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INDEPENDENT'ORIXEROF U^ *^ BROTHERS[ (LEICESTER UNITY).
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TE^^PpSf- • $P& -,: iY|SA|'B^^^^pKIBER 13, 1845.
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' ¦m&WG Qm&B?MD HIS BELGIAN TOUR. "j -''...
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MORE OF "IRELAND'S RUIN:" OR THB BLESSED...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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Independent'orixerof U^ *^ Brothers[ (Leicester Unity).
INDEPENDENT'ORIXEROF U ^ *^ BROTHERS [ ( LEICESTER UNITY ) .
Ad00402
IMPORTANT IO WOBKING HEX . SELF-I 5 TEREST being the first law of nature ( and through life we find this the one grand ruling principle—neither is it wrong , if not carried out to an improper extent ) , in these days of incertitude it behoves every man to have a thought for the future—to make some provision for the time of sickness , want of employment , and such like contingencies to which man is liable , ^ he ' tarious socie'U-sformedfor this purpose are amongst lie foremost , esufeSshedbythephUaatliropist of-our day ; the greatest good has accrued from them ; but the most ntominent stands the various Secret Orders ; the prin-« aple on whK * they are bound gives them ^ superiority above all other siinilar insnjlriaas . Yarieus are their - titles and sigaificatioiis ; and various are the modes of carrying out their designs ; tat perhaps there are none which shiae so conspicuous or more bceeficial than the "Ef DSraSDBrlT ORDER OF TOITEO BROTHERS . " It is au institution that will be found to possess in every way equal , and in some respects superior , advantages to any other society of its clsss . Its laws being based upon the pure "principles of democracy , ana past experience having taught the lesson that public-house meetings tend ratberao injure than-otherwise , the members of this © rderxre not allowed to hold their Lodges at such places ; aeithW are intoxicating drinlcs al'owed at them ; but , on the other hand , they are not restricted to teetotalism . T-hS'Order has met die feelings of a great portion of our population ; hence its rapid rsrogress . To snch , then , who wish to appropriate their money to a really useful purpose , who wish to mate a provision for sickness and 1 < Bstress , and to be conveyed in a decent manner to that "" bourne from whence no traveller returns , " without the « id of a palish , « i of being under any obligation to friends ¦ « or . charitable persons , this Order affords every facility . TTie regular contributions amount to 9 d . per fortnight , for which a member , when sick , receives 10 s . per week ; - £ 10 Is also given on the death of a member , and JE 5 at the tleath of a member ' s w 2 is ; and , by paying a smalt aduitional contribution , the gifts at the deaths will be doubled . All necessary information may be obtained by applying to the following persons , viz . : — John IVindlej . printer , Church-gate , leiccster . " "William Colver , Dryden-stn-et , ditto . David Abell , brushmanufiicturei' , vfestgate-street , Gloucester . Edward Jenncns , Freeman-street , Birmingham . TTilKain Parker , tailor , Jledditch . Tlwmas Knight , Mandy-street , Derby . "William Robinson , Shearsby , South Leicestershire , "William Clarke , sail cloth manufacturer , KewarS . "William Pike , tailor , Porter-street , ShefBeld . Samuel Boonham , Nottingham . And at the various Ledge-houses in the different parts of the country .
Ad00403
IMPORTANT TO "WORKING MEN UNDER FORTY TEARS OF AGE . Look to tlte interests of yourselves and families ; hasten and join t / iat flourishing institution , the " United Patriots' iJcnvjfit Society , enrolled and empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over the United Kingdom . TEE Society is on anew , jet correct principle , and is the only Benefit Society legalised with the privilege of establishing branches , appointing sub-secretaries , having sub-committees , < fcc . Look around at the numerous uuenrolled societies in particular , ever breaking up , and men , after being memhers from twenty to forty years , who have looted forward in the hopes of having a something like superannuation money to keep starvation from their doors , being cast aside to the tender mercies of a Poor Law Hostile . Remember , in the midst of life yon are in -death , that you . know not what an hour may bring forth . ; ( hen , working wen , join this Society , make it truly a nation ?! one , to number not only thousands but millions . Unite , cause it to extend throughout tlie length and breadth of the land . The government of the Society is in the hands of tlie members , every branch being empowered by the rules to manage its own local affairs . The Society is in four divisions for its members to receive according to their payments the following benefits : — £ S . d . £ s . d . In Sickness per week Irom ... 0 9 0 to 0 18 0 Death of Member 10 O g O to SO 0 0 Death of Wife or nominee ... 5 0 0 to 10 0 0 ^ Fife's Lwig-ia 1 0 0 to 2 0 0 Loss by Fire 10 0 0 to 15 0 0 Superannuation per week ... 0 4 0 to 0 6 0 Contributions per calendar ) month for Sickness and > 014 to 027 Management . J levies according to the demands on each division per quarter . - _ Entrance according to age , from two shillings and eighipence to nine shillings aud tivopeuce . Weekly Meetings at the London Society House , Brown Bear Tavern , Broad-street , Bloomsbury , every Tuesday evening , at eight o'clock . Persons can enroll at the Society House any day by paying the entrance money . The following is a list of the Branches , Xamesof the Sab-Secretaries , Places of Meeting , and Comities situated In at present , forming limbs of this groning aud gigantic Society , where persons can be entered any time by the Sub-Secretaries at their residence , or at the Branch Souses : — Atherstone , "Warwickshire , Holly Bush Inn , Longstreet ; Sab-Secretary ' , IV . Smith , Bingham ' s-row . Alchester , Warwickshire , Globe Inn ; Sub-Secretary , TV . Spooner , Xeedlemaker . Bristol , Somersetshire , Angel Tavern , H gfcstreet ; St . Phillip ' s and Cannon Tavern , Cannon-street , St . James ; Sub-Secretary , S . Jacobs , Bookseller , IS , Upper Maudlin-street , St . Michael ' s-hill . Bath , Somersetshire , Grapes Tavern , VVcstgate-street : Sab-Secretary , W . Young , 17 , Phillip-street . Bnmhaui , Bucks , Sun Inn ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brittain , Cbalvcy . Blandfdrd , Dorset , T . Saunders , jun ., Upholsterer , Salisbury-street . Braintree , Esses , Temperance Coffee House ; Sub-Secretary , T . Handle . Cog ^ esiiall , Essex , Chappell Inn ; Sub-Secretary , J . Burrows , Upper Sfoneliam-street . JJavcnlry , SorfliKnipioiisiiire . Lion and lamb Inn , Market-place ; Sub-Secretary , G . Ashweil , Cabiuet-maker , < Scorse-svreet . Halstead , Essex , " White Horse Tun , Parsonage-lane ; Sub-Secretarv , 11 . Payne , S'lk worker , Tan-yard . Hethjerley , . Bucks , Oue Piii Iim ; Sub-Secretary , J . ItOEG . Xonvjch , Xorfolk , Coffee and Eating Rooms , Princesstreet ; Sub-Secretary , It . Hov . se , FcUmongers' Arinsyard , Oak-street , St . Martin ' s . Pimiieo , Ljndun , Builders' Anns , Vauxhall-hridgoroad ; Sub-Secretary , T . Sau . . ers , Bookseller , 14 , St . Leonard-street , Be : grarc-ro :: d . Reading , Barks , W " oo ' p : ick Inn , Broad-street ; Sub-Sccreiarv , G . Vv " . Wheeler , SO , Coley-sirect . Ilecku-cii Green , Sor . K-rsstiHre , Clock Inn , Bridgestreet ; Sub-Secretary , T . Hewctt , Xbrtli-slreet . Sicugh . Bucks , iUjiuDetrlnn ; Sub-Secretary , B . Brittain , Uricklayer , Ciialvey . Sudl u .-y , Saifolk , llosn Ian , North-street ; Sub-Secretary , W . Outing , Tea Bsaler . Xovth-stvcet . Sheffield , Yorkshire , Three Cranes Inn , Qaeen-strcet ; Sub-Secretary , G . Hall , S , Corn-bill . South Ockenuon , Esses , Old King ' s Hej > l Inn , Higbstrcet ; Sub-Secretary , IV , G . llorncastle , Commercial Academr . Welln ^ ton , Somersetshire , King ' s Arms Inn , Higlish-eet ; Snli-Secretarr , "W . Bowcraiau , Boolniaktr , llockwell-green . "Wellingborongl :, Xorlhamptonsliire , Cross Keys Ian , High-street ; $ sb-Secretary , C . Knight , Gardener , East End . "Windsor , Berk =, Crispins' Inn , Thames-street ; Sub-Secretary . W . S . Batlcock , C « -i-i > eutcr , Love-lane . High Wycombe , Bucks , Bell Ian , Canall ; Sub-Secretary , James Chapaiau , Temple End . Wimblcduii . Surrey , Casilelnn , Church-street ; Sub-Secretary , E . J . Ilolley , Pa-nter , Ivy-place . Wcahaston . near Halesworih , Suffolk , Compasses Inn ; Sub-Secretary , Thomas Fuunell , Acadumy , opposite the Chnnli . Blai ; k furras and iaformstion for the admission of country members can be obtained by applying to ' . be Sub-Secretaries at llic-ir residences , or at Ihe hiiincSi Jiouses . Information for funning branches , ? ppoia :: ng S : ib-S . cret-iries , ie ., can be obt-iined by ; loiter , pie-paid , < iiclt > si-: i - jMstase staap for return letter , or tliive postage ^ l . tiiijis : « -r f .. i : ! . && . directed to D . "W . lla . Ty , Gca « -a ! Stc " - e : ary , L-judca CSice , 13 , Tottenham-court , ICcw j-oad , Si . Panrras .
Ad00404
IMPORTANT TO HE ALTHY MEN' PROit FOIiTV TO PIFTY-r iVB YEARS OF AGS . The United Patriarchs ' Benefit Socieiv , including Jileiical Attendance and Medicine . Ecvollcd and Empowered by Act of Parliament to extend over lite United Ki . igdo-u . fTlIiE want of a Soc-isty of this nature must be evident j _ to every nvrsor . who may have neglected providing sgninsi the calamities of life iu their youth . It is in Four l ? his : ons , alter the luaunrr of the United Patriots ' , iiavicij ill * sams Bcnelis , e 3 Cej ; i that of Lyin-K ^ -in . 5 "his Society is Established at lie same London Office , and nt tlie same C . « m : ; ry Houses iu the same towns . It also has the same Oiheers for its Agents , < tc . The Contributions are on the same scale per lunar month . Blank forms and information for the admission of country members can be obtained at any time by applying to tlie Agents , Jfcc ., at their reiidenees , or at tlie Jneelbsghouses . Alio information for ibnuing Lotv . Hlics , appointing Agents , iletlicjil Auenda & s , &« .. era ua obtained by letter , pre-paid , en-• losiiig j- "js :.-tge stamps for rett : ni letter , or three ]) ostage « anspsfor form . & c . Biiect , Mr . 1 ) . AV . Piufiy , London Ofiiee , 5 o . 13 T-jtieafcam-court , Eew-road , St . Pancras .
Ad00405
RETISIXG BARRISTERS . A MANUAL of ihs LAV and PRACTICE of BEGIS--ii TIIIT 10 X rf V 0 T 2 US - « England and Wales , ^ der ^^ a of YMin : , iV ^ ea . io and S : Victoria , Kwlll ™ T - :,:: Ihe : ccc :: i A l-i , ? al C : ' Si ; s - r * S ^ frT- ^ 3 7 ^ " - FH « ioX C ^ en «»—l ^ ,, Luw -Jt « sssj ,. .-r , & c ., 19 i , i'itct -strfxi .
Ad00406
LESSONS IN MLLliINEK 3 f > AND DRESS--.-. "" Ms & . 'KINGiiiiu fniifj . atfJ si r . iii' MADAME QALLIOS ; . ^^ Hr ^ alal ^ KnMJKI her superior meth * 6 ji of ^ athm ^ the !^; of / tiKssi ilaking . She undertakes to mkke persons ofin ^ snitdlesi capacity proficient . in ^ Cutang , Ftrfeg ? afnd B ^ ectiling ' , i ' n the most finished s ^ leyin « ii : Lessqtis ;? 6 r ; 'bhe ^ ounai Her superior metfii 3 ^ eaft'l > e' ^ u ^^^ s ^^ ated * D } ' references to pnpUs / Sna Hit ' never beeii " equalled . bi ^ Saj competitor . -j , ™>^ » - «; l oJ ^ q-Jii ?*; ; V ];^ r & ^ pPracKceh ^ u rsWom ' eleveWM-fo ^ ,: r ¦ < . .-,. t -..--,,,. . . . s ,, ¦ „ , tivi : ; -i ;< . l V ! l- ! : ' -
Ad00407
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF-THEl'WEST ^ END CHARTIST : HAllii" «' ' ^ m . . . < . i AT A PUBLIC ^ ffiBTlSG of ^ ShareMdeK , | eld Sept ; ' 7 th , 1815 ; it was agreed fi ^ ' ^"' -11 "' --"Thatpersons applying tojMr . Shackleton , at No , 1 , Tuvnagaiu-lane , Skinner-street , ' Snow-hill , should have the money returned that is due to each . All claims must be made as soon as convenient , for none will be attended to after three months from this date ; after which all money remaining in hand vrill be given to the Veteran Patriots'Fund . "
Ad00408
dARE ON SPINAL DISEASE . THIS day is published , price 2 s . Cd ., CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may be obtained by close attention and perseverance in some of the most chronic and unpromising instances of spinal deformity ; with eighteen engravings on wood . By Sahoel Hake , M . It . C . S . London : John Churchill , Princes-street ; and may be had of all booksellers .
Ad00409
EMIGRATION TO THE CAPE OF GO OD HOPE . 171 REE PASSAGE ; under the sanction of Government . The undersigned are authorised by her Majesty ' s Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners to grant a free passage to the above eminently healthy and prosperous Colony to married Agricultural Labourers , Shepherds , Male and Female Domestic and Farm Servants , Bricklayers , Carpenters , Masons , and Smiths , of sober and industrious character . The demand for labour at the Cape is urgent , and is well remunerated in wages , provisions , clothing , and lodging . All particulars will be furnished on application , per * sonally , or by letter , to John Marshall and Co .. 26 , Birchin-lane , Cornhill , London ; or 79 , High-street , Southampton .
