 13. 1647. THE NORTHERN STAR...
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jforrign iHobemcntsi,
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• *!)(!•' And I will war, at leastin wor...
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etolonial aim fornix intellttace*
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VAN DIEMAN'S LAND. Wc have newspapers fr...
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Crafted ffccfciirma
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TIIE BOILER MAKERS OF WOOLWICH AND DEPTF...
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Kidskt Potatoes.—Such is the extreme sca...
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THE TEN HOURS' BILL. r n .* orrosmos of ...
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RICHARD OASTLER, ESQ.
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TO THE "ELECTORS OF MANCHESTER . Gentlbm...
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ACCIDENTS IN COLLIERIES IN LANCASHIRE. A...
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DREADFUL [DEATH THROUGH MISAPPLICATION O...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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¦ Eifebbpary 13. 1647. The Northern Star...
¦ eiFebbpary 13 . 1647 . THE NORTHERN STAR . »• 7
Jforrign Ihobemcntsi,
jforrign iHobemcntsi ,
• *!)(!•' And I Will War, At Leastin Wor...
• *!)(!• ' And I will war , at leastin words , ifl ^ iAfl ^—should ray chance so happen—deeds , ) ffi With all w , ho war with Thought !" tl'i' ! tl'i ' '' I hear a little hird , who sings . j » c \ t j » c T J and b J " wiUbe tne stronger . "—Bitos
REVELATIONS OF AUSTRIA . * xo . IV . i -. ot ' r ; () oiinucd from the Northern Star of February 6 th . ) ' fin 'i litre are three classes of public functionaries in littfli ttia ; firstlyt the " Kaiserial , " who are paid out thif the Kaiser ' s treasury ; secondly , the Urban , or fic ; Tie functionaries , who are paid from the town > A % A-5 urv ; and , thirdly , the Dominical functionaries , j (! 9 fo « are hired and paid by the landholder . In one t-tweet the Austrian despotism acknowledges an iii ! . J ilitv unknown to the "free constitutional" go-I , ; i ,, ; n . Jnt of Great Britain . Offices and ranks are aiitjaiitid in the civil , military , and ecclesiastical , „ nrtmentswithout regard to either nobility or
r , ' r & tbsr- 0 iir ° * ' rtn or ^ ortunc » IDe personal qualiticaon lion 'l ! iue candidates being only regarded . Vi Venality and corruption prevail amongst the n „ . -trian ' functionaries , ( the Russians , however , far ' ,.: * ,. rival them in this respect ); even Metteraich ^ ^ ju in the ray of the Tsar Alexander , who paid Wiiini . it k- said , a million ot rouble . -, annually . Aletertierr , kh * s real name is Ochsenhaosen , he i ? a native f V f West | ifaalia , belonging to an obscure family . Ths vjiKii £ Cr Francis created him Prince Metternicb , and lie tlie m senary German papers give out tbat Metterjc ! -, ; , \< of an ancient princely family , j jieie are some painful revelations concerning THE AUSTftlAN AftUV .
• j -jhc Austrian army recruited by conscription . To ¦ bif thB iStfti Austrian Poland is divided into twelve di « - trii trie" - <> a ' econ * of Jan « ary every year military KB ( . ¦ . uim ^ sio " ' composed ot two subaltern officers and thrte c . r ( . rfsar curporalsor soldiers , as writers , appears at the eii cni'i - ^ ' or v' 1 Ia ? e of iheirdistrict , andhavinjr iff jovitetlto its assistance the clergyman of the place as well as : as tie burgomaster and the representative of the seig-J : ai proprietsr . it procetds to the conscription . jbe clergyman is obliged to carry with him the register t . t ritths , deaths , or marriages . , 111 male individuals from the age of seventeen and si jpfEfls are obliged to present themselves in person ji j ^ f . re the commission . 5 be fatter of the family must appear to declare the r c i ) . * , ! ig' : 3 which have taken place iu his family since the p pettiizgyear , the proprietor to give an account of his t t « n » ts . All individuals fined for military service are ; ^ esijn tte'l in a column of the conscription-books .
lie officer of the military district seeds a copy of this t 5 S » 5 to the icircle , and makes a report to the comnatli ^ g general at Leopol . Tie circle again makes its report to the Gufccrnium rt- . h distributes the recruits by circles , and orders and £ It > = the night for seizing the recruits , which is the same fat- * whole province . Tiecirolcs make the repartition of the recruits by to « ss and villages , and orders the burgomasters and & , sin cal jurisdictions to commence on the night fixed lv t ' n Gahernium . All these orders are' transmitted ^ th fie greatest secrecy . The evening of the night fised upon , the bdrgomasters an ? , lords summon all the police agents , employes , spies , po : ,: s soldiers and often soldiers of the regular army , aad at miunkht , when everybody is asleep , the recruiters , tiM -le ! into several bands , disperse , surround the house ? , asJ " rreak open the doors , and if they are not directly ( gs . el , csrry away the men discovered , tie tlieai with cdt . ' j ar . d bear them off to prison .
Tb' - recruiters are furnished with sledge hammers to br ? jk - -pen the doors , with blndgeons to strike their prey i ? it -liGtlld make any resistanca or attempt to defend its *' : ' . According t © the befehl or command of 1828 only tie run of from tei to thirty ar » subject to tbe military inrcc in 3 time of peace . Daring a period of war men are town np to t *> e a ; e of fifty years . The victims are csrrii'l to the office of the circle , where a mixed commissi ] . - ' . : -mpased of 3 commissary of the circle , two militarf .: 3 ars , and a doctor of the regiment , measure , exa-• ah ^/ . nd only select the finest , most robust and youngest . Sit ' -Uhstaadin ; that the number of recruits is fixed , ? he b ^ omasters aad lords are obliged to present before tt » MTamission all married or unmarried men up to tbe SB of thirty years , because the commission has a right t-jt-otse , aad they cannot know beforehand how many
«? bay tlumsdves out of tUe service , for it is permitted ia . tans of pe ,. c ; to pay 300 florins ( £ 30 . ) to the Kaiser , trio Jane ; has the right to find substitutes , which he test } impressing other young men who cannot pay the »«)» money . The night of carrying off the recruits i trulj a St . Bartholomew ' s nighr . [ bring days succeading this night nothing is heard in pto'ises , streets , and roads , but the sobs and lamenta-Ke cf n ; others , fathers , wires , and chiljren , who fol-3 : * Si cars , the Imperial Sbriri who are leading away t « elittdrea , husbands , and fathers . Their lamentafai are not surprising—the conscripts are then carried t ' . ' a foreign country , into Girmany , Italy , or Hungary . V . ey are subjected to a barbarous discipline , and illfcciUd by the Cerman officer ; and corporals whose lanfitrs they do not understand .
