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i THE NORTHERN STAR. Makch 14. 1846.
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VHGata&S COCPBE. THE CriAJiYIST'fe WOEKS.
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BANKRUPTS.
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NOTlUli. The great length at which we ha...
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THE lNOKTHERiN STAit SATURDAY, MARCH 14, 1816.
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FROST, WILLIAMS, AND JONES. The great le...
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THE POLISH INSURRECTION,
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PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW. The debate, on the...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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I The Northern Star. Makch 14. 1846.
i THE NORTHERN STAR . Makch 14 . 1846 .
Vhgata&S Cocpbe. The Criajiyist'fe Woeks.
VHGata & S COCPBE . THE CriAJiYIST'fe WOEKS .
Ad00407
( To he had of John Cleave , and all booksellers . ) Just published , TWO ORATIONS AGAIXST TAKING AWAY HUMAN LIFE , USDEli acy Circumstances ; nnd in explanation and defence of the misrepresented doctrine of" Xon Besistance . " ( Delivered in the National Hall , Holborn , en the evenings of February 25 th aud March 4 th . ) Chapman , Brothers , 121 , Newgate-street .
Ad00408
THE PURGATOKY OF SUICIDES . A Prison Rhyme . In Ten Books . ( One Vol ., 7 s . 6 d . ) "The most wonderful effort of intellectual power produced within the last century . "— The Britannia . «« Uer » we have a genuine poem springing out of tlie spirit of the times , and indeed out of the heart , and ex-Wienceof one who haswrestled ^ thaudsuueredmi . It is no other than a poem in ten books , by a Chartist and who boldly sets his name and his profession of Chartism on the title . pase . It is plain that he glories in iispoli ticalfaith more than in his poetry ; nay , his verse jrfrarthe vehicle of that faith , let , nevertheless , it is svigoreus an < 3 most efficient vehicle . We must cordially confess that we have read the whole with a feeling of unfeigned astonishment . * * * We are by no means surprised , having read his poetry , at the effect of his eloquence on the people . It is that of a soul full of thought , fan of bnmingzeal for liberty , and with a temperament that most and will come into action . The man is nil lone aud sinew . * * * He appears to have revelled in history , ancient and modern . His acquirements in this department arc quite amazing . * * * If he Steadily hold on iu single-heartedness , there can be no question that he has before him not only a certain and high reputation , but what is of far more consequence , may ecco : > . c a real hpnefactorto his fellow countrynun of the mi-lion in their pursuit of sound knowledge and Sound liberty . "—Eclectic Betiew . " "We hail tlie writer as a new power in the world of poetry , the ruler of a new domain , as yet but little known , bu * which the public eannot fail to recognise , when its kis ^ s of thought shall put on their singing robes , aw * with fresh voice and soul speak its praises to the world . "—Sentinel . " The book possesses lnind—mind which make itself fdt and understood , and which , therefore , demands retpeet . — -Atltenojum . " Pare , religious , patriotic , he has not a line inimical to the great law of progression . Men may read hira as a preacher poet . His lay is for all time . It will make the heart of the kopvful g low with a holy fire when he who penned it has passed from among men . As man strengthens in knowledge and love—as passion or pvejudicf ; t-spire—as reason g ^ ins and retains her master ; wiH this high-souled man ' s work he increasingly reverenced and read . " — GeneralAdecrtiscr . "Will conceived—wrought out with no ordinary amount of powcr- ^ clearly and concisely expressed . "EJnrrtriWtcd Magazine . " Om of the most extraordinary literary productions oi the day—we may say of the present age—a work which will gain for its a tthor a reputation as lasting , if not as great , as that of Byron , Spenser , and Hilton . "—Kentis " Independent . "Iniensity , passion , is his great characteristic ; and this will constitute the main source of his influence , and , nnless we are much mistaken , will render the ' Purgatory of Suicides' as popular in the political , as Pollock ' s 'Course of Time' in the religions , world . —Nottingham Xetiae . " One of the noblest creations of modern times , deeply impregnated with power and beauty , and glowing in every pnge tvith the aiuraJBings of searching and passionate thrtusht . He wields an intellect of mighty power . "We shall not halt in asserting that in the catalogue of England ' s greatest bards must hereafter be inscribed tlie name of Thomas Coopek . "— Sheffield Iris . " One of those rare works which appear at but distant intervals of time . It proclaims the author to be gifted -with tho spirit of poetry in the highest degree . "—iciwsfcrthire Mercury . "Tke whole work is one which must impress the leader with the conviction that Cooper , the Chartist , is a man of lrfty genius , aud must and will he rememoercd with his 3 au i ' s language . "—Boston Herald ,
Ad00409
WISE SAWS AND MODERN INSTANCES . ( Two Vols , 15 s . ) "A scries of Crabht-like sketches , in prose . Tliey are manifest portraits , and admonish us of the author ' s skill ia t ikir . g die literal likeness . " —ABien'atm . " We brive read suae ot * Uiese stories with deep iclerest , sr . d few , we are persuaded , will rise from their perusal hat with feelinss all the warmer for what they have r . ad . The ? can scarcely fail to be popular with the ni .-1-scs : ' aud , upon the whole , we thiuk they deserve tohe so . "—Atlas . "Th--author excuses the sternness of his pictures by alkglnir 'heir truth . The yustiSeatioa is all-sufficient . Chartisr as Hinse fetches are , tiie . v are healiliiei , in t-i'e andseut-nvjut , than tlie tawdry fictions vamped up f . tr the n : r £ »> g public by some popular writers , that pj oi ' ess to ex afc tilt life of the labouring classes . "—The Britc . i-. iia . *• Oi u truth , tliis Chartist agilntiou has thrown to the surij . ee u « more remarkable a man than Thomas Coorrn , and v . -e much question if there he- any one s « fitted to represent the manufacturing masses , to describe their iranfr , Had expound their wishes , as he . —Keniidi Indepea d'Stt . " Will K-jittrfi and iilieresiifis . The st « . rles eonbsiii some xr-sa and painful pictures of the miserable condition of many « f the i * o-irest ojierative-, while others of them are or a tumorous description . They I ' -iunot fail to he popular wfch the thinking and reading portion of the work ::: ; . ' class ; ? . "—Leicester Chronicle . "Jlmy of the stork-s exhibit considerable vigour of pencil , shrewd sense , and clear-sighted observation , actompar . LHl nidi a kindly , genial ieeliii 2 and toleration , we were not prepared for from so determined a politician . "—Olnrjoa : Citizen .
