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3Bmtv 39nctr«:
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SOXG POR THIXKERS. Take the.spade of-Per...
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ixemem
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An Emigrant in Search of a Colony. By Ch...
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The Sioox Indians.—The Aew York. Tribune...
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fc/AMflFs -' How colonisation bo best effected lied t'pital which have'* 3Bmtv$ • SBPM^%¥^ : *i85!j;^ .C; fW .,...^. ^ ..- ,,,,_, „.„. -.^..-r-.- „- ¦ .--<-, -- ; -- . '¦'" ..:: :$mk^:6^^ •¦¦ ¦ . - .----,.,. r .,..-.. r -^ ^>^ . --.. . -•":-.-39nctr«:- -' : ' ¦ - *•""-' ¦ • ' ' " ' • • " TTnwWi Ai - .;i. - *:-r."L.:.- ,.-: ¦....-.n- . ¦ ¦¦. .Li.-.j i. ...... „." ***" . ¦ ¦'¦...":¦¦•. T . ¦ V - ¦ ..->...- . ~ —~ *S^L!__JLi!i™' ' ' ' " ' " ' '-a**- *—?"•—¦ - - "
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DEAUTIFttk HAIR, WHISKERS. iEBitows
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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3 Bmtv 39 nctr « :
Soxg Por Thixkers. Take The.Spade Of-Per...
SOXG POR THIXKERS . Take the . spade of-Perseverance , Dig the field of Progress wide ; Every rotten root of faction . Hurry but , ami cast asiiie ; Every stubborn weed of Error ;" Every seed that hurts the soil ; Tares , whoso very growth is terror-Dig them out ; : what ' e ' er the toil I - Give the stream of Education . Broader channel , bolder force ; - Hurl the * tones of Persecution Out , where ' er they bloolcits course Seek W strength ia self-exertion ; - Work , and still'have faith to wait ; Close the crooked gate to fortune •'"• ¦ Make the road to honour straight !
"Men are agents for the Future ! -As they work , so ages win - Either harvest of advancement , . Or the product of their sin ! . Follow out true cultivation , "Widen Education ' s plan ; . From the majesty of Nature Teach the majesty of Man ! Take the spade of Perseverance ; Dig the field of Progress "Wld ©; Every bar to true instruction . Carry out and cast aside ; Peed the plant whose fruit is Wisdom ; dense from crime the common sod So that from the throne of Heaven It may bear the glance of God . Charles Swain
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An Emigrant In Search Of A Colony. By Ch...
An Emigrant in Search of a Colony . By Charles Eowcbofe . London : Simtns andM'Intyre . The proprietors of the Parlour Library have shown great tact in this last addition to the . series of original works , which they hare placed at the command of the poorer classes , for the sinaii price of one aWluDg . Emigration has ' of late years become almost a national movement in its dimensions , as it undoubtedly is national in its bearings and importance j and any truatwortiiy information , as Ic- the position / climate , resources , society , politics , and prospects of the various emigration fields , is peculiarly valuable at the present moment , when the eyes of so many are turned in that direction .
Mr . Kowcroft is well known as a writer on Colonial subjects . His' Tales of the Colonies ' showed an intimate personal knowledge of the subject ; and the same qualities , together with the power of telling a story attractively and forcibly ,. distinguishes his new work , which -will hold the reader fast till he gets to the end of it . The framework of the story is admirably suited to carry the hero of the tale to the various wide-laying parts of the world , though even Mr . Rowcroft ' s fascinations as a story teller , will not prevent a feeling of incredulity ,
as to the possibility of so many strange , stir-Ting , and dangerous incidents happening in the course of one lifetime , to one man . But without dwelling on this critical objection to the structure of the narrative , it must be confessed that , in other respects , it is well adapted to enable the author to describe , in succession , the peculiarities of each Colony , with the added interest of a series of personal adventures , and a mystery which will cause many to read the work , who would hare turned from Montgomery Martin and dry statistics .
George Mayford , the emigrant in search of a colony , might , perhaps , more appropiately have been termed a son in search of a father , as the one has quite as much , if not more , to do with his wanderings . His early recollections leave no trace of tha kindly or fostering care of parents . Yet as he grows up there is evidently a steady and continuous provision for his . welfare exercised by his protectors , who take every precaution to be nnseeen , nameless , aud trackless .. After being articled to an attorney , he is , upon arriving at age , pre seated by the agent , who is the mysterious
organ of communication between these unknown protectors and himself , with six thousand pounds in gold , on condition that he would never seek to know from whom it came . In one of the bags containing this gold there ¦ was an inner bag , composed of green brocade Tel vet , of an ancient , curious and rich pattern , which ultimately becomes , the clue by which Mayford , after many strange adventures in every part of the "worldi is enabled to solve the mystery of his birth . Six thousands
in gold appears a pretty considerable sum in the bulk ; but when Mayford aat down to count -wJiat the interest upon it would do to support a wife—already anticipated in his foster sister , Lucy Delancy—he found that it would go hut a small way in meeting the expenses of supporting a respectable appearance j while his own profession was , like many others , overdone . While weighing the pros and cons of the matter , he received an invitation to dinner from a captain on half pay , resident in the outskirts of London , which decided him .
Captain OSullivan is the type of a large class iu this country—men with small means and large appearances to keep up . To add to his troubles he has married a lady who had ' the honour to be a member of a noble family , ' who had nothing but her beauty to recommend her . Her family , of course , as the marriage -was against their approbation , took the opportunity to discard her from virtuous and correct motives entirely , which gave them the advantage also of retaining the portion which , other wi ° , trom pride , they would have been obliged to give to her for themselves .