The German linguase is the language of military remind for the wholearmy composed of eleven-twelftlis t ; WcS , Hungarians , Italians , Bohemians , ic ., & e . ssKue-iwtlftli Germans . Jlere is a revoking account of the horrible
ArsTBIAX HIHTAST Pr . VISBaENTS . I ! : e military punishments are , lstly , blows with the neck i pon the bick ; 2 ndly , beating on the bare tack ; isc ' ¦ ' ¦ : 'iy , death . Ihe deutensnt has a right to administer to the soldier Ltt ' s ' . nevht for the slightest insubordination , and withco : a- ; . - sentence , twenty-five blows of tbe stock or cane rfonl a single corporal . The captain has a right to admiaister thirty blows of lic ' stick by two corporals , and in tbe presence of the tocpir . y . Tie i . ui . ishment takes place in the middle of a public Vl-rc during market or fair time , and with a prcecrittd ceremony . Tsily , tlie culprit carries the bench himself , places I iiasrlf before the company , and lays himself on this I tacli at tbe command of the officer .
f creonihy , two corporals are ordered out cf the ranks , s .- ' j ' .-ce themselves one to the right , and one to tbe lit of the extended landskhecht . Ti .. \ eiftinine whether his thighs are covered with * ij-. l .. i 55 more tbtn drawers , and proceed to execution . At tli- word of command , the corporal at the left of the ci ; a . a ! strikes the first blow , andoueortwo minutes £ irtU-corporal on the right , alternately ; after each ibw tl . ey wait at least a minute or two , in order that & e caVrit may have time to feel and suffer , and that the Cats may swell and bleed ; tbe officers of the company *' -, > iiii : Uud the execution , and cry , strike well , ( hau zu . ) Tie tj ^ cuticn lasts about three quarters of an hour .
A ' . te the twentieth blow strips of the drawers and tlii shi are often seen to fall . Formerly they struck on fit cloth trowsers that the soldiers wear , but the Kaiser l " ranci =, called by the Germans , tbe father of his country , ( Lii ^ mater , ) ordtrtd them to strike on the drawers by Ri <<;" ecoKomis 2 nstbe trowsers , and that the blows st-j-ildbj bettvrielt . " EC . NXISG THE CAUSILET . !>• : ?( rtion and other serious offences tre punished by rMuiji ,- the gauntlet . The soldier condemned by a court ttsrtinl to this punishment is stripped to the hips , and ttaptlled to pass and repass ten , fifteen , twenty , or Hi tr times , through one or several battalions of infant- T tsiged in two lines , face to face ; the space between tit ! m lines is three or four paces broad . Each soldier , loraUl ed with a willow slick , strikes the culprit as he P «! e ? . with his whole might , oa the bare back .
As a frecaationary measure the soldiers are furnished * Ki s . Ttral sticks in case of tbeir breaking . If tbe untw . ujjatc faints and cannot any longer proceed , he is " •« : laid on a bench , and the soldiers passing and rei' «? sin .- at the ordinary step strike him as he lies . Ifki die under the blows , which often happens , ( as I Krsonrily witnessed in IMS and 180 S . ) they strike the Wj oatil the number of blows are completed . After passing a few times the length of a battalion , taipostfi of from eight hundred to a thousand men , the j *» li of the back falls off ia pieces , and very often the enfctils protrude through the lacerated sides . f punishment of death is executed by hangings ; W civil , and by shooting for military crimes . Ile-Mted desertion is punished by death . Uerc is an " accting picture of a urEMHED BESEsrra . nrs wife ak » childbek
. ( lM , s or IS * I saw a Hungarian woman who came roai t » ! c interior of Hungary with her three children , the wa « t of whom might be six or seven years ef age and « e youngest am at the breast , four or five months old . i ^ fortunate woman hoped by her presence to soften * Wnm cruelty , eidteilie pity , and obtain the pardon '• er jusband , a deserter , but she was mistaken , he had «** jiiot , she thrtwherself on the still warm body of her ^ d filled toe air with her cries , called him by his Sf * ; . ^ ' 1- " ^^ ° ftebod y . ^ d opened '• s mouth , thinking to awaken and reeal It to life Two or three hours after she expired , h « lips glued or 'aiuer frozen to the month other husband
, Jhe chad at the i » rea ? t followed the fate of Us mother . « n that day the snow fell ; in such abundance that the " < <* l . ccus were quite covered towards two o ' clock in * a . t . Tncon . Sobod y dare assist the wife or children tit crunmal-every one being afraid of drawing down «¦ -w of thepaternal government ^ y aHIr ei ? i ) - ' pa ram 0 unt ' eTeH common uMfas cv * " - T are ohliged to uncover before a sentinel , to t v , " : ' I " ! " 1 1 : esitaticg , his orders , on pain of being 'on- h ^ " bj thc baJCDet- Ti-e sentinel is thus made from ^ ' « s » stM , _ yonr juJge and fxtcnUoner , — um whom litre is no ippsai . Woe betide yoa , theretS i , ' d ° r S &* l ™ c tefoie a * entinel whom you have 1 Jld - . Ilfc f- 'Hs tou , mo : says afterwards that you -e- WMitia ? ! n respect towards him . Such sanguinary - vrrences happen o 5 ten in Gallicis , but it is forbidden steak about or publish them in the sc ««»
wm-J ibapptn even sometimes at Vienna . According to as . V J v , ii ^ saZ \ GazelU [ of the 16 th of February ji "'" ,-i '» the Austrian stotintlf have killed by gun ia-. 1 , ' snor t SDace oi time , five persons who -4 : -- ( . them sacking cigars .
Etolonial Aim Fornix Intellttace*
etolonial aim fornix intellttace *
Van Dieman's Land. Wc Have Newspapers Fr...
VAN DIEMAN'S LAND . Wc have newspapers from this cdony to the 18 th September . The governor continued in as bad odour a * ever , and hU position , even in the legislative council , was such as to make it indisnensable to the legitimate influence of government , that hissuccessor should arrive as soon as possible . The lhbart Town ^ Ititieriiscr of Scntomber 18 , statf-s : — " Robberies are becoming very rife at the outskirts of thc town . "
WEST INDIES . The mail steamer , Dee , which arrived at Southampton , on Monday morning , has brought advices from Jamaica to the 13 th . from the Uavannahto the 11 th , from Barbadoes to the 9 th . from Trinidad to the 7 th of January , and from GUagrcs to the 2 Gth of Decemher . The house of assembly vfJamaica had lowered the salaries of the governor , and of many placemen , ab . mt a fifth ; but it was thought that the legislative council would not consent to these reductions . ] n Jamaica , ami all the British West Indies , the crops appear to be flourishing , and the weather justified good expectations .