Ad00410
Also , just jiuoiished , TfiE BARON'S lTLE FEAST . A Christinas Rhyme . In Pour Cantos . ( One Vol ., 5 s . ) "There is a rough earnestness , both in its thoughts and vers-, which is strictly in accordance with the genius of our 'si'lad minstrelsy . If it < 3 oes not show , in point of ahiiitv . an advance on the author ' s ; , revinus production ; , it yet shows thut he cac change his hand without loss of - j'uwvr . "—Tlie Britannia . " Mr . Cooper appears to much greater advantage in this se :: ^> n : ib ! e poem than he din in his more ambitions attempt <; f " The Purgatory of Suicides . " "The Uarou ' s Yule i ' e : ist" has a genial spirit , various subjects , and a popular animat-. il style . The poem is the best of ilr . Gooperr pr <• suctions . "— Spectator . " Tliv most dianiiin * and fantastic feature in this little voluiiiv . with its right dainty title-page , is the exubtraicfr , and , s-jo-i ; to say . flic appositencss of tlie different songschauntod lound the ingle in Torksey Hall . Thomas Coop ? i " s ltcart seemshrimraing over with this spontaneous poetry . The b «> k altogether is an original : it is juM suited Sir ih-t winter ' s iirc-Jde , over a posset and curiS . " —Smi . ' 'Let C « opcr throw away his Chartist notions—and wliai ! .:: * » y » -i t « iio with risiie questions of politics ? , o ! Chart-ri * . =.:: ;! pusitwwl faidis , er * r .- <' , and the like?—and he may m ' kv r . U place high up in the Temple of Fame , arose of Ku ;; la « dV greatestav . d tvuest-heaued : > octs . The man »!;* ¦ , . -. -. ;• write such exijuisitt-geins as this little volume ahous - s with , may , aud he will , carve out for himself a naif .-- as i-adariug as die language in which in' pen-, tile * thotigMs that bivathe , and words thnt iiurii . ' Altogether , this is : he best Christmas bonk we hava yet seeu . "Leicesiir ( ToryJ Journal .
Ad00411
' / his- day is Published , Feo '> cvp Svo ., Ciotli , Price 7 s . C- ! ., TilE ASISTOCKACr OF EXGLAXV ; A History for the r--, C-. ' . Hy Jo ' in IlHiv , »> Jen , Juu . —W . uJub " - t'hapuiai . ' , Jijyl . ' zt-ra . i-i , ' it . vgalc-slrMt .
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BOND ' S PERMANENT MARKING INK . THE 01 UGINAL , WITHOU T PREPARATION . For writing Initials . Names , or Ciphers , upon Linen , & c , for the purpose of Identity . THIS Composition unite * every requisite , aud is admitted to be the only article similarly used , the mark of which does not run in the wash , and which has given satisfaction to every purchaser , it being universally preferred for its fixity and neatness of impression . Prepared by the Inventor , John Bond , chemist , 28 , Long-lane , West Smithfield , and sold by most stationers , & c . Price Is . per bottle .
Ad00413
A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . UBSDELL ASD CO ., Tailors , are now making up a complete Suit of Superfine Black , any size , for £ 3 ; Superfine West of England Black , £ 3 10 s . ; and the very best Superfine Saxonj-, £ 5 , warranted not to spot or Change colour . Juvenile Superfine Cloth Suits , 24 s . ; Liveries equally cheap—at the Great Western Emporium , Nos . l and 2 , Oxford-street , London ; the noted house for good black cloths , and patent made trousers . Gentlemen can choose the colour and quality of cloth from the lairest stock in London . The art of cutting taught .
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GDLOSSEUM .-NOTICE .-PRICE OF ADMISSION DURING THE HOLIDAYS !! Day Exhibition ......... 2 s . Evening Do , 2 s . Cd . Children under Twelve Is . Stalactite Caverns Is . extra . 1 " < nE DAY EXHIBITION consists of the Museum of Sculpture , Grand Picture of London , Albambra Conservatories , Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , Classic lining , Swiss Cottage and Mont Blanc , with Mountain Torrent , & c . & c . Open from Tin till Four o'Clock . EVENING . —The new aud extraordinary Panorama of London in Night , Museum of Sculpture , Conservatories , asad Gorgeous Gothic Aviary , & c , brilliantly illuminated ' , Swiss Cottage , Mont Blanc , aud Mountain Torrent represented by Moonlight . Open from Seven till a Quarterpast Ten o'Clock . A gband Ohchestka Oboan , en which the most admired Ovebtobes , « fcc ., are played , from Two to Four and awn Eight till Half-past Ten o'Clock . The whole projected aud designed "J Mr . William " * 'a we'l .