Ad00410
THE QTJEEN ! TBIUMPH FOB THE PICTORIAL TIMES ! _ rrWE FULL LENGTH -aa-Sg— X PORTRAIT of Her Ma-% & g £ B $ > jesty QUEEN VICTORIA in aaSSs s ^^ ifr-om ker Robes of State ( size 20 in . / B & flB @ ¥ fm $ ilA ^ 15 ^ ' exquisite !? engraved , ^^ sSlSSe ^ SSSKE ^ and equal to prints Sold at i ^ i ^^ P ^^ ^* ve Guineas , will be issued ^ M ^^^^^ M ° » SATURDAY , SEPT . 20 th . mal ^ ^^^^ i ^^ K . Tbe Pictoeial Times of that ^^ ^ M ^^^^^ pBS g . day . ' will also contain an ori-^^^^^ S ^ SJ ^^ S ^ ginal History of the Illustri-^^^^ f ^^ H ^^^ ous House of Brunswick , with -JBiSSjglajg & Jigjp Illustrations of the principal ^ S jt ^^ events of the present reign , £ V | S EVERY LOVER of his ^* ¥ ^ SOVEREIGN and COUNTRY SHOULD POSSESS THIS GRAND NATIONAL PICTUBE . Orders ouhgt to be immediately given to any Bookseller er Newsvendor in the Kingdom . The Price of the Engraving , with the paper , will bo Oke Sniu . i » o , or both can be forwarded free of expense to any party remitting 13 postage stamps to tlie publisher , C . Evans . OFFICE , 351 , STRAND , LONDON .
Ad00411
AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , 9 G , Waterloo-road , Liverpool . THE Subscribers continue to despatch first-class Packets to NEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , MONTREAL , PHILADELPHIA , NEW ORLEANS , and ST , JOHN'S , N . B . They are also Agents for the New Line of New York Packets , comprising the following magnificent ships : — Tons . To Sail . HorriNGnEB 1150 6 th September . LrvEBPooL 1150 6 th October . Who have also , For New York St . Patrick 1150 tons , „ „ Republic 1100 „ „ „ Empire 1 * 200 „ „ „ Sheffield 1000 „ „ Boston Lama 1000 „ „ Philadelphia ...... Octavius 900 ' „ „ New Orleans Geo . Stevens 800 „ „ „ Thos . H . Perkins ... 1000 „ Passengers going to the "Western States and Canada can know the actual outlay to reach an v important point on the Lakes and Hirers by ootaining one of Tapscott ' s Emigrant's Travelling Guides , which can be had by sending postage stamps for the same to George Rippard and Son , and 'William Tapscott , as above .
Ad00412
COLOSSEUM . P ATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPES DAILY from Ten till Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various branches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to sis exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of tlie first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Pan-is , & c . Admittance , 3 s . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , tbe most magnificent of all the temples which nature has built for herself in the regions of night , Is . extra , EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight till Eleven , consists of an entirely new pauorama of London by night , erected in front of tho day picture , the largest iu the world , comprising 46 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out by Mr . "W . Brad-veil , and painted by Mr . Dansou and Mr . Telbin . Tbe Caverns , Mont Blanc , and Torrent by night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , brilliantly illuminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed by Sir . Bradwell . Admission at the dooros . each . Pamily tickets to admit four persons , at Is . each , to be bad at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Sis ; and at ail the principal Librari i and Musicsellers .
Ad00413
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . IMPORTANT TESTIMONIAL . * We are always gratified in noticing the laudable exertions of the in-Justrious and provident among our fellow-labourers in the social vineyard , to avert from themselves and families , as far as human foresightmay do , the calamities attendant upon an old age of destitution , or a period of wearisome inactivity and uselessness , through sickness or accident ; and we will venture to say , that up to the extreme limit of what is called the middle class of society , there is no method so likely to attain the object as the institution of securely based andjudiciouslyregulated Benefit Societies . Our atten-. lion was some time since called to the subject by the proceedings of one accordant with our views , enrolled under the title of 'THE PvOYAL OAK-BEKEl'lT SOCIETY , ' and established at the Mitre Tavern , St . Martin's-lane . The advantages proposed to the members appear to be calculated upon a scale of liberality that requires and deserves extensive support . From the result of our examination of their rules , and the satisfactory explanations given as regards their practical operations , we do not now hesitate to recommend the society to every industrious and prudent man as highly deserving attention , whether viewed with leferencc to its immediate or its prospective advantages . "Wcei ' . y Chronicle , March , 1 S 3 S . jnv £ LLO"W BRETHREN , look to your own interests , JL and hasten to join that well-regulated Benefit Soriety , THE ROYAL OAK , established 1 S 37 . The Committee meet at the Mitre Tavern , GS , St . Martin ' s-lane , every Tuesday evening , vi ciu-lit o ' clock , for the admission j of Slemuers whose ages uo not exceed thirty-six years , ¦ being in good health , and tbeir income arising from their business or employment averaging 2-ls . per week . The Soeie : y is enroled by Act oi' Parliament , and is conducted u ; ion an economical and secure principle . All unnecessary fines are alulihlied , and U allows the members to belong to any othersociely , at the same time being a member of the Royal Oak . It lias paid every demand made upon its funds , which in eight years amounts to £ 7 , 000 , and has a Funded Capital of £ 3 , 000 invested ia the Bank of England , the interest of which produces the Society upwards of £ 100 per annum . Tradesmen and mechanics , residing in the country , however distant , are eligible for admission , without personal attendance , by filling a printed form and transmitting it to tlie Secretary . Look around , and see the number of Societies breaking up , when most needed , in consequence of the extra payments on a Quarterl y Meeting being too heavy for a working man to meet on a sudden demand . This Society boasts of the much wanted principle of a Fixed Quarterly Payment , there being no extras , as in most others ; the Subscription is 4 s . per Calendar Month , or payable Quarterly , and no Fines ; so that every member , however distant , is enabled to send by Post-office Order the full amount of his Quarterly Subscription . The following are the Benefits of the Society : — £ s . In Sickness , per week ... 0 18 " Superannuation , ditto ,., 0 i Funeral / Death of a Member 20 0 " | Thesebencfits money \ Dealh of Member ' s Wife 10 0 I are charged as Wife ' s Lying-in - ' 0 [ extrasiuother Loss by Fire 15 0 J Societies . Entrance Money only Ss . Gd . under thirty-two years of age—us , under thirty-six , Lose' no time in enrolling your names while in health and vigour ( we know not what a day may bring forih ) . The Rules may be seen ( gratis ) at the Society House , or purchased , price ( id . each . Printed Forms and Prospec-* . u ? es sent to any part of the country , free , by enclosing a pastage stamp to tbe Sc-eretary , H . HlLL'EE , 17 , Cecilwurl , St . llartin ' sJane , London .