FRANCE . Tho discussion in the Chamber of Deputies on Thuisdav , presented a fact , unprecedented perhaps in the history of the French Chambers—a single spe . ikcr occupying the tribune during the whole sittinir . M . Thiers disscusscd most fully the question of the Spanish marriages , and incidentally touched on the aftair of Cracow . In examining ihe former subject , he blamed thc Ministry most strongly , for the undue haste with which , he said , the marriages had been urged forward . He approved of the marriage ol Queen Isabella with Don Francisco , but Named that of the Duke of Montpensier with the Infanta Louisa ; this latter he declared to be either null or dangerous— null if the Queen had heirs , and
dangerous i » she remained chiidless ; he announced himselt to be a partisan of the English alliance , which , he maintained , the Ministry , after having made great sacrifices to obtain , had broken unnecessarily . After examining at some length the state of Europe , and upholding the absolute necessity of the English alliance , he concluded his brilliant . speech by expressing an arJent wish that the Q , uecn of Spain might sonn have an heir to the throne—the best prayer for his country , he remarked , that he could offer up ! On Friday M . Gu ' uot replied to the speech of MThiers oi the day before , aud very nearly at as great length , llo adduced arguments to prove that the French G wernment were in a measure compelled by
circumstances to conclude simultaneously the double marriage , and that this necessity was caused by the difference of conduct manifested by the Tory and Whig Governments , lie argued that the relative position oi France and Spain was improved by the marriages . He did not deny that with respect to England , France was placed in a delicate and difficult situation ; but the circumstances , he said , which affected both powers at the same time , and equally were so important , tint it could scarcely be supposed that they should not soon see the advantage of making up heir * differences ; he concluded by declaring that Franco would still pursue the course of Conservative policy which she had practised dsring the last 17
years . The debate on the second paragraph of the address , af . er having occupied the Chamber of Deputies three data , was at length brought to a close by the adoptiou of the . paragraph , as drawn up by the committee , without a division . A royal oruonnance has just appeared , dissolving the National Guard of the town of Buzancais ( Indre , ) in consequence of the way in which it acted at the corn riot in that place . Tlie Reforms states tbat tbe price of grain is again advancing , and that a sudden rise has just taken place at Paris , and in all the markets , such as Chartres , Provins , Afclun , Montereau , Chateaudun , Rouen . Montarsis . < fcc , that supply the capital . 330 , 000 persons , or a third of the population of 1 ' ans , are demanding cards at the Bureaux de Bienfaisance to enable them to pay their bread , only 20 c . the pound .
SPAIN . We announced last week the formation of a new ministry under the presidency of the Duke de Sotomayor . On the 1 st the new ministers made an exposition of their intende I policy , to the effect , tbat it was the intention of the government to respect the Constitution and the Cortes , and to govern in a lesal and conciliatory manner , but at the same time should disturbances occur , to repress them with a firm hand . The policy of the government would be a purely Spanish eae , though it would , seek to enforce their relations with ether countries , lie promised strict economy , and that it was intended to make such reforms in the tributary system as might alleviate its pressure as much as possible .
A B .-ircel ma letter , of the 28 th of January , says : — "General Breton set out yesterday for ths environs of Berga , where Ros D'Erolles is , with from 259 to 300 men . The appearance of the bold and intrepid chief of tbe Carlist hordes has excited creat alarm . "
PORTUGAL . THE C 1 VJL WAR . According to letters of the 1 st from Lisbon , and of the 2 nd from Oporto , Marshal Sakianba had not yet crowed the Douro to invest Oporto . His head quarters were at Agueda , a town south of the Vouga , about thirty miles from Coimbra . lie had dispersed columns of his army-to take military possession of the province of Beira before he advanced . The old Koyalist General Foveas had accepted from the Jcuta of Oporto the military command ot Beira . lie assumed the commm ; d and raised the white standard of the Junta in Guaid . i , on the 17 th . lie
retired with some troops nn the 22 nd , from the town at the approach of Baron Sulla's division . Oporto was fully prepared for defence and provided with evcrvtbingnecessary for a protracted siege . Conde de Bomfim , Conde de Villa Real , and General Celestino had made an attempt to escape from the Diana frigate ; the attempt was prevented while in the act of escaping . Thirty-nine of the chief officers , includiEg the three just named , were going to be sent to , it was supposed , the coast of Africa , on the 27 th , but the entreaties of the Duchc ? s of Terceira , who featc-d retaliation on her husband , induced the Queen to revoke the order until she again heard her Council of State .
A report has reached us that as thc Iberia lay off Oporto , information was given that the Ytiguelitcs had been entirely dispersed by the Queen ' s tmops . General M'Donald and many chiefs being killed at Soboresa . Another account represents M'Donald ns badly wounded but not dead .
GERMANY . THE FBCSSIAN C 0 XSTITCT 1 ON . On the 3 d instant , the Prussian government published a royal ordinance establishing a general diet , and defining its powers and constitution . No new loans are to be raised , and no new taxes are to be imposed without the consent of the general diet ; but so many limitations are added to these clauses , as almost entirely to destroy tbeir effect . Import , export , and transit duties , local taxes , the revcuues arising from the royal domains , and such indirect taxes as may become the sulject of treaties with foreign states , arc excepted ; and , in case of war , the king reserves to himself the power of levying extraordinary taxes , without consulting thc general diet , should he deem its convocation unadvisable . The princes of the blood are to possess a seat and vote in thc estate of the princes , counts , and lords ot the
general diet . Besides these , tha estate ot the lords is to consist of those members of the German Reiehsiande ( princes and counts of the empire ) who had seats in the Provincial States , of the Silesian princes and noblemen ( SWn «?«/< ei-r <; ii ) , and of princes , counts , and lords , and members of such institutions as are in possession of the right of vota virilia or vota com . ' muuia , and who have seats in the eic , ht provincial diets . The deputies of the lesser nobility ( Ritter schaft ) , the towns , and the rural communities , are to meet in the general diet in the same number as in the provincial diets . When the general oiet is to decide on a proposition of agreeingto new state dcbls , orofimposing new , taxes , or of increasing the existing taxes , the order of peers is to unite with thc other orders in a general deliberation and conclusion . In all other cases , the deliberations and votes of the order of peers wiill proceed from thc particularnssembly of tbe order .
EXECUTION OF A POLISH PATRIOT AT POSEK . We take the following from a Gcrraar . paper : — " Pose . v , Feb . 2 . "On the 9 th of Jannary this year , the mounted endarme Komerkiewicz , from Rogasen , met in the village of Studzeniec , about a mile from thc former place , an unknown man , dressed as a peasant , who was smoking his pipe on the road . The gendarme followed the stranger to the public house in the village , inord » r to call hira to account , and , as his suspicions were awakened , took this opportunity of asking ior bis passport . The stranger delivered np a parcel of papers , which thc gendarme declared unsatisfactory , intimating to him , at the same time , tbat if he were not able to give a better account of himself , he would have him transported to Rogasen . The stranger , who was walking up and down the room behind the
gendarme , who was examining the papers , then drew out a pistol and fired it at hitn . The police servant , struck by the shot , fell slowly to the ground , while the culprit , firing a second pistol at some peasant who rushed into the room on hearing the report , fled across the fields towards a neighbouring wood . Afler having destroyed some papers which he had kept back from the gendarme , and having in vain sought to defend himself with a pistol in one hand and a da « ger in the other , he was ultimately seized by the peasants , and transported to Rotjasen . The gendann ? , Komorkiewicz , died on the 17 th ef January from the effects of thc wound . The culprit , who , according to his own account , was a Polish emigrant from Warsaw , by the name of Anton von Babinski , and a member cf the Democratical Society of Paris , and who had sojourned in the Grand Duchy of Posen since the 4 th of
Van Dieman's Land. Wc Have Newspapers Fr...