Ad00415
REDUCTION OF PRICES . THE Trials of the Fifty-nine CHARTISTS , published in Eight Tarts , at Scvcnpence each , now offered iu complete sets , at One Shilling per set . The same done up in cloth , with portrait , title , & c ., Two Shillings per copy . Portraits which irom time " to time have bsen presented with tlie Sorthem Star , and latterly sold at One Shilling each , now ofiered at Threepence each : —Richard Oastler , Robert Eiumett , John Frost , John Collins , P . 51 . Mc'Douall , tlie ltev . J . K . Stephens . "View of Monmouth Court Huusc during the Trial of Frost , Williams , aad Jones . The First Convention . Letters of F . O'Connor , Esq . ., to Daniel O'Connell , Esq . Published at One Shilling e . ich , offered at Fourpence . Price Fourpence , The Employer and Employed . By F . O'Connor , Esq . A few copies only of the latter remain on hand , and , considering die very low price at which it was published , it is not likely to be reprinted . Those who wish to possess it had better make application to bis bookseller or news-agent early , to prevent bang disappointed . A . HEY WOOD having purchased the whole of the above stock from Mr . O'Connor , is anxious to clear them off as soon as possible ; and to enable him to do so , offers them at the very low prices enumerated above . Agents liberally treated with . The above may be had on application to any of the agents of the Star , or upon order through any bookseller in thf country . Boiksellers in the country arc requested to refer their London agent to apply lor tliemto Mr . T . Watson , Paternoster-row ; or to Mr . J . Cleave , Shoe-lane , Fleet-street ; through whom they will be supplied . Abel Heywood , 38 , Oldham-street , Manchester .
Ad00416
FARMING . Just published , a new Edition , neatly done up in cloth , price 2 s . 6 ( 1 ., on THE 3 IA > 'AG £ irEXT OF SMALL FARMS . By F . O'Cossok , Esq . Manchester : Abol Heywood , 58 . Oldham-street . Lon-• ion : J . Watson , St . Paul's-alley , Paternostrr-row ; and J . Cleave , Shoe-laue . Ana may be had of all booksellers and agents throughout the country .
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EDUCATION . This day is published , demy 12 mo ., cloth , price Eighteenpence , THE NEW ETYMOLOGICAL EXPOSITOR , or Pronoii . 'icing Spelling Book ; containing a selection of Words commonly used by the best writers , with their pronunciation , derivation , & c . By William Hill . Much care and labour has been bestowed upon the above work , so as to make it the very best of its kind . Also , by the same Author , price Is ., the Rational School Grammar . Also , price Is ., the Companion to tho Rational School Grammar . Absl Hoy wood . 33 , Oldhaiu-street , Manchester ; London , J . Watson , PatvYuftsiev-vow ; J . Cleave , Shoe-hrae , Fleet-street : and all booksellers .
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REMOVAL . J WATSON , BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER , . announces to bis FRIENDS , th-= PUBLIC , and the TRADE , that iris business will , for the future , be carried onat >' o . 3 , -QUEEX'S HKAI ) ' PASSAGE , PATERSiJSTEfi-SOW , where all orders and eoniniuiiications must be addressed . s . d . Palmer ' s Principles « . f Nature , one vol ., Cloth . ' 2 0 do . do . do . in a wrapper . 1 ( i Cooper ' s Holy Scriptures , analyzed 0 S ScrJpruriais ' s Creed . By Citizen Davies 0 2 Letter opening at the Post-ollice , with some account Mf the Brothers Baudiera . By J . Mazzfci . 0 4 Shcilej's Queen Mab . cumplctv : 1 0 Ma ?«» ue of Anarchy O S Central Physiology and Materialism . By . W . C . Eugleuue , M . U 0 4 On t ' ue connection between Geology and the Pentateuch , in a letter to Professor Silliawau . tty Thomas Cnoper , M . D 0 0 Right of Fret Discussion . By T . Cooper , M . D . 0 3 LONDON : J . WATSON , 3 . QUEEN'S HEAD PASSAGE , PATERNOSTER-ROW .
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WAR WITH AMERICA . NOW PUBLISHING , in I ' eiinv numbers , or Sixpenny Parts , a complete HISTORY OF AMERICA , beaufifu . ly i'lustrated with Plaits and Vignette Engravings , from the period of its discovery down to the present time , detailing the number of distinct communities therein , the different views which actuated its founders , and the extent of territory over which it spreads , by J . FiOFt , A . M . Thv stjle iu which this history is written is pleasant , graphic , and perspicuous : the author has evidentl y pwted Hie tost authorities ; aud his narrative possesses all the ' . hannsofari . mance , while it records truths beyond all suspicion . ' Wa cordially approve of the work , and irish h the success which it so eminently deserves . — WeelA-i Dispatch . The viiibslHshments consist of engravings , illustrating tlie ii ! 3 % t important and striking events in American : ir . na ' . s . They are at ouce numerous and striking . — Minting Adverser . It is proiusi-ly embillished with highly finished anil beautiful engravings , and is just such a work as we can most heartily recommend to our readers . —The Northern Star . London : Wiilou ? hIiy and Co ., Aldersgate-strcet ; Hey wood , Manchester ; and all the agents of the Star throaj'i out ihe country .
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TO TAILORS . Uyap rohation ufiler Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria and HisRoyu ) llighn-.-ss Prime Albert . fTUlE LONDON and PARIS FASHIONS for Winter , A . 1345 aud leiO , by READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Kloomabury-ssjuaie , Loii'ioii ; Berger , Mol vwell-street , Strand , London , and may be had of all Booksellers wheresoever residing ; a very superb Print , representing the most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , Rc ^ ciit ' s-patk , LowImu . This exquisitely executed and beautifully coloured I ' rint will be accompanied with fullri ; e Uress , Frock . atid Riding CoatPatterns ; also , Patterns iif the New Fashionable Polka Frock , and Locomotive Hiding Costs , and an extrafitlmg Fashionable Waistcoat pattern , will : every part complete , aud a foil explanation > fthe niaisi < : t' o : cutting and making them up ; also ! 1 wtra plat « , including ^ sec tions , i forcntting fancy coats , I for waistcoats , the other for cutting Coat Collar iVs , tu-ri ; 5 . in proportion , for all sizes , so that any person . nay c ..: ! ipieie the whole in the most correct manner , without a previous knowledge of anj system of cutting whatever . Price ( as usual } , the who ]* , 10 s „ orpust free , voauy part of England , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales , lis . System of Cutting , 2-js ; Patent Measures , Ss the set Patterns , p-st free , is each ; to be hud of all booksellers . For particuiai s . see " Towuseud's Parisian Costumes , ' 'Gazelle of Fashion , " " London and Paris Magazine oi Fashion , " The - ' Losilon and Country Press , " & c
Bankrupts.