Ad00414
| ' i £ .: ,- / - ¦ : - ' - - : ¦ - ' ' - ' ¦ - " ' -1 " aaiiKaniici- —a / ilA EVERY MAN MAY HAVE A HOUSE OP . 3 Ha (< OiW » 'l | ' g & k ^ SMfcMferaU ^^ ! iU . ' " !> dj > i 44 fiW'i tol 34 d ' ' n - ' -iiUM Ui i -- 1 ! i ffita ° '" ^ i- ^ PBTOlSP ^ H ^ . * r ^« R 9 R ^ gW !^ iariB ) i ^ i » j ^ Pr ^ ej ^' . Purc ^ asedilthc &? 9 t , pf , yj ^ chiy . 'jji a ) . d in '; re-pajr ¦ to KJ 3 HrrB > P ^ n % ^ r & i : !; - ' nil v o H'ffOi'L w ! - , ¦ ''\ r ,- ] 1 ; . . H ,, z 2 . ! y r , » '}&? FM *& - ) L" :-nuia" - - ' ,. ' . ' !\ J .. E , ; HMn $ ey , ^ s ^ ;' ; j : B ^ ' , j | j , ' [ tjfa ) j ^ e ^ Whitechapel . . ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ] ' Gl F ^ V & t ^ ' ^ road / - ; ... \ . ' . i .- i ~ .- , sUiY ' tiV" ' - ¦ . ¦ i ! j ivtitii twenty Directors ( who aet gratuitously ) . ' ; i ; FI | t . HSUBSCRIPTION Payable at the GEORGE iINN , ' Commercial-road , Stepenyi on FRIDAY , 3 rd October , 1845 , at 7 p . m . The Entrance Fee will be Ss „ at the meeting , and still further increased as the Society progresses . Near 400 Shares Registered , and £ 7 _ S 0 awarded to Shareholders . Read the Rules which have been greatly improved , and additional facilities given to Purchasers . Redemption Money ceases at the end of ten years . Members assisted to Buy at Auctions . The Widow or Children of Members may withdraw all the subscriptions paid in . £ 4 per cent , discount allowed on all Subscriptions paid in advance . Prospectuses ( gratis ) , by sending stamp for reply , to Mr . E . J . SOUTHWELL , 80 , JubUee-street , Stepnev .
Ad00415
JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . Gd ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES ' i A Prison Rhymetin Ten Books :,-l . -. ;• : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARt | sT . J . How , PubUsher ^ K ^ fee ^ stw «§^ t V ; ~ , $ g' Orders from the CoSS ^^^^ ieht tnibiigh the Booksellers . , . .,., ^ 4 ^^^^ BH % ' ,- '
Te^^Ppsf- • $P& -,: Iy|Sa|'B^^^^Pkiber 13, 1845.
TE ^^ PpSf- $ P & -,: iY | SA | 'B ^^^^ pKIBER 13 , 1845 .
' ¦M&Wg Qm&B?Md His Belgian Tour. "J -''...
' ¦ m & WG Qm & B ? MD HIS BELGIAN TOUR . " j - '''' ' '/&« f * ' ^ ^ y '' ~' MRi ^ jGr oisoB , in accordance with the announce * metf { ' m ' -lasfc week ' s Star , started for Belgium on Saturday evening last . It would be Monday mid-day ere he arrived at Brussels , we believe ; and the time of tbe Tost starting after that , to reach us on Thursday , would be so short that he would not have time to make any observations worth writing about . No doubt but next week we shall have a good budget from him .
More Of "Ireland's Ruin:" Or Thb Blessed...
MORE OF "IRELAND'S RUIN : " OR THB BLESSED EFFECTS OF LANDLORDISM AND [ IN
SECURITY OF TENURE . At last wo are having Ireland's misery laid bare . Ac last we are haying the curtain fairly lifted up , and the terrible scenes of degradation and utter abjectness hitherto enacted behind the veil of religious and national prej udice opened out in all their hideousness for a world to gaze at ! It . is true we have had glimpses beforetime . It is true that occasional peeps have been afforded ; nay , even at times some portion of the covering torn away , and more than a glance obtained of the length , and breadth , and depth of that misery which the landlord class have so systematically striven to hide from view . Cobbett , in
his short and hasty journey through a portion of the Irish interior , did this for us . He showed that in no country under the sun , savage or " civilised , " was there to be found such a state of utter destitution and debasement in condition , as existed in the "Green Isle . " The Irish Poor Law Commission of Inquiry established the same truth ; and subsequently it has been confirmed by the inquiries of the Dbvok Land Commission . Travellers , too , who have gone over Ireland , have noted and promulgated the same facts . The pages of Kohl and of Indus teem with observations to this effect . But until now , we had not the detail ; until now , we had not
the entire picture " ; until now , we had not tbe filling in ef the general outline ; until now , wc had not the CAUSE of that utter wretchedness everywhere abounding traced IIOME ; until now we-had not names , and dates , and facts , indelibly fixeo ; until now , wc were not able to deal with the facts in connection with the persons wlio have caused tliem to be : but now we are enabled to do this ; now , the information is supplied ; now , we have exposed to view the whole question , even in minnte detail : and now , therefore , we can deal with it , and draw correct inferences and deductions from it . For this full information we are indebted to the Times , who has , in this particular , rendered essential service to the cause of human progress ; a service sufficient to atone for many of the enormous sins that same journal
committed against the movement to meliorate the awful condition it now shows to exist ; sins committed in the days when that movement was not so fashionable as it is now—when it was only joined in by tbe workers who "felt the iron , " and before they had succeeded in impregnating the public mind with the philosophy which seeks to give the producer a greater " SHARE" than " Landlordism" and "Masierdou" can afford ; sins committed in the days when rampant authority put down complaint with the high-hand of power , and when the drunken bullfrogs of tho middle classes mounted their cavalry horses , and stifled tbe murmurs of discontent in the groans of the wounded and the dying ; sins committed in the days when the Times was emphatically tha "Bloodyold Times . " So long ago as April , 1833 , William Cobbeit proposed the establishment , by the people themselves , ofa
"RECKONING COMMISSION ;' which should furnish itself with facts in relation to tho " OWNERS" of prcpeity , to enable the people to settle tvith them when the " day of reckoning " came . He mooted this point at a time when " Commissions" against the people were beginning their unholy efforts ; when the Poor Law Commission oi Inquiry was " making out a * case" for the abolition of all Poor L-xws , and devising measures to reduce the working people of England to "live on a coarser sort of food ; " when they were " reporting" in favour of the establishment of a "Rural Police . " aimed
with daggers and pistols , to "keep down" the working people , who " embodied the spirit of discontents in the shape of SWING-FIR-ES and thus made their " grumblings PELT ; " it was at tllis time , and under such circumstances that the f ' ar-secingpolitician of the age proposed Irs "Beckoning Commission" in manner following : —
DEFENCE ASSOCIATION . Seeing the oppressions which ire endure ; seeing how small a share of the taxes is paid by the aristocracy , and how large a portion of them they receive , it appears to me , that this is tbe great evil of the country . "We have seen the game laws hardened to a degree that our fathers never could have dreamed of ; we have seen the neiv trespass law , and the new Highway Acts , almost deprive us of the right of setting our feet upon any part of our country ; we have seen the trial by jury in great part laid aside , as far as related to the offences of the common people ; we have seen our properly seized by the taxgatherers of various descriptions , and by titlie-gatherers ,
and taken from us without any trial b y jury we have seen our property taxed most enormously by stamp and auction duties , while the landowners have escaped those taxes , and while we have been compelled to pay pensions and sinecures to support the families of this aristocracy . In short , we have seen ourselves ruined , pressed down one after another , inlo a state of pauperism ; and now wo behold schemes for establishing ; a gendarmerie to compel us to submit iu silence to all these wrongs . What , then , arc we to do in such a case cs this ? What are we to do in our own defence 1 It appears to me , that there ought to be established an association under the following title , and for the following objects : —
DEFENCE ASSOCIATION ; Or , an association for protecting tradesmen , and other the industrious classes , against all unconstitutional encroachments o' the aristocracy . To be established in London , with a chairman , deputy chairman , and secretary . To correspond with all parts of the hingdom ; and to receive statements of acts done towards the industrious classes , which would be proper subjects of representation to the Parliament .