January this year , with a view of promoting the objects ot this society , relative to the restoration of Poland , was , in accordance with the Royal decree of 7 th March , 1 S 16 , by order of the undweigned General , placed before a court martial on the 30 th of January , by _ which he was unanimousl y condemned to be shot , for having , with arms in his hands , made a murderous assault upon an officer of justice . Durinpithe exeeutiin , all the troops of the garrison formed an open square towards the cannon shed . The prisoner was led out in front of this building , and a
section of infantry , consisting of twelve men , bavins been ordered forward , took up their position at a distance of five feet from him . His eyes were then bandaged , and he had hardly knelt down before his breast was pierced by twelve balls . Ho fell without a groan . During the trial Babinski seems to have revealed very little , so that it is not yet decided whether the name put forward is the true one . The prisoner died without having betrayed the least weakness ; on the contrary , he repeatedly saluted the people who followed the procession to tho Kanonenplatze .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . By the arrival of the Yorkshire , from New York , and the Fairfield from Charlestown , we learn that in thc senate , on the loth , the bill for an appointment of a lieutenant-general was defeated by a majority of 28 to 21 . The bill for increasing the array was still under consideration . The ways and means have at length reported a bill authorising an issue of twenty-three millions of treasury notes , with the privilege of funding iu a twenty years' loan at C per cent . Thc United States naval forces had captured a town called Lacuna , ant | jn tjie province of Tobasto , wherein were some cannon and munitions of war . As a set off against this success , the Mexicans had recaptured a small port in Upper California , called Los Angclos . The Americans stood asiczs of six days ; at last capitulated to General Florcs , on the 30 th of September .
General Santa Anna is declared by tho new congress duly elected President of the Republic of Mexico . The Mexican papers convey the impression that San Luis is to be thc great battle-ground rf tha war .
Crafted Ffccfciirma
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Tiie Boiler Makers Of Woolwich And Deptf...
TIIE BOILER MAKERS OF WOOLWICH AND DEPTFORD , AND THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . Thc boiler makers of this district with a deputation from the "Land of Promise Lodge , " Lambeth , met at the Shipand Billet Tavern , Woolwich-road , East Greenwich , on-Monday evening , the 8-h" Feb ., to hear the principles and objects of the National Association of United Trades , for the protection of Industry and the employment of Labour , explained by Messrs . Green and Robson , a deputation from the Central Trades Office .
Mr . Jessy Caswell was unanimously called to the chair and said , he had very great pleasure in presiding over so important a meeting . He had much pleasure inintroducing Mr , Green . Mr . Green , —( cheers)—said he was most happy to find the trades at last taking steps in tbe right direction . Thc boiler makers of Glasgow ai : d other places had already given in their adhesion to the National Association , he and his colleague had also addressed a very numerous meeting of boiler makers at Limehouse , about a fortnight since , which meeting had expressed their confidence in the principles ' and objects of the Associations . He believed that all trades would be benefitted bv a Natienal Combination . Ho knew there were some masters who would not concede to the men the right of combination .
The masters' organ , tbe Times , contended for what they were pleased to denominate " Free Labour , " n vw that paper had not had a unioiiiat employed on its establishment for the last Quarter of a century No wonder then , that it desired " Free Labour . " ^ If masters and men were placed on an equal footing , he would not object to this , but masters had capital or accumulated labour to fall back on , whilst the men if thrown out of employ for any length of time , had nothing but hunger , wretchedness , rags , and destitution , and hence the necessity of that natural protection , called combination . National Organization was better than sectional or local union , from its tendency and means of creating > powerful mind in thc working community , as he regretted to say that
ignorance still prevailed to an alarming extent on subjects that vitally affected them . Local leaders had failed to place all trades on one general footing , and to teach the doctrine that " All men are brethren ; "' it was only through national combination that agents could be employed and supported . Thc best proof of the efficiency of national organization was the ticclaration of masters , "that they did not mind their local unions , but that they hated the meddling of monster national associations . " ( Hear , hear . ) Why did not employers mind local associations , simply because when they were overstocked with goods , " they could offer a reduction of wages , and thus thiow the men on their narrow resources and exhaust them , and when business got brisk again
they offered the old prices , and the men went to work . By such means they rendered local or mere sectional unions powerless . Local unions had unfortunately not exhibited much wisdom in their proceedings , they had not calculated the chances of failure previous to striking , and hence the result not unfrcquently was the expenditure of some £ 70 , 000 or £ 80 , 000 , and that too without any benjficial result . In their National Association a careful calculation of chances was made , and if the time was not propitious , the strike was delayed until a more favourable opportunity . Again , national union was lar preferable , in consequence of the facility with which they could create funds , with their organisation it would be easy to raise £ 100 , 000 , which would
place them in the proud position of conquerors , and enable them rightly to employ their labour , and after a strike was won leave them in possession of articles of worth for sale , which would realise a handsome profit on their outlay , and it would be much easier and far less costly for the men to trade than thc masters , as they would not require splendid travelling equipages , or magnificent mansions for residences . —{ Hear , hear . ) Mr . Green then feelingly alluded to the case of oppression of the Warrington enjrincers , by the tyrant capitalists of Newton-in-the-Willows , anil said / national association for mutual protection was thc sure and only preventive of such
inhuman scenes . Their first association wasliterally a trade ' s union , its members subscribing at the rate of two pence per pound on their average earnings , and received supn irt according thereto , when necessity required . The second society was a joint-stock company , in which the first association held numerous shares , and through which means they could > et any trade to work that required it . ( Applause . ) He would now conclude , leaving his friend Robson to give any further explanation required , being at the same time perfectly ready and willing to answer any question that might bo submitted to him . Mr . Green resumed his seat amidst the most rapturous api'ause .
Mr . Ronsox , having invited questions from all interested , proceeded to say that their respected secretary ( Mr . Macnamara ) at the Limehouse meeting put him iu possession of a most valuable suggestion , showing how easy it was to start and support a concern to set the boiler makers trade at work . ( Cheers . ) He now held a document in his hand"Combinations defended , " showing what an immense amount had been spent in paying people to walk about the streets . If we possessed those funds now , we would not content ourselves with walking about thc streets , but > build streets , aye , and in each house have a boiler and an oven , and thus would they calculate their value—so much for the land on whicli thev were built , so rauoh for materials , so much for
labour , aud adding five per cent , interest on the outlay and that would be the cost of the houses . _ And think you the median cs would not sooner live in their own houses —( loud cheers )—and then , should another Manchester strike take place , and Mr . Holmes come and say , 1 want your labour , the answer would be—Wait a while ; stop until we have finifhed our own street . ( Loud laughter and great applause . ) He calculated , under such circumstances , Mr . Holmes would be happy to abide by thc arbitration of even a poor journeyman shoemaker or carpenter . ( Hear , hear . ) In a short time their associations would be in the proud position of being able to accomplish any thing in reason . He would now proceed to show what might be done for the boiler makers . Start a factory , let them appeal to the publican , through him to thc brewer , and tel them in a voice ol thunder , that unless they employ you , the journeymen boiler makers , that the trades of
England will drink none of their beer —( Great cheering)—and if any ot the masters should venture under such circumstances to turn a man oat , they might make a foreman or overseer of him , and thus laugh at the evil genius of the capitalists . A factory micht bs established for boiler makers as easy as cloth might be obtained to employ the tailor , or leather to employ the . cordwaintr . ( Loud cheers . ) Depend on it the < mly way to solve thc great labour question is to create capital and employ ourselves . ( Much applause . ) The monster evil was competition—dishonest competition , and he contended that all honest and virtuous masters ( if any such there were ) would support a national combination in support of such glorious objects . A national combination would create a home trade , instead cf a foreign one , enable them to make shoes , clothes , « fcc , tor themselves instead of for others , and save the expense of transit across the ocean . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Robson sat down much applauded .