, The Captain has , of course , a large family ; and , during the shabby genteel and sorely pinched dinner , all kinds of domestic disagreeables manifest themselves to the visitor . The tax-collectors more especially seem to have entered into a conspiracy to worry the unfortunate Captain on that particular day ;—water rate , poors rate , paving and lighting , property tax , Church rate , and Queen ' s tax , usual
follow each other , and all meet with the answer of needy people , ' Can't pay to day , call again . ' The Captain contrasts such life as this with that in Canada , where no such blisters are clapped on the back of the lieges ; and Mavford resolves to go and see Canadahere he meets with a further clue to his parentage , which leads him to the United States , thence to Jamaica , the Cape of Good Hope , "New Zealand , and Australia . The interest of
the narrative is so engrossing , that it hurries the reader breathlessly forward ; and Mr . Howcroft skilfully avails himself of the opportunities it affords to illustrate the actual condition , mode of life , facilities , drawbacks and peculiarities of each colony . Downing-street rule , or rather misrule , finds little favour in his eyes , and the dialogues in which its policy is criticised , are both shrewd and sensible . The result oi Mayford ' s travels is a resolution to settle in New South Wales ; to which of course he takes Lucy Delancy , as the head of his future home , after having succeeded in clearing up the mystery of his birth . which
As a specimen of the manner in Mr . iioweroft contrives to blend the useful with the agreeable , and to introduce grave discussions iuthe midst of exciting and marvellous adventures , we take a portion of a conversation at the hospitable and plentiful table of Captain O'SuIlivan , who has settled in 2 vew Zealand . * The topic is the WAKKFlEiD SYSTEM . " The principle may be said tobe now established , ihnt colhiisation is of incalculable benefit to the mother country ; and that tho establishment Ot " colonies adds as much to the general wealth of the nation as it improves the condition of the individual" _ __ _ ...
^ "I deny it , " said Miss M'Growlcr , looking fiercely through her spectacles ; "besides , when von do colonise , you never go the proper way about it . Look at the misery which was inflicted on the ji'ior dupes who were " inveigled out to the south r . art of Australia , and when they got there they had in- ' therfood to eat , nor water to drink ; and as to ^ ettinf their subsis tence from the soil , how were they to live in the nscnn-tiine ? Pretty colonisation !"
An Emigrant In Search Of A Colony. By Ch...
- ' How colonisation tiay bo best effected , " replied ti ? e other , " is a question " which' admits of different opioions ; -but , doubtless , not in the way in which that-, miserable failure was conducted ; On ibis point we must keep in mind the great distinction between indiscriminate emigration and systematic colonisation . Labourers without capital arc almost as useless in a new colony as capital without labourers ; and it " sin the due adjustment of the one to the other that skilful colonisation exista' ; and this is a matter which calls for the interference and protection of tho home government . The great difficulty of the emigrant , in his new country , is to getover the first two years—I speak of " an agricul-• " TTnwWi Ai - . ; i . - * :-r . "L .:.- ,.-: ¦ ....-. n- . ¦ ¦¦ . . Li .-. j
tural emigrant—after that time he is able to support himself from the produce of his land . It is during these two years that the help of the mother country is wanted . ; And there exists no doubt among old " and practical colonists , if this aid could be supplied by the government , on a large and comprehensive plan of colonisation , that not only would the individual happiness-of the emigrants be promoted , and those general and ultimate advantages be secured to the mother country of creating con sumers for her manufactures and markets for her productions , but'that the return of the money advanced would be ensured and its interest amply repaid . "
" You approve , then , of what is called tho "Wakefield principle of colonisation ?' said Miss M'Groiflier . " On the contrary , " replied the other , "I disapprove of it strongly . " " And why sol" said Miss M'Growler , bristling up . "Because I think it unjust in principle , erroneous in practice , and sure to end in failure in this colony . " ' You don't mean to say that you object to the principle of concentration ? " . " Yes , I do ; and most decidely . To my mind , the principle of . concentration is opposed to the natural principle of colonisation . " " What do you mean by the natural principle of colonisation ? I never heard of that principle before !"
- " I mean this ; that the natural principle of colonisation is not the forced formation of a town to radiate into agricultural , settlements , but the distribution Of th 6 Colftftists over the surface of the country , to be afterwards concentrated into towns as their necessities may in time require . It is the countrv that makes the tovrn , not the town that makes the country , On thia point I may take ad * vantage of the beautiful theory conceived by Herschel , in respect to ' nebulous matter . * to help my illustration . Presuming his theory to he correct , for the sake of illustration , in the regions of space the nebulous matter which is first diffused contracts in course of time into a denser body , and-, becoming concentrated , forms suns and planets . 60 , in peopling the globe , the founders of the future
nation are at first diffused , over a wide space their concentration iu towns is a subsequent process . In order to have room for the grazing of their flocks and herds , they must have space . And not only the grazier requires space ; but in a new country where there are no enclosures , and where the forming of enclosures is a very expensive and difficult process , the tillage farmer requires a wide space for the feeding of the working bullocks and cattle necessary for the conduct of his farm . In old countries whose pastures are laid down with artificial grasses ) and fenced in , a comparatively small extent of land is sufficient for the support of their stock ; but in a new country without fences , where the herbage , except in particular spots , is scanty , the first requisite for the agricultural colonist is space . Now
nothing can be more opposed to the principle of concentration than that necessity . The first and natural occupation of the early settler in " an uninhabited country , or in a country where the inhabitants are in a very small proportion to its extent , is the rearing of flocks and herds . -For that he wants space . In order to enable him to graze his flocks , dispersion , not concentration , is necessary . In practice the endeavour of the settler is to get as far as possible away from his neighbour . Talk to him of' concentration' and he will laugh at you . What he wants is room for his sheep and cattle . " " Do you mean to say , then , that there ought to he no town in the colony ?" " Quite the contrary ; but I mean to say , that in colonising a country you should have in view not the building of the town , but the placing the colonists on the lands , so as to reader them independent as quickly as possible , in respect to their
subsistence ; and as that independence- can be obtained only from the land , and as the readiest , the easiest , the most certain and profitable occupation in a new colony is the rearing of sheep and cattle , to my mind the art of colonisation consists in giving free scope and encouragement to the colonists to disperse themselves over the land , and to engage in those pursuits which are the easiest and most advantageous to them , and which are the readiest means of securing that which should be the primary point—the means of subsistence for the inhabitants . As to towns , when they are wanted the inhabitants will make them , as population increases and as the division of labour becomes established , at the times and in the places most convenient for themselves , A town never yet failed to be formed where a town was wanted . " " You forget that your early colonists may buy their food of other countries . "
" With money you may live anywhere ; and where money abounds , there will he no want of supplies of all the necessaries , comforts , and luxuries of life . Bat where is the colonists' money to come from ? It is presumed that they quit their native country because they have not sufficient means of living at home , Certainly it is a part of my calculation that the emigrants take out some capital with them ; and with that capital I do not dispute that they may build a town , and buy corn and wine of other countries , and live happily enough in their state of concentration , so long as their money lasts . But when their money is spent , what are they to do then ? If they have not taken care to put themselves in a position to provide food for themselves , tbey must starve . " "And do you think we shall all starve here ?"