To give adnce upon the subject , and obtain redress where that is possible . To receive statements relative to all acts of oppression ; and in all cases to be very particularingiving tte names of the parlies and the places of their residence . To obtain , iit reference to the direct taxes , nn accurate lis ! of the names and places of resid ence of all the great landowners in each county ; to ascertain , as nearly as possible , when each of them came to his estate , and whether he got it by purchase , heirship , or bequest ; and-also to ascertain tho probable teorlh of it . To cause to be printed , upon a small pUee of paper , and at a very clit'iip rate , a true pedigree of every great
landowner , ' showing how } much . of the public money he or any Of his fetations have received ,,, not omitting his pre-, -j decessors for three or four generations ; showing liow he <> came by his estate , and particularly showing . what men , women , or children , appertaining to him , are or have been , on the pension or sinecure list ; and to cause a sufficient number of these papers to . be circulated amongst the industrious classes in his own immediate neighbourhood ; so that we may all know one another .. -well . ; . " .. " -. .. .. To get the names of all the justices of the peace in the sever al counties , and to ascertain whether they be receivers of tilhes or of taxes , and to what amount . To ascertain , as nearly as may bej the amount of the
lay-tithes , of the abbey-lands , of the college property , of tlie bishop ' s property , and of the dean and chapter property , in each county ; and also of the corporation and pitWic charity property ; and to ascertain in whose hands each parcel of this property is . The asBOciaton might take care to furnish lists ' of the abbey-lands ; and the correspondents would-inform them in whose hands they ore , andlho ' worth Of themi : There are . divers other things to mention ofa most interesting nature . ' I throw out this merely as a hint for others to improve upon . ' This is the sort of " commission " that is wanted ; and I would call it the " Reckoning Com - mission ; " for it ; is absolutely necessary that we begin to niake up our accounts , ' and te liave theni ready . It would be a sad thing for us to be taken by surprise . When we all know one another well , we shall easily arrange
matters quietly , we shall easily come to an " equitable adjustmeM ^' , . ¦ ¦¦ :- '• ' ' ! An-l ^ - ^ rbbosal Cobb ett was but bef ore his iimcth & wi | iraate' of all popular teachers .. As might be expected , the bare proposition was enough to drive ihe vJfwNERS ^ ibf property titark'Btaring mad . The auJMicfc ' of . it Hvas ; subject to ; 3 he most virulent abuse / He was told that'he " speculated on public confusion ; " that Jiesought to establish in England the " ixeigia of terror ; " to " produce confiscation ;" to '' rob the owners 4 f properly , of | wliaiiiwas the ] r cum ; " told this , too , by ^ the -mea wl &^^^ ent out the Poor Law Commission o ^ Js ^ s ^^ cu'X & t ported in- favour of ¦; thejehtire ' ¦ ¦ ' < abfo ^ ioa | pf the people'sright tolwe outjf the soil ! itf & vo' ^ also of schemes to reduce thcnito a coarser sort of diet !! ' and
in favour also of an ARMED POLICE , throughout the kingdom , to beat out the brains of " embodied discontent" -with tbe metal-mounted truncheon ! On one occasion , the present Premier himself made a ferocious onslaught on the member for Oldham , in the House of Commons , for having put forth this proposal for a " Reckoning Commission . " His , words were , amid the deafening cheers and roaring-shouts of the "noblest assembly of f reemen in the world : "God forbid that the lion , member ' s speculations on the prospect of' " public confusion" should be realized . He laboured under no apprehension that they would . He felt confident , whatever might bo the political differences that divided public men , that all who were possessed of
property would unite in its defence and put down such attempts . . ( Great cheering . ) Not only would it be the greatest calamity , but a calamity tenfold greater than had ever happened to this" country , because accompanied by the greatest disgrace , to live under the domination of such instruments as these . ( General and long-continued cheering , ) " " Come the eleventh plague , rather than this should be ; . . " Come sink" us rather in the sea . " Come rather pestilence , and reap us down ; , " Come God's sword rather than our own . " Let rather Roman come again , . " i ' . ' Or Saxon , Norman , or the Dane . ... _ . . £ ; " In all the bonds we ever bore , .-jgji " We grieved ; we sighed , we wept ; wo never blusftSf ! t . _ i > ji tiUii
- . j-. i It is little more than ten years since this famous bombastical apostrophe against the Reckoning Coni- ' mission was uttered by Sir Robert Peel , amid " cheers , " which more resembled the roars of madmen than the expression of feeling on the part of sober sanity . It is little more than ten years since the bare proposal frightened the " Lords of the soil" from their propriety —( not their property . '—would to God that it had !)—it . is little more than ten years ago all this;—and the Times' is now daily engaged in collecting facts to be used for the very purpose that Cobbett recommended ! Cobuett , the author of tbe proposal for a " Reckoning Commission , " is dead : but the Times is doing Codbeit ' s work as well as . he could have whhed had he been alive How WELL that work is being done the-reader shall now judge .
Last week we accompanied the " Times ' s Commis-8 iojiEB "—lio that is collecting materials for the " Beckoning "—in a portion of his journey over Ireland in search of facts . We left him at Cavan , where ho had discovered the great political secret , that . "those who WILL live comfortably and well DO live comfortably and well "; in other words , that those who are determined " to make their grumblings FELT" are attended to , and have secured to them a far greater share than those who are content if they can only procure hog ' s-food to live on . We left " our Heckosikg Commissioner" at Cavan , where he had made this all-important discovery , through noticing the distinguishing characteristics of the two " races , "the " grumblers" and the " slavishly content" : and we have , now to accompany him to Donegal , and learn the facts his sharp-witted observation lias made him acquainted with . Hear him : —
The town of Donegal exhibits another of those numerous examples of neglect with which Ireland abounds . Tbe bay of Donegal , dotted with green islands , — -with tbe Atlantic Ocean on one side , and the town nestling at the fodtof arange of magnificent bills , which rise in the background abruptly behind it , on the other , affords scenery of the most exquisite natural beauty . , Were all the advantages of scenery , locality , bathing , and cheapness of living this town possesses connected with any English town , it wouldnot he long before it was a second Brighton , or Bath , or Cheltenham . There is , however , but one resident landlord , or gentleman , in the neighbourhood , —Sir . Hamilton , —who has built himsjll ' a beautiful house on one of the islands in the bay ; and the town remains neglected and poor .
From this town I proceeded to Glentics , a village ioh ! cJt is the PROPERTY of the Marquis of Cunyngham , whose chief managing agent is Mr . Benbow , JI . P . for Dudley . The whole of the country for many miles in the direction of Dungloe , and beyond that town—in fact , almost the whole barony of Soylagh belongs to this nobleman , together with the island of Arrcrn , or A rranmore , on the west coast . Oxce , in tub course op nts live—( uio years ago—( lie Jfarguis of Gonyngtum v . isited mis estate vor a vew dats . His chief agent , ' Mr . Benbow , usually comes once a-year ; and the sub-agents visit the tenants every half-year to collect their rents . At short periods of a few years the farms are visited to see what increased rent they ivill bear ; and this
IS THE EXTENT OP THE ACQUAINTANCE OF THE MAKQULS oe CoxiNGiust witu nts tenants . This liobleinau , himself , bears the character of a kind-hearted , generous man—fond of yachting and amusement , and having an excessive distaste for every kind of business or trouble . From one end of his large estate here to the other , nothing is to befoundbut poverty , misery , wretched cultivation , andinfinite subdivision of land . There are no gentry , no middle class , —ali . are poor—wretchedly poor . Every shil'lng the tenants can raise from their half-cultivated land is paid in rent , whilst the PEOPLE SUBSIST EOR THE MOST PART ON POTATOES AND WATER . They are
untaught ; they know not how to improve ; they have no ex . amplcs before them of a better state of things ; they are left to themselves . As they increase in numbers , as not a shilling of the rent is ever spent among them in the shape of capital , in giving them any kind of employment , they are driven to the land for support , till they infinitely subdivide it , aud their poverty and wretchedness necessarily increase as their means lessen . Erery rudeellbrt that they make to increase the amount of the produce is followed immediately by raising their rents in proportion —as it were , to punish them for improving . They are , satuball * ixoccu , as DISCONTENTED aud fall of complaints as they are wretched in their condition .