Mr . fraey desired to know what benefit he wioum derive in the event of a strike ? Mr . Robson ; As an individual you cannot join the Association for the Protection of Industry , but you can hold shares in the Joint Stock Company for thc Employment of labour . Mr . Tiacyj Suppose we wish to sfrikc . should we be compelled to give notice of it to the Association ?
Tiie Boiler Makers Of Woolwich And Deptf...
Mr . Robson ; "Yes , you wislijj to have support from the general association in tho event ot a strike , it is also necessary in order to give the association an opportunity of employing arbitration between the employed aud the employers ( and arbitration has been found generally vary beneficial ) , and further , it . was of all . things necessary that they should know if they had tho means of gaining the object for winch the strike was contemplated before the strike too place . and which invariably proved the guarantee of success . Mr . tVfcclan said he perceived that an article in their rules specified fourteen shillings per week as the maximum reliefer support allowed , now some of their men earned upwards of £ 2 per week , could the scale be made to approximate more closely ?
Mr . R ' ' bsp .. ; When tbe . Association was formed none ot the best paid trades were with them , hence the present scale was adopted , and as the Central Committee was an executive body , that rule must stand until the next Conference , when it would be in their power to send a delegate , and he had no doubt the scale would be so arranged as to meet the case oi the boiler makers . Mi-. Thoinas Jeffries , of the Land of Promise Lodge , wished a little information relative to the matter of ffiwT . ' . ^' ' He wished to know if , from the time they joined until the time they could send a delegate toconicrencc , would th . y be entitled to Have arbitrator , sent to their masters ? and if so would they bo men who knew nothing about their trade ? lie also thousllt ono remark that fell from Mr . Robson was scarcely worthy a body of unionists thc remark v . as , " we will submit for some time , " he could not help thinking this was giving masters an advantage .
Mr . Robson said there never was a case in which thc agricved party did not accompany the deoutadon of arbitration to the employer . Tho aggrieved narty , of course , understood the technicalities of the tradn , the men of other trades forming the deputation were invariably best calculated to arrange with the employer . As " to the other portion of Mr . Jeffries observation , their great strength lay in calculating their power , and if they had not at the time the means of success , waiting until they had , therefore making failure almost impossible . Mr . Jeffries expressed himself satisfied .
Mr . Wheian , wished to know if they joined the association as a trade , if an individual afterwards joined their society would he bo compelled to wait six months before he could receive any benefit ? Mr . Robson said it was necessary that societies should contribute to the fund before they derived any advantage from it , hence their rule was six months to a society , any individual joining the free society three month ? . They had , under extraordinary circumstances , rendered aid by loan , deputation , & c ., at the expiration of a fortnight , and under similar circumstances might again . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Wheian wished to know if their members decreased would they have fri make up the deficiency if contribution from the funds of their society ? Mr . Robson . —No ; a running account is kept , and allowance made for either decrease or increase of members .
Mr . Short . —Supposing he was placed with an inefficient man , and thus compelled to strike , would he under such circumstances be entitled to support ? Mr . Robson . —Supposing you to be a free member , most decidedly you would , and such support would be rendered you from the moment you turned out . Mr . Jeffries asked , would it be necesia : y to make application to the Central Committee through , th $ ir secretary , if they required assistance ? •' Mr . Robson answered in the affirmative . Mr . Wheian said , other circumstances besides reduction of wages sometimes led to strikes , in sneli cases , would they receive support ?
Mr . Robson . —Most certainly ; there were such things as too many apprentices kept , which was as effective in reducing wages as the cut direct . Mr . Pvobson here took occasion to censure severely the Weekly Dispatch for its article on the Ten Hours Bill , nad aaid . shortenine the hours of labour was an excel-Icntmcans of employing the unemployed , and raising wages , which he illustrated by the case of the Sheffield men , who now got more wages for eight hours ' labour than they previously obtained for sixteen hours . ( Great applause . ) Mr . William Crabbs wished to know , as they would not be free for six months , suppose a strike took place in the mean time , and a portion of the men returned to work , without the object for which they struck being gained , and without the consent of the society , would these men be received as members of the association .
Mr . Robson—Decidedly not . ( Loud cheers . ) He begged them to understand that the associations did not interfere in the local affairs of any society that might join them . Mr . Jeffries wished to know , in the event of a strike taking place , and the union men bringing other men out with them who were not free , would they be supported , seeing they came out for trade purposes ? Mr . Robson said such was the general usage of trades societies , and in order to illustrate what they would do , he would suppose them to be shoemakers , well they received Is , per pair , the Association would give Is . Id . per pair , and interest would bo sure to lead them in the right road . ( Cheers . )
Mr . Wheian then moved — " That the boiler makers now present have heard with pleasure the statements of Messrs . Green and Robson , and are decidedly favourable to tho principles of the Associations for the Protection of Industry and the Employment of Labour , and hereby recommend their brethren throughout the kingdom to hear the same explained , and judge for themselves . " A member seconded the motion , which was carried unanimously . Mr . Thomas Mann moved , in a very compliracn . tary speech , the following : — " That our thanks are eminently due , and are hereby given , toMr . Edmund Stallwood , the reporter to thc " Northern Star , " as well a ? to the editor and proprietor of that Journal , for their able advocacy of the interests of the working classes . "
Mr . Wheian seconded the motion , which was eloquently supported by Messrs . Robson and Green , aud curried amid the loudest acclamations of applause . Mr . Stallwood briefly acknowledged the compliment . A volo of thanks was awarded to Messrs . Green and Robson for tbeir attendance , and a similar compliment was paid to the Chairman , and the meeting dissolved . DAVENTItY SHOEMAKERS . —For thc last three years , with but few intermissions , the Journeymen Shoemakers ef Daver . lry , havo been struggling with our emp ' oyers to maintain a fair remuneration for our labour , and whilst there remained un increasing demand for it , we could partially effect our purpose , this having
ceased to be the case , we are left to submit to the iron arm of oppression , or exercise tlie only prerogative left , viz ., " Take our own affairs into our own hands ., " We have chosen the latter . By a small weekly contribution we have accumulated .- ! few pounds with which we have commenced ( of course in a small way ) a manufactory of our own , thereby fulfilling the old maxim which says , " Virtue thrives best beneath a burden . " Knowing we have still many nillicnlties to contend with , we take the liberty to request tlie insertion of this lettir in tbo Northern Star , in the hope that your many valuable correspondents , someone wil bepliilanthrophic enough to throw some light on the system wears attempting to carry out . > Ve hope that very many shopmates will " go and do likewise . "—Correspondent .