"I think , " he replied , "that the expectations which have been formed of the successful results of what is here called the principle of concentration , will be disappointed . All seems very flourishing while the colonists are living on their capital ' , but when that is expended , what are they to do 1 What produce have they to sell , and where is their market ? And from what resources are they to maintain a costly system of colonial government , with a church establishment , and all the expenses which their forced principle of concentration involves ? And with the present high price of land , how can it be expected that emigrants will cross the globe at great cost , when they can obtain lands to settle on , in countries nearer home , at a very much smaller price ?" " Why , " said Miss M'Growler , " the high price of land , or as they call it , ' the sufficient price , ' is tho very essence of the art of colonisation , as its advocates say here V
"A very little reflection , " replied the other , " will show that the much-vaunted principle of sufficient price is sufficient nonsense . Let us examine it and see what it means . It means this , according to the explanation , of those who support it : that by forced and artificial means , the price of land shall be maintained at such a price as to put it above the means of the colonist with small capital to purchase it ; and the object of maintaining the price of land at that high price is to prevent the labourer from becoming a proprietor of land , and to force him to remain a labourer , and to work for the profit of the capitalist .
" Now , first , I should like to know by what right you stand between a man who seeks to till a portion of the earth which no one uses nor occupies , and prevent him from procuring his bread by the sweat of his brow according to God's original destination ? God gave the earth to man to dwell on and to cultivate ; and by what right do you say to the creature whom God has so created , ' No ; yOu shall not till the earth for your own profit , but for mine ! and although there are millions of acres of land uncultivated , uninhabited , and even unttoudeu by human foot , I will not permit you to cultivate those lands . ' And in order to prevent you cultivating them , I , haviug the power , have set such a price on them as I know you cannot afford to pay ; this I call a « sufficient price ; " it being sufficient to prevent you from possessing land to till / or your own profit , and to force you to bo tny servant to till the lard for mine . And this is called a system ; and herein is said to consist the art of colonisation .
"Instead of being called the ' art of colonisation , ' it ought to be caiied ' the art of making money for capitalists ; ' and as to the system , it is nothing else than an artful system of slavery . "But the system of large tracts of land being granted to companies for nothing , or at a smail price , for the purpose of being resold by them to colonists for the profit of the company , is a system which ought not to be passed by without notice . " And here it may be asked , on what plea of right or justice does the government interpose the obstruction of a * company' to the subject ' s acquirement of land in a colony ? Supposing the government to have the right to exact any price at all for the permission to turn absolutely useless
land in a colony into a useful farm—a right which is questionable—en v » hat plea of right does the government assume to impose a double or a treble price on colonial lands by granting the monopoly of a large and preferable part of the colonial lands to a company , with power to say to their follow subjects : * jN ' o , you shall not cultivate these waste lands till " vou have paid to us , the company , not only the upset price which the government has tet uoon its own waste colonial lands , but also a further « um sufficient to reimburse us for all our exoen < se * reasonable or unreasonable , and for all our fobs an ' d all our estrarag 8 r . ee , and all the stupidities which we have coninutteu from knowing nothi :: g nt ail of practical colonisation ; and to pay us also
An Emigrant In Search Of A Colony. By Ch...
a large profit ' . on t )«' ' , capital which we have ' ex pendedon the utideftafe * .- '" *? — - " *' . "''' : ;' - - ' : ' ' ' " , Is not this an injus icV on the colonlst ' seeKing for . land to cultivate By wha £ , rrgiit does the parent country enhance . the price-. of colonial lands to . its citizens by ' granting a mouopoj ' jT - to a certain number of other citizens calling" themselves a . company , and which forces the individual : not only to pay the natural , price of the , land , supposing unoccupied and useless waste land to have any natural price , but also the increased and artificial price necessary for the profit of a number of individuals , . ...... „ . . ¦ ...: . T . V - ..- >
who have no more original right to the land than be has ! . , :.. ; . . ,.. : .-.,. ' " The injustice of this system is aggravated when the ' company adopts as its ' principle ' that "the . lands , of which it has obtained an unjust monopoly , shall not be " sold except at" a ' sufficient ' , price CO prevent the poor colonist from becoming possessed of them ; forcing him thereby , to work for the benefit of the capitalist instead ' of for himself , and by which means the company calculates on making larger profits at the expense , of the white Slave who is thus sacrificed for the advantage of the capitalist and their own——"
" You are opposed to any systematic plan of colonisation ? " - : ' "On the contrary , I am a strong advocate for such a plan , All parties , and almost all men are agreed , that , in the present circumstances of Great Britain , with a redundant and rapidly increasing population pressing on the resources of the small extent of soil comprised within the narrow limits of her islands , something must be done to meet the difficulty . Fortunately for Great Britain , in the case of a redundancy of population , she has an obvious and easy remedy in the almost boundless lands of her magnificent colonies . There the people want land to work on ; here the land wants people , to work it ; "What remedy can be more obvious and simple than to remove her surplus population to the unappropriated and useless land of her colonies , and to enable them by their wealth-producing labour to exchange their present condition of abject pauperism and rancorous discontent for abundance and satisfaction ?"