BANKRUPTS .
[ Froii the Gaztlte of Friday , March Gl / i . l James Shaw , linhjhti budge , licensed victualler—John liawkiv . s , U « iypi » vt , Ilevks , iiutcher—benjamin Louis Jh-y-i- ] tuii : scii : l < 5 , Great Quueu-stivet , LiiiculiiVinniields , diamond merchant—lliehavd llhieklueka , J-y
Notluli. The Great Length At Which We Ha...
NOTlUli . The great length at which we have reported tho debates in Parliament , and the glorious insurrection in Poland , has reluctantly compelled us to withhold our weekly summary . However , we could not abridge those matters .
The Lnoktherin Stait Saturday, March 14, 1816.
THE lNOKTHERiN STAit SATURDAY , MARCH 14 , 1816 .
Frost, Williams, And Jones. The Great Le...
FROST , WILLIAMS , AND JONES . The great length at which we have reported the debate ou Mr . Du \ vco . mbk ' s motien would render any extensive commentary unnecessary , had not the lawyer members , and a portion of the press , succeeded to a considerable extent in so mystifying the case as to puzzlo the brains of ordinary men . Of tho debate itself , aud tho temper in which it was conducted , we shall first speak . Mr . Duacombe , in his opening speech , displayed all the tact of a practised advocate , the shrewdness of a senator , and the feelings of a gentleman . The honourable member for Finsbury saw the difficulties with which the case wns
surrounded , and the consequent necessity of limiting the debate as much as possible to the humane and merciful portion of the subject ; and in this he succeeded , even beyond our most sanguine expectations . There are men , It is true , who , with such a theme for oratory and display , would have established a character for eloquence , philanthropy , and patriotism , regardless of the damage that such course might entail upon their clients . Not so with Mr . Diwcombk , however ; for it was manifest that whenever the sudden burst of ovcrfecling was calculated to carry the discussion beyond the limits within which it was necessary to restrain it , its expression was instantly checked ; and all thought of display was merged in public duty , and the interest of those whose cause he had undertaken .
So completely had Mr . Dvscomdk succeeded in his judicious opening-speech , that even Graham himself was melted into softness , and fettered to the stake of mercy . His speech was just such a speech as should at all times characterise England ' s Home Secretary . It was tender , humane , and merciful , and s tripped of that repulsive Ministerial caution which sometimes leads ordinary men to look upon Ministers of the Crown as bespoke for their respective offices . Indeed , so far had Sir James Graham
committed the Crown to the release ot the prisoners , that we feel convinced that had the debate closed after his speech , Mr . Buncombe would have abstained from dividing the house . The unfoitunate member for the city of Edinburgh , however , with that distinguishing characteristic of unsightly men , which puts them out of sort with everything human ami divine , seized the opportunity of rending the tether of the Ilonie Secretary , and of expanding the field of discussion commensurate with his own unbounded
antipathy and spleen . He ground his hurdy-gurdy , as is his custom , upon the old tune of Chartist avowal and Chartist intentions , with a few variations . He dwelt , with peculiar emphasis , upon the notion of a plebeian linen-draper establishing himself as President of an English republic ; but he forgot the rapid transition of a briefless pauper barrister , who pleaded in forma pauperis before the electors of Leeds so successfully as to induce them , not only to pay the expenses of his election , but even for his board and
lodging , whilst he imposed upon them by professions of the gigantic performances which must result from his return ; but they have not forgotten that he sold them for £ 10 , 000 a-year ! He also had the audacity to taunt Fuost with his cowardice , but he forgot that he evacuated the " Invincible , " surrounded by 30 , 000 excited confederates , upon the approach of Richard Oastlkr and not more than 200 of the working classes ! He forgot that he scampered off , leaving his supporters to secure their own safety as best they could . This man did the question ail the damage
that he could . Mr . D ' Israeli followed , and did the cause net less damage . Like all men without fixed principles or humanity , the condition ' of Fuost and his fellows was to hint but a mist , through which he saw his own disappointment , his own party , and his own enemies . He merged . the question in the one consideration of self . The speech of Saint IIashy Indus was not a SOBER reflection of his Christian heart , it was the reflex of his jolly face ; more cheering upon the occasion than we have seen it for some time . He spoke rather in favour of the motion , but voted against it .
The speech of Mr . Wakley , in reply , was a good speech , an able speech , a telling speech for his clients , and a cutting sarcasm upon the construction of the House . The speech of the Hon . Jamks Woktlkv , brother of Lord Wuarkclikh ; , Judge-Advocate and leading counsel for the Chartists who were tried in IS-10 at York and Liverpool , was just what Mr . Duscumue characterised it—" a vindictive , sail"Binary , and blood-thirsty speech ; " and , in order to strengthen the position of the Crown , this government hack assured the House , that , upon his conscience , he believed the Newport riots had been the
cause of the outbreaks at Sheffield and Bradford Such was the language of the Honourable James Woutlkv in the House of Commons ou the 10 th ot March , 1 S 4 G . Let us now sec what the hired declarations of this honourable gentleman were on March the 11 th , 1840 , when defending those very Yorkshire Chartists . The Honourable James Stuaut Wortley said , that '* ' he had a perfect right to taunt the Attorney-General with having used Harrison , tlie spy , as the means of getting up this outbreak . He reminded the learned gentleman that the Solicitor General at Newport defended the principle of employing spies , but he denied that there was any
connection whatever between * the two cases . He unhesitatingly asserted that the government had justified recourse to open violence to change the law , by having resorted to it themselves TO ACCOMPLISH THE REFORM BILL . " Again , in April , 1340 , when defending the Chartists at Liverpool , tlie learned gentleman said , " That there was no doubt of the abstract proposition that Englishmen had a right to the possession of arms for self-defence , and that , if the national compact were really broken , they had a right to RESORT TO STRONG MEASURES . " *
Now , that ' s strong language for a Minister to have used ; but , perhaps , legal ingenuity may be called to his aid to furnish a case of infraction of compact . Well , the whole of the speech of the learned gentleman at "Xork , as well as that at Liverpool , went to establish the fact , that the COMPACT HAD BEEN BROKEN , not only by the enactment of the Reform Bill , but by the means resorted to by the Ministers of the Crown for carrying the measure . But if that is not sufficient ground , we state tho Poor Law Amendment Act as more than proof that the compact was broken .