SUBSCRIPTIONS . TO THE ED 1 TOB OP THE " KOBTHERN STAB . " Sir , — As usefulness appears to bo thc peculiar pro . vinoe of your pap ^ r , and to do good the delight of its editor , we hope we shall not apply in vain for tbe insertion of thu following list of subscriptions for the benefit ot the family of the late John Oddy ; for which along with the grateful thanks of the widow and orphans , wo beg to expres our gaateful acknowledgements , and the same to the Northern Star . -West End Boot Makers , by Mr . W . Stewart , XI 1 G ? . ' 4 J . ; Ditto , Harrup-of-lloby ' s meeting , £ 1 Ss . ; Ditto / Messrs . J . Clark and G . Gunning , £ 1 8 s . ; West End Ladies Shoem alters , fcy Mr . J . Smythcs , £ 2 6 s . 5 d . ; City Boot Makers , by Mr . Wingelt , 2 nd Division , £ 3 s . Gs . ; Ditto , Mr . Woodman , 3 rd
Division , £ 3 4 s . 4 d . ; Ditto , Mr . Smith , 4 th Division , £ 2 14 s . Id . ; Ditto , Mr . Bellingham , 5 th Division . 17 s Cd ; From the Employers of thc City , £ 2 13 Cd ; Penzance , !» s ; Dorking , Is ; Stafl ' ord , 5 s lid ; Dover , 10 * . Cd ; Leeds , 7 s ; Shcerness , 4 s 3 d ; Maidstone , lis ; Mr . Thompson of Maidstone , Ss ; Nottingham , 10 s ; Chatham , 18 s ; Greenivich 10 s ; Colleeted by Mr . Knight , Grinder , £ 2 ISsOJd ; Ditto by Mr . Moyne , Grinder , 12 s 5 d ; Ditto , Mr . Barton , Grinder , £ 19 s 6 d ; Ditto , Mr . Davies , Grinder , !> s 7 d ; Ditto , Mr . Cooper , Is lOd ; Ditto , Mr . Glenister , 6-1 ; Ditto , Mr . Dennis Poltency Street , £ 1 5 s . 8 d ; Ditto , Mr . Dennis , Vere Street , 2 s Cd Ditto , Mr . Lcesh , Is 4 d ; Ditto , Mr . Jackson , 3 s ; Ditto , Mr . Doolcy , Bell , Old Bailey , s lljd ; Ditto , Mr . G . Bond , « s ; Ditio , Mr . Gannway , Craw , £ 118 s 8 d ; Ditto , Mr . Charles Burnley , £ 1 Hs Sd ; Di « o , Mr . Vidler , £ 1 9 s 03 ; DUtO , Mr . Ilolli .
flay , Xt 3 s 6 d ; Dirto , Mr , Winter , XI ; Ditto , By a Few Friends , 19 s ; Ditto , Mr . Taylor , Sun , 15 s ii ; Ditto , Mr . Burrell , Bull and Month , 13 s 2 d ; Ditto , Mr . Alderson , Woolpack , 8 s 8 d ; Ditto , Mr . T . Fancey , Caledonian , Ditto , by the Weaver ' s Arms , 2 s 6 d ; Ditto , J , Bryant , 13 s ; Ditto , Mr „ J . Spencer , 8 s . 9 d ; Dito . Mr . W . Weaton , 8 s ; Ditto , Mr . Cnrtwright , 4 s 3 d ; Ditto , Coroner ' s Jury , lis ; Ditto , Mr . Brecson , 13 s 43 ; Ditto , Mr . Ktiipe , Milton-street , Cs ; Ditto , The Piiilanthrophic at th $ Wilmington Arms , £ 2 ; Ditto , Mr . Price , Is 8 d ; Dittos-Mr J . Wilson , Is . Ditto , Mr . J . Long , 3 s . 4 jd ; Ditto , Mr . T . Ksuson , Is ; Ditto Blue Last , Is ; Ditto , Mr . K . Frost , Is ; Ditto , Mr . Barrait , Is 4 d . There are two persons who have got subscriptions in their hands . We hope the same will be given up witiiout compelling us to take other steps for tbat purpose . JohnWalksrmnE . tuomas spekcec .
Kidskt Potatoes.—Such Is The Extreme Sca...
Kidskt Potatoes . —Such is the extreme scarcity of thc ash-leaf kidney potatoes , that the extraordinarily high priee of one guinea n bushel was obtained for five bushels intended for seed , at Windsor on Saturday .
The Ten Hours' Bill. R N .* Orrosmos Of ...
THE TEN HOURS' BILL . r n . * orrosmos of thk mihociucy . i it WC V meeting of the millowners of Manvr WM ? d DeAehbo «« -hood was held at the office of r ™ " , l ^ , i | " . II « Mi . Princess-street , at which it was hti \ 2 t k ? S , " ' strenuous opposition to the I khonvfe f ! fi Pa - ' ament for r « ng thc hours McS R . H rv , A d <*« tat ! on , consisting of on and \ Jl ' Um ^ AsWorth Thomas Ashton , and several other millowners , was appointed to £ SSS . wMia - ' » -5 * - ** MEETING OF DELEGATES .-On Wedncsdav amect 1 n Softhewh ., lcol the delegates torn the matiufaoturing districts was held at the Craven Hotel , Ci-ayen-street , Strand . Mr . John Fie den was in thc chair . Resolutions to thc following effect were unanimously adopted : —
" That theinost grateful thaanks of this meeting arc due and hereby given to Lord John Mann-rs , M . P ., for the very able aud efficient support he has uniformly given tho Ten Hours Bill ; but more especially for tho able , comprehensive , and unanswerable speech , delivered in the House of Commons this afternoon in favour of tho second reading of Mr . Fielden's bill . "That thc whole of the delegates who feel themselves authorised b y their instructions to do so remain in London till Wednesday next , to promote the passing of tho second reading of the Bill now before Parliament , "That Mr . Matthew Bohnbe appointed to go to Halifax , to inquire into the proceedings connected with tbe recent working of eleven hours a day , and tho reasons tor returning to twelve hours , and any other facts he may think necessary tjr the purpose of answering the statements made by the Right Honourable Sir Charles Wood , M . P .
That the most cordial , hearty , and grateful thanks of the delegates be given to tbe Bight Hon . Lord Ashley and Mr . Fielden , for their uniform assuidity in promoting this most laudable measure for the benefit of the working classes . " That it is tho unanimous declaration of this meeting , that the effect of this measure on the question of wages has been fairly put to the working classes , at 21 meetings held in as many largo towns in tbe manufacturing districts : Are you prepared to accept the Ttn Hours Bill , regardless of its effects upon wages V This answer was unanimously ' Y « s ; ' and that , therefore the declaration of Mr . Bright , and this was not done , is without foundation , and in every sense of the word untrue . "
The thanks of the delegate having been given to Mr . Fielden , for presiding over the deliberations , the delegates separated .
Richard Oastler, Esq.
RICHARD OASTLER , ESQ .
To The "Electors Of Manchester . Gentlbm...