" But think of the cost of such a plan of emigration , " said the captain , " as your suggestion seema to point at " "I am aware , " he replied , ' of the objection to a large and systematic plan of colonisation , on the score of its Cost to the mother country ; but I contend that , although the immediate cost may be great in the first instance , the return of wealth , indirectly , to the mother country , would be , at no great distance of time , far greater than the outlay . Nay , more : I am prepared to show that as a matter of present profit—putting aside for the moment tbe general gain to the mother country by the removal of a discontented and dangerous portion of its population , and putting aside , also , the
moral obligation of society to provide for its members—Great Britain would gain , as upon a mercan * tile transaction , by advancing a sum of money for the establishment of systematic colonies abroad . " " IIow would you pay the interest of the money expended for that purpose ? " asked the captain . " By a quit rent . —The quit rent of colonial lands would pay an ample interest for money advanced to bring them into cultivation ; and that quit rent , redeemable on certain conditions , would be more convenientfor colbn » t 8 "to " p ^' suid ' « nore " prontawe for the mother country to receive , than a sum of money paid down , which must necessarily be a small one for the purchase of the land free of quit rent . " " How 66 ?"
" Thus : —It is the capital which is now exacted for the purchase of land that the colonist wants , to bring that land into profitable use ; and it is the necessity for parting with a large portion of his capital in payment for land , which checks the intending emigrant from venturing to these distant colonies . For observe , that by taking from the colonist a large portion of his capit » l for the preliminary purchase of his land , you take from him the means of bringing that land into cultivation : —you deprive him of the seed which , if you would allow him to sow it , would enable him , by its produce , to pay you in a short time , and with comparative ease , tenfold the sum which be is able to pay you now . —In the sales of land in the colonies from
one colonist to another , the truth of this principle is acknowledged , and always acted on . In their dealings with one another , credit is always given for two or three years at tho least ; because it is known , from experience , that the buyer , by being allowed to expend bis capital in the clearing and cultivating of the land , instead of being made to sink it in its immediate payment , is enabled to increase that capital to an amount which enables him to pay from the produce of the soil , which is new wealth created , two or three times the sum which , otherwise , he would have been able to give for it . " " That is quite true , " said the captain . " Take , also , the case of the purchase of sheep and cattle . " continued the philosopher , "in the
Australian colonies . If the seller insists on immediate payment for his sheep , he gets , say half-acrown a bead ; but if he gives three years' credit , he gets seven shillings and sixpence , or ten shillings a head , and interest at the rate of eight per cent , for his money besides . And why ? Because the setter allows to the buyer the opportunity ol putting his labour into action , and of creating new wealth , out of which he can easily afford to pay a much higher rate of purchase money . " " And how do you apply this argument to the sale of colonial lands ? " asked Miss M'Growler . "I will reply to you , " said the other , " if you will allow me to do so without interruption ; but I warn you that my answer to your question will foe very like a short speech . "
" Never mind that , " said the captain ; " fire away—wo will listen . " "Applying-the principle to which I have referred , " continued the speaker , " to the sale of colonial lands by the gQvemmettt k I think it will bo seen that the exacting of the payment of the whole sum of the purchase money at once is an erroneous system , on the grounds and for the reasons which 1 have stated . " I grant that by the system at present pursued , the mother country may obtain a present supply of money for her immediate uses ; but taking that sum of money at the highest , it is a miserable item in the great question of national colonisation . It may be said , truly , that in doing so she is
killing the goose for tho sake of the eggs ; and experience has proved the truth of this assertion . " For taking the instance of the Australian colonies , it is the fac . t , that before the sale of lands there wiia a large emigration to those parts by persons possessing small capitals—a most valuable class ; but since tho salo of lands has been in operation there has been no emigration thither , or so small an emigration as . not to be worth mentioning . —And in speaking of the sale of lands , 1 must not neglect to observe on the mode in which sales are effected ; and I must say that , of all modes that could possibly be devised , the present mode—by auction—is the very worst . "Let me shortly trace the proceedings of an emigrant on arriving in one of our Australian colonies .
" Ilis first object is to find a spot of land on which to fix himself . To accomplish this , he must travel over many hundred miles of country , and consume many weeks , perhaps many months , in his search . When he has at last found a desirable tract of land unappropriated , he must give notice to the government surveyor , who , after a certain lapse of time , often considerable , causes it to be surveyed , for the purpose of having it put up to auction . By the government regulations , three months * notice must be given of the sale of public lands , and at the end of that further lapse of time , making the whole delay six months or more , the emigrant has the opportunity of bidding for
the land , which he had ferreted out , in competition with l .-. rge capitalists and land jobbers ! " Now the reasoning of the capitalist and land jobber is thus : —• If this man , after a long search and comparison of various localities , thinks well of this land , it must bo a valuable lot , and , therefore , it must be worth my while to purchase it over his head . '—The land is put up to such competition at the minimum price of one pound per acre ; and what chance has the emigrant of limited means of getting possession of this bit of land ?—So little , that emigrants have ceased to repair to those colonies ; and the old colonists are beginning to perceive the mischievous effects of the system which they clamoured for .