The speech-of Sir Robert Peel was a mere cautious retractation of the merciful hope held out by Sir James Graham , and a Ministerial fencing of the prerogative of the Crown . The speech of Lord John Russell w as such as , apart from all other considerations , would incline us to regard his accession to office as an assurance of the restoration of Fuost , Williams , and Jones , and struck us as an open bid rustic with that very view . Such was the character of the debate , closed by a slashing summary from
Mr . Duncomke . Here ho was more unfettered , and had more extensive ground to go upon , and hero he shone as a debater . His appeal to Macaulkt , why he had not stood up for the prerogative of the Crown in the case of the Canadian rebels , was unanswered and unanswerable ; while his denunciation of Mr . Wortlky ' s cohl-Woudetl syeeeh . mist haw been witlioiiiig to ihe honourable gciitlcnnn , Having said so much upon the debate , wo now turn to a consideration of the two important [ mints relied upon by the Crown—firstly , the point of law ; secondly , that
of prerogative . In point of law , said Sir J . Graham , Mr . Wortley , and Sir Rohert Peel , the parties have but a mere fiction to stand upon , because the only benefit that would have accrued from the timely settlement of the point in their favour would have been a postponement
Frost, Williams, And Jones. The Great Le...
of the trial until the informalities had been corrected . We are not so much astonished at Sir RomsniPEKLand Sir James Graham , civilians , being led into this error , as wo are astonished at hearing so monstrous a doctrine propounded by an English barrister . In every case , whether civil or criminal , tho whole pleadings up to execution are so many fictions , and execution executed is alone the end of tho law . Now , we will put a case in civil action . Suppose the plaintiff has committed such an irregularity in any one of the requisite stages as must be fatal to his cause , we ask whether defendant ' s
counsel would not rely upon such informality as a justifiable reason for diminished activity ? For instance , if the hearing of the case required the production of several witnesses from several parts of the kingdom , would not the informality in the plaintiff ' s proceedings justify defendant ' s counsel in arresting the attendance of those witnesses ? Now , sec the parallel . The trial of Frost , in whose behalf the point was raised , lasted eight days ; and who will say , that from more than a fiction , it may be fairly presumed that the strong reliance of counsel upon the reserved point did not lead to less activitv than might have
been otherwise used ? In fact , we are aware that such was the case , and we are aware that the whole case was proceeded with under this conviction ; and , therefore , tho only rational conclusion Is , even admitting the position of Mr . " Wortley , that the men have never yet been legally tried . But then humanity , upon the part of Mr . Maole , is pleaded as a reason for this informality . It is asserted that the prisoners were rather benefited than injured by the irregularity . Let us see . The fact is , that the indictment furnished for the instruction of tho prisoners by the humane Mr . Maule never reached them . It
was purchased from the solicitor of one of them by Mr . Powell , the correspondent of the Times , and served upon that journal , and not upon the prisoners , This we have from Mr . Powell ' s own lips , who , in " presence of the attorney who sold it , said , in a dispute , "You know it ' s false , you know the prisoners never saw the indictment ; you know that I bought it , and paid for it , and there ' s the purse that the money came from ! " Then , with regard to the humane Mr . Maule , he was sworn upon this point ,
although the evidence is carefully withheld , and he swore that he had not given this humane Instruction to any of his clerks upon which the point was raised ; when a noble-spirited young fellow , without being sworn , started up and said , " Yes , sir , you gave me orders when you were going away to serve the documents precisely as they were served . " This amicus ciirku was met with astern " Sit down , sir ; " and the humane Mr . Maule blushed red as scarlet . Now this fact can be proved on oath , .
Upon the whole , then , quite agreeing with the fifteen judges who decided that , if the point had bc « : n raised at an earlier period , the result would have been a new trial , we nevertheless assert that the men have never been tried . What is the reason that the law requires strict compliance with so many nice legal technicalities in criminal cases ? It is because there is not the same extensive appeal in those cases that there is in mere misdemeanours ; and we shall ever contend , that , if there was a much less flaw than that said to be fatal by six of the ablest judges , the prisoners were entitled to acquittal . We now come to the question of mercy , which is whimsically reserved as the
attribute of the Crown , We ask if that course has not been taken in the numerous memorials presented by Sir Jamks Graham ? We ask if the significance of those memorials , and their value , is notconstrued for her Majesty by the Home Secretary himself ? Well , then , what more legitimate course than to convey the full force of public opinion through the House of Commons to the Home Secretary , and through that functionary to the Crown ? That it has been used in innumerable minor cases is an undeniable factin fact , that it is the rule , and not the exception . Why , then , attempt to make an exception in a case in which 3 , 000 , C 0 l ) ot * petitioners have evinced a deep and intense interest ?