Wc will not stop here to inquire how it comes to pass that such an immense track of country " BELONGS" to . the Marquis op Co . nynoham . We do not now ask how he came to have it ; how lie came to " OWN" it . We will not noiv stop to ascertain whether he got it by purchase , by heirship , or by bequest . Wc will not ask now from whom he purchased it—from whomheheiredit—orwho bequeathed it to him . Nay , we will not even ask concerning his title to it at pitESEKf . Enough for us that he has
it : let us see how ho uses it ; and whether the use he makes of it will justify his keeping it . A time will come when all the points of inquiry set forth above ivill have to be entered into—will have to be answered—when we get nearer the "RECKONING . " In the meantime lot us be content to store up the tacts wo are mUHe acquainted with by the Times , and deduce from them a lesson that will be useful both for immediate and ulterior purposes . Here is more towards the " Reckoning" . _
What I have stated is not hearsay nor imagination I walked a couple of miles from Glenties amongst the farmers ' cottages , with a guide , —the Vice-President of the Poor Law Union there , —and I will shortly describe io you the condition of the far mers , as 1 had it from their own lips , and noted down at . tho time . The land is not let by the aero , but by what is termed a " cow ' s grass "—eo many " cow ' s grass" to p farm A « ' s grass ' is a measure of land ; usually it means ss
much mountain / grazing land . as . will keep a cow . during the summer , and as much arable land as will kpep the cowhouse in -fodder during . ' , the winter .- ; The size of the farms varies , from 6 ; to 20 acres , and larger , by . themeasurement of acres . The rent of arable land is about . SOs . an acre ., It . is sandy soil and bog mixed , on a granite rock foundation . ; The grazing mom Uiin land is let at about 2 s . 6 d . an acre . The farmer pays his rent aud rates by disposing of his butter , pigs , eggs , beef , hay , oats , and milk , when he can sell it , He usually sells the whole of his produce , except potatoes , and in dear seasons even part of his stock of potatoes , and buys meal on credit , in order to pay his rent . and the county-cess . If the tsnant lives near a town where he can sell his milk he sells that also , and the common drink to ^ their potatoes then is an infusion of pepper— | wpj ^ r ^ nj i ^(^^»; being more tasty than water . Sometimes ; they ^ ie / SOi ^ rd pushed , for their rent that |
' , _ .. . _ „_ . „ ,, flnnr -J " i „ iui ^ not to be fire and a bsardedand sandedfloor aluxui-j ' notto be met with everywhere . in Ireland- ^ made me hope , for a comfortable rest . The brightness of the flWgiWed over the discomfort of the room . It was perfectly ^ Irish ,, Tvvo large and apparently much frequented rat-holes in ^ he floor showed no want of company of that k >™ v . ! £ table was propped its cover torn and dirty ; one of the windows had . before it a broken looking-glass" to «»• • £ » a corner of which still remained in the frame -, the wm ^ . washed walls were marked round with caud e-smoKes , where candles had been stuck with their own tallow . ana
two lads at one side of the room bad a most unpromising appearance . ' - Sundry women ' s caps were stuck udder tne testers for readiness , and under each bed was a pile ot aire and sand , the sweepings of the floor from a remote antiquity . After making a tolerable supper on eggs—that only support of travellers in parts of Ireland , —the . bread being sour , the butter abominable , the appearance of the salt forbidding its use , and the tea an infusion of some unknown herb , —I went to bed thoroughly tired , hoping to sleep . But tho " downy pinions" of what the poet Young describes as " : tired nature ' s sweet restorer" ! fled from me j and every moment I remained there I began to ha ^ more and more lively impression of the applicabUity of the chorus of an old song I once heard—_ _« These cursed fleas ;
thtylMttlhixyfemeg ^^ ftredit at £ 6 or £ 7 , much above the market , price , > and sel 1 it again for £ 3 or £ 4 , to be able tO ; . , pay . > the rent ; orvbuy meal on credit of local usurers ( giving a promissory note ^ at ^ Os . a-barrel , and sell it again to tlie ' sarae usui'er . af ^ lj ^^ M ^ price for ready money at Ds . or IDs . a barrel . V-jO ^^^ Bier is so well , off as to have milk to , his potatoes r ^^/ ' pe ^ able , to buy a few sprats , he is what they f tei-mAer ^ i ^ okpy ''—that is , in independent circumstaneeB . ; ,. fiT ^ b , e : & mer who gave me this information pays £ 10 rent , holds seven cows ' grass , and I was informed was tliernost ! . ^ Ui . okey " . farmer in the district . The grazing , ? st ^| pop |^^ ] ast . year these seven cows produced onlj ^ og & kumj / -toiter , which ho sold for £ 6 ; hosold . two ^| j ]^ r ^^^ yie . -could hardly tell how he 6 cr ^ pedip !^^^^^^^^^ & om the sale of his oats and « pBjte | gs ^^^^^^^^^ rnCer assured me that forthe baia ^ ihisrS Ba ^ hiist'Kis ' cow's gave no milk ,
" At first they came by twos and threes " But how they come by swarms . " At length the weary night passed over in listening to the gambols ' of the rats , making the most of their opportunity at the bread-loaf , until the quacking and cackling of some ducks and hens in the next room assured me morning was breaking . But . I do not blame the people . They gave me the best they had ; and they never saw , and cannot conceive , anything better . And with a non-resident landlord , a non-resident agent , no capital spent amongst them , ' no encouragement given to them , and no one toteach them ; anything , either by precept or example , how are th ey likely to improve ! Now for another buhdJe of " ncm" Let them to carefully treasured up ! 'J ! hey will be wanted at th & " Reckqning !"