TO THE "ELECTORS OF MANCHESTER . Gentlbmev , —I think you will not charge me with impertinence , when I appeal to you , against that which I conceive to be injustice on the part of a gentleman who is seeking the honour of representing you in Parliament . Mr . Bright is a perfect stranger to me . lie has , however , thought me worthy of his notice . In the Manchester Examiner of the 12 th ult ., it is stated that Mr . Bright , when addressing the electors of the Chorlton-upon-Medlcck district , on the 7 th ult ., said : —
" There was another question , on which somepersens in this townfelt deeply , an
and the elder for reading and amusement . There w « s no man in Manchester more anxious to see such a state of things than he was . For any one to suppose that he was not a friend to education , whether privateer public , or that he would not do all he could to advance and increase the intelligence of the people , was an' indication that the individual , forming such an idea , knew knowing whatever about his ( Mr . Bright's ) private or public character . ( Much cheering . ) It might be said that the working classes were willing to risk a reduction of wages . Why , we wereall willing to risk the danger which we did not believe in . AH who had a'tended the meetings addressed by Mr . Fielden . Mr , Oastler , or Mr . Fenand , must have heard them bring forward arguments to convince thc working classes that
there would bo no reduction ' in wages . Now , he could not conceive a guilt more dreadful than that ofaman coming before a lar-e audience of the working classes—unless he had first deceived himself—( hear , hear)—for the purpose of endeavouring to persuade them that they might work ten hours a day instead of twelve , and that by some sort of act of parliament jugglery they could have twelve hours' wages for ten hours' work . ( Much cheering . ) And it must be borne in mind that the individuals who were preaching these things to working men had never shown any extraordinary sagacity hitherto on public questions . Mr . Fielden himself had been no great advocate for thc repeal of the corn laws ; ( hear , hear , ) he never supported , but always derided the league . Had Mr . Oastler done anything in favour of freeing the industry ot the country ? ( Cheers . )
II « d Mr . Feirand proved himself , by his votes , to be a particular lricnd of the working man ? ( Great laughter and applause . ) Unless you could prove that twelve hours' wages would be given for ten hours ' work , you have proved nothing whatever . ( Cheers . ) For the man to attempt to improve the condition of the working classes , to enable them to educate their children better , to make their homes more comfortable , and to render them independent , by diminishing their wages one-sixth or one seventh , was to go in the opposite direction to that in which he professed to be travelling . ( Much cheering . )" I insert the " cheeis , " Ac , as 1 find them in the report . They show thc importance attached to Mr . Bright ' s statements by the electors whom he was addressing . No doubt , his hearers believed his statements , ai . d that he was prepared to support them in presence of the accused .
Observing that Mr . Bright was disposed " to discuss this question in the calmest and most friendly spirit , " 1 proposed to meet hira , in public discussion , at the Free Trade Hall , in Manchester , to maintain the following propositions , by facts and by arguments -. — " 1 st . That it is a delusion to suppose that the factory children can be educated under the present system of twelve hours' daily labour . '' 2 nd . That it is a fallacy ' to suppose that a reduction ef the hours of labour from twelve to ten per day will cause a reduction of 'one-sixth or oneseventh ' in thc wages of persons whose labour is thin reduced . " I concluded my letter to Mr . Bright in the following words : —
"I shall not shrink , if you require it , from entering into a comparison of our respective ' sagacity on public questions , ' nor from answering your query , ' Had Mr . Oastler done anything in favour of freeing tho industry of the country ?' "In 'the spirit of calmness and friendship' lam prepared to meet you . Truth is my aim . I think I am fortified thereby . " I did not suppose that a gentleman , who , while soliciting the honour of your votes , deemed it advisable to inform you that I was misleading the working classes and deceiving myself , or , committing a crime than which "he could not conceive a guilt more dreadful , " I say , I could not have imagined , that , under such circumstances , any gentlemen could decline to hear my defence , in your presence , on being respectfully invited so to do .
I was disappointed . Mr . Bright has refused my reasonable request . He says , "I will discuss the question in the House of Commons , "—not before the public in Manchester . For this refusal to meet me , before you , he hopes " 1 shall not think him wanting in respect to myself . Be it so . The " want of respect" is towards himself , towards you , whom he was addressing—and towards the working classes , whom , ( in my absence ) he charges me with misleading . The path to truth is by calm , friendly , free discussion . Mr . Bright prefers to " backbite" in public , and then to seek for " protection" from the arguments of the accused " in the House of Commons . " This is not a mark of honesty .
I refer you to thc correspondence I have had with Mr . Bright on this subject . Yon will find it in The Ten Hours' Advocate of this day and of thc 16 th instant . I have done what I can to persuade my accuser to meet me , in the presence of those before whom he slandered me . He positively declines . From Mr . Bright I now appeal to you . He , I am persuaded , cannot show cause for changing the venue from Manchester to Westminster . 1 . cannot pee why he should object to you as a jury . I am satisfied that yon , and those for whom you hold the suffrage , ( the publication of tho charges in the Manchester Examiner informed yon of Mr . Bright ' s charges , ) should bo my judges . Mr . Bright must prove that you are unworthy , before he can obtain another jury .
Circumstances favour him . He is said to be without parallel , your favourite . V am , comparatively , a stranger , of whom most of you have been taught to think unfavourably . He has , decidedly , tho most popular side of the question . I shall be compelled to bring strung facts and arguments before you , 1 shall require your deliberate and thoughtful attention ; still , I am content to abide the result . I am confident in the truth of my case . I do not doubt your patience and cant ) 2 ur ' > * ara not without hope that 1 may convince Mr . Bright of the truth of the two propositions I would maintain . If so , a great advance will have
To The "Electors Of Manchester . Gentlbm...
been made towards the reconciliation of the { Employers and thc employed—whose real interest , 1 am sure , ia identical . Electors of Manchi'Ster ! I appeal to you . I am told upwards of 5 , 000 of your number , have pledged your votts to ray accuser ; of course , on the supposed truth of his speeches delivered among you . He is ihen bound , by as solemn a pledge , as yours to him , n your presence , if they require it , to discuss the questions he has raised , with those whom he accused . 1 am one of them . I desire to meet my accuser , in your presence . I ask you to give me the opportunity . My condition is , fkek access for all . Of course , that time will bo fixed , when all who wish canattend . Other arrangements I leave to be settled by a committee from your body , and to the Short Time Committee of Manchester . 1 remain , Gentlemen , Your obedient servant , Hicbakd Oastler .
London , Jan . 30 th , 1847 . F . S . I disclaim all party feeling . I hare none . Mr . Bright has forced this intrusion . I have searched for truth . I believe I have found it . I would " test" it against Mr . Bright ' s theory and argument .
Accidents In Collieries In Lancashire. A...