We snail return to the subject again , because the tone of the debate rather leads us to hope than to despair ; and because there is something due to the THREE MILLION petitioners who have thus , in less than three weeks , nobly done their duty to their exiled friends , Who will now say that the Chartists are a disorganised body ? And with this observation we would conclude , were it not for the stern necessity imposed upon us for devoting a word of comment upon the position of her Majesty ' s Solicitor-General , He was the counsel for Frost , and assured ns of the validity of the point ; and yet .
when the case of his client was re-heard on Tuesday night , he sat as a prostitute , with sealed lips , as far as the interest of his client was concerned , but whispering counsel into the ears of his new masters . We would ask , is the style and charaeit-r of a gentleman to be thus merged in the oflieial i ? And may not the barrister , in truth , be designated as a prostitute who hires himself for the indiscriminate support of right and wrong > . It was painful to sec the heart that was roused to sympathy for the cold-blooded murderer , seared against mercy when pleaded on behalf
of his client ami his victim . The honourable gciltloman reminds us of the Irish attorney , who was EMPLOYED for the plaintiff , but CONCERNED for the defendant . We by no means despair of the restoration of our friends , while we return thanks for tho nation to their advocate , who has so nobly pleaded their cause against such fearful prejudices and odds ; nor can we withhold our thanks from the bravo minority who supported him ; while , with God's blessing , the Moleswoutus , the BhOtiieutoks , the
Protiiekoes , the Naciers , the Foxes , the Phillii'ses , and the Christies , the worst of all , shall feel the full measure of our vengeance when they dare to present themselves upon the public hustings . Nor shall the runaways , Conoo and Bright—who skulked out ot the House just previous to the division—escape . Our next petition shall be to a new House , signed by five millions , and accompanied to the door of the House by five hundred thousand , praying for the restoration of the men , and the enactment of our principles .
The Polish Insurrection,
THE POLISH INSURRECTION ,
Back to the struggle—bullied iu the strife , " War—war , " is still the cry— " War even to tlie knife !" —— Byuhh .
In another part ot * this paper our readers will find ample details of the desperate struggle now raging in unhappy Poland . The reports from that country for some time past must have led our readers to expect this issue of the merciless svstem to which the Poles
have been subjected since 1 S 81 . It is now seventy years since Poland was first assailed by her robbcrneighhouiy , and despoiled of her national existence . In the course of that time she has , however , never liiiled to protest against the giant wrong of which she is the victim , and sealed her several protests with the blood of her children . Repeated insurrections have attested the vitality ofPolaiul , and the unquenchable desire for freedom which stimulates her sons The insnricction , headed by Kosciusko , had been
quelled but a few years when the insurrections of 1807 , 1801 ) , and 1812 , followed in rapid succession . The glorious , though unfortunate , insurrection of 1880-51 , will be within the recollection of ail our reader ? . The battles fought , the victories won , the superhuman courage of the Poles in that contest , exhibited under the most tiying difficulties , need nut to hi recited hove ; that struggle is embalmed in history , and , independent oi all other historical associ'AtwiY * , would ttt * itstslf suffice to ensure for Poland an undying name ,
Whether the present struggle will be more successful , or so protracted , it is impossible to foresee ; but when or how it may terminate , at the worst the restoration of Poland will not be lost , it will but be delayed . Although we have occupied several columns of outpaper with the details of the present insurrection , giving , in fact , all that the German and French journals have furnished us with , we , nevertheless , feel
that the intelligence given is meagre , unsatisfactory , and often contradictory . A number of the French journals , with every disposition to serve the Polish cause , are , nevertheless , as bad off as ourselves , inasmuch as they , too , have to depend for the most part upon tho Ge rman papers , which papersbeing subjected to the censorship , are anything but safe guides when reporting a struggle like tho present . The following facts are however , certain : —1 st . That an extensive
" conspiracy" exists throughout Poland , not confined to any one of the divisions , but embracing the entire country . 2 nd . That the city of Cracow , the ancient capital of Poland , has been taken possession of , and held by the patriots . 3 rd . That the sympathy of , tlie German people for , and with the revolutionists , is of the most enthusiastic character , and if the Poles can hold out but a very short time—a few weeks , or perhaps days—the Rhine , as well as the Vistula , will be the scene of
revolution . The courage and devotion ef the Revolutionists must command tlie admiration of Europe . Men sacrificing their private property—priests stripping the churches of their treasures—the Jews offering their wealth and credit—undisciplined men , armed with scythes , combatting and vanquishing the forces of one of the first military states in tho world—women renouncing the natural timidity of their sex , and , sabre in hand , encouraging their lathers , husbands , and brothers , to die for their country and liberty : these noble sacrifices present a spectacle which must move the hearts and lire the veins of the lovers of liberty in every land .
Not less deserving of our admiration arc the principles proclaimed by the members of the Provisional Government . Their manifesto appeared iu our fourth edition of last week , and will be repeated in all our editions this week . Tlie principles set- forth in that document are our principles , tlie principles of democratic Europe . Poland has been too long cursed with . class distinctions , the privileges of caste , the tyranny and slavery of opposite castes . This has been the source of all her evils and calamities . This made her nobles tyrannical , factious , and licentious
and her peasants slavish , apathetic , and brutal . But for this radical "wrong in the constitution of Polish society , the several partitions of the country by the crowned brigands of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , would never have been consummated . This caused the failure of the insurrection of 1830 . And if the present struggle shall end in ruin , we are convinced it will be principally owing to this mournful factthe brntalisation of the peasantry , the consequence of the system of " privilege" which is not yet extinct in Poland .
Now , the Revolutionists propose to change all this . "Let there be no more privileges . From this moment ive recognise not any difference . " Here is a declaration of perfect political liberty . Again : — " Let us endeavour to establish a community , where each shall enjoy the goods of the earth according to his merit and his ca 2 mcity . The nation shall have the absolute property of the land , which to-day is only enjoyed by some . " Here is a return to justice—the Land declared National Property / , and each man promised the full fruits of his labour . This is what in the Old World and in the New the enlightened people demand . This is what the working men of Britain are hent upon obtaining . This forms the ever-growing , and yet to be
the all-absorbing question in the United States , on the solution of which depends tho existence of that great republic . This practical equality , proclaimed and combatted for by France in ' 93 , the Polish patriots now offer as the prize of victory . Lastly , the manifesto appeals to the Polish people to fight only against tyrants and their armed slaves— "for we fight not against nations , but against their oppressors . " Here is the hand of brotherhood held out to all men , without which . true freedom cannot be achieved or maintained . " Equality , Libeutv , Fraternity , " the old watchword which half a century ago thrilled the hearts of the nations , is again sounded on the banks of the "Vistula—shall it be sounded iu vain ?