he had . to (« ij ^ A-: " on ^ By > p « ' - au ( t water ani potatoes . He cbuld-no & aMra to earbiitter . " Not a bit of bread have Ij eaten since I was born , " said this man ; " we must sell the corn and tlie butter , to give to the landlord , I have the largest farm in the district ; some don't pay more than £ 3 to . £ 5 . vent , and I am as well off as any in the country , " This man gave me his name , but did not wish it to be pubhshed , as it might do him . an injury with the afeettW , This ; b » ai » : also , assured me . that , many of the tenants have no beds , and lie on a " shake-down ' . ' of straw or ; jayjoufine ground in their cottages , with but a blanket or ;| aSriig * -to cover , five or six of the family . " The people , " he said , "do what they can to improve , but the landlord does nothing , and they have not the ability to improve . They are tenants at will ; and if . they improve ,
their rent is . raised accordingly at the next valuation , ^ he only good thing we have is plenty of turf to keep us warm .- -We never taste meat of any kind , or bacon , unless a pig chances to die of some' disorder and we cannot sell it , ; and we would not taste that if we could sell it , " I asked him if he would show me the cottage of any small farmer who lived in the way he had described . He took me immediately , to the cottages of John and Charles M ' Cabe , who lived across a field close by . I state this case to you because it is a sample of the subdivision which is permitted , to go on . The father rented four cows * grass , for which he paid £ 510 s . rent . He was so pressed by poverty and distress in 1812 that he sold the tenantright of half his farm for £ 15 to another man , who came
Next morning I took a boat and guide—a coast-guard man , who could speak Irish , and went over to the Island of Arranj which is also the property of the Marquis of Conyngham . This Island is about fifteen miles iu circumference , with a lofty hill in its centre , and a gradual declivity down to the sea . It contains eleven villages , each having from nine to fifty cottages , and has a population of about 1 , 500 people ; it yields a rental of from £ 300 to £ 400 ; a-year to" tbe Marquis of Conyngham , and is three-quarters of an hour ' s sail from tbe mainland . The rents here are much the same as those on the mainland , from 20 s . to 30 s . being paid for a cow ' s grass j hut the land is let iu rundale . -
I must explain the meaning of this form of letting to your readers . This form of occupation seems to have arisen from a small community equally dividing a portion of arable land for their potatoes , and holding the surrounding land in common . As the population increased , the patch of cultivated land being found insufficient toprovide them ' with potatoes , some individual of the community was obliged to bring a patch of the grazing land held iu common tinder cultivation , and the following year each member of the community claims the right of dividing this land , made arable out of commonable land , into equal shares . ' The consequence of this mode of occupation has been , that a tenant will hold a dozen small patches of land in different places , and almost every potatoe bed oi' ridge of oats belongs to a different tenant .
in , built a cottage , and occupied it as tenant . His son had married , and having a family growing up , he divided the half of his remaining farm with his son , and father and son are now subsisting with their families on a cow ' s grass of land each , Into these cottages I entered , They were stone-built , and well roofed—but the mud floor was uneven , damp , and filthy . In one corner was a place for the pig , with a drain from it through the wall to carry off the liquid manure , like a stable . Two chairs , a bedstead of the rudest description , a cradle , a spinning wheel , and an iron pot constituted . the whole furniture . An inner room contained another rude bedstead ; tho mud floor was quite damp . In this room six children slept on loose ti & y , . with one dirty ' blanket to cover them . The father ,
mother ,- and an infant slept in the firstroom , also on loose rhay ; and with but ono blanket on . the bed ,. The children ' were running . about as nearly naked aspossible , dressed in the odstwff rags of . the father and mother ; the father could not ^ a ^ . them elotfcev They bad never been to mass for a i ' twclvempnth for want of decent clothes to go in . Both ' jjjjese . mei } assured me that their whole food was potatoes , and $ f :. ; they had a penny to spare ihey bought salt , or a few ' fprats , but very seldom these . Instead of buying salt they sometimes bought pepper and mixed it with the vvater they drank . This they called " kitcliin "—it gave a flavour to their food . Both cottages were in the same wretched condition , and the rent of the farm had been twice raised ; last time from ISs . to £ 5 10 s . If their rent
I landed at a village called Labgarroo , containing twenty-four cottages , arid almost the . whole of its shockingly-destitute and half-naked shoeless population immediately swarmed out and surrounded me , begging me to go into their cottages—such of them , at least , as could speak English—and look nt their misery . Some thrust scraps of paper into my hands with petitions written on them , praying for assistance to keep them from starving , for medical assistance , to have their rents reduced , and so on : such an assemblage of wretched beggar-hko human beings I never saw . Picture to yourself the beg . gars who sometimes on Sundays lie about the pavements in the streets of London , dressed up to excite commisera . tion , and who write with a piece of chalk on the flags " I'm starving , " and then lay themselves down beside this
scrawl crouched up in a violent shivering fit as the people pass them from church , and you have an exact fac simile of the kind of looking people aroundme—the tenants of the Marquis of Conyngham ! ' I asked one man—a cobblerwho spoke English , to show me into one or two of the cottages near . I entered that of Nelly Gallagher ; she pays 30 s . rent for ono cov /' s grass . She was preparing her dinner of potatoes , and—what , think you "—seaweed . They gather , I was told by some twenty of them ( and saw them using it ) , a kind of seaweed called "dillisk , " which they dry , and boil as "kitehin" with their potatoes . It boils down to a kind of gluten with the potatoes , aud the salt in it , they say , makes the potatoes more palatable , In winter they gather the common seaweed which grows on the rocks , and which they caIl"diio 6 laman , "iii Irish , and cutting off the thin leaves at the extremities of the weed boil these , when they cannot get " dillisk , " which is a better kind of seaweed . They ' showed niehow they used it , and above a dozen of them told me the same story ; in
was not punctually paid , their cattle and everything they had was immediately ' distrained . From thesemen I went to another small farmer ' s house , . He was 'mowing ; ' ' His name is Mantis M'Ginty . ' He has two cows ' grass , for which he pays £ 3 8 s . There has been no improvement on his farm for the last twenty years ; hilt his rent was recently raised from £ 2 Ds . He had potatoes and milk that day for mowing for a farmer . His visual diet was potatoes and pepper water . He lived inprec / sely'the same wretched condition as that which I have justdescribed , i give you these as examples , without any kind of selection , of tlte unieersalcondition of the tenantry around on this estate . From this place I proceeded" to Dungloe ; a village sixteen miles further , direct north- ^ -the whole of . it in the same property . Near one or two small villages . which I passed a good deal of land was brought iiito ' cultivatioii ,
and bore heavy crops of oats and potatoes ; but a mile , beyond these villages nothing but'bog and heather is to be seen . Excepting here and there' a small patch of potatoes growing , the only sign of industry I saw was a couple of men on a hill-side boring tho bog with an iron rod and searching for timber . I entered several cottages on the road-side , but they were all alike filthy and wretched . Sometimes a calf as well as a pig would be inside them ; sometimes three or four ducks in addition , dabbling in a pool of dirty water in a hole in the mud floor . If you point out this filthy condition to the women in the cottages they generally laugh at it . In fact , they know no better ; they don't know how to live differently , and they never had abetter example set to them . There is everything to depress them , nothing to elevate them ; and the wonder is that , half savage and uncivilized , they are so quiet and tractable as they are .
fact , every one that I asked about it confirmed it , My guide , the coast-guard man , and a respectable seaman , assured me that the tenants on the mainland in the same manner lived on seaweed part of the year , and that they used it , as he called it , "kitcliin , " to make their potatoi s more palatable , and in aid of their potato food . Some of these tenants had quantities of laud as small as the fourth part of a cow's grass . Their cottages are stone , built , with mud floors , no chimneys , rarely any furniture in them , usually hay on the floor for a bed , with a rug or old cloths for bed covering . I walked over the who ' e island and saw many such , and rarely any in the least degree better ; There is a Roman Catholic chapel in tho island , and a school is talked of being built , but tlicie is not one at present . Some kelp-burning is going on now , and this has helped the people a good deal . At times I was informed , and I can well believe it from what isaw , that their destitution is horrible . They are , however , but a degree worse than the tenants ou the mainland opposite .