ACCIDENTS IN COLLIERIES IN LANCASHIRE . A tew days aoo , one of those " visitations" oo « curred at Squire Fletcher ' s pits , Clifton , between Boltun and Manchester , when three men and one boy were killed . I was informed that one of the deceased had left a wife and live children , and another the same number , besides his wife being pregnant again . The accident ( so called ) , happened in a pit that had been worked before , and where they were finking tho shaft , to another seam below the one that had been previously worked . Thc masters had neglected to close the mouth of the old pit , and hence tlw gas escaped . The public may ask , " could this misfortune have been prevented ? " I reply , " Yes—if the master had only expended a few shillings in bricksand mortar to have entirely walled up the old pit . The following accidents have occurred
within a lew years at Stone Clou ^ h Colliery , near Ringly , the property of Messrs . Stott and Knowlcs : —Abraham Fox , coal falling down the pit j Thomas Grundy , fall of coals ; Thomas ; Iley wood , tumbled out of tub going down the pit ; Edward Bollough , tailing down the pit ; John Smith , fall ol coals ; James Barnes , fall * f coals ; Thomas Bradshaw , fall of dirt ; Edward Kilcs , black damp ; Robert Taj lor , by the engine slipping out of gear ; Abraham Floyd , fall af dirt ; Richard Boardman , do . ; William Quick , by a blast ; William Holiday , fall of dirt ; William Lindley , do . ; Acton Fox , burnt ; A . Welshman , do . ; Joseph Fox , drowned ; William Lee , do , ; Robert Seddon , explosion ; Thomas Hootun , do . ; An Engi < neer , by fly-wheel ; John Hunt , explosion ; Thomas Westerns , fall of coal ; — Sixsmith , by falling down the pit ; George Turner , fall of dirt . —There may have beet < several others hilled at this place , but I had not . time to make further enquiry .
Buoad Oak Colliery , Park , near St . Helehs . — Henry Twist , aged fourteen years , John Thomason , aged fourteen , John Mercer , aged fifteen , and another boy , whose name and age I did not ascertain , were burnt to death in consequence of an explosion at tlie above pit ; besides four others , who were dreadfully burnt , some of whom are not expected to recover . Ag a matter of course , a coroner ' s inquest was held , and 1 need not record tbe verdict of the jury , for . all your readers can tell tbat it was " accidental , " of course . Every care had bsen taken by the Messrs . Burns and Robinson , the owners of the colliery , also , by their agents , and more than all that , the boys had been repeatedly cautioned not to go into this place with a lighted candle .
Laffoq Collikry , near St . Uulens . —On the 30 th ult ,, another explosion occurred when six boys were burnt . The old tune is chimed forth again , nobody but the boys arc to blame . It is all nonsense ; those places could have been ventilated , and would have been , if there had beeiigovernnicat agents to inspect them .
Dreadful [Death Through Misapplication O...
DREADFUL [ DEATH THROUGH MISAPPLICATION OF MEDICINE . An inquest was held on Tuesday night at the Golden Ball , Snow Hill , before William Payne , Esq . Coroner , and an intelligent Jury , to inquire into the circumstances by which the late Mr . Daniel Nicholls Brough , son of the proprietor of the Ram Inn , Smitiifield , came by his death . Considerable excitement prevailed both in the inquest room and out of doors , { in consequence of rumours that thc deceased had , on the one hand , come by his death from a blow which he had Received from one of two men , who followed him and his companion , Mr . Nash , into the Golden Ball , nnd entered Into an altercation with them ; and on the other , by a too strong dose of ammomaciilliquor , which had been administered to ) him in ignorance .
Albert Serlc examined—Is assistant in tho bar of the Golden Ball , and knew the deceased , Daniel Nicholls Brough , who was a commercial traveller , and ^ lived on the premises where the inquest was being held . Deceased , on Saturday morning last , about [ eight o ' clock , was standing outside tha bar , and witness was inside . Deceased , just before eight o ' clock , came into the shop , in company with Mr , Nash , who was a frietul of his , and followed by two men whom he wished , ' to leave the house , but who refused , saying that they were asked in by Mr . Nash . They went in to the parlour , and witness on looking in saw one of the men put his hand into Mr . Nash ' s pocket . Witness told him that would not do there , and he subsequently saw the > ame man shaking hands with Mr . Nash and trying to get the ring on
his finger . The other man was standing at the bar , and deceased went out of the house to call a policeman . The man at tho bar asked him what he wanted to give them in charge for , and his reply wag , that he did not want to give them in charge but only to get them out of thc house ; whereupon one of the men exclaimed , " I'll knock your daylights out , " and struck him a blow on the eyes . Deceased fell against the partition , which supported him , or he must have fallen altogether down , and his hat was knocked off . Deceased went out to call a policeman , and Mr . Phillips , the landlord , was called dowa stairs . The policeman declined entering the house , until he saw one of the men take a shoe from his pocket , and threaten to strike Mr . Phillips . He then entered , and removed both the men from the
house . Deceased and Mr . Nash subsequently went cut together , and deceased soon after returned and went to bed . Deceased came down stairs about two o ' clock , '; and Mr . Southwooil , a friend , soon after came to witness at the bar , and obtained a small stone bottle from him , in which ho brought some medicine for the deceased , lie ( Mr . Southwood ) poured this medicine into a glass , and administered it to tho deceased . It was white in appearance , The moment deceased drank it he exclaimed , " Oh . God ! my throat is burned . " He seemed to suffer much , mid Mr . Southwood ran to Mr . Builen , from whom he had received the ; medicine . That gentleman attended , and administered a white powder to the deceased , remarking to him , " Oh , my boy ! you are all right now "
By the Jurv . —Deceased had been out all the previous ni « ht from about eleven o ' clock , and returned to the Golden Ball about eight o'clock in the morning , fallowed by thc two strange men before described . —[ One of the men has been since taken up , by Inspectors Scott and Joy . ] Mr . William Southwood , of No . 4 , Portsmouthplace , Lincoln's Inn-fields , an ivory-turner , deposed tbat he knew the deceased , in whose company he was at the Golden Ball , on the previous night , up to eleven o ' clock . Witness saw him the next day also at the Golden Ball , and he complained of being ill . Witness said that he himself had been often relieved in sickness , by " ammonia , " and advised him to take a little ; whereupon deceased gave him twopence to procure him some , and he went to Mr . Bullen's , of Farringdon-strcet , and got the ammonia from a young man in thc shop . Witness received the medicine in a stone bottle , which he had previously obtained at the bay of thc Golden Ball , from the last witness .
By a Juror . —When you applied for the ammonia did you state what it was for , ov who it was for ? Witness . —No . Juror . —Did you take the same quantity yourself ? Witness . —I did , when sick . The Coroner here explained that the witness meant the same quantity as to the money price , but not as to strength . Mr . James Harris , assistant to Dr . Builen , deposed that at about two o ' clock a man came to him and asked for twopennyworth of liquor ammonia .
Witness ashed him it he required it strong , knowing it was a medicine in the administration of which caution should be exercised ; ko measured , font fiu \ $ drachms into the atone bottle and gave it to the man The witness here described the various uses of ammonia , that amongst other properties it was a caustic , and in such strength and quantity a strong poison . He added that he would not have sold it to the mas in such quantity and strength had he believed he wanted it as a medicine , and that ho was deceived by the stone bottle into a belief that it was for some purpose connected with the arts , in which it was much employed .
Doctois Builen and Lynch were respectively examined , and they detailed the poisonous effects of the liquor ammonia , when administered in a larga dose . They agreed that the deceased had come by his death in consequence of the burning effects on theepiglotis , and other organs connected with tho throat . One of the jurors , however , was not satisfied , and wished to have a post mortem examinatioa made , which , at the request ot the Coroner , Doctors Lynch and Builen forthwith performed , several of the Jurors being present . t The result satisfied them that the inflammatory action of the ammonia was the cause of tbo death , and the Jury returned a verdict accordingly , observing that "the ammonia was administered in ignorance , and that the death was therefore accidental . "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 13, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13021847/page/7/
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