What are the chances of success ? In Posen , the insurrection has been paralysed by the arrest of the leaders . Not less than a thousand nobles , landed proprietors , audothers , are in prison , including some of the men on whom the success of the revolt mainly depended . On the 3 rd , an attempt was made to liberate the prisoners , which was unsuccessful ; but the very attempt shows that the Revolutionists arc not crushed even in Posen . The accounts from Gallieia are so obscure and contradictory that it is difficult to form an opinion of the state of things there . The German journals represent the towns to be ripe
tor revolt , while , on the other hand , the peasantry are said to be on the side of the Austrians , or , at least , aiding them by a merciless destruction of their masters . At the time we write ( Thursday evening ) the latest news , as derived from the Universal Prussian Gazette of the 7 th , announces that Cracow was entered on the 3 rd by the Russian troops ; but'this as yet requires continuation . It is remarkable that this intelligence gives no particulars of the entry of the Russians—whether tliey entered with or without opposition ; whether the patriots submitted themselves prisoners , or whether thev
evacuated the city . . If Cracow has been taken , whethei forcibly or otherwise , and if also the main body of the patriots have retired without being crushed , it wil ] be but a transfer of the insurrection , likely to lead to its speedy extension . An agent of the Provisional Government of Cracow arrived in Paris on Monday , and lie stated that the patriots meant not to defend Cracow ; that only one of the three expeditionary columns which left Cracow had been dispersed , that another had established itself on the
Carpathian mountains , while the third ( erroneously stated to have been defeated by General Benedek ) had entered laroslaw ( half way between Cracow and Lemberg ) , and that the peasants of that country were well disposed towards their cause . Letters from Courland of the 24 th ult . state that , in Semogitia ( now the Government of Wiina ) , tranquillity " prevailed , but the province was ready for revolt , Success in that direction would be of the utmost importance , because it would facilitate the arrival of arms and stores .
But whether victory or defeat shall be the result of this struggle , the people of this country have certain duties to perform irrespective of all such considerations . Right is ever right , independent of success or failure . The Polish patriots have right on theirsidc ; and he who aids them not , by eVery means in his power , is a traitor to the human race . * We commend to our readers the eloquent address by the Poles to the Prussian people , which address we know is heartily responded to by our German brothers , and which response they will give evidence of ere long , if tliis struggle is not immediately brought to an end . The greatest agitation pervades Germany , and it is with difficulty the revolutionary spirit is held in
check . France , paralysed by the libcrticidal sway of Louis Piiilippk , at first viewed this manifestation of Polish life with apathy—but that apathy exists no longer . A committee of eminent men has been formed to watch over and aid the insurrection , and all the liberal journals are devoting their energies to influence public opinion in . behalf of Poland . Subscriptions of money are pouring in "; and so far is public sympathy awakened , that even the aristocratic Opera-house is occupied by armed police to prevent the audience expressing , by their cries , regard for Poland . What are m doing ? Wtmt manifestation has the British people given of their sympathy with Poland ? Hear what is expected of us : —
l \ o demand , says the Coiirriei-i-Vmicdis , the intervention of the government in lavour of Poland , tin immediate intervention by arms should it be necessary , for the monient of aciiun is come for France and for the government . If war alone can save Poland , we wish for wain such a holy war every chance would be in our favour ' We should have all Germany with us , we should have Hungary , Italy , Bohemia , and all nations which possess neither independence nor liberty . Weshould haw Emkml mlh « ,, and of this m shall have the roof to-morrom by the English journals rehich will speak of the sympathy edited in London by the heroki effort * of the insurgents of Cracow But wh y do we speak of war ? If M . Cubot had the least courage ; tf hu were the real minuter of the levohion ot July , M . Guizot w „ ld save Polauu . and we shouW not ewha , ^ ball with the op rrcs , ors \> f that iS .
country . Send 50 , 000 men to the Rhine ; send 50 , 000 men to the foot of the Alps ; let your fleet keep tho passage free across the Black Sea , and that will be sufficient . Let us not be told of the power of Austria , or of Prussia , or of Russia , for it is evident they would te at your mercy . You become at once tho arbiters of Europe , and the present mendacious balance of power in Europe would be changed for one strong ly constituted on the uuperisiiable principle of our two great involutions . Alas ! the English journals , tlie Courrier Frangais so confidently looked forward to , would give no sign of British sympathy with Poland , with the exception of one journal , the Horning Advertiser . The
rest of the London daily papers either advocate the cause of tlie oppressors of Poland , or abuse the patriots for what they call their "ill-timed , " "ill-advised , " " unfortunate , " " hopeless , " ifcc , struggle . If , then , there has been no manifestation of public opinion in this country , the people are not so much to blame as those false leaders of public opinion , the journalists , who , instead of creating and guiding , too often burke or mislead the public mind . There is another party whose silence is inexcusable ; we speak of the men who have- been accustomed to patronise the 1 ' olish . cause . Where is Lord Dudley Stuart , and his aristocratic friends ? Where isDr . Bowbinoand
, his liberal friends ? Why has there not been a metropolitan demonstration before now ? Even yet shall there not be one ? Excepting the conductors of the press , we reproacli no one ; we nsk their sympathy for Poland even yet , at the eleventh hour . The parties we have named are men of wealth and influence ; and therefore can best take tho lead in this suggested manifestation of sympathy . But to the people we also appeal . " For our liberty and yours , " was the motto of the Poles , and still is . Working men of Britain , their
cause is your cause , the cause of universal freedom ami justice . If you cannot give physical aid to your brethren , at least give them the moral aid of your sympathy . If you cannot give pounds , at least give pence . Money is wanted and will be wanted , and however small the sum given , tho giver proves by his gift the sincerity of his sympathy . Let not our French brothers shame us . Let us , too , have our subscription . Who will be the first to give a pound , a shilling , or a penny for Poland ? We are poor , but we will not be the last .