And why did they clamour for it ? Because , so long as land was to he obtained at an easy rate from the public domains , the estates of the old COlonistawere less saleable , and , therefore , inn money sense , less valuable . But by adopting a svstem of sale of the public or government lauds , they thought to raise the value of their own ; and so they did for a time ; but the result has been to stop immigration , and to check so far the increase of population ; so that in the end tbey have gained nothing . For by stopping immigration they have loit the market for their sheep and cattle , of which the new settlers were compelled to be purchasers . Thus their over-greediness has defeated their own object . , . ' to have
"Itwould have been better for them trusted to the general increase of value of colonial lands from the influx of immigrants with capital , and the rise which would have been sure to take place in the value of lands first appropriated to old settlers , near the great towns and in the vicinity of water carriage . , "But it is not with reference to the individual interests of the land-owners in the colonics that this great question ought to be discussed , but with reference to the general national interests , considering the colonies as part and parcel of the l » ntish empire . And with this view , there is b'tle difference of opinion among practical colonists , as to the impolicy of the system of selling lands ' as at present in operation , both as regards the interests of the colonies themselves , and the desirable object
An Emigrant In Search Of A Colony. By Ch...
fanSS X ^ he ' migration ' of persons with I denV- , hL ? f distant regions :. ' For > t own part useless Ianrls Sf - , v ,, . of brin S * ¦'" Wte-iuid hi StSh £ ' - ? T tlon ; and wliethef society policy of [ tf « L ° mt ver y '"« ch . question the ^ aK ^^ ffi ^^ . ^^^ elfenS ^ JfiV comprehensive scale , on theground their Hoife ed exP « - "» f ™ n from the plaeeof SiJ *\? - ¦ th 0 » wl »> claim an imprescriptible Sledoubt ^ re 0 f the land - But . there can be te 7 dofth 6 A' ° perraean ' !^ erfe fcaken » tha * . *• " thena / tof fth K ^ y . . objection to . emigrate on cheerfu \ LuZ ?*? ounnS classes , there would be a ^ SanS ^ * ' ° r rather a ' henr * enthusiasm , PovertV , mL ^ u T sordid ' condition of SSS'StL v . they are ^ Pressed in the old K'K abundance and independence which tuey . would enjoy in thnsn nni . M Af fila . ^*{„„„ i j-
mmions which form its colonies , 7 " " " J ' " thaf'Vh » f at B / , t 3 in * th ° evil complied of is , olovmPn ' r « nV , ™™* Inhabitants' to find ' em i S & H PV ^ -lan d . In the colonies ^ the evil M 3 . " ? ? ' ^ at there are nbt enough people o work the land . . The obvious remedy i ^ thfs case ' I & . ZfOFV ? ^ Surplus population which is starving -Sn tofl » n » -towoi * on , to those lands which are lymg useless for want of labour to work them . 2 S * $ b ? content with this vast benefit , with-? K n ^ t l uee 2 e on * from the small means of tno adventurous emigrants a sum vast for them to P M ^ ' 1 ^ 1 for t ^ te to receive * What is - the value of land in the Australian colonies ^ Unless man makes them-of value by his presence and labour , it ia of no more value ' to threat Britain than land in tho moon . Millions of acres ot land hi . Australia are lvin ? utterly useless
and valueless . There are many ready to make them valuable , but government says ' Jfo ; it is true that those lands are utterly valueless to the mother country , and are likely to remain so ; but before you can be allowed to make them valuable , you must first pay us a sum of money for the permission to make , them available to yourselves , and tO U 8 . * I 3 it POSSible to conceive fatuity of folly more miserable than this ! ' " Those waste and useless lands might be made by occupation and cultivation a mine of wealth to the mother country aa "Well ilS to ttlO emigrant . Here they he , utterly valueless and useless , but ready to return for the labour of man that abundance which nature never refuses to her
industrious children . And there , " on the Shores of Great Britain , stands the labourer—the power of his labour being his capital , which he is ready to apply for ihe production of the wealth which the land is ready to afford . There he stands , starvation on one side of him , and the workhouse oh the other ; but no one thinks- to remove him from destitution and crime to employment and abundance . Day after day , and night after night , the legislature toils on to devise for the wretched creature the means of coercion and of punishment . To that effect a vast expenditure is incurred , and an unspeakable amount of human misery is inflicted . There are a thousand plans for model prisons for punishment—not a single expedient of a model
system for prevention . Political economists and philosophers , and theorists , and visionaries , and Utopians rack their brains for some remedy for the evil , after the evilis suffered . No one seems to advocate the simple remedy of giving the present pauper and future criminal the means of putting his restless hands to work . The burthen of their discourse to thestarving and discontented , is ever ' patience ! ' ' patience ! ' The hungry belly cannot be patient . And all the time the fertile lands which invite the hand of man to evolve their , exhaustlessriches , lie idle , unclaimed and unused ; millions of acres of the fairest and most salubrious portions of the earth , remain without inhabitants , while political economists complain of redundancy of population 1
" But the expediency of a plan of systematic colonisation is to be urged on oth .-r grounds than those of the general and contingent national advantages which would result from its adoption . Were there no other argument to bV advanced in favour of the plan , it may with reason be urged , that the general national advantage consequentially to arise , is argument enough ; but if a more sordid reason is necessary to suit the selfish and moneycalculating spirit of the age , that reason exists . Even on the ground of a commercial speculation , it would be worth while for the state to engage in colonising its unoccupied lands for it may be proved , that the colonists , whom it would plant on them , would return an ample interest for the
national capital iuvested . It makes the philanthropist blush that such an argument should be necessary . But let US lay aside for a moment all consideration of the sufferings of tho people ; let U 8 lay aside all calculations of the ultimate advantages to the mother country , of creating populations of consumers for her goods and manufactures , let us lay aside , also , all expectations of the saving which would arise by the removal of the poor , of the diminution of the poor rates , and let us confine ourselves to the single and simple consideration of laying out so much national capital , and of receiving 'or the outlay so much interest for the money , and on this ground alone it may be shown that it would be a profitable speculation for the U & U 0 u »
"But it is humiliating to view such a noble project in a light so sordid . On the high ground of national justice to the labouring classes of this country , who are willing to work , but cannot find remunerative employment ; and of the not less high an d moral duty of society to its members , tho policy of a systematic planof national colonisation demands the immediate and most serious consideration of parliamehtand of the country . " The colonies of the British empire present the opportunity of advantageously employing a hundred times the amount of our present population with plenty , and comfort , and happiness to the individual , and with an immeasurable increase of wealth to the entire nation . The seas which intervene , instead of being a barrier , are really a facility to intercourse ; and independently of all considerations , the encouragement to our mercantile marine , which
extended commerce with increasing colonies would produce , is a matter of the deepest importance to the prosperity Of a commercial and insular country . " We may return to this very interesting work for some of its vigorous sketches of colonial Me and trials ,
The Sioox Indians.—The Aew York. Tribune...