There is a picture ! Look at it as a whole ; and then in detail J See the fine end to which "landlordism" leads . ' See him , a cormorant , devouring what a whole country side produces ; see this man ; this "Marquis" of Oosyxgham , "fond of yachting and amusement , and having an exceeding distaste for all kinds of business or trouble ; " see this man who never worked a hand-stroke in his life ; who never did anything useful ; who has all his days been a charge , a BURDEN on society ; see thisman taking to his check Ihe whole produce of "the Barony of Boylagh and the island of Avran , " excepting a portion of the potatoes , which are left as the " SHARE " of those whose sweat has been spent in causing aH to
I left the island , and on landing came to tins place . Before leaving this estate , the high road crosses a strand at Anagary , over which the tide flows ten feet deep . This strand is one mile across , and the water was up to the axle of the gig I was in when my guide attempted it . It was quite dusk , and I assure you it was perfectly frightful to a stranger to bo in the middle of tin ' s sheet of water , the land every way at least half a mile off , and not knowing whether the next step might not be into deep water . The Board of Works offered to make a road , to avoid this strand ; tlie Marquis of Conyngham ' s agent , in tlie name of his principal , opposes this , mid will not permit the road to bo made through his waste bogIand ; awl the public must , therefore , submit to the delay ami inconvenience and danger of this strand . Hut what must this be to a poor man or woman who has no horse or gig . and who is thus compelled often to wait hours for the tide , and then to wade a mile in water a yard deep ?
come : see this ; and then say whether it he right that the tastes or distastes ; the whims or the pleasures ; the caprices or the wants even , of such a miserable fop as the said , " Marquis" should be attended to before the comforts and well-being of those who till the soil ? If society should take it into its head to do away with such , useless beings as these a ' . devouring ousmess-avoiding " Marquises , " and secure to the labourers not only in the Barony of Boylagh , but in all parts of the kingdom , tho fruits of their own industry , or at least arrange that tuey shall be " FIRST partakers oHhom , " wcMZtf & be anyxuorse ? Suppose the " potatoes and the pepper- -nd-watcr " in the hovel of tlie Glenties farmer were to give wav
Here , however , I leave tlie Marquis of Conyngham * estate , with its thousands of acres of land capable of profitable cultivation , and its everywhere apparent neg lect , mismanagement , and misery . His rents are probably not high , considering the capabilities of the land , but they are high considering their actual state of cultivation . The tenants are . not helped or putin the way of imp-oving ;*'"' it is evident that every shilling beyond bare subsistence is extracted from them and spent elsewhere . It is not a capital realized which ever benefits them . Sonic may sav that the Marquis of Conyngham has a light to do as lie likes with his property . Grant that he lias , ' but ho lias no right to
to bread , and beef , and butter , and milk , and eggs ; and the "Marquis" of Co « TSon ; w compelled to give ' up " yachting" and take to tho " business" oAhe spade , would it be " a sin against the Holy Ghost , never to be forgiven , either in this world or the world to come ? " It is possible that the " Marquis " might so consider it ! and be as " unforgiving" as eternity itself ! but we imagine that tho h- . nor " who pays £ 10 rent ; " who "holds seven cows ' grass ; " who "is withal the most ' tho key' farmer of the district ; " but who " / ( « s never eaten a bit of bread cmcc he was bom , " because ho bas to sell his corn and his butter to . GIVE to the landlord ; we imagine that this man would soon reconcile himself to the change , and " forgive" those who made it '
anybody ' s approval , if this is what he likes -, aud the empire has a right to complain if ho so manages his large estate , that he produces general destitution and misery and discontent—if , in fact , he helps to make Ireland that scene of poverty and wretchedness and disturbance which makes it a shame and a source of weakness , instead of its being a pride and . a source of strength to the empire . K is possible that the Marquis of Conyngham may be ignorant of the condition of his Irish ttnants ; but " quif'f ' peraliim , ffcitpersc ; " to him who permits it , the oiliu " of having such a tenantry , and an estate so manaS" - ' rightly attaches .
Ay , and the RESPONSIBILITY , as well as tho odium ! We shall have to try soon , whether U-E » SPOKSIBIL 1 TY , as attached to the " owners" of the soil , is , as it is with Ministers , a pure farce . If it be , wc shall know what to do ! If ^ it be not—tho " Marquis" of Cosysoiiam wi' ! have to feci it ! Potatoes and seaweed for the workers , that femay enjoy " yachting" and escape " tisows " !" hay on the floor for a bed , with an old rag as covering for bed-clothes : and this to give a " Ma « Q " " the means of spending without " business ! " »' o have often heard the aphorism that " property has its duties as well r . s its rights . " \ Ye arc in a lair way « J ascertaining the amount of truth contained in tho
One th ' ng tbe poor " kalf-ravagc , half-civilized " people of tl is district have yet to learn . They have not yet learnt how to " embody their DISCOJNTEfvT ' " so as to " make their grumblings FELT ! " Perhaps the Kijicj * * Commissioner vT'Ueach them that lessonlet them inlo that secret . Should he do so , he wiU confer on them a most incalculable advantao-c "Those that WILL live comfortably aud well DO live couVforfa ' oly and we ' . " 0 ! may that truth b 3 present to the minds of the formers of Gientics and AivanVat their unris ' mss and their down-lyings ! If it is , they will not bo " quiet , and so tractable as they are ! " .
insertion : and if it turn out that there really arc duties to perfo . m by tho " OWNER" " hu'S estate , " what account will this same llai' « uis he able to give of himself ? Great as may be his " distaste for business , " he will have to apply himself to tins " account , ' . ; or give up his estate ! it'he will enjoy tliO rights , he must perfbmi the duties . If ho won't , he must make way for those that will . Maugre » N il , i cant about " he has a right to do as he likes with h ' own , " he will have to RECKON UP ! There is onC short answer to all such cant : " no man has a » ' <| to do W UOls'G either with his own or any body else ' s . '
But wo have move pacts . The budget is far from being exhausted . Tho "Mabquis" of Co . vrxciuv will have much / to answer for , when the "day of reckoning" arrives ! But before wo record more of those facts , let us have an . incident in tb-s horrible narrative which w''l raise a smile even amidst the disgust and boiling ju-er that the detail of the tarn * meat of his" « t enantry' ; by the . m oon ^ -cscapi ^ Marquis involuntar ' y excites . The incident is no less inslrucfcive , ~ as to aciud condition , ^ be } .,. *« little amusing , and aumsiugK- told ; —
lias he , Mr . " Marquis "? Lot us hear y ™ c 0 tend that he has ! Then we shall know not on what answer to give , but what measures to appl v "j ; ro « r case . Admit the truth of our ap horism . : inu thou wc go into your ease . Is it not waosc io" •' ou so to manage " your" large estate , as to protfonj general destitution and misery and discontent . ? J * not . society the right to complain of this ? lN " - ' - more ; has it not the right to apply a ciiiRi- 'C ^ 'J ;; Have a care , Mr . Mahqijis ! Youryaehiiii ^;; . " ^ : ;; tarlorcd with , so locg as it intei-feix-s • • , •¦! .:: "•'•• . - J "" tics anilpapc ' -wulir" of the eo ^ -i ;!!' - ' »•—•' '' "'" ties ; mu Arraii !
At Dungloe 1 was told I shcmW fi „ d an inn andac commodafon where I could sleep , stay there I mtt t there vas . no oiner place within a down Irish miles $ and . it was gotf ng laic . Thelook of the inn wa fnotl unprom , mg . A pUo-of llmo wimi , for buildi ' nail adjoining , WocKitl up Uiedoonvay , but a bright ,, ea'
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13091845/page/4/
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