\\ c abhor war , we deplore the fatal necessity fo the struggle now deluging Poland with blood , but on the heads of Nicholas and his fellow-tyrants be the responsibility of the blood now flowing . By their robbery of a nation ' s rights—by their savage persecution of a noble people—by their flogging of women and destruction of children—by their war against thought , and the other hellish means they have employed to establish tyranny in the place of freedom , ignorance in the place of knowledge , misery in the place of happiness , and barbarism in the place of civilisation ; they have provoked the present struggle
which we earnestly pray may result in the discomfiture of the tyrants and the triumph of their victims . Blood shed in such a cause is well shed ; may it not be poured in vain ! " Though foul are the drops that oft distil On the field of slaughter , blood like this For liberty shed , so holy is , It would not stain the purest rill That sparkles in the bowers of bliss . O ! if there be on this earthly sphere , A sight , an offering heaven holds dear , 'Tis the last libation liberty draws From the heart that bleeds aud breaks iu her cause . "
Parliamentary Review. The Debate, On The...
PARLIAMENTARY REVIEW . The debate , on the motions of Messrs . Etwall and Christie , with reference to the Andover Union , and the conduct of the Poor Law Commissioners , scarcely falls witliin the retrospect of tho week . There were , however , some circumstances connected with it , which , taken in connection with the brief notice we could only give in our postscript last week , will warrant a few additional remarks , At the time the inquiry took place into the mingled tissue of cruelty and lust which spread disgust and indignation throughout the country , we were of opinion that jt would inflict the most deadly blow on this infernal law which had
ever previously been aimed at it . The result has justified our expectations . Disgraceful as were the revelations made during the inquiry at Andover , under Mr . Parker , the political turpitude disclosed on the part of the men in office far exceeds it . The Cerberus of Somerset House stands not only convicted of systematic and relentless warfare against honest poverty , but of meanness the most disgusting , falsehood the most infamous . The conduct of the Official Administrators ot * this exquisite specimen of modern legislature would have been bad in the superlative degree , had Sir James Graham not been in existence , and Secretary at the Home Office . We all
recollect Punch ' s apt and striking picture of" Peel ' s little Dirty Boy , " in which the right honourable baronet ' s penchant for dabbling in the sewers was so graphically portrayed . He has quite a genius for dirt , and contrives "in the lowest depth to find a deeper still . " In the debate on this subject all the peculiarities of the Gjmh . iv idiosyncrasy were brought into full play . Ho began by trying to stop the diseussion altogether , by sneering at the matter as a mere " workhouse squabble in the south of England , " and pathetically lamenting " that so much of the precious time of the House should be wasted" ou such a trivial subject ; and then proceeded to explain and justify , in his peculiar style—admitting here ,
qualifying there , aud insinuating in the other placeuntil he thought his usual point was gained , that of mystifying the House , and raising a cloud of dust under cover of which he might escape . Upon this occasion , however , he had to deal with parties who were not to be thrown off the scent . To Mr . Christie especially we are indebted for the re-production in Parliament of a " peep behind the scenes , " given by the dismissed Assistant Commissioner Packer , which is ot a most edifying description . Words would only weaken this account of a rehearsal at the Home Office , preparatory to an appearance on the floor o St . Stephen ' s , in reply to some ugly question or other . It is taken from the speech of Mr . Christie :
He would read to the house a memorandum of the con . versation which took place between Mr . Parker and Sir J , Graham , when the former called at the llome-ofUce by desire of Sir James . Mr . Parker assured him ( Mr . Christie ) that the memorandum to which he referred was substantially correct , that it was made immediatel y after the conversation closed , and that his recollection had not since then furnished liiui with any additional particulars which could iu any respect he considered material : — " After adverting to tho facts disclosed in the depositions , Sir James observed— ' I ' ve stated in the House of Commons that the commissioners cannot prevent the boards of guardians from employing the inmates of work , houses at this bone-crushing ; I was right in saying so , was I not V
"Mr . Parser . —I think not ; I have no doubt whatever that the commissioners possess authority to issue regulations by which such labour may be put ' on a proper footing . "Sir James . —Is that so ? Are you sure you are right ? " Mr . Parker—I am very confident in mv opinion . "Sir Edmund Head , one of the Poor law Comuiis . sioners , was announced , and Sir James Graham repeated to him what he had said in the House of Commons respecting the powers of boards of guardiaas to employ the inmates of workhouses in hone-crushing ; adding , Jir " Parker says he thinks the commissioners have power "to controul tills kind of labour *
" Sir Edmund . —I think we can do so , but" Sir James . —I do not like this kind of employment in workhouses ; we shall have some confounded disturbances about it . " Sir Edmund . —I am sorry to hear you say so . "Sir James . —Yes ; this case will " be stock-in-trade for the Times for the next six mouths ; but you have not countenanced this description oflabour , have > OU ? "Sir Edmund . —No . but we have twt discouraged it . " Mr . Parker , handing Sir Edmund a copy of the com . missioners' order requiring wayfarers and such casual paupers to break a certain quantity of hones before leaving the Andover workhouse , iu return for a ni-ht ' s lodging and food , suid 'In the case of mendicants , such labour has been directed by an order «( the commissioners , upon the certificate ot * the surgeon that it was innocuous . '
' bir James ( taking the paper from Sir Edmund ) , 'Is that so '—why it makes tlw case worse . ' " Sir Edmund observed , that he regretted that Sir James entertained such an opinion , and that he did not think such labour could be abandoned without giving offence to boards of guardians , "Sir James . —Now , what am Ito tell the liov . se about this business 1 It will never do to produce Mr . Parker ' s re . port and these deposition * . I wiK tell you wftiit / will say . I will begin by adverting to bone-crushing in workhouses ; then go on to say that 1 lost no time in communicating with the commissioners , who forthwith replied that no iu .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 14, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14031846/page/4/
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