The Sioox Indians . —The Aew York . Tribune -of the 25 th ult ., contains a report of an interview of the United States Commissioners with the chiefs of the Sioux Indians , the object of which was to conclude a treaty for the purchase of their lands . The Indians struggled hard to obtain the payment of an outstanding balance of 30 , 000 dols . before the ratification of the treaty ; but eventually they were contented with an engagement on the part of the United States Commissioners , that the matter should be immediately attended to . The treaty provides that— " There be perpetual peace between those Indians and the United States ; that they cede all their lands , but have a reservation for a home ; that the United States pay them the sum of £ 1 , 410 , 000 dols . ; that tho chiefs receive 220 , 000
dols , on the ratmcation of this treaty ; that they receive 30 , 000 dols . for the establishment of schoolhouses and other buildings ; that the remaining sums remain in trust with the United States at five pi ? r cent , interest , for forty-two years , and that the principal then revert to the United States , That they receive the following .-mnulties .- —12 , 000 dols , agricultural fund ; 8 , 000 dols . educational fund -, 10 , 000 dols . in goods and provisions ; 30 , 000 dols . in cash . The money left to be expended by the provisions of a former treaty , at the discretion of the President , is by this made payable in cash . Redemption Society . —The open-air meeting at I ' udsey was numerously attended , and the speakers --Messrs . Green , Aramlall , and Henderson—were listened to with evident interest . Several objections to Communism were stated in a most gentlemanly manner by one of the audience , and replied to by-Mr , Green in a way that seemed highly satisfactory to the meeting . At the conclusion , a vote of thanks
to the speakers was carried unanimously . The Redemption Society has no branch at Pudsey , but the Communists there have lately commenced a society with the same laws , called the Pudsey Redemption Society . They have got seventy members already , and are collecting funds to found a community in their own neighbourhood . There is not a room in the vilUge which can be had on any terms for meetings of a really liberal character . This evil the friends have determined to remedy , and they have collected nearly £ 100 towards erecting a suitable buildinj . ' , to bo called the " Hall of FreeJom . *' Two new branches of the Redemption Society have been formed this week at Bradford and Stanningley . The Harvest-home Festival is fixed ^ totake place in the Music Hall , Leeds , on Monday , Oct . 20 th . It will consist ot a tea party , concert , and ball . Monies received for tbn week : —Leeds , £ 2 5 s . lid . Building Fond , 8 s . 2 d . Propagandist Fund , 3 s . 94 d .-J . Henderson , Secretary , 162 , Briggate , Leeds ,
Secession * op thr Dukk of Norfolk from the Romish Cuurch . — It has for some time been rumoured that the head of the Catholic nobility had resolved in seceding from the church of his ancestors , and that occasional attendance at Crowncourt Kirk , had been instrumental to this end . It is now stilted that the Duke and Duchess , with their daughter , Lady Adeliza Howard , have attended .-it the parish church ' of Arundel ,. and last Sunday IoqI \ tt \ e yvMMuont : The National Gallkp . y and the Vernon Collection . —These institutions will be closed for the annual vacation on Saturday next , the 13 th instant , and be opened again to the public on Monday , thfe 27 th oi October .
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I ¦ --'' !T- ' : An Invariably Augm Cehe...
i ¦ -- '' ! T- ' : An Invariably AugM Cehemonul . —The prorogation of Parliament . An angry cook was seen today Mowing tip the fire , because it wouldn ' t burn / - - Gov . —Why are kisses like the Creation ?— liecause they are made out of nothing , and all very good . ' . - ' ¦ - - ; NEEDtBS . —The best needles pass through seventy different processes in the courser of manufacture . , A QfjEBv . —Can anybody tell m whether Cleopatra ' s was the needle that took the' stitch in time that saveo" nine ?—fioicn .
It is easier to pretend to be what you . are not , , than to hide what you really are ; but he that can j accompliah . both , has little to . learn in hypocrisy . Sharp . Rkwti . —An inquisitive priest having asked a young-female her name ,- whilst ia the eonfessidnal , she replied ,- with as much wit as Modesty , " Father , my name is not a sin . " To Paresis . —rBoys that . have been , properly reared are men in point of usefulneas at sixteen , while those that have been brought up-in idleness are a Ruisance at twenty-one . A TeasT BY A , TaIIOB . —A man who- has no bills against him belongs to the highest order of Nobill-ity . • Bkcreawon . —He that spends his time in sports , and calls it recreation , is like him whose garment is all made of fringes , and hia meat nothing but sauces —they are healthless expensiveand useless
, , . - Tub Schoolmaster Warted . —The Birmingham Mercury . says tfiat the following extraordinary notice IS posted up in a conspicuous place in ' a baker's shop at ^ ednesburyi-M peepels vitala . Baet ear n b pyclits moffins Ansetterer has youshall . " Squarin g thb Circle .-V 7 e have long been taught to look-upon this problem as a wild job : and SO it has proved to be , Wyld haviog performed it b y clapping his globe into Leicester-gquaw , aud so 9 < 1 m u f circ , e l—Gptostoad Observer . The Westminster iJevi ' ewhas been sold to Mr . John Chapman , the publisher . This change will make it the organ of the party to which Theodore Parker . Francis ffewman , TrOUde , FaxIM , and Thomas Wilson , belong . The Aekikl Mama . —A man asked a celebrated balloonist what he would do if in want of
refreshment in his aeriel voyage , as there were no hOtelSi He instantly replied that he should have no occasion for them ; he would stop at some of the " castles in the air . " An Unsubstantial Order . — "Do you cast things here V inquired a wag , as he sauntered into Hawks ' s or some other foundry , and addressed the foreman . " Certainly ! it is our business . " " Ah ! well 1 cast a shadow , will you V He was cast out . Dbawing the Long Bow . —A poor man iu Leeds , who had a gossiping wife , informed a friend of his , V as a great secret , " that his wife went out of the house every day forty times to gossip with some of her neighbours , and that she remained out two hours each time !
A Wittt Lady . —Ladies are often annoyed by perplexing questions from the male gender , and sometimes they escape from a direct answer by a happy bon mot . " What are you making , Miss Knapp ? " inquired a familiar acquaintance of a lady . ** A knapp-sack , " was the satisfactory reply . Tight-laciso has completely gone out of fashion amongst ladies in the higher and middle classes , who have discovered that undue compression is destructive of both grace and symmetry . It is amongst young females of the humbler classes that the practice is now roost prevalent .
Odd Ladies . —The married ladies of Pairmount , N . J ., have organised themselves into an Independent Order of Odd Ladies , in order to be revenged upon their Odd Fellow husbands . Their Lodge is kept open half-an-hour longer at night than that of their husbands . Who takes care of the babies ? flow to get a Coach . —The character and style of' * turn-out , " that a man should sportj depends altogether on how often he has " bust up" in business . While the first bankruptcy would justify a barouche , the fifth one may hazard a coach and four . Such , we understand , are the rules laid down in many of our large cities .
Rather Awkwabd . —It is a disagreeable fix to bo placed in , when you essay a bow to a fair friend , on the opposite , side of the way , to have an omnibus obtrude itself just in season for your bow to take , effect directly in the middle of the crowd of passengers inside , half of whom bow to you in return , and the other half stare in a puzzled attempt to recall who you are . The Chinaman and his Wives . —Chung-Att & i , and his brace of wives-his two better halveshave been introduced to the Queen and the Prince at Osborne . An illustrious lady was heard to remark that for one husband to have a couple of wives , seemed an odd way of matching China ; very like giving one cup to two saucers . — Punch . BLOOMBRISM—THE FIRST APPEAL— ( On tlm subject . ) Good ladies all , both young and old , Have you heard the rumour , That all your fashions are' upset By one called Mrs . Bloomer ?
'Tis said that you must now give o ' er The flounces and your skirts ; And for the future you must dress Like infidels—the Turks . TllO pleasure , then , you must forego , Go forth whea . ee ' r you choose ; If wet or fine , no dress you'll have To swag against your shoes . Then you no longer qatl assist Street orderlies in sweeping The paths and roads of surplus dust , And what thereon is creeping . The modesty you so much prize . For ever lost will be , If you that dress attempt to wear-Good gracious 1 goodness me 1 Then for your rights stand boldly forth Sor yield a single inch , As she intends to tnke an oil .
Or more , from dresses , at a pinch , —G . S . The March of Bloomerism . —The Cincinnati Free Press states that there are now one hundred and seventy-five American papers advocating the new style of lady ' s dress . The editor of the Louisville Journal says " he is in favour of short dresses ; that he has not much time to spend with the ladies , and , therefore , while with them , he wishes to see aa much of them A 8 hC C & ll with propriety . " A voiing lady recently appeared at a ball in a neighbouring city dressed in short skirts and pants . The gentlemen admired her neat and comfortable dress , but several ladies accused llCl' of being immodest . She turned to some of them , whose dresses were quite low in the bosom , and replied , " If you will pull up your dresses to a proper place about your necks , you skirts will hang no lower than mine do . "—Hartford Times .
As ednor was married at Boston this month , and has received his bride in Bloomer costume , a white satin tunic , neatly made , fitting snugly around tho waist and close up in the neck , the spencer opening in front like a naval officer ' s vost , and interlaced « la Swiss mountaineers sleeves flowing , white kids , white satin slippers , hair done ; plain , with a wreath of orange flowers over the brow , and a long bridal veil flowing from the crown of the head over the shoulders . —American Paper . Is not this TOO THUE ?—A few friends will go and bury us ; affection will rear a stone , and plant a few flowers over our grave ; in a brief period the little hillock will be smoothed down , and the stone will fall , and neither friend nor stranger will be concerned to a-k whxli one Of the forgotten millions of the earth was buried there . E > ery vestige that we ever lived
upon the earth will have vanished away . All the little memorials of our remembrance—the lock of hair encased in gold , or the portrait that hung in our'dwelling , will cease to have the slightest interest to any human being . Predestination . —I know an old man , who believed that " " what was to be , would be . " He lived in Missouri , " and was one day going out several miles through a region infested , in the early times , with very savage Indians . He always took his gun with him , but this time found that some one of the family had it out . As he would not go without it , some of his friends teased him by saying that there was no danger of the Indians—that he would not die before his time , anyhow . •» Yes , " said the old fellow , '' but suppose I was to meet an Indian , and his time had come , it wouldn ' t do not to have my gun . "—N . Y . Home Journal .
Potatoes . —The Cottage < 7 ard « ner gays , " Let us add our warning " , founded now on years of experience , that there is no plan of preserving potatoes so effectual as storing them in a dry celbr or out house , in alternate layers , with dry earth , SUtld . or coal ashes . It is the most rational mode , even if it had now to be first suggested , for it is imitating as closely as possible the natural mode of preserving the tubers . Our rules Jire , 1 . Let the haulms , before forking up the potatoes , be turned go yellow as to show that the tubers can derive no more nourishment from the stems . 2 . Fork them up and store them during dry weather . 3 . Let the potatoes , the storing materials , and the store place be dry . " stout
" Keep your Resatks . "—A good looking man called at the Post-office , Burnley , the other day , and rather warmly accosted the postmaster as follows : — "Aw say , " mestur , that chap hesn ' getten that brass yet . " Postmaster : " "What brass ?" " Wha that at oi send to Skipton ahaat foive week sin . "—Postmaster : " I don ' t know anything about it . Where did you pay it ? " " Wha yo know v ' arra iv ' eel at oi paid it here , and oi hav ' t resate for ' t at whoam . "—Postmaster ; "What do you moan tos » y ihat you still hold the order whichyoureceived when you paid the money ? " " Oihev ' t resale at whoam ' . " —Postmaster : "Well , then , you had better lose no time in sending the receipt to Ski pton . "— " Wot ? tnun oi send it to ' t chsp in a letter t" Postmaster ' " Yes . ' - "Oh . " iwwmaswi
I ¦ --'' !T- ' : An Invariably Augm Cehe...
The Frask , mn ExPEDmoM . -A letter from Cad tain Parker ,-of . ? Tniio . vo whale ship , sivinir an ' ilM "i c ? Captain Austin ' s expedition up to tha wth of September , J & O , has been brought by Can * l ^ of tho T >^ e ' of Bcnrick " . u pQn-T \ reeSi enter in \ t ^ t n ^ f * " ? "P ^ tions-were about ta enter into winter Quarters on the southern shore * t ^ T ^ i ^^^
Bertie Catqr , had been farther foMowed up by S I ton Ommanney , Capiaur Penny , and- iJLtn fi Haven of the Lnited States expedition , b 25 S beyond-a doubt the safety of Sir John Franklin ^ ships up- to ibis point , which was their first winter quarters , , and durim ? their sojourn at which thera ia not the slightest ground for supposing that any disaster of any description had 1 occurred beyond the ordinary casualties of life among such anunt ber , three men having died of th 3 'two ships * com * panics up to April , 181 G ,- about which period the * would be preparin g to push forward * on the main object of the expedition .
Deautifttk Hair, Whiskers. Iebitows
DEAUTIFttk HAIR , WHISKERS . iEBitows
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* j E- -, & c . maybe , with certainty , obtained-S ?* S r ln & iv 2 ry smttI 1 P <«' ° » of KOSALIE COUBELLE'a i . AMMAN POMADE ^ every morning , instead ' of auy o » or other preparation . A fortnight ' s use will , in most instances , show its surptismg properties in producing aud curlmgYiluskers , Hair , Ac , at any age , from wbatsTee cause deficient ; as also cueeking greyness , & Cl Fbrohlldrenrt is indispensable , forming the basis , of a beautiral hcAti of haw , and rendering , the use of the small comb-unnecessary . Persons who ' hare beeu deceived by ridiculously named imitations oSthki Pomade , will do well-to mane one trial of the genuine-preparation , which thev-wUt never regret . Price 2 g , per pot , sent post free with instructions , & c « o i . x ? S , ' . of « eHty . four stamps , by Madame COtJr * . bi . b , i . ty . place , Ilotborn , iondon . Important Notice—None is genuine unless the signature Kosaue Coupei-lb , ' is m red letters on a whits ground on the stamp ro « n « eaoll package , of lifer prepara-IIUU 9 . TESTIMONIALS , the originals Of which , with many othera , may be seen a * the establishment .
Ad00313
CURES FOR THE UKOUIIED ! HOLLOWIY'S OINTMENT . An Extraordinary Cure of Scrofula , or King ' s Evil . Extract of a letter from Mr . J . II . Alliday , 203 High-street Cheltenham , dated January 22 nd , 1850 . Sib , —My eldest son , when about three years of age , was afflicted with a glandular swelling in the neck , which after a short time broke out into an ulcer . An eminent medical man pronounced it as a very bad case of scrofula , and prescribed for a considerable time without ettect . The disease then for years went OH gradually increasing in virulence , when besides the ulcer in the neck , another formed below the left knee , and a third under the eye , besides seven others on the left arm , with a tumour between the eyes which was expected to break . During the whole of the time my suffering boy had received the constant advice of the most celebrated medical gentlemen at Cheltenham , besides being for several months at the General Hospital
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 13, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_13091851/page/3